技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种卫星通信组网系统及其工作方法。The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a satellite communication networking system and a working method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
卫星通信相比其他通信方式最大的优势为与距离无关，而且，基本不受地面环境限制，在某些领域有广泛的应用，如跨国集团管理、政府部门专网通信、大区域野外作业(矿产资源探测等)、军事通信等，而这些应用场景的特点就是分级管理，如总公司下设多个分公司、每个分公司下有设置多个子公司、每个子公司可能又有多个工程项目组，在跨区域、甚至跨国管理的时候，通过卫星通信网络实现每个节点之间的信息互通，网络拓扑关系如图1所示，在该系统中，每个位置节点都需要配置一个卫星通信设备终端节点，以完成位置节点之间的数据通信，但由于空间卫星、尤其是地球同步轨道卫星距离地面较远，无线传输链路信号衰减较大，在卫星通信网络建设过程中，需要进行严格的链路计算，针对实际业务传输要求，需配置对应的卫星通信站点设备。比如，总公司位置节点汇聚整个网络系统的信息数据量，需要占用较宽的物理带宽，而且该节点需要具备与系统内任意节点通信的能力，需要大口径天线配置；项目组位置节点一般只传输与本项目相关的信息，信息量较少，而且项目组一般在野外等环境恶劣的地方，基础设施落后，一般会限制卫星通信终端的配置能力，而采用小口径天线站点配置。Compared with other communication methods, the biggest advantage of satellite communication is that it has nothing to do with distance, and it is basically not restricted by the ground environment. Resource detection, etc.), military communications, etc., and these application scenarios are characterized by hierarchical management, such as the head office has multiple branches, each branch has multiple subsidiaries, and each subsidiary may have multiple engineering projects When cross-regional or even transnational management, the information exchange between each node is realized through the satellite communication network. The network topology relationship is shown in Figure 1. In this system, each location node needs to be configured with a satellite communication equipment terminal nodes to complete the data communication between position nodes, but because space satellites, especially geosynchronous orbit satellites, are far away from the ground, and the wireless transmission link signal attenuation is relatively large, in the process of satellite communication network construction, strict According to the actual business transmission requirements, the corresponding satellite communication site equipment needs to be configured. For example, the location node of the head office gathers the information data volume of the entire network system, which needs to occupy a wide physical bandwidth, and the node needs to have the ability to communicate with any node in the system, requiring a large-diameter antenna configuration; the project team location node generally only transmits The amount of information related to this project is relatively small, and the project team is generally in the field and other places with harsh environments, and the infrastructure is backward, which generally limits the configuration capabilities of satellite communication terminals, and adopts small-aperture antenna site configuration.
现有卫星通信网络系统一般采用“对等”通信设计，即处于同一级别的站点之间相互通信采用形状网络或网状网络拓扑结构，而不同级别的站点之间通过分级通信实现信息传输，如图1所示的通信场景中，所有分公司或者子公司的节点之间构成一个卫星通信网络，在该卫星通信网络中实现节点之间的数据传输，而其下面的项目组节点则归属相应的分/子公司，一般情况下，分/子公司只能与归属与自己的项目组节点通信。但是，当今随着传输数据业务类型的多样化，归属不同分/子公司下的项目组之间有时也需进行数据通信，而现有卫星网络是无法满足该要求的。The existing satellite communication network system generally adopts a "peer-to-peer" communication design, that is, the communication between stations at the same level adopts a shape network or mesh network topology, while stations at different levels realize information transmission through hierarchical communication, such as In the communication scenario shown in Figure 1, a satellite communication network is formed between the nodes of all branches or subsidiaries, and data transmission between nodes is realized in the satellite communication network, and the project group nodes below it belong to the corresponding Branches/subsidiaries, in general, branches/subsidiaries can only communicate with their own project group nodes. However, today, with the diversification of data transmission business types, data communication is sometimes required between project groups belonging to different branches/subsidiaries, and the existing satellite network cannot meet this requirement.
同时，随着网络技术的发展，“扁平化”是通信网络发展的主要趋势之一，即，信源与信宿之间减少处理节点，在现有卫星通信系统中，为了实现对不同卫星站点通信业务的管理，一般采用分级管理的模式，这样的网络结构效率低下，而且不够灵活，与“扁平化”的要求也相矛盾。At the same time, with the development of network technology, "flattening" is one of the main trends in the development of communication networks, that is, reducing processing nodes between the source and the sink. In the existing satellite communication system, in order to realize the communication between different satellite sites Business management generally adopts a hierarchical management model. Such a network structure is inefficient and not flexible enough, and it also contradicts the requirement of "flatness".
目前，卫星通信组网技术主要基于时分多址、频分多址和码分多址，典型的系统有TDM/MF-TDMA(时分复用/多频时分多址)、SCPC-DAMA(单路单载波按需分配多址)、TDMA-MESH(多频时分多址网络)、TDM/CDMA(时分复用码分多址)等几种类型。At present, satellite communication networking technology is mainly based on time division multiple access, frequency division multiple access and code division multiple access. Typical systems include TDM/MF-TDMA (time division multiplexing/multi-frequency time division multiple Single carrier on-demand allocation of multiple access), TDMA-MESH (multi-frequency time division multiple access network), TDM/CDMA (time division multiplexing code division multiple access) and other types.
TDM/MF-TDMA系统由一个大的TDM(时分多路复用)出向载波和若干频点的TDMA(时分多址)入向载波组成。主站点发射小站点接收的载波为出向载波，小站点发射主站点接收的载波为入向载波，它具有星型拓朴结构，系统的控制和传输都集中在主站点，网络内所有小站点只与主站点建立卫星链路，但小站点与小站点之间不建立直接卫星链路，小站点与小站点之间的通信需要经过主站点转发实现，适合组建建设以主站点为关口站点的卫星专网(接入网)，通过关口站点的转发，可以实现专网(接入网)与任何网络的互联互通，从而为专网用户，提供多样性的服务。TDM/MF-TDMA系统的优点是小站点成本低，维护管理简单，信道利用率高。TDM/MF-TDMA网络是使用最多，最成熟的卫星通信网络，缺点是小站点之间不能直接建立通信链路，需要通过主站点两跳转发，传输延时会增大，另外组网方式不够灵活，抗毁性较差，一旦主站点失效，整个网络瘫痪。TDMA/CDMA是一种有主站点的卫星星状网络。通过前向时分复用和反向扩频码分多址组网。它的网络结构与TDM/MF-TDMA网络类似，由一个较大的TDM出向载波和若干同频率CDMA载波叠加而成的入向载波组成。它与TDM/MF-TDMA的区别在于对小站点发送能力要求不高，适合小口径天线小站点。优点是小站点天线小，成本低，可有效抑制临星干扰，维护管理简单。缺点是频率利用率低，小站点回传速率低，可以支持的业务种类有限，而且不利于业务升级和系统扩展。The TDM/MF-TDMA system consists of a large TDM (Time Division Multiple Access) outgoing carrier and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) incoming carriers of several frequency points. The carrier transmitted by the main site and received by the small sites is the outbound carrier, and the carrier received by the main site transmitted by the small site is the inbound carrier. It has a star topology, and the control and transmission of the system are centralized at the main site. All small sites in the network only A satellite link is established with the main site, but no direct satellite link is established between small sites. The communication between small sites needs to be forwarded by the main site, which is suitable for the establishment of satellites with the main site as the gateway site The private network (access network), through the forwarding of the gateway site, can realize the interconnection between the private network (access network) and any network, so as to provide diversified services for the private network users. The advantage of the TDM/MF-TDMA system is that the cost of the small site is low, the maintenance and management are simple, and the channel utilization rate is high. TDM/MF-TDMA network is the most used and most mature satellite communication network. The disadvantage is that communication links cannot be directly established between small sites, and it needs to be forwarded by two hops through the main site, and the transmission delay will increase. Another networking method It is not flexible enough and has poor invulnerability. Once the main site fails, the entire network will be paralyzed. TDMA/CDMA is a satellite star network with a main site. Through forward time division multiplexing and reverse spread spectrum code division multiple access networking. Its network structure is similar to that of the TDM/MF-TDMA network, consisting of a larger TDM outgoing carrier and an incoming carrier formed by superimposing several CDMA carriers with the same frequency. It differs from TDM/MF-TDMA in that it does not require high transmission capability of small sites, and is suitable for small sites with small-caliber antennas. The advantage is that the antenna of the small site is small, the cost is low, it can effectively suppress the interference of adjacent satellites, and the maintenance and management are simple. The disadvantages are low frequency utilization, low return rate of small sites, limited types of services that can be supported, and it is not conducive to service upgrades and system expansion.
SCPC(单路单载波)是基于点对点通信技术的网络。SCPC技术与DAMA技术结合，可实现任意两个站点间的直接通信，另外，由主站点网管可实现动态SCPC，既dSCPC，根据用户申请实现频率资源按需动态分配，但这一般需要小站点和主站点配置专门网管通道设备和相应网管软件。SCPC的优点是每个站点独立占用一个载波，通信质量有保证，适用于应急通信。缺点是信道利用率低，网内所有站点不可能实时在线，不适合连网业务，不适用于接入系统。目前应急通信以及动中通系统大多使用SCPC方式。SCPC (Single Channel Single Carrier) is a network based on point-to-point communication technology. The combination of SCPC technology and DAMA technology can realize direct communication between any two sites. In addition, the network management of the main site can realize dynamic SCPC, that is, dSCPC, which can dynamically allocate frequency resources according to user requests, but this generally requires small sites and The main site is equipped with special network management channel equipment and corresponding network management software. The advantage of SCPC is that each site independently occupies a carrier, the communication quality is guaranteed, and it is suitable for emergency communication. The disadvantage is that the channel utilization rate is low, and it is impossible for all sites in the network to be online in real time, which is not suitable for networking services and access systems. At present, most emergency communication and communication systems in motion use the SCPC method.
TDMA MESH是一种无主站点的卫星网状网，通过时分复用和多频技术，支持卫星网中所有站点间的实时通信。卫星链路全部是一跳。TDMA-MESH优点是小站点和小站点可直接建设卫星链路，传输延时小，信道利用率高。缺点是技术复杂，所有站点都使用突发解调器，同时对站点型能力要求高，全网时钟同步要求高，设备成本也高。TDMA MESH is a satellite mesh network without a master site, which supports real-time communication between all sites in the satellite network through time division multiplexing and multi-frequency technology. Satellite links are all one hop. The advantage of TDMA-MESH is that small sites and small sites can directly build satellite links, with small transmission delay and high channel utilization. The disadvantage is that the technology is complex. All sites use burst demodulators. At the same time, they have high requirements for site-type capabilities, high requirements for network-wide clock synchronization, and high equipment costs.
单一拓扑网络结构的卫星通信网络一般针对单一传输业务而设计，缺点是不能承载复合传输业务，缺乏灵活性，整个系统的有效性比较低，尤其是面对当前更为灵活的业务传输需求，无法满足实际应用的需要。The satellite communication network with a single topology network structure is generally designed for a single transmission service. The disadvantage is that it cannot carry composite transmission services, lacks flexibility, and the effectiveness of the entire system is relatively low, especially in the face of the current more flexible service transmission requirements. meet the needs of practical applications.
星状网络结构的卫星通信网络中一般具有一个主站点节点，其最大的特点是通过提高主站点设备的复杂性，而降低其他小站点终端的设备要求，使得星状网络主要支持主站点与小站点之间的业务传输，小站点节点之间的业务传输一般需要通过主站点节点进行转发，如要实现小站点节点之间的直接数据传输，需要大大提高系统复杂度、以及成本。The satellite communication network of the star network structure generally has a main site node. Its biggest feature is that by increasing the complexity of the main site equipment, it reduces the equipment requirements of other small site terminals, so that the star network mainly supports the main site and the small site. The business transmission between sites and the business transmission between small site nodes generally needs to be forwarded by the main site node. To realize direct data transmission between small site nodes, the system complexity and cost need to be greatly increased.
网状结构的卫星通信网络一般是无主站点节点，各卫星站之间通过时分或者其他复用和多址接入技术实现各节点之间的业务数据传输，该网状结构尽管提高了整个网络的灵活性，但节点之间的传输容量受到一定限制，即无法支持大容量数据传输。The satellite communication network with a mesh structure generally has no main site nodes, and the service data transmission between each node is realized through time division or other multiplexing and multiple access technologies between satellite stations. Although the mesh structure improves the overall network flexibility, but the transmission capacity between nodes is limited, that is, it cannot support large-capacity data transmission.
点对点的卫星通信网络虽然可以满足大容量数据的传输要求，但其结构固定，应用场景比较单一。Although the point-to-point satellite communication network can meet the transmission requirements of large-capacity data, its structure is fixed and the application scenarios are relatively simple.
针对当前复杂传输业务的需要，现有方案网络管理采用分级模式，不同子网之间的业务数据传输仍然通过中间节点来转发，使得网络结构系统不仅复杂、而且技术要、成本和系统维护难度都较高。在整个网络结构系统中，各小站点终端为了防止多址接入过程中突发数据发生碰撞，尤其是在时分多址接入系统中，要求较为严格的网络同步。In view of the needs of the current complex transmission business, the network management of the existing solution adopts a hierarchical mode, and the business data transmission between different subnets is still forwarded through the intermediate nodes, which makes the network structure system not only complex, but also difficult in terms of technology, cost and system maintenance. higher. In the whole network structure system, in order to prevent burst data from colliding during the multiple access process, each small site terminal requires relatively strict network synchronization, especially in the time division multiple access system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足，提供一种卫星通信组网系统及其工作方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a satellite communication networking system and its working method in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
本发明提供一种卫星通信组网系统，包括：中心卫星主站、分布式中心卫星站、普通卫星站和小口径天线卫星站；The invention provides a satellite communication networking system, including: a central satellite master station, a distributed central satellite station, an ordinary satellite station and a small-caliber antenna satellite station;
所述中心卫星主站、分布式中心卫星站、普通卫星站相互之间通过异步时分多址网络进行通信；所述异步时分多址网络采用无中心、异步接入方式，前向链路采用时分复用的方式，所述异步时分多址网络适用于星形网络和网状网络拓扑结构组网形式；The central satellite master station, the distributed central satellite station, and the ordinary satellite stations communicate with each other through an asynchronous time division multiple access network; the asynchronous time division multiple access network adopts a centerless and asynchronous access mode, and the forward link adopts a Multiplexing, the asynchronous time division multiple access network is suitable for star network and mesh network topology networking forms;
所述小口径天线卫星站与所述中心卫星主站、分布式中心卫星站、普通卫星站之间通过小口径天线卫星站回传网络进行通信；所述小口径天线卫星站回传网络接收异步时分多址网络的前向载波数据，用于所述小口径天线卫星站的前向通信和高速大容量数据的接收，反向链路使用单独载波回传，所述反向链路支持码分多址、频分多址、时分多址网络实现多址接入。The small-aperture antenna satellite station communicates with the central satellite main station, distributed central satellite station, and ordinary satellite station through the small-aperture antenna satellite station backhaul network; the small-aperture antenna satellite station backhaul network receives asynchronous The forward carrier data of the time division multiple access network is used for the forward communication of the small-aperture antenna satellite station and the reception of high-speed and large-capacity data. The reverse link uses a separate carrier for backhaul, and the reverse link supports code division Multiple access, frequency division multiple access, time division multiple access network to achieve multiple access.
其中，所述中心卫星主站用于全网广播数据的下发、对整个系统进行管理、以及与所述系统内的各之间进行通信数据业务的传输；所述中心卫星主站配置大口径卫星天线，同时支持连续与突发两种数据通信模式。Among them, the central satellite master station is used for issuing broadcast data of the whole network, managing the entire system, and transmitting communication data services with each other in the system; the central satellite master station is configured with a large aperture The satellite antenna supports both continuous and burst data communication modes.
本发明又提供一种卫星通信组网系统的工作方法，包括：The present invention also provides a working method of a satellite communication networking system, comprising:
步骤A1：中心卫星主站启动后，发送参考时隙与接入竞争时隙，当接收到其他卫星站发送的入网申请消息时，将系统数据库中对应站点的状态标识设为激活状态；所述其他卫星站包括：分布式中心卫星站、普通卫星站、小口径天线卫星站；Step A1: After the central satellite master station is started, it sends the reference time slot and the access competition time slot, and when receiving the network access application message sent by other satellite stations, sets the status identifier of the corresponding station in the system database to the active state; Other satellite stations include: distributed central satellite stations, ordinary satellite stations, and small-aperture antenna satellite stations;
步骤A2：其他卫星站以参考时隙为基准通过接入竞争时隙向所述中心卫星主站发送业务数据传输申请消息，所述中心卫星主站根据业务申请消息的类型分配相应的时隙资源和频带资源，当业务数据传输结束后，所述中心卫星主站回收时隙资源和频带资源。Step A2: Other satellite stations send a service data transmission application message to the central satellite master station through the access competition time slot based on the reference time slot, and the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time slot resources according to the type of service application message and frequency band resources, when the service data transmission ends, the central satellite master station reclaims time slot resources and frequency band resources.
其中，所述中心卫星主站根据业务申请消息的类型分配相应的传输资源，包括：Wherein, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding transmission resources according to the type of service application message, including:
当分布式中心站点、普通站点之间进行业务数据传输申请，则中心卫星主站将为提出申请的站点分配相应的时分多址时隙资源；When applying for business data transmission between the distributed central site and ordinary sites, the central satellite master station will allocate corresponding time-division multiple access time slot resources to the site making the application;
当分布式中心站点、普通站点向小口径天线卫星站发送业务数据传输申请，则中心卫星主站将为分布式中心站点、普通站点分配相应的时分复用时隙资源；When distributed central sites and common sites send service data transmission applications to small-aperture antenna satellite stations, the central satellite master station will allocate corresponding time-division multiplexing time slot resources for distributed central sites and common sites;
当小口径天线卫星站提出向中心卫星主站、分布式中心站点、普通站点发送业务数据传输申请，则中心卫星主站将根据业务类型和申请要求分配独立频带资源。When the small-aperture antenna satellite station submits a service data transmission application to the central satellite master station, distributed central station, and ordinary station, the central satellite master station will allocate independent frequency band resources according to the business type and application requirements.
其中，所述步骤A1包括：Wherein, the step A1 includes:
所述中心卫星主站启动后，发送包括参考时隙和接入竞争时隙；After the central satellite master station is started, the transmission includes reference time slots and access contention time slots;
其他卫星站接收所述中心卫星主站发送的参考时隙和接入竞争时隙，根据参考时隙调整设备参数；Other satellite stations receive the reference time slots and access contention time slots sent by the central satellite master station, and adjust equipment parameters according to the reference time slots;
其他卫星站以所述参考时隙为基准，通过所述接入竞争时隙向所述中心卫星主站发送入网申请消息；Other satellite stations send a network access application message to the central satellite master station through the access competition time slot based on the reference time slot;
当所述中心卫星主站接收到正确的入网申请消息时，将数据库中对应站点的状态标识设为在线激活，并给其他卫星站返回入网申请成功信息。When the central satellite master station receives the correct network access application message, it sets the status identification of the corresponding station in the database as online activation, and returns the network access application success information to other satellite stations.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明技术方案采用“时分复用”方式，中心卫星主站调整参考时隙的长度和发送时刻，进而主动调整全网内各卫星站之间的时钟误差值，使得全网并不需要严格的时钟同步；不同类型业务数据传输的时隙长度相同，为不同业务量分配不同个数的时隙；该系统包括的两个子网络之间能够无缝融合，比如，分布式中心站点与小口径天线卫星站可直接通信，不需要中间站点转发，既实现网络的分区/分级管理，也实现了整个网络的“扁平化”优化，大大提高了整个系统的效率；系统实现了不同通信能力的站点组网进行通信，而且能够根据传输业务数据的变化而对系统资源进行动态调整管理，尤其是针对跨区域、多分枝、分级管理的集团公司、政府部门的卫星通信需求，该方案在灵活性、便利性、以及高效性等方面具有创新性优势。The technical scheme of the present invention adopts the "time division multiplexing" method, the central satellite master station adjusts the length of the reference time slot and the transmission time, and then actively adjusts the clock error value between the satellite stations in the whole network, so that the whole network does not need strict Clock synchronization; the time slots for different types of business data transmission have the same length, and different numbers of time slots are allocated for different business volumes; the two sub-networks included in the system can be seamlessly integrated, for example, distributed central sites and small-aperture antennas The satellite station can communicate directly without intermediate station forwarding, which not only realizes the partition/level management of the network, but also realizes the "flattening" optimization of the entire network, which greatly improves the efficiency of the entire system; the system realizes the grouping of stations with different communication capabilities Network for communication, and can dynamically adjust and manage system resources according to changes in transmission business data, especially for the satellite communication needs of group companies and government departments that are cross-regional, multi-branched, and hierarchically managed. This solution is flexible and convenient. It has innovative advantages in terms of safety and efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为现有技术中的通信场景示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication scenario in the prior art;
图2为本发明实施例一提供的一种卫星通信组网系统结构图；FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a satellite communication networking system provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例二提供的一种卫星通信组网系统的业务流程图；FIG. 3 is a business flow chart of a satellite communication networking system provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例三提供的一种卫星通信组网系统的工作方法流程图。FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a working method of a satellite communication networking system provided by Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例一Embodiment one
本发明实施例一提供一种卫星通信组网系统，如图2所示，包括：中心卫星主站、分布式中心卫星站、普通卫星站、小口径天线卫星站，中心卫星主站、分布式中心卫星站、普通卫星站站点相互之间通过异步时分多址网络进行通信；异步时分多址(TDMA)网络通过各卫星站之间的优先级高低进行数据通信和高速大容量数据分发，为骨干传输链路，站点类型包括地面固定站点、大口径车载站点等。异步时分多址网络采用无中心、异步接入方式，前向链路采用时分复用的方式，异步时分多址网络适用于星形网络和网状网络拓扑结构组网形式。小口径天线卫星站分别与中心卫星主站、分布式中心卫星站、普通固定卫星站之间通过小口径天线卫星站回传网络进行通信；小口径天线卫星站回传网络接收异步时分多址网络的前向载波数据，用于小口径天线卫星站的前向通信和高速大容量数据的接收，反向链路使用单独载波回传，反向链路支持码分多址、频分多址、时分多址网络实现多址接入。Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a satellite communication networking system, as shown in Figure 2, including: a central satellite master station, a distributed central satellite station, an ordinary satellite station, a small-caliber antenna satellite station, a central satellite master station, a distributed The central satellite station and ordinary satellite stations communicate with each other through the asynchronous time division multiple access network; the asynchronous time division multiple access (TDMA) network performs data communication and high-speed and large-capacity data distribution through the priority of each satellite station, which is the backbone Transmission links, site types include ground fixed sites, large-diameter vehicle-mounted sites, etc. The asynchronous time division multiple access network adopts a centerless and asynchronous access mode, and the forward link adopts a time division multiplexing mode. The asynchronous time division multiple access network is suitable for star network and mesh network topology networking forms. The small-aperture antenna satellite station communicates with the central satellite main station, distributed central satellite station, and ordinary fixed satellite station through the small-aperture antenna satellite station backhaul network; the small-aperture antenna satellite station backhaul network receives asynchronous time-division multiple access network The forward carrier data is used for the forward communication of the small-caliber antenna satellite station and the reception of high-speed and large-capacity data. The reverse link uses a separate carrier for backhaul. The reverse link supports code division multiple access, frequency division multiple access, Time division multiple access network realizes multiple access.
各个站点的设备配置如下：The equipment configuration of each site is as follows:
在该系统中具有一个中心卫星主站，中心卫星主站能与该系统内所有站点进行数据通信，其主要作用是全网广播数据的下发、对整个系统进行管理、以及与系统内的各卫星站之间进行通信数据业务的传输，中心卫星主站配置大口径卫星天线，支持多种速率数据的传输，同时支持连续与突发两种数据通信模式，该站点配置完备的网络管理功能模块，一般设置在网络系统的最高级；There is a central satellite master station in the system, which can communicate data with all stations in the system. Communication data services are transmitted between satellite stations. The central satellite master station is equipped with a large-caliber satellite antenna, which supports data transmission at multiple rates, and supports both continuous and burst data communication modes. The site is equipped with a complete network management function module , generally set at the highest level of the network system;
在该系统中分布式中心卫星站可包括分布式固定卫星站和分布式移动卫星站，其中分布式固定卫星站可与该系统内的所有站点进行通信。在本系统中，其主要角色为负责某一区域内多个通信站点之间的数据传输，因此，分布式固定卫星站一般布置在目的性较强的区域内。分布式移动卫星站在整个系统中的角色与分布式固定卫星站相似，只是针对不同的应用环境，分布式移动卫星站通过车载方式，可以实现移动，在多个不同的地理环境下与系统中的其他卫星站进行通信，而分布式固定卫星站则只能固定在某一地点。In the system, the distributed central satellite station may include distributed fixed satellite stations and distributed mobile satellite stations, wherein the distributed fixed satellite stations can communicate with all stations in the system. In this system, its main role is to be responsible for the data transmission between multiple communication stations in a certain area. Therefore, distributed fixed satellite stations are generally arranged in areas with strong purpose. The role of the distributed mobile satellite station in the entire system is similar to that of the distributed fixed satellite station, but for different application environments, the distributed mobile satellite station can be moved through the vehicle, and it can be used in multiple different geographical environments and in the system Communication with other satellite stations, while distributed fixed satellite stations can only be fixed at a certain location.
普通卫星站包括普通固定卫星站和普通中通车载卫星站，其中普通固定卫星站为整个系统中最主要的应用通信站点，数量最多，同时承担全系统主要的数据业务传输任务，同样，该普通固定卫星站也可与系统内的其他卫星站进行数据通信，但其主要与分布式中心卫星站进行数据通信。普通中通车载卫星站在整个系统中的角色与功能与普通固定卫星站类似，只是普通中通车载卫星站是可移动的，而普通固定卫星站是固定的。Ordinary satellite stations include ordinary fixed satellite stations and ordinary Zhongtong vehicle-mounted satellite stations. Among them, ordinary fixed satellite stations are the most important application communication stations in the entire system, with the largest number, and at the same time undertake the main data service transmission tasks of the entire system. Similarly, the ordinary Fixed satellite stations can also communicate with other satellite stations in the system, but they mainly communicate with distributed central satellite stations. The roles and functions of ordinary Zhongtong vehicle-mounted satellite stations in the entire system are similar to those of ordinary fixed satellite stations, except that ordinary Zhongtong vehicle-mounted satellite stations are mobile, while ordinary fixed satellite stations are fixed.
小口径天线卫星站在整个系统中属于最基本的通信站点，它具有设备结构简单，生存能力强的特点。其相当于图1卫星通信应用场景中的“项目组”站点，数量最多，需要通信的数据量较少，站点类型包括便携卫星站点、小口径车/机载卫星站点等。The small-aperture antenna satellite station is the most basic communication station in the whole system. It has the characteristics of simple equipment structure and strong survivability. It is equivalent to the "project team" site in the satellite communication application scenario in Figure 1. It has the largest number and requires less data communication. The site types include portable satellite sites, small-caliber vehicle/airborne satellite sites, etc.
如图2所示，在本系统中，中心卫星主站、分布式站点、以及普通站点构成一个无中心的异步TDMA(时分多址)网络，其特点是该网络内的各卫星站之间可以互联互通，数据传输速率较高，同时具备与小口径天线卫星站之间的通信能力。该网络内各卫星站链路采用相同频率的频谱资源，通过时分多址接入方式解决发送数据冲突问题，而发送至小口径天线卫星站的数据则通过时分复用的方式来实现。在该网络中，中心卫星主站具备与系统内能力最弱的站点进行通信的能力。As shown in Figure 2, in this system, the central satellite master station, distributed stations, and common stations constitute a centerless asynchronous TDMA (time division multiple access) network, which is characterized in that each satellite station in the network can Interconnection, high data transmission rate, and communication capabilities with small-aperture antenna satellite stations. The links of each satellite station in the network use the same frequency spectrum resources, and the problem of sending data conflicts is solved through time-division multiple access, while the data sent to small-aperture antenna satellite stations is realized through time-division multiplexing. In this network, the central satellite master station has the ability to communicate with the least capable stations in the system.
小口径天线卫星站可以接收本系统内所有中心站点和普通站点发送的数据，而反向链路则支持通过多种多址接入方式实现数据回传，根据回传数据量的大小，决定选用的多址接入方式，一般情况下小口径天线卫星站只向所属中心卫星站或普通卫星站发送回传数据。The small-aperture antenna satellite station can receive the data sent by all central sites and ordinary sites in the system, while the reverse link supports data return through multiple multiple access methods. According to the size of the returned data, it is decided to choose In general, the small-aperture antenna satellite station only sends backhaul data to the central satellite station or ordinary satellite station to which it belongs.
本实施例的系统是网状网和星形网混合网络，通过将大数据广播下发和指挥通信合并到一个载波下，可以充分利用下行频带资源，解调门限低，解调同步快，在异步突发通信中，有效利用时隙资源；抗频偏能力强，适用于窄带通信；支持甚小口径天线卫星站以及便携站点回传；可调整扩频方式，防止临星干扰，平衡功率带宽比。异步时分多址网络为高速数据分发网，有效利用卫星资源，实现分布式高速数据上传和高速数据分发，速率最高可达60Mbps；多模式动态反向回传通道，可实现小口径天线接入，支持不同口径天线分组接入方式，有效保证资源利用率和系统可靠性；实现动态用户分区切换，支持跨中心组网通信。The system in this embodiment is a mixed network of mesh network and star network. By combining the big data broadcast delivery and command communication into one carrier, the downlink frequency band resources can be fully utilized, the demodulation threshold is low, and the demodulation synchronization is fast. In asynchronous burst communication, time slot resources are effectively used; strong anti-frequency offset capability, suitable for narrowband communication; support very small aperture antenna satellite station and portable station backhaul; adjustable spread spectrum mode, prevent adjacent satellite interference, and balance power bandwidth Compare. The asynchronous time division multiple access network is a high-speed data distribution network, which effectively utilizes satellite resources to realize distributed high-speed data upload and high-speed data distribution, and the rate can reach up to 60Mbps; the multi-mode dynamic reverse return channel can realize small-caliber antenna access, Support group access of antennas with different calibers to effectively ensure resource utilization and system reliability; realize dynamic user partition switching and support cross-center network communication.
实施例二Embodiment two
本发明实施例二提供一种卫星通信组网系统的业务流程如图3所示，包括：Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a service flow of a satellite communication networking system as shown in FIG. 3 , including:
本系统包括两个子网络，即异步无中心时分多址网络和小口径天线卫星站回传网络，异步无中心时分多址网络前向链路采用时分复用的方式，所有不同类型的站点共用一个载波，通过不同的时隙划分防止站点前向链路发送数据发生碰撞。在该系统中，中心卫星主站具有前向链路的时隙分配与管理功能，对时隙资源进行动态分配，即根据每个子网内的卫星站点通信速率要求不同而分配不同的时隙资源。The system includes two sub-networks, namely, the asynchronous centerless TDMA network and the small-aperture antenna satellite station backhaul network. Carriers are divided into different time slots to prevent collisions of data sent by stations to the forward link. In this system, the central satellite master station has the time slot allocation and management function of the forward link, and dynamically allocates time slot resources, that is, allocates different time slot resources according to the different communication rate requirements of satellite sites in each subnet .
本系统中的时隙类型分为四种，初始参考时隙、接入竞争时隙、双向时分多址时隙和前向时分复用时隙，整个时隙周期长度为560ms。There are four types of time slots in this system, initial reference time slots, access contention time slots, bidirectional time division multiple access time slots and forward time division multiplexing time slots, and the length of the entire time slot cycle is 560ms.
参考时隙：一个完整时隙周期的开始标志，由中心卫星主站发送，作为整个时隙结构的起始参考。其他卫星站通过接收参考时隙校准自己的发送时隙时刻，另外，参考时隙中还包括小站点的网控信息、时隙分配以及站点状态信息，每个时隙周期内只有一个参考时隙；Reference time slot: the start sign of a complete time slot cycle, sent by the central satellite master station, as the starting reference of the entire time slot structure. Other satellite stations calibrate their sending time slots by receiving reference time slots. In addition, the reference time slots also include network control information, time slot allocation and station status information of small stations. There is only one reference time slot in each time slot cycle ;
接入竞争时隙：用于站点设备开机后入网申请和数据传输的业务申请，每个周期内只有一个接入竞争时隙；Access competition time slot: used for network access application and data transmission service application after the site equipment is turned on, there is only one access competition time slot in each cycle;
时分多址时隙：用于中心卫星主站和其他普通站点发送突发数据，从而构成一个无中心的网状网络，在本系统中一个完整时隙周期最多包含不超过180个时分多址时隙；Time-division multiple access time slot: used for the central satellite master station and other common stations to send burst data, thus forming a centerless mesh network. In this system, a complete time slot cycle contains no more than 180 time-division multiple access time slots. gap;
时分复用时隙：用于中心卫星主站向小口径天线卫星站点发送数据，在本系统中一个完整时隙周期最多包含不超过20个时分复用时隙。Time-division multiplexing time slot: used for the central satellite master station to send data to the small-aperture antenna satellite site. In this system, a complete time-slot cycle contains no more than 20 time-division multiplexing time slots.
实施例三Embodiment three
本发明实施例三提供一种卫星通信组网系统的工作方法，中心卫星主站为该系统的核心，管理控制着整个网络，而且能够与系统内每个站点实现直接数据传输，中心卫星主站管理与分配全网前向时隙资源，接收每个站点的入网申请突发时隙数据和业务传输资源申请突发数据，并且根据全网资源状态，动态分配时隙资源和频谱资源。Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a working method of a satellite communication networking system. The central satellite master station is the core of the system, manages and controls the entire network, and can realize direct data transmission with each station in the system. The central satellite master station Manage and allocate network-wide forward time slot resources, receive network access application burst time slot data and service transmission resource application burst data from each site, and dynamically allocate time slot resources and spectrum resources according to the resource status of the entire network.
如图4所示，本实施例的方法包括：As shown in Figure 4, the method of this embodiment includes:
步骤A1：中心卫星主站启动后，发送参考时隙与接入竞争时隙，当接收到其他卫星站发送的入网申请消息时，将系统数据库中对应站点的状态标识设为激活状态；其他卫星站包括：分布式中心卫星站、普通卫星站、小口径天线卫星站；Step A1: After the central satellite master station is started, it sends the reference time slot and the access competition time slot. When receiving the network access application message sent by other satellite stations, it sets the status identifier of the corresponding station in the system database to the active state; other satellite stations Stations include: distributed central satellite stations, ordinary satellite stations, and small-aperture antenna satellite stations;
具体的，步骤A1包括：Specifically, step A1 includes:
中心卫星主站启动后，发送包括参考时隙和接入竞争时隙；After the central satellite master station is started, the transmission includes reference time slots and access competition time slots;
其他卫星站接收中心卫星主站发送的参考时隙和接入竞争时隙，根据参考时隙调整设备参数；Other satellite stations receive the reference time slot and access competition time slot sent by the central satellite master station, and adjust the equipment parameters according to the reference time slot;
其他卫星站以参考时隙为基准，通过接入竞争时隙向中心卫星主站发送入网申请消息；Based on the reference time slot, other satellite stations send a network access application message to the central satellite master station through the access competition time slot;
当中心卫星主站接收到正确的入网申请消息时，将数据库中对应站点的状态标识设为在线激活，并给其他卫星站返回入网申请成功信息；When the central satellite master station receives the correct network access application message, it sets the status identification of the corresponding site in the database as online activation, and returns the network access application success information to other satellite stations;
步骤A2：其他卫星站以参考时隙为基准通过接入竞争时隙向中心卫星主站发送业务数据传输申请消息，中心卫星主站根据业务申请消息的类型分配相应的时隙资源和频带资源，当业务数据传输结束后，中心卫星主站回收时隙资源和频带资源。Step A2: Other satellite stations send a service data transmission application message to the central satellite master station through the access competition time slot based on the reference time slot, and the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time slot resources and frequency band resources according to the type of service application message, After the service data transmission is over, the central satellite master station reclaims time slot resources and frequency band resources.
在本实施例中，中心卫星主站根据业务申请消息的类型分配相应的时隙资源和频带资源，具体包括：In this embodiment, the central satellite master station allocates corresponding time slot resources and frequency band resources according to the type of service application message, specifically including:
当分布式中心站点、普通站点之间进行业务数据传输申请，则中心卫星主站将为提出申请的站点分配相应的时分多址时隙资源；When applying for business data transmission between the distributed central site and ordinary sites, the central satellite master station will allocate corresponding time-division multiple access time slot resources to the site making the application;
当分布式中心站点、普通站点向小口径天线卫星站发送业务数据传输申请，则中心卫星主站将为分布式中心站点、普通站点分配相应的时分复用时隙资源；When distributed central sites and common sites send service data transmission applications to small-aperture antenna satellite stations, the central satellite master station will allocate corresponding time-division multiplexing time slot resources for distributed central sites and common sites;
当小口径天线卫星站提出向中心卫星主站、分布式中心站点、普通站点发送业务数据传输申请，则中心卫星主站将根据业务类型和申请要求分配独立频带资源；When the small-aperture antenna satellite station submits a service data transmission application to the central satellite master station, distributed central station, and ordinary station, the central satellite master station will allocate independent frequency band resources according to the business type and application requirements;
本系统中，小口径天线卫星站点之间不能直接进行数据通。In this system, data communication cannot be directly carried out between small aperture antenna satellite sites.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明公开的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any changes or variations that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN201910735707.XACN110572199B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | Satellite communication networking system and working method thereof |
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| CN201710072863.3ACN106685517B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | A satellite communication networking system and its working method |
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| CN201910735707.XAActiveCN110572199B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | Satellite communication networking system and working method thereof |
| CN201710072863.3AActiveCN106685517B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | A satellite communication networking system and its working method |
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| CN201910735707.XAActiveCN110572199B (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2017-02-10 | Satellite communication networking system and working method thereof |
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| CN108282218B (en)* | 2018-01-31 | 2020-06-19 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Networking planning method for satellite communication network |
| CN108282218A (en)* | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-13 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Networking planning method for satellite communication network |
| CN110401504A (en)* | 2019-05-21 | 2019-11-01 | 广州天链通信科技有限公司 | A kind of satellite communication system method for synchronizing time based on TDMA |
| CN110650481B (en)* | 2019-09-19 | 2022-10-21 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Joint distribution method for uplink power and time slot of multi-beam MF-TDMA cognitive satellite network |
| CN110650481A (en)* | 2019-09-19 | 2020-01-03 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Joint distribution method for uplink power and time slot of multi-beam MF-TDMA cognitive satellite network |
| CN110636002B (en)* | 2019-10-15 | 2020-08-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Time Division-Based Maximum Flow Routing Method for Transceiver Confined Spatial Information Networks |
| CN110636002A (en)* | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Time Division Based Maximum Flow Routing Method for Transceiver Constrained Spatial Information Networks |
| CN111200458A (en)* | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-26 | 四川安迪科技实业有限公司 | Automatic control method and system based on satellite link communication power and modulation mode |
| CN111200458B (en)* | 2020-01-06 | 2022-02-18 | 四川安迪科技实业有限公司 | Automatic control method and system based on satellite link communication power and modulation mode |
| CN113315565A (en)* | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-27 | 亚太卫星宽带通信（深圳）有限公司 | Multi-beam high-flux satellite forward link power band balancing system |
| CN113315565B (en)* | 2021-05-07 | 2022-05-31 | 亚太卫星宽带通信（深圳）有限公司 | Multi-beam high-flux satellite forward link power band balancing system |
| CN113644962A (en)* | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-12 | 南京控维通信科技有限公司 | Low-speed non-real-time satellite internet of things terminal data returning method and system |
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| CN113993212A (en)* | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-28 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Networking method of scattering communication, central station, peripheral station and scattering communication system |
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| CN114978294A (en)* | 2022-07-29 | 2022-08-30 | 成都星联芯通科技有限公司 | Power adjustment method and device, master station equipment and small station equipment |
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