技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种广域水下煤岩深孔承压微爆注浆堵水技术，可用于广域地表水、承压水、地下暗河以及裂隙水影响下的煤岩增透、增裂、注浆堵水、卸压、防冲等领域，保障富水矿区煤矿和隧道工程的高效生产和安全开挖。The invention relates to a wide-area underwater coal-rock deep-hole pressurized micro-explosion grouting water plugging technology, which can be used for increasing permeability and cracking of coal and rock under the influence of wide-area surface water, pressurized water, underground underground rivers and fissure water , grouting, water blocking, pressure relief, anti-scouring and other fields to ensure efficient production and safe excavation of coal mines and tunnel projects in rich water mining areas.
背景技术Background technique
我国水资源赋存丰富，地表水、地下潜水、地下暗河及承压水分布广泛。在煤矿和隧道工程正常开采和开挖过程中，经常会受到不同程度的水害侵扰问题。例如，在浅埋煤层和隧道的开采与开挖过程中，受开采扰动及覆岩断裂影响，顶板裂隙将广泛发育贯通，波及地表广域水源，诱发大范围的工程渗水或突水灾害；对于中深部煤层的开采，同样由于煤层开采扰动及顶板大范围垮断影响，当覆岩裂隙导通富水岩层、地下暗河或承压水层后，将给煤矿和隧道工程正常生产和开挖带来严重突水隐患，威胁工人生命安全，造成巨大经济损失；伴随煤炭资源转向深部开采的趋势，深部厚及特厚煤层上方经常赋存有煤层采空区积水、潜水层、承压含水层、地下暗河等广域富水水源，加之厚及特厚煤层开采后的大空间顶板结构大范围失稳垮断联合深部高应力的综合作用，覆岩导水裂隙极易贯通上覆广域富水区，从而埋下不同程度的突水隐患，不利于矿井和隧道工程的安全生产与开挖，对社会经济和效益造成恶劣影响。my country is rich in water resources, and surface water, underground water, underground rivers and confined water are widely distributed. In the normal mining and excavation process of coal mines and tunnel projects, they are often affected by water damage in varying degrees. For example, during the mining and excavation of shallow coal seams and tunnels, affected by mining disturbances and overlying rock fractures, cracks in the roof will develop and penetrate widely, affecting wide-area water sources on the surface, and causing large-scale engineering water seepage or water inrush disasters; The mining of middle and deep coal seams is also affected by the disturbance of coal seam mining and the large-scale collapse of the roof. When the cracks in the overburden rock are connected to the water-rich rock layer, underground river or confined water layer, it will be difficult for the normal production and excavation of coal mines and tunnel projects. It brings serious hidden dangers of water inrush, threatens the life safety of workers, and causes huge economic losses; with the trend of coal resources shifting to deep mining, deep thick and extra-thick coal seams often have gob water, aquifers, and pressurized water Coal seams, underground rivers and other wide-area water-rich water sources, combined with the combined effects of large-scale instability and collapse of the large-space roof structure after mining thick and extra-thick coal seams combined with deep high stress, water-conducting cracks in the overlying rock can easily penetrate the overlying wide area. It is not conducive to the safe production and excavation of mines and tunnels, and has a bad impact on social economy and benefits.
鉴于此，煤矿现场和隧道施工过程中经常采取加强水源超前物探，坚持探水和放水相结合的技术措施，防治生产施工作业过程中富水区的突水隐患。然而，对于广域水源赋存条件下，采取常规的抽放水措施既不现实也不经济，且受到水源探测技术精度的限制，在加强水源辅助探测技术的基础上，往往还要再通过补打大量的探水孔加强预防，显著增加了钻孔的打钻工程量及成本，加之探水和放水孔打设位置、方向以及深度等参数的确定尚存在一定盲目性，经常将探水和放水孔打设在无水或贫水区，无法及时沟通围岩主导水裂隙，容易造成巨大的工程和经济损失。与此同时，基于煤岩的采动卸压影响，鉴于采场和巷道近区围岩导水裂隙发育，工程实践中通过采取孔内注浆封堵的措施，企图完全封堵围岩导水裂隙，防治富水煤岩突水隐患的发生，但由于堵水钻孔的打设存在盲目性，往往造成围岩钻孔打设不能准确沟通主要导水通道。当钻孔打设在无水、贫水或封闭裂隙区时，将导致钻孔注浆堵水失去意义，或者即使将钻孔打设在围岩次导水裂隙中，并有效封堵了部分次导水裂隙通道，但由于围岩主、次导水裂隙贯通度不大，钻孔局部次级裂隙的注浆封堵并不能实现对围岩主导水通道的有效封堵，在主导水通道内承压水的持续作用下，主导水裂隙将重新沟通注浆孔封堵范围以外的其他次导水裂隙，进而实现围岩导水裂隙通道的重构与改道，同样导致围岩钻孔注浆堵水效果欠佳。In view of this, the coal mine site and the tunnel construction process often adopt technical measures to strengthen the advanced geophysical prospecting of water sources and insist on combining water exploration and water discharge to prevent and control the hidden danger of water inrush in water-rich areas during production and construction. However, under the conditions of wide-area water source occurrence, it is neither realistic nor economical to take conventional water pumping measures, and is limited by the accuracy of water source detection technology. On the basis of strengthening water source auxiliary detection technology, it is often necessary to supplement Drilling a large number of water exploration holes to strengthen prevention has significantly increased the amount of drilling work and cost of drilling. In addition, there is still a certain degree of blindness in determining the parameters such as the location, direction, and depth of water exploration and water discharge holes. The water discharge holes are set in water-free or water-poor areas, and cannot communicate with the dominant water cracks in the surrounding rock in time, which will easily cause huge engineering and economic losses. At the same time, based on the influence of coal mining and pressure relief, in view of the development of water-conducting cracks in the surrounding rock near the stope and the roadway, in engineering practice, the measures of grouting in the hole are adopted to completely seal the water-conducting cracks in the surrounding rock. However, due to the blindness in the drilling of water blocking drilling, it often results in the inability to accurately communicate with the main water guiding channel when drilling drilling in surrounding rocks. When the borehole is drilled in an anhydrous, water-poor or closed fissure area, it will cause the borehole grouting to block water meaninglessly, or even if the borehole is drilled in the secondary water-conducting fissure of the surrounding rock, and effectively seal off some Secondary water-conducting fissure channels, but because the penetration of the primary and secondary water-conducting fissures in the surrounding rock is not large, the grouting plugging of the local secondary fissures in the borehole cannot effectively block the dominant water channel in the surrounding rock. Under the continuous action of internal confined water, the dominant water fissures will re-connect with other secondary water-conducting fissures outside the plugging range of the grouting hole, thereby realizing the reconstruction and diversion of the water-guiding fissure channels in the surrounding rock, which also leads to the drilling and injection of surrounding rocks. The slurry water blocking effect is not good.
综上分析，广域水源赋存条件下的抽放泄水措施既不现实也不经济，因此准确找到或沟通围岩主导水通道并进行及时注浆封堵，是解决广域水源条件下煤矿和隧道工程中突水隐患的关键，本发明提供的广域水下煤岩深孔承压微爆注浆堵水技术，通过在煤岩内打设多组钻孔，采用孔内承压微爆技术，既有效增加了煤岩体内的卸压增裂空间，又充分发挥了孔内装药周边固液耦合传爆介质的高效均匀传载特性，实现了围岩内主、次导水裂隙的充分贯通，弥补了探放水钻孔初期打设的盲目性，加之后续的高压注浆封堵作业将更有利于煤岩体内导水裂隙的全面封堵。煤岩体爆破裂隙孔网和主、次导水裂隙的广泛贯通辅以高压注浆封堵，利于形成广域的注浆堵水帷幕，堵水效果显著，实现了孔内炸药爆炸超动载作用下的静态破岩增裂与围岩广域裂隙的全面封堵，具有广泛的技术推广和应用价值。Based on the above analysis, it is neither realistic nor economical to pump and discharge water under the condition of wide-area water sources. Therefore, accurately finding or communicating the dominant water channels of surrounding rocks and timely grouting to block them is the solution to the problem of coal mines under the condition of wide-area water sources. And the key to the hidden danger of water inrush in tunnel engineering, the wide-area underwater coal rock deep hole pressure micro-explosion grouting water blocking technology provided by the present invention, through drilling multiple groups of boreholes in the coal rock, adopts pressure micro-explosion in the hole The technology not only effectively increases the space for pressure relief and crack increase in the coal rock body, but also gives full play to the high-efficiency and uniform load-carrying characteristics of the solid-liquid coupling detonation medium around the charge in the hole, and realizes the primary and secondary water-conducting cracks in the surrounding rock. The full penetration makes up for the blindness in the initial drilling of water exploration and discharge drilling, and the subsequent high-pressure grouting sealing operation will be more conducive to the comprehensive sealing of water-conducting fissures in the coal and rock body. The extensive penetration of coal and rock mass blasting fracture pore network and primary and secondary water-conducting fractures is supplemented by high-pressure grouting plugging, which is conducive to the formation of a wide-area grouting water blocking curtain, and the water blocking effect is remarkable. The static breaking of rocks and the comprehensive sealing of wide-area fissures in surrounding rocks under the action have extensive technical promotion and application value.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对广域水源赋存条件下的煤矿和隧道开采与开挖工程中的突水防治问题，提供了广域水下煤岩深孔承压微爆注浆堵水方法，基于孔内固液耦合传爆介质的高效均匀传载特性，实现围岩内主、次导水裂隙的广泛贯通，弥补探放水钻孔打设位置选取时的盲目性，加之后续的高压注浆封堵更有利于煤岩体内导水裂隙的全面封堵，可以较好地实现孔内炸药爆炸超动载作用下的静态破岩增裂与围岩广域裂隙全面封堵效果。Aiming at the problem of water inrush prevention and control in coal mines and tunnel mining and excavation projects under the condition of wide-area water source occurrence, the present invention provides a wide-area underwater coal rock deep hole pressure micro-explosion grouting water blocking method, based on the solidification in the hole The high-efficiency and uniform load-carrying characteristics of the liquid coupling detonation medium realize the extensive penetration of primary and secondary water-conducting fissures in the surrounding rock, making up for the blindness in the selection of drilling locations for water exploration and discharge, and the subsequent high-pressure grouting plugging is more effective. It is beneficial to the comprehensive sealing of water-conducting fissures in the coal and rock body, and can better realize the effect of static rock breaking and cracking and comprehensive sealing of wide-area fissures in surrounding rocks under the superdynamic load of explosive explosion in the hole.
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种广域水下煤岩深孔承压微爆注浆堵水方法，包括钻孔布设、孔内装药和管线布置、孔内快速注浆封孔以及孔内注液、排气和装药引爆工序，具体包括以下步骤：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a wide-area underwater coal rock deep hole pressure micro-explosion grouting water blocking method, including drilling layout, hole charging and pipeline layout, fast grouting and sealing in the hole, and The process of liquid injection, exhaust and charge detonation specifically includes the following steps:
1)针对特定的富水矿区和隧道施工条件，明确注浆堵水空间范围，设计钻孔参数，确定合理孔深、孔间距、层位、倾/仰角度以及孔径等参数；采用大功率钻机进行顺序打孔作业，严格控制钻机打钻精度。1) According to specific water-rich mining areas and tunnel construction conditions, clarify the grouting water blocking space range, design drilling parameters, and determine reasonable hole depth, hole spacing, horizon, inclination/elevation angle, and hole diameter and other parameters; use high-power drilling rigs Perform sequential drilling operations and strictly control the drilling accuracy of the drilling rig.
2)钻孔装药前，对爆破孔预先清扫，清除孔内残余煤岩粉，顺序装入定量固体炸药(液态炸药条件下暂不装药)，同步安装注液管和排气管，并将导爆索联同注液管和排气管沿孔壁排列引出孔外。2) Before drilling and charging, pre-clean the blast hole, remove the residual coal and rock powder in the hole, load quantitative solid explosives in sequence (the charge will not be charged temporarily under the condition of liquid explosives), install the liquid injection pipe and exhaust pipe synchronously, and Arrange the detonating cord together with the liquid injection pipe and the exhaust pipe along the hole wall and lead out of the hole.
3)采用柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置，多孔同步对煤岩封孔段进行快速注浆封孔作业，封孔段长度一致。3) The flexible and plastic rapid grouting and sealing device is adopted, and the multiple holes are simultaneously used for rapid grouting and sealing of the coal and rock sealing section, and the length of the sealing section is the same.
4)待煤岩封孔段浆液凝固后，多孔同步注液、排气作业。当排气管内有液流持续流出时，关闭排气管截止阀，注液管继续注液增压，同时绑定导爆索和雷管、进行炮线连线作业，待人员撤到安全地点后，引爆雷管和孔内炸药。4) After the slurry in the coal and rock sealing section is solidified, the multi-hole synchronous liquid injection and exhaust operations will be performed. When there is a continuous flow of liquid in the exhaust pipe, close the stop valve of the exhaust pipe, continue to inject liquid into the liquid injection pipe to pressurize, bind the detonating cord and detonator at the same time, and carry out the gun line connection operation, and wait for the personnel to evacuate to a safe place , detonate the detonator and the explosive in the hole.
5)孔内炸药引爆后，检查煤岩钻孔封堵状况，对于微爆冲孔钻孔及时采取二次封堵，待封孔段浆液二次凝固后，将堵水注浆管连接至高压注浆泵，对爆破煤岩体进行大空间、全方位的高压注浆封堵作业。5) After the explosives in the hole are detonated, check the plugging status of the coal and rock drilling, and take secondary sealing in time for the micro-explosive perforation drilling, and connect the water plugging grouting pipe to the high-pressure The grouting pump is used for large space and all-round high-pressure grouting and sealing operations on the blasted coal and rock mass.
作为优选，所述步骤1)中钻孔参数设置：所选定的钻孔应以大孔径为宜，一般在60～100mm左右，一方面为煤岩体提供充分的卸压增裂空间，另一方面则有利于后期的装药、封孔和高压注浆作业；基于装药周边固液耦合传爆介质的高效传载特性，为满足围岩近区煤岩体结构的稳定，注浆封孔长度一般为钻孔长度的40％～60％为宜；对于钻孔间距和孔深主要视煤岩强度和原岩应力条件而定，对于坚硬煤岩应尽量遵循短孔深、小间距原则，保证坚硬煤岩裂隙充分扩展和贯通，反之对于松软煤岩应适当加大孔深和孔间距。As a preference, the setting of drilling parameters in the step 1): the selected drilling should have a large aperture, generally about 60-100 mm, on the one hand provide sufficient pressure relief and cracking space for the coal and rock mass, and on the other hand On the one hand, it is beneficial to the later charging, sealing and high-pressure grouting operations; based on the high-efficiency load-carrying characteristics of the solid-liquid coupling detonation transfer medium around the charge, in order to meet the stability of the coal and rock mass structure in the surrounding rock area, the grouting sealing The hole length is generally 40% to 60% of the drilling length; the drilling spacing and hole depth mainly depend on the strength of the coal rock and the stress conditions of the original rock, and the principle of short hole depth and small spacing should be followed as far as possible for hard coal rock , to ensure that the cracks in hard coal and rock are fully expanded and penetrated, on the contrary, for soft coal and rock, the hole depth and hole spacing should be appropriately increased.
作为优选，所述步骤2)中钻孔装药与管线布置工序：对于一般煤岩钻孔而言，打设上仰倾向的钻孔将有利于打钻过程中煤岩粉的排运和后期的清孔作业，此时爆破孔内的注液管装设深度只需超过封孔段0.1～0.3m，而排气管则需装设至孔底位置；对于下俯倾向的钻孔，则需借助相应的辅助清孔设施，清运孔内残余的煤岩粉，此时需将注液管装设至孔底，而将排气管超过钻孔封孔段0.1～0.3m。同时，需将导爆索联同注液管和排气管分别沿孔壁排列引出孔外。As a preference, the drilling charge and pipeline layout process in the step 2): For general coal and rock drilling, setting up upwardly inclined drilling holes will facilitate the discharge and transportation of coal and rock powder during the drilling process and the later stage. At this time, the installation depth of the liquid injection pipe in the blast hole only needs to exceed 0.1-0.3m beyond the hole sealing section, and the exhaust pipe needs to be installed to the bottom of the hole; The residual coal and rock powder in the hole needs to be cleared and transported with the help of corresponding auxiliary hole cleaning facilities. At this time, the liquid injection pipe needs to be installed to the bottom of the hole, and the exhaust pipe should be 0.1-0.3m beyond the sealing section of the drilled hole. At the same time, it is necessary to arrange the detonating cord together with the liquid injection pipe and the exhaust pipe along the wall of the hole to lead out of the hole.
作为优选，所述步骤2)中孔内装药量一般少于钻孔全长普通装药爆破条件的1/3，选用液态炸药时，一般只能选择低能、低感度的液体炸药，如硝化甘油基液体炸药EL-389-B、水基稠化液体炸药NO.1286646、硝基烷烃基液体炸药、钝化TAL-1005-C等，炸药爆破能量当量低于岩石炸药爆破能量的1/3。As a preference, the amount of charge in the middle hole of said step 2) is generally less than 1/3 of the blasting condition of the full-length common charge of the borehole. When using liquid explosives, generally only low-energy, low-sensitivity liquid explosives can be selected, such as nitroglycerin Based liquid explosive EL-389-B, water-based thickened liquid explosive NO.1286646, nitroalkane-based liquid explosive, passivated TAL-1005-C, etc., the blasting energy equivalent of explosives is lower than 1/3 of the blasting energy of rock explosives.
作为优选，所述步骤3)中所述的柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置，是一种带有堵水注浆管的快速封孔装置；As a preference, the flexible fast grouting sealing device described in step 3) is a fast hole sealing device with a water blocking grouting pipe;
所述带有堵水注浆管的快速封孔装置末端视堵水注浆管口径开设尺寸匹配的侧向斜孔，堵水注浆管由侧向斜孔引出，并通过双管末端的双锥形管接头实现封堵和注浆效果；The end of the rapid hole sealing device with a water blocking grouting pipe opens a lateral oblique hole with matching size depending on the diameter of the water blocking grouting pipe. Tapered pipe joints achieve plugging and grouting effects;
所述堵水注浆管和柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置均为开缝柔塑性管，其中用于封孔的注浆管开缝位置位于煤岩封孔段内，而堵水注浆管开缝位置位于钻孔封孔段以外。Both the water blocking grouting pipe and the flexible plastic fast grouting sealing device are flexible plastic pipes with slots, wherein the slotting position of the grouting pipe for hole sealing is located in the coal rock sealing section, and the water blocking grouting pipe The slit position is located outside the drilled hole sealing section.
所述带有堵水注浆管的快速封孔装置的安设，先将环形平滑伞扣由装置末端套至末端侧向斜孔位置以上；然后将堵水注浆管由柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置的前端插入并由装置末端的侧向斜孔引出0.5～1.0m；再将环形凸角伞扣由堵水注浆管的前端套入，塞进柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置管内的前端；最后将组合完毕的完整装置塞入注浆孔内，并将装置末端的环形平滑伞扣沿管壁推至距孔口0.2～0.5m的位置。For the installation of the fast hole sealing device with a water blocking grouting pipe, the annular smooth umbrella buckle is first set from the end of the device to above the position of the lateral inclined hole at the end; The front end of the sealing device is inserted and drawn out from the lateral inclined hole at the end of the device for 0.5~1.0m; then the ring-shaped umbrella buckle is inserted from the front end of the water blocking grouting pipe, and inserted into the flexible plastic rapid grouting sealing device pipe Finally, insert the assembled complete device into the grouting hole, and push the ring-shaped smooth umbrella buckle at the end of the device along the pipe wall to a position 0.2-0.5m away from the orifice.
作为优选，所述步骤4)中孔内注液、排气和装药引爆工序：针对煤岩体单位截面孔网密度较大或破损程度较高的条件，煤岩孔内水体滤失量相对较大，应尽量选择较大孔径的注液管开展多孔同步注液作业；反之，应适当减小注液管线的孔径和注液管条数。煤岩钻孔注液过程中，待排气管持续流液时，关闭排气管截止阀，注液管继续注液增压，且在孔内炸药引爆前，孔内承压介质一直保持带压状态。As a preference, said step 4) liquid injection, exhaust and charge detonation process in the middle hole: aiming at the condition that the unit cross-section hole network density of the coal rock mass is relatively large or the degree of damage is high, the water body filtration loss in the coal rock hole is relatively high. If it is larger, the injection pipe with larger aperture should be selected as much as possible to carry out the multi-hole simultaneous injection operation; otherwise, the aperture of the injection pipeline and the number of injection pipes should be appropriately reduced. During the liquid injection process of coal and rock drilling, when the exhaust pipe continues to flow, close the stop valve of the exhaust pipe, and the liquid injection pipe will continue to inject liquid and pressurize, and the pressure medium in the hole will remain with the pressure before the explosive detonates in the hole. pressure state.
作为优选，所述步骤4)中孔内所注液体主要分为两大类，当孔内炸药为固态或凝聚态时，所注液体为水、盐水或掺杂部分强化剂如细沙、铁粉等的混合液；当采用液态炸药进行爆破时，直接选用液体炸药作为传爆介质，但应具备低感度和足够的稳定性。As a preference, the liquid injected in the hole in step 4) is mainly divided into two categories. When the explosive in the hole is solid or condensed, the injected liquid is water, salt water or doped with some reinforcing agents such as fine sand, iron, etc. powder, etc.; when liquid explosives are used for blasting, liquid explosives are directly selected as the blasting medium, but they should have low sensitivity and sufficient stability.
作为优选，所述步骤5)中的后续高压注浆堵水作业，要根据煤岩体的滤失量选择性质匹配的注浆堵水材料。针对滤失量较大条件，尽量选取兼具凝结时间短、早期强度高、长期稳定、膨胀性能优良、难溶水等特性的堵水材料，如聚氨酯，快速膨胀水泥等；反之，对于滤失量不大条件，材料选取标准可适当放宽，如普通水泥，泥浆等。As a preference, in the subsequent high-pressure grouting water shutoff operation in the step 5), a grouting water shutoff material with matching properties should be selected according to the fluid loss of the coal and rock mass. For the conditions of large fluid loss, try to select water blocking materials with characteristics such as short coagulation time, high early strength, long-term stability, excellent expansion performance, and insoluble water, such as polyurethane, rapid expansion cement, etc.; If the quantity is not large, the material selection standard can be appropriately relaxed, such as ordinary cement, mud, etc.
采用孔内承压微爆技术，基于孔内固液耦合传爆介质的高效均匀传载特性，通过在煤岩内打设多组钻孔，扩大煤岩体内钻孔卸压增裂范围，实现煤体内主、次导水裂隙的大空间、全方位贯通，加之后续高压注浆封堵更有利于煤岩体内主、次导水裂隙的全面封堵，可以较好地实现孔内炸药爆炸超动载条件下的静态破岩增裂与围岩广域裂隙全面封堵。Using the pressure-bearing micro-explosion technology in the hole, based on the high-efficiency and uniform load-carrying characteristics of the solid-liquid coupling explosion medium in the hole, by drilling multiple groups of drill holes in the coal rock, the range of pressure relief and crack increase in the drill hole in the coal rock body is expanded to achieve The large space and all-round penetration of the primary and secondary water-conducting fissures in the coal body, coupled with the subsequent high-pressure grouting plugging, is more conducive to the comprehensive sealing of the primary and secondary water-conducting fissures in the coal and rock body, and can better realize the explosive explosion in the hole Static rock breaking and crack augmentation under ultra-dynamic load conditions and comprehensive sealing of wide-area fissures in surrounding rocks.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1.煤岩体内钻孔多孔布置，有效增加了煤岩单位体积内的卸压空间，为煤岩体内主、次导水裂隙的充分扩展和贯通提供空间条件。1. The porous arrangement of boreholes in the coal rock body effectively increases the pressure relief space per unit volume of the coal rock body, and provides space conditions for the full expansion and penetration of the primary and secondary water-conducting fissures in the coal rock body.
2.采用孔内承压微爆增裂技术，充分利用固液耦合传爆介质的高效均匀传载性能，提高了爆破能量作用范围，实现了少量装药条件下的围岩大范围破裂目的，孔内装药能量利用率显著提高。2. Adopting the pressure-bearing micro-burst cracking technology in the hole, making full use of the high-efficiency and uniform load-carrying performance of the solid-liquid coupling detonation medium, improving the range of blasting energy, and realizing the purpose of large-scale fracture of the surrounding rock under the condition of a small amount of charge. The energy utilization rate of the charge in the hole is significantly improved.
3.煤岩深孔承压微爆装药少、强度低，减弱了炸药爆炸高能量对单孔的集中作用强度，有效降低了封孔材料的冲孔可能性，有利于围岩近区煤岩体的稳定。3. Coal and rock deep-hole pressure-bearing micro-explosion has less charge and low strength, which weakens the concentrated action strength of high-energy explosive explosion on a single hole, effectively reduces the possibility of punching holes in sealing materials, and is beneficial to surrounding rock near-area coal mines. rock stability.
4.采用深孔承压微爆技术，基于孔内固液耦合传爆介质的传载特性，有效降低了炸药爆炸超动载效应，扩大了煤岩体卸压增裂范围，充分实现了煤体内主、次导水裂隙的大空间、全方位贯通，有效弥补了探放钻孔初期打设时的盲目性。4. Adopting deep-hole pressure-bearing micro-explosion technology, based on the load-carrying characteristics of the solid-liquid coupling detonation transmission medium in the hole, it effectively reduces the super-dynamic load effect of explosive explosion, expands the range of pressure relief and cracking of coal and rock mass, and fully realizes the The large space and all-round penetration of the primary and secondary water-conducting fissures in the body effectively compensate for the blindness in the initial drilling of exploration and discharge drilling.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是煤岩深孔承压微爆注浆堵水剖面结构图。Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of water plugging by micro-explosion grouting in coal and rock deep holes.
图2是带有堵水注浆管的柔塑性快速封孔装置。Fig. 2 is a flexible plastic rapid hole sealing device with a water blocking grouting pipe.
图中：1-富水巷道，2-覆岩含水层，3-钻孔，4-主导水裂隙，5-次导水裂隙，6-钻孔注浆封孔段，7-带有堵水注浆管的快速封孔装置，8-堵水注浆管，9-柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置，10-环形平滑伞扣，11-侧向斜孔，12-环形凸角伞扣，13-双锥形管接头，14-注浆软管。In the figure: 1-water-rich roadway, 2-overlying rock aquifer, 3-drilling, 4-leading water fissure, 5-secondary water guiding fissure, 6-drilling hole grouting sealing section, 7-with water blocking Rapid hole sealing device for grouting pipe, 8-water plugging grouting pipe, 9-soft plastic rapid grouting sealing device, 10-ring smooth umbrella buckle, 11-lateral oblique hole, 12-ring convex angle umbrella buckle, 13-double tapered pipe joint, 14-grouting hose.
具体实施方式detailed description
以富水巷道1覆岩含水层2广域富水条件下的深孔承压微爆注浆堵水为例，开展钻孔3注浆封堵作业实现围岩主导水裂隙4和次导水裂隙5的广域全面封堵。结合附图对本发明作进一步描述：Taking the deep-hole pressurized micro-explosion grouting water plugging under the condition of water-rich roadway 1 overlying rock aquifer 2 and wide-area water-rich conditions as an example, the drilling 3 grouting plugging operation is carried out to realize the surrounding rock dominant water fissure 4 and secondary water conduction The wide area of fissure 5 is fully blocked. The present invention will be further described in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
如图1和图2所示，假定富水巷道1围岩钻孔3深度为25m，钻孔直径为100mm，设计钻孔注浆封孔段6长度为15m，布置上下两组钻孔3，相邻钻孔爆破段孔间距保持1～3m，选用固体炸药进行煤岩微爆增裂，并选用2MPa的矿井水作为传爆介质。As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, it is assumed that the depth of the drilling 3 in the surrounding rock of the water-rich roadway 1 is 25m, and the diameter of the drilling is 100mm. The hole spacing of adjacent drilling and blasting sections is kept at 1-3m. Solid explosives are used for micro-explosive cracking of coal and rock, and 2MPa mine water is used as the blasting medium.
采用深孔承压微爆方法，对爆破孔进行预先装药，并装设注液管(长度25m、外径10mm、内径6mm)和排气管(长度30m、外径10mm、内径6mm)，对于上仰钻孔，预先将排气管插入爆破钻孔底。孔内装药装设长度为2m，选定长度为19m的导爆索，将其一端插入预先做好防水的孔内装药内，再次做好套袋防水措施，塞入爆破孔内，并采用柔性安装管(长度20m，外径60mm，内径40mm)将炸药送至孔内预定位置，对于爆破孔内的最后一卷防水药卷捆绑注液管后，按照相同的装药方法送入爆破孔内。Using the deep hole pressure micro-explosion method, pre-charge the blasting hole, and install the liquid injection pipe (length 25m, outer diameter 10mm, inner diameter 6mm) and exhaust pipe (length 30m, outer diameter 10mm, inner diameter 6mm), For upward drilling, pre-insert the exhaust pipe into the bottom of the blast drilling. The charge installed in the hole has a length of 2m, and a detonating cord with a length of 19m is selected. The installation pipe (length 20m, outer diameter 60mm, inner diameter 40mm) sends the explosives to the predetermined position in the hole. After the last roll of waterproof powder in the blast hole is bundled with the injection pipe, it is sent into the blast hole according to the same charging method. .
为便于插管作业，本案例中带有堵水注浆管的快速封孔装置7选定的堵水注浆管8的口径为45mm，长度为25m，柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置9的口径为70mm，长度为18m。对于带有堵水注浆管的快速封孔装置7的安设，先将环形平滑伞扣10由装置末端套至末端侧向斜孔11位置以上；然后将堵水注浆8由柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置9的前端插入并由装置末端的侧向斜孔11引出0.5～1.0m；再将环形凸角伞扣12由堵水注浆管8的前端套入，塞进柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置9管内的前端；最后将组合完毕的完整装置塞入注浆孔内，并将装置末端的环形平滑伞扣10沿管壁推至距孔口0.2～0.5m的位置。In order to facilitate the intubation operation, the diameter of the water plugging and grouting tube 8 selected by the fast hole sealing device 7 with the water plugging and grouting tube in this case is 45mm, and the length is 25m. The caliber is 70mm and the length is 18m. For the installation of the fast hole sealing device 7 with a water blocking grouting pipe, the annular smooth umbrella buckle 10 is first set from the end of the device to above the position of the lateral inclined hole 11 at the end; The front end of the grouting sealing device 9 is inserted and drawn out from the lateral inclined hole 11 at the end of the device for 0.5 to 1.0 m; then the ring-shaped salient umbrella buckle 12 is inserted into the front end of the water blocking grouting pipe 8, and inserted into the flexible and fast Grouting the front end of the hole sealing device 9 pipe; finally insert the assembled complete device into the grouting hole, and push the annular smooth umbrella buckle 10 at the end of the device along the pipe wall to a position 0.2-0.5m away from the orifice.
通过双锥形管接头13连接柔塑性快速注浆封孔装置9和注浆软管14，开展多孔同步注浆封孔作业。待围岩封孔段浆液凝固后，开始对爆破孔注水、排气作业，当排气管有持续水流出时，关闭排气管的截止阀，注水管继续注水增压，同时绑定导爆索和雷管，待人员撤到安全地点后，引爆孔内装药。The flexible and plastic rapid grouting and sealing device 9 and the grouting hose 14 are connected through the double-tapered pipe joint 13, and the multi-hole synchronous grouting and sealing operation is carried out. After the grout in the sealing section of the surrounding rock is solidified, start to inject water into the blast hole and exhaust the air. When the exhaust pipe continues to flow out, close the stop valve of the exhaust pipe, continue to inject water into the water injection pipe, and bind the detonation Cable and detonator, after the personnel evacuate to a safe place, detonate the charge in the hole.
煤岩深孔承压微爆作业完成后，人工清理煤岩爆破环境，仔细检查煤岩钻孔封堵状况，对于微爆冲孔钻孔及时采取二次封堵，待封孔段浆液二次凝固后，采用双锥形管接头13将堵水注浆管8和注浆软管14连接，对煤岩体裂隙孔网和导水裂隙进行大空间、全方位的高压注浆封堵作业。After the coal and rock deep hole pressurized micro-blast operation is completed, the coal and rock blasting environment is manually cleaned, and the plugging status of the coal and rock drilling is carefully checked. After solidification, the water-blocking grouting pipe 8 and the grouting hose 14 are connected by a double-tapered pipe joint 13, and a large-space, all-round high-pressure grouting operation is performed on the coal and rock mass fissure hole network and water-conducting fissures.
应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All components that are not specified in this embodiment can be realized by existing technologies.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710183670.5ACN106761852B (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2017-03-24 | The underwater coal petrography deep hole pressure-bearing microexplosion grouting water blocking method of wide area |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710183670.5ACN106761852B (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2017-03-24 | The underwater coal petrography deep hole pressure-bearing microexplosion grouting water blocking method of wide area |
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| CN106761852Atrue CN106761852A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106761852B CN106761852B (en) | 2019-01-11 |
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| CN201710183670.5AExpired - Fee RelatedCN106761852B (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2017-03-24 | The underwater coal petrography deep hole pressure-bearing microexplosion grouting water blocking method of wide area |
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| CN (1) | CN106761852B (en) |
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| CN114017069A (en)* | 2021-12-08 | 2022-02-08 | 河北工程大学 | Experimental method for simulating and analyzing grouting particle accumulation effect of fractured rock mass |
| CN114440718A (en)* | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-06 | 淮北矿业股份有限公司 | Liquid explosive-based deep hole blasting residual explosion treatment method |
| CN114440718B (en)* | 2022-01-06 | 2024-04-19 | 淮北矿业股份有限公司 | Deep hole explosion residual explosion treatment method based on liquid explosive |
| CN114458234A (en)* | 2022-03-29 | 2022-05-10 | 嵩县金牛有限责任公司 | Water plugging construction method for underground aquifer rock mass tunneling |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106761852B (en) | 2019-01-11 |
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