技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农田灌溉领域，特别涉及一种农田灌溉水量计算方法和装置。The invention relates to the field of farmland irrigation, in particular to a method and device for calculating the amount of farmland irrigation water.
背景技术Background technique
受全球气候变化影响，水资源管理问题在世界各地日益严峻。从全球范围来看，国际粮农组织的报告中指出世界农业用水占淡水总用量的69.5％。Affected by global climate change, water resource management issues are becoming increasingly severe around the world. From a global perspective, the report of the International Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the world's agricultural water accounts for 69.5% of the total fresh water consumption.
目前，传统的农田灌溉用水量一般是基于经验法获取，其方法如下：对于灌区内的某种作物，根据典型年的灌溉制度及灌溉面积，由经验公式推算出各次灌水的净灌溉用水量、毛灌溉用水量以及全灌区整个灌溉季节的灌溉用水量。由于无法准确的考虑农田的有效降水量和土壤水分的实际情况，因此基于经验法来获取的灌溉用水量一般大于作物实际需要的灌溉用水量，从而导致灌溉用水量的准确率偏低。可见，现有农田的灌溉方式存在灌溉用水量准确率低的问题。At present, the traditional farmland irrigation water consumption is generally obtained based on the empirical method. The method is as follows: For a certain crop in the irrigation area, the net irrigation water consumption of each irrigation is calculated from the empirical formula according to the irrigation system and irrigation area in a typical year , Gross irrigation water consumption and the irrigation water consumption of the whole irrigation area in the whole irrigation season. Since the effective precipitation and soil moisture in the farmland cannot be accurately considered, the irrigation water consumption obtained based on the empirical method is generally greater than the actual irrigation water consumption of the crops, resulting in a low accuracy rate of the irrigation water consumption. It can be seen that the existing irrigation methods of farmland have the problem of low accuracy of irrigation water consumption.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种农田灌溉水量计算方法和装置，解决了现有的灌溉用水量准确率低的问题。The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method and device for calculating farmland irrigation water volume, which solves the problem of low accuracy of existing irrigation water volume.
为了达到上述目的，本发明实施例提供一种农田灌溉水量计算方法，包括：In order to achieve the above purpose, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating farmland irrigation water volume, including:
获取目标灌区的土壤含水量；Obtain the soil moisture content of the target irrigation area;
判断所述土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量；judging whether the soil moisture content is lower than a preset moisture content;
若所述土壤含水量低于所述预设含水量，则获取所述目标灌区的需水量；If the soil water content is lower than the preset water content, then obtain the water demand of the target irrigation area;
获取所述目标灌区的有效降水量；Obtain the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area;
根据所述目标灌区的需水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量。calculating the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
优选的，所述获取所述目标灌区的需水量，包括：Preferably, said obtaining the water demand of said target irrigation area includes:
获取所述目标灌区的灌溉参数；Obtain the irrigation parameters of the target irrigation area;
根据所述灌溉参数计算所述目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量；Calculating the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area according to the irrigation parameters;
根据所述参考作物蒸散量计算所述目标灌区的需水量。The water demand of the target irrigation area is calculated according to the reference crop evapotranspiration.
优选的，所述获取所述目标灌区的需水量，包括：Preferably, said obtaining the water demand of said target irrigation area includes:
通过公式ETc＝Kw×Kc×ET0计算所述目标灌区的需水量；Calculate the water demand of the target irrigation area by the formula ETc =Kw ×Kc ×ET0 ;
其中，ETc为所述目标灌区的需水量，ET0为所述目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，Kc为作物系数；Wherein, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, ET0 is the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area, Kw is the soil moisture correction coefficient, and Kc is the crop coefficient;
通过公式计算所述土壤水分修正系数；by formula Calculating the soil moisture correction factor;
其中，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，AW为土壤含水量，Wp为凋萎含水量，Wj为毛管断裂含水量。Among them, Kw is the soil water correction coefficient, AW is the soil water content, Wp is the wilting water content, and Wj is the capillary fracture water content.
优选的，所述根据所述目标灌区的需水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量，包括：Preferably, the calculation of the irrigation volume of the target irrigation area according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area includes:
通过公式计算所述目标灌区的灌水量；by formula Calculating the irrigation volume of the target irrigation area;
其中，IW为所述目标灌区的灌水量，ETc为所述目标灌区的需水量，P0为所述目标灌区的有效降水量。Wherein, IW is the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, andP0 is the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
优选的，在所述获取目标灌区的土壤含水量之前，所述方法还包括：Preferably, before the soil water content of the acquisition target irrigation area, the method also includes:
根据所述目标灌区内作物的最大根系深度确定土壤层的厚度；Determine the thickness of the soil layer according to the maximum root depth of the crops in the target irrigation area;
所述获取目标灌区内的土壤含水量，包括：The described acquisition of soil water content in the target irrigation area includes:
通过时域反射仪获取土壤含水量，其中，根据所述土壤层的厚度确定所述时域反射仪探头的布设数量，且所述时域反射仪探头布设间距为20cm。The moisture content of the soil is obtained by a time domain reflectometer, wherein the number of probes of the time domain reflectometer is determined according to the thickness of the soil layer, and the distance between the probes of the time domain reflectometer is 20 cm.
本发明实施例还提供一种农田灌溉水量计算装置，包括：The embodiment of the present invention also provides a farmland irrigation water calculation device, including:
第一获取模块，用于获取目标灌区的土壤含水量；The first obtaining module is used to obtain the soil water content of the target irrigation area;
判断模块，用于判断所述土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量；A judging module, configured to judge whether the soil moisture content is lower than a preset moisture content;
第二获取模块，用于若所述土壤含水量低于所述预设含水量，则获取所述目标灌区的需水量；A second acquiring module, configured to acquire the water demand of the target irrigation area if the soil moisture content is lower than the preset moisture content;
第三获取模块，用于获取所述目标灌区的有效降水量；The third obtaining module is used to obtain the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area;
计算模块，用于根据所述目标灌区的需水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量。A calculation module, configured to calculate the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
优选的，所述第二获取模块包括：Preferably, the second acquisition module includes:
第一获取单元，用于获取所述目标灌区的灌溉参数；a first acquisition unit, configured to acquire irrigation parameters of the target irrigation area;
第一计算单元，用于根据所述灌溉参数计算所述目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量；A first calculation unit, configured to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area according to the irrigation parameters;
第二计算单元，根据所述参考作物蒸散量计算所述目标灌区的需水量。The second calculation unit calculates the water demand of the target irrigation area according to the reference crop evapotranspiration.
优选的，所述第二获取模块包括：Preferably, the second acquisition module includes:
通过公式ETc＝Kw×Kc×ET0计算所述目标灌区的需水量；Calculate the water demand of the target irrigation area by the formula ETc =Kw ×Kc ×ET0 ;
其中，ETc为所述目标灌区的需水量，ET0为所述目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，Kc为作物系数；Wherein, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, ET0 is the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area, Kw is the soil moisture correction coefficient, and Kc is the crop coefficient;
通过公式计算所述土壤水分修正系数；by formula Calculating the soil moisture correction factor;
其中，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，AW为土壤含水量，Wp为凋萎含水量，Wj为毛管断裂含水量。Among them, Kw is the soil water correction coefficient, AW is the soil water content, Wp is the wilting water content, and Wj is the capillary fracture water content.
优选的，所述计算模块包括：Preferably, the calculation module includes:
通过公式计算所述目标灌区的灌水量；by formula Calculating the irrigation volume of the target irrigation area;
其中，IW为所述目标灌区的灌水量，ETc为所述目标灌区的需水量，P0为所述目标灌区的有效降水量。Wherein, IW is the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, andP0 is the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
优选的，所述装置还包括：Preferably, the device also includes:
确定模块，用于根据所述目标灌区内作物的最大根系深度确定土壤层的厚度；A determination module, configured to determine the thickness of the soil layer according to the maximum root depth of the crops in the target irrigation area;
所述第一获取模块用于通过时域反射仪获取土壤含水量，其中，根据所述土壤层的厚度确定所述时域反射仪探头的布设数量，且所述时域反射仪探头布设间距为20cm。The first acquisition module is used to acquire soil water content through a time domain reflectometer, wherein the number of probes of the time domain reflectometer is determined according to the thickness of the soil layer, and the layout distance of the probes of the time domain reflectometer is 20cm.
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案具有如下优点或有益效果：One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
本发明实施例通过获取目标灌区的土壤含水量；判断所述土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量；若所述土壤含水量低于所述预设含水量，则获取所述目标灌区的需水量；获取所述目标灌区的有效降水量；根据所述目标灌区的水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量。这样解决了现有的灌溉用水量准确率低的问题，通过定量、定时的反映目标灌区内作物的需水情况，从而实现灌溉水的精确利用，避免了水资源不必要的浪费。In the embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining the soil water content of the target irrigation area; judging whether the soil water content is lower than the preset water content; if the soil water content is lower than the preset water content, then obtaining the required water content of the target irrigation area water volume; obtaining the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area; calculating the irrigation volume of the target irrigation area according to the water volume of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area. In this way, the problem of low accuracy of the existing irrigation water consumption is solved, and by quantitatively and regularly reflecting the water demand of the crops in the target irrigation area, the precise use of irrigation water is realized and unnecessary waste of water resources is avoided.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种农田灌溉水量计算方法的流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for calculating the amount of irrigation water in farmland provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的另一种农田灌溉水量计算方法的流程示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another farmland irrigation water calculation method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的基于网络的原理框图；FIG. 3 is a network-based functional block diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的测量装置的结构示意图；FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a measuring device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种农田灌溉水量计算装置的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a calculation device for farmland irrigation water provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种农田灌溉水量计算装置中第二获取模块的结构示意图；6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second acquisition module in a farmland irrigation water volume calculation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的另一种农田灌溉水量计算装置的结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another calculation device for farmland irrigation water provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供一种农田灌溉水量计算方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating farmland irrigation water volume, comprising the following steps:
步骤101、获取目标灌区的土壤含水量。Step 101, obtaining the soil water content of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，通过设置在目标灌区内的时域反射仪测定目标灌区内土壤中的介电常数，在根据土壤中的介电常数推算获得土壤含水量。为了更准确的获取目标灌区内的土壤含水量，可以在目标灌区的土壤中分层设置时域反射仪的探头，例如以每20cm一层设置时域反射仪的探头，从而更准确的获取目标灌区内的土壤含水量。In this step, the dielectric constant in the soil in the target irrigation area is measured by a time domain reflectometer arranged in the target irrigation area, and the soil moisture content is obtained according to the estimation of the dielectric constant in the soil. In order to obtain the soil moisture content in the target irrigation area more accurately, the probes of the time domain reflectometer can be set in layers in the soil of the target irrigation area, for example, the probes of the time domain reflectometer are set every 20cm, so as to obtain the target more accurately Soil moisture content in the irrigated area.
步骤102、判断所述土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量。Step 102, judging whether the soil water content is lower than a preset water content.
该步骤中，通过判断某日土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量，来判断是否需要对目标灌区进行灌溉，当土壤含水量低于预设含水量时，则执行步骤103；当土壤含水量高于预设含水量时，则不需要对目标灌区进行灌溉，同时获取当日的灌溉参数，并对灌溉参数的数据进行存储，其中灌溉参数包括温度、土壤含水量、日照时间、风速、雨量、湿度等，并结束流程。其中预设含水量可以为1.5倍的凋萎含水量，也可以根据实际情况进行设置，凋萎含水量是指作物开始发生永久性凋萎时的土壤含水量。In this step, judge whether the target irrigation area needs to be irrigated by judging whether the soil moisture content on a certain day is lower than the preset moisture content. When the soil moisture content is lower than the preset moisture content, step 103 is performed; When the water content is higher than the preset water content, there is no need to irrigate the target irrigation area. At the same time, the irrigation parameters of the day are obtained and the data of the irrigation parameters are stored. The irrigation parameters include temperature, soil moisture content, sunshine time, wind speed, rainfall, humidity, etc., and end the process. The preset water content can be 1.5 times the withering water content, or it can be set according to the actual situation. The withering water content refers to the soil water content when the crops begin to wither permanently.
步骤103、获取所述目标灌区的需水量。Step 103, obtaining the water demand of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，当土壤含水量低于预设含水量时，说明目标灌区需要进行灌溉，并启动获取目标灌区的需水量，目标灌区的需水量是根据目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量以及目标灌区内作物的作物系数的乘积获得的，为了更为准确的计算目标灌区的需水量还可以参考土壤水分修正系数，从而实现灌溉的准确性，实现精准灌溉的目的。In this step, when the soil water content is lower than the preset water content, it means that the target irrigation area needs to be irrigated, and the water demand of the target irrigation area is started. The water demand of the target irrigation area is based on the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area and the The product of the crop coefficient of the crop is obtained. In order to calculate the water demand of the target irrigation area more accurately, the soil moisture correction coefficient can also be referred to, so as to achieve the accuracy of irrigation and achieve the purpose of precision irrigation.
步骤104、获取所述目标灌区的有效降水量。Step 104, obtaining the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，目标灌区的有效降水量根据目标灌区的土壤水分变化量和降水量基于水量平衡法获得的。In this step, the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area is obtained based on the soil moisture variation and precipitation of the target irrigation area based on the water balance method.
步骤105、根据所述目标灌区的需水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量。Step 105, calculating the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，目标灌区的灌溉一般可以分为初次灌溉和非初次灌溉，在不考虑深层次下渗的情况下，初次灌溉的灌水量一般是以灌溉后土壤含水量不超过田间持水量作为控制标准，即初次灌水量为田间持水量和预设持水量之间的差值。In this step, the irrigation of the target irrigation area can generally be divided into initial irrigation and non-initial irrigation. In the case of deep-seated infiltration, the amount of irrigation water for the initial irrigation is generally controlled by the soil moisture content after irrigation not exceeding the field water capacity. The standard, that is, the initial irrigation amount is the difference between the field capacity and the preset capacity.
而非初次灌溉，则需要根据上一次灌溉时间到本次灌溉时间之间积累的目标灌区逐日有效降水量和目标灌区逐日需水量确定灌水量。当目标灌区的有效降水量大于目标灌区需水量时，则不需要进行灌溉，当目标灌区的有效降水量小于目标灌区需水量时，本次灌水量则为目标灌区需水量与目标灌区的有效降水量的差值。Instead of the initial irrigation, the irrigation volume needs to be determined according to the daily effective precipitation in the target irrigation area and the daily water demand in the target irrigation area accumulated between the last irrigation time and the current irrigation time. When the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area is greater than the water demand of the target irrigation area, no irrigation is required. amount difference.
为了方便目标灌区工作人员查询参考，一般将灌水量转换为灌溉定额IQ(m3/亩)，即IQ＝IW×666.67÷1000。In order to facilitate the query and reference of the staff in the target irrigation area, the amount of irrigation water is generally converted into irrigation quota IQ (m3 /mu), that is, IQ=IW×666.67÷1000.
本发明实施例还可以根据目标灌区内的土壤属性和作物类型分别获取土壤容重、田间持水量、毛管断裂含水量和凋萎含水量，将获取的参数存储入终端计算机中。In the embodiment of the present invention, the soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, capillary fracture water content and wilting water content can be obtained respectively according to the soil properties and crop types in the target irrigation area, and the obtained parameters are stored in the terminal computer.
本发明实施例中，上述方法可以应用于灌溉系统。In the embodiment of the present invention, the above method can be applied to an irrigation system.
本发明实施例中，获取目标灌区的土壤含水量；判断所述土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量；若所述土壤含水量低于所述预设含水量，则获取所述目标灌区的需水量；获取所述目标灌区的有效降水量；根据所述目标灌区的需水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量。这样解决了现有的灌溉用水量准确率低的问题，通过定量、定时的反映目标灌区内作物的需水情况，从而实现灌溉水的精确利用，避免了水资源不必要的浪费。In the embodiment of the present invention, the soil water content of the target irrigation area is obtained; it is judged whether the soil water content is lower than the preset water content; if the soil water content is lower than the preset water content, then the water content of the target irrigation area is obtained water demand; obtaining the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area; calculating the irrigation water amount of the target irrigation area according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area. In this way, the problem of low accuracy of the existing irrigation water consumption is solved, and by quantitatively and regularly reflecting the water demand of the crops in the target irrigation area, the precise use of irrigation water is realized and unnecessary waste of water resources is avoided.
如图2所示，本发明实施例提供另一种农田灌溉水量计算方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides another method for calculating the amount of irrigation water in farmland, which includes the following steps:
步骤201、获取目标灌区的土壤含水量。Step 201, obtaining the soil water content of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，通过设置在目标灌区内的时域反射仪测定目标灌区内土壤中的介电常数，在根据土壤中的介电常数推算获得土壤含水量。为了更准确的获取目标灌区内的土壤含水量，可以在目标灌区的土壤中分层设置时域反射仪的探头，例如以每20cm一层设置时域反射仪的探头，从而更准确的获取目标灌区内的土壤含水量。In this step, the dielectric constant in the soil in the target irrigation area is measured by a time domain reflectometer arranged in the target irrigation area, and the soil moisture content is obtained according to the estimation of the dielectric constant in the soil. In order to obtain the soil moisture content in the target irrigation area more accurately, the probes of the time domain reflectometer can be set in layers in the soil of the target irrigation area, for example, the probes of the time domain reflectometer are set every 20cm, so as to obtain the target more accurately Soil moisture content in the irrigated area.
本发明实施例还可以根据目标灌区内的土壤属性和作物类型分别获取土壤容重、田间持水量、毛管断裂含水量和凋萎含水量，将获取的参数存储入终端计算机中。In the embodiment of the present invention, the soil bulk density, field water holding capacity, capillary fracture water content and wilting water content can be obtained respectively according to the soil properties and crop types in the target irrigation area, and the obtained parameters are stored in the terminal computer.
步骤202、判断所述土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量。Step 202, judging whether the soil water content is lower than a preset water content.
该步骤中，通过判断土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量，来判断是否需要对目标灌区进行灌溉，当土壤含水量低于预设含水量时，则执行步骤203；当土壤含水量高于预设含水量时，则不需要对目标灌区进行灌溉，同时获取当日的灌溉参数，并对灌溉参数的数据进行存储，其中灌溉参数包括温度、土壤含水量、日照时间、风速、雨量、湿度等，并结束流程。其中预设含水量可以为1.5倍的凋萎含水量，也可以根据实际情况进行设置，凋萎含水量是指作物开始发生永久性凋萎时的土壤含水量。In this step, judge whether the target irrigation area needs to be irrigated by judging whether the soil water content is lower than the preset water content. When the soil water content is lower than the preset water content, step 203 is performed; when the soil water content is higher than When the water content is preset, there is no need to irrigate the target irrigation area. At the same time, the irrigation parameters of the day are obtained and the data of the irrigation parameters are stored. The irrigation parameters include temperature, soil moisture content, sunshine time, wind speed, rainfall, humidity, etc. , and end the process. The preset water content can be 1.5 times the withering water content, or it can be set according to the actual situation. The withering water content refers to the soil water content when the crops begin to wither permanently.
步骤203、获取所述目标灌区的灌溉参数。Step 203, acquiring irrigation parameters of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，灌溉参数包括温度、土壤含水量、日照时间、风速、雨量、湿度等，如图3、图4所示，通过测量装置1获取目标灌区内的灌溉参数，目标灌区内某点的气象数据由不同的气象仪器收集。例如，自记式温度计101基于精密热敏电阻测定空气温度(℃)，测得数据用以计算基于国际粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式中的△、Rn、es和ea四个输入参数；时域反射仪102通过测定土壤中的介电常数来推求土壤含水率(％)；自记式日照计103通过光电感应元件记录日照时长(h)，测得数据用以计算基于国际粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式中的参数Rn；自记风速仪105安装在离地面两米处，通过低阻力滚珠轴承风扇测定风速(m/s)；自记湿度仪106通过电子式湿度传感器监测空气相对湿度(％)，测得数据用以计算基于国际粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式中的参数Rn及ea；自记雨量计109基于翻斗式雨量传感器原理测定雨量(mm)；所述测量仪器与微处理器107相连，微处理器可将仪器输出的电信号进行AD转换，并存储在Flash存储模块108中，最后通过GPRS模块110将检测到的信息由无线通信网络2传输至管理中心服务器3，管理中心服务器的计算机将对数据进行处理计算，并呈现在显示屏上供目标灌区管理人员查看。其中，上述各模块由电池电源模块104供电，所述电池电源模块由太阳能电池和备用锂电池构成，电压为24V。In this step, the irrigation parameters include temperature, soil moisture content, sunshine time, wind speed, rainfall, humidity, etc., as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the irrigation parameters in the target irrigation area are obtained through the measuring device 1, and the temperature of a certain point in the target irrigation area Meteorological data is collected by different meteorological instruments. For example, the self-recording thermometer 101 measures the air temperature (°C) based on a precision thermistor, and the measured data is used to calculate the four inputs of △, Rn , es and ea in the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by the International Food and Agriculture Organization Parameters; Time Domain Reflectometer 102 calculates soil moisture content (%) by measuring the dielectric constant in the soil; Self-recording sunshine meter 103 records sunshine duration (h) by photoelectric sensing element, and the measured data are used to calculate based on international food and agriculture The parameter Rn in the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by the organization; the self-recording anemometer 105 is installed two meters above the ground, and measures the wind speed (m/s) through a low-resistance ball bearing fan; the self-recording hygrometer 106 uses an electronic humidity sensor Monitor the air relative humidity (%), and the measured data are used to calculate the parameters Rn and ea based on the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by the International Food and Agriculture Organization; the self-recording rain gauge 109 measures rainfall (mm) based on the tipping bucket rain sensor principle; The measuring instrument is connected with the microprocessor 107, and the microprocessor can carry out AD conversion to the electrical signal output by the instrument, and store it in the Flash storage module 108, and finally transmit the detected information by the wireless communication network 2 through the GPRS module 110 To the management center server 3, the computer of the management center server will process and calculate the data, and present it on the display screen for the management personnel of the target irrigation area to view. Wherein, the above-mentioned modules are powered by the battery power supply module 104, and the battery power supply module is composed of a solar battery and a backup lithium battery with a voltage of 24V.
步骤204、根据所述灌溉参数计算所述目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量。Step 204, calculating reference crop evapotranspiration in the target irrigation area according to the irrigation parameters.
该步骤中，为灌区管理部门配备管理终端服务器，基于国际粮农组织推荐的Penman-Monteith公式为终端计算机编写计算程序，能自行计算出参考作物蒸散量ET0(mm)，计算方法详见式1；In this step, the irrigation district management department is equipped with a management terminal server, and a calculation program is written for the terminal computer based on the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by the International Food and Agriculture Organization, which can calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration ET0 (mm) by itself. The calculation method is shown in formula 1 ;
式中△为饱和水汽压与温度关系曲线在某处的斜率(kPa/℃)，可根据空气气温推求；G为土壤热通量，以日为时间尺度计算ET0时，土壤热通量可忽略不计，即G＝0；Rn为冠层净辐射量(MJ/m2·d)，可通过观测得到，也可通过区域地理位置、当日日照时间、气温及相对湿度通过经验公式计算得到；γ为干湿温度计常数(kPa/℃)，可由当地海拔推求；Tmean为日平均温度(℃)，由测量装置直接测得；u2为2米高处风速(m/s)，由测量装置直接测得；es为饱和水汽压(kPa)，可由空气气温计算得到；ea为实际水汽压(kPa)，可由相对湿度和饱和水汽压计算得到。In the formula, △ is the slope of the relationship curve between saturated water vapor pressure and temperature (kPa/℃), which can be calculated according to the air temperature; G is the soil heat flux, and when ET0 is calculated on a daily basis, the soil heat flux can be Neglected, that is, G=0; Rn is the net radiation amount of the canopy (MJ/m2 d), which can be obtained by observation, or calculated by empirical formulas based on the geographical location of the region, the day's sunshine time, temperature and relative humidity; γ is the dry and wet thermometer constant (kPa/°C), which can be calculated from the local altitude; Tmean is the daily average temperature (°C), which is directly measured by the measuring device; u2 is the wind speed at a height of 2 meters (m/s), which is measured by Measured directly by the device; es is the saturated water vapor pressure (kPa), which can be calculated from the air temperature; ea is the actual water vapor pressure (kPa), which can be calculated from the relative humidity and saturated water vapor pressure.
步骤205、根据所述参考作物蒸散量计算所述目标灌区的需水量。Step 205, calculating the water demand of the target irrigation area according to the reference crop evapotranspiration.
该步骤中，当土壤含水量低于预设含水量时，说明目标灌区需要进行灌溉，并启动获取目标灌区的需水量，目标灌区的需水量是根据目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量以及目标灌区内作物的作物系数的乘积获得的，为了更为准确的计算目标灌区的需水量还可以参考土壤水分修正系数，从而实现灌溉的准确性，实现精准灌溉的目的。In this step, when the soil water content is lower than the preset water content, it means that the target irrigation area needs to be irrigated, and the water demand of the target irrigation area is started. The water demand of the target irrigation area is based on the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area and the The product of the crop coefficient of the crop is obtained. In order to calculate the water demand of the target irrigation area more accurately, the soil moisture correction coefficient can also be referred to, so as to achieve the accuracy of irrigation and achieve the purpose of precision irrigation.
其中，获取所述目标灌区的需水量，包括：Wherein, obtaining the water demand of the target irrigation area includes:
通过公式ETc＝Kw×Kc×ET0计算目标灌区的需水量；Calculate the water demand of the target irrigation area by the formula ETc ＝Kw ×Kc ×ET0 ;
其中，ETc为目标灌区的需水量，ET0为目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，Kc为作物系数；Among them, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, ET0 is the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area, Kw is the soil moisture correction coefficient, and Kc is the crop coefficient;
通过公式计算土壤水分修正系数；by formula Calculate the soil moisture correction factor;
其中，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，AW为土壤含水量，Wp为凋萎含水量，Wj为毛管断裂含水量。Among them, Kw is the soil water correction coefficient, AW is the soil water content, Wp is the wilting water content, and Wj is the capillary fracture water content.
步骤206、获取所述目标灌区的有效降水量。Step 206, obtaining the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，目标灌区的有效降水量根据目标灌区的土壤水分变化量和降水量基于水量平衡法获得的。In this step, the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area is obtained based on the soil moisture variation and precipitation of the target irrigation area based on the water balance method.
步骤207、根据所述目标灌区的需水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量。Step 207, calculating the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
该步骤中，目标灌区的灌溉一般可以分为初次灌溉和非初次灌溉，在不考虑深层次下渗的情况下，初次灌溉的灌水量一般是以灌溉后土壤含水量不超过田间持水量作为控制标准，即初次灌水量为田间持水量和预设持水量之间的差值。In this step, the irrigation of the target irrigation area can generally be divided into initial irrigation and non-initial irrigation. In the case of deep-seated infiltration, the amount of irrigation water for the initial irrigation is generally controlled by the soil moisture content after irrigation not exceeding the field water capacity. The standard, that is, the initial irrigation amount is the difference between the field capacity and the preset capacity.
而非初次灌溉，则需要根据上一次灌溉时间到本次灌溉时间之间积累的目标灌区有效降水量和目标灌区需水量确定灌水量。当目标灌区的有效降水量大于目标灌区需水量时，则不需要进行灌溉，当目标灌区的有效降水量小于目标灌区需水量时，本次灌水量则为目标灌区需水量与目标灌区的有效降水量的差值。Instead of the initial irrigation, the irrigation amount needs to be determined according to the effective precipitation in the target irrigation area and the water demand in the target irrigation area accumulated between the last irrigation time and the current irrigation time. When the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area is greater than the water demand of the target irrigation area, no irrigation is required. amount difference.
其中，所述根据目标灌区的需水量和目标灌区的有效降水量计算目标灌区的灌水量，包括：Wherein, the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area is calculated according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area, including:
通过公式计算目标灌区的灌水量；by formula Calculate the irrigation volume of the target irrigation area;
其中，IW为目标灌区的灌水量，ETc为目标灌区的需水量，P0为所述目标灌区的有效降水量。Among them, IW is the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, andP0 is the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
可选的，在所述获取目标灌区的土壤含水量之前，所述方法还包括：Optionally, before obtaining the soil moisture content of the target irrigation area, the method also includes:
根据所述目标灌区内作物的最大根系深度确定土壤层的厚度；Determine the thickness of the soil layer according to the maximum root depth of the crops in the target irrigation area;
所述获取目标灌区内的土壤含水量，包括：The described acquisition of soil water content in the target irrigation area includes:
通过时域反射仪获取土壤含水量，其中，根据所述土壤层的厚度确定所述时域反射仪探头的布设数量，且所述时域反射仪探头布设间距为20cm。The moisture content of the soil is obtained by a time domain reflectometer, wherein the number of probes of the time domain reflectometer is determined according to the thickness of the soil layer, and the distance between the probes of the time domain reflectometer is 20 cm.
本发明实施例中，通过根据目标灌区内作物的最大根系深度确定土壤层的厚度，从而更为精准的分布时域反射仪的探头，从而获取相对准确的目标灌区的土壤含水量，实现灌溉水的精确利用，避免了水资源不必要的浪费。In the embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the soil layer is determined according to the maximum root depth of the crops in the target irrigation area, so that the probes of the time domain reflectometer are distributed more accurately, so as to obtain a relatively accurate soil moisture content in the target irrigation area and realize irrigation water. The precise use of water avoids unnecessary waste of water resources.
本发明实施例中，通过上述方法可以解决了现有的灌溉用水量准确率低的问题，并通过定量、定时的反映目标灌区内作物的需水情况，从而实现灌溉水的精确利用，避免了水资源不必要的浪费。In the embodiment of the present invention, the problem of low accuracy of existing irrigation water consumption can be solved by the above method, and the water demand of crops in the target irrigation area can be reflected quantitatively and regularly, so as to realize the precise utilization of irrigation water and avoid Unnecessary waste of water resources.
如图5所示，本发明实施例提供一种农田灌溉水量计算装置，所述装置50包括：As shown in FIG. 5 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for calculating the amount of irrigation water in farmland. The device 50 includes:
第一获取模块51，用于获取目标灌区的土壤含水量；The first obtaining module 51 is used to obtain the soil water content of the target irrigation area;
判断模块52，用于判断所述土壤含水量是否低于预设含水量；A judging module 52, configured to judge whether the soil moisture content is lower than a preset moisture content;
第二获取模块53，用于若所述土壤含水量低于所述预设含水量，则获取所述目标灌区的需水量；The second obtaining module 53 is used to obtain the water demand of the target irrigation area if the soil water content is lower than the preset water content;
第三获取模块54，用于获取所述目标灌区的有效降水量；The third obtaining module 54 is used to obtain the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area;
计算模块55，用于根据所述目标灌区的需水量和所述目标灌区的有效降水量计算所述目标灌区的灌水量。A calculation module 55, configured to calculate the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area according to the water demand of the target irrigation area and the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
可选的，如图6所示，所述第二获取模块53包括：Optionally, as shown in FIG. 6, the second obtaining module 53 includes:
第一获取单元531，用于获取所述目标灌区的灌溉参数；The first acquisition unit 531 is configured to acquire irrigation parameters of the target irrigation area;
第一计算单元532，用于根据所述灌溉参数计算所述目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量；The first calculation unit 532 is used to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area according to the irrigation parameters;
第二计算单元533，根据所述参考作物蒸散量计算所述目标灌区的需水量。The second calculation unit 533 calculates the water demand of the target irrigation area according to the reference crop evapotranspiration.
可选的，所述第二获取模块53包括：Optionally, the second acquisition module 53 includes:
通过公式ETc＝Kw×Kc×ET0计算所述目标灌区的需水量；Calculate the water demand of the target irrigation area by the formula ETc =Kw ×Kc ×ET0 ;
其中，ETc为所述目标灌区的需水量，ET0为所述目标灌区的参考作物蒸散量，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，Kc为作物系数；Wherein, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, ET0 is the reference crop evapotranspiration of the target irrigation area, Kw is the soil moisture correction coefficient, and Kc is the crop coefficient;
通过公式计算所述土壤水分修正系数；by formula Calculating the soil moisture correction factor;
其中，Kw为土壤水分修正系数，AW为土壤含水量，Wp为凋萎含水量，Wj为毛管断裂含水量。Among them, Kw is the soil water correction coefficient, AW is the soil water content, Wp is the wilting water content, and Wj is the capillary fracture water content.
可选的，所述计算模块55包括：Optionally, the computing module 55 includes:
通过公式计算所述目标灌区的灌水量；by formula Calculating the irrigation volume of the target irrigation area;
其中，IW为所述目标灌区的灌水量，ETc为所述目标灌区的需水量，P0为所述目标灌区的有效降水量。Wherein, IW is the irrigation water volume of the target irrigation area, ETc is the water demand of the target irrigation area, andP0 is the effective precipitation of the target irrigation area.
可选的，如图7所示，所述装置50还包括：Optionally, as shown in FIG. 7, the device 50 further includes:
确定模块56，用于根据所述目标灌区内作物的最大根系深度确定土壤层的厚度；Determination module 56, for determining the thickness of the soil layer according to the maximum root system depth of the crops in the target irrigation area;
所述第一获取模块51用于通过时域反射仪获取土壤含水量，其中，根据所述土壤层的厚度确定所述时域反射仪探头的布设数量，且所述时域反射仪探头布设间距为20cm。The first acquisition module 51 is used to acquire the soil water content through a time domain reflectometer, wherein the number of probes of the time domain reflectometer is determined according to the thickness of the soil layer, and the layout distance of the probes of the time domain reflectometer is It is 20cm.
本发明实施例中，装置50可以实现图1至图4所示实施例中提供的方法，即图1至图4实施例中提供的方法都可以由装置50实现，并且能达到相同的有益效果，为避免重复，在此不再赘述。In the embodiment of the present invention, the device 50 can implement the methods provided in the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 4, that is, all the methods provided in the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 4 can be implemented by the device 50, and can achieve the same beneficial effect , to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
在本申请所提供的实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本发明实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the functions described above are realized in the form of software function units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the essence of the technical solution of the present invention or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes such as U disk, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020805.6ACN106780093A (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2017-01-12 | A kind of field irrigation watermeter calculates method and apparatus |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020805.6ACN106780093A (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2017-01-12 | A kind of field irrigation watermeter calculates method and apparatus |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106780093Atrue CN106780093A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710020805.6APendingCN106780093A (en) | 2017-01-12 | 2017-01-12 | A kind of field irrigation watermeter calculates method and apparatus |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN106780093A (en) |
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| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20170531 |