【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池充电方法和装置。The invention relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery charging method and device.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
随着现代科技技术的不断提升，人们对于电子产品的依赖度越来越高，作为为电子产品提供电能的电池，如何提高电池单位体积的能量密度和充电速度越来越受到重视。With the continuous improvement of modern technology, people are more and more dependent on electronic products. As a battery that provides electrical energy for electronic products, how to improve the energy density and charging speed per unit volume of the battery has attracted more and more attention.
对于电池的充电来说，现有技术中的最常见的充电方法为：先以恒定电流充电直至电池达到一定的电压，再以恒定电压进行充电直至达到充电至截止电流为止。采用这种方式进行充电，若要提高充电速度(即缩短充电时长)，就需要采用较大的恒定电流为电池进行充电，但随之而来的问题是，电池的充电电流越大，电池的安全性越低。以锂离子电池为例，在使用较大恒定电流对锂离子电池充电时，阳极电位由于较大的欧姆极化和浓差极化，阳极电位会迅速下降，当阳极电位降低到一定程度后，会导致电池中的锂离子在阳极表面被还原为金属锂，并且随着恒流充电的充电时长的增大，被还原的金属锂会越来越多，并以枝状结晶的形式变大，当枝状结晶增长到一定程度后，会刺破电池中的隔膜，导致电池发生短路。因此，在现有技术中，提高电池充电速度的方式的安全性较低。For charging the battery, the most common charging method in the prior art is: first charge with a constant current until the battery reaches a certain voltage, and then charge with a constant voltage until it reaches the cut-off current. Using this method for charging, if you want to increase the charging speed (that is, shorten the charging time), you need to use a larger constant current to charge the battery, but the problem that follows is that the greater the charging current of the battery, the greater the battery life. The lower the security. Taking a lithium-ion battery as an example, when a large constant current is used to charge a lithium-ion battery, the anode potential will drop rapidly due to the large ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. When the anode potential drops to a certain level, It will cause the lithium ions in the battery to be reduced to metal lithium on the surface of the anode, and as the charging time of constant current charging increases, the reduced metal lithium will become more and more large in the form of dendrites, When the dendrite grows to a certain extent, it will pierce the separator in the battery, causing the battery to short circuit. Therefore, in the prior art, the way of increasing the charging speed of the battery is less safe.
【发明内容】【Content of invention】
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种电池充电方法和装置，用以解决现有技术中提高电池充电速度的方式的安全性较低的问题。In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention provide a battery charging method and device, which are used to solve the problem of low security in the way of increasing the charging speed of the battery in the prior art.
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电池充电方法，包括：In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for charging a battery, including:
对所述电池进行至少一次脉冲充电，直到所述电池的电压值达到指定电压值时，停止对所述电池进行脉冲充电；以及，对所述电池进行恒压充电，直到所述电池的充电电流的电流值达到指定电流值时，停止对所述电池进行恒压充电；Perform pulse charging on the battery at least once until the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value, stop pulse charging the battery; and perform constant voltage charging on the battery until the charging current of the battery When the current value reaches the specified current value, stop charging the battery at a constant voltage;
其中，每次所述脉冲充电包括：Wherein, each said pulse charging includes:
使用第一恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电；charging the battery with a constant current using a first constant current;
使用第二恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流放电；performing constant current discharge on the battery using a second constant current;
使用第三恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电。A third constant current is used to charge the battery with a constant current.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，各次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第一恒定电流相同，且每次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第一恒定电流大于或者等于0.2C，且小于或者等于3C。According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, the first constant current used for each pulse charging is the same, and the first constant current used for each pulse charging A constant current is greater than or equal to 0.2C and less than or equal to 3C.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，在各次所述脉冲充电中，使用所述第一恒定电流进行充电时所使用的充电时长相同，且该充电时长大于或者等于0.1s，且小于或者等于30s。According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, in each of the pulse charging, the charging duration used for charging with the first constant current is the same, and the charging duration is Greater than or equal to 0.1s, and less than or equal to 30s.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，各次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第二恒定电流相同，且每次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第二恒定电流大于或者等于0C，且小于或者等于1C。According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, the second constant current used for each pulse charging is the same, and the second constant current used for each pulse charging 2. The constant current is greater than or equal to 0C and less than or equal to 1C.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，在各次所述脉冲充电中，使用所述第二恒定电流进行放电时所使用的放电时长相同，且该放电时长大于或者等于0.01s，且小于或者等于5s。According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, in each of the pulse charging, the discharge duration used when discharging with the second constant current is the same, and the discharge duration is Greater than or equal to 0.01s, and less than or equal to 5s.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，各次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第三恒定电流相同，且每次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第三恒定电流大于或者等于0.01C，且小于或者等于0.5C。According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, the third constant current used in each pulse charging is the same, and the third constant current used in each pulse charging Three constant currents greater than or equal to 0.01C and less than or equal to 0.5C.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，在各次所述脉冲充电中，使用所述第三恒定电流进行充电时所使用的充电时长相同，且该充电时长大于或者等于0.01s，且小于或者等于5s。According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, in each of the pulse charging, the charging duration used for charging with the third constant current is the same, and the charging duration is Greater than or equal to 0.01s, and less than or equal to 5s.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，在所述对所述电池进行脉冲充电之前，还包括：According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, before performing pulse charging on the battery, it further includes:
获取所述电池当前的电压值；Obtain the current voltage value of the battery;
判断所述当前的电压值是否小于所述指定电压值；judging whether the current voltage value is less than the specified voltage value;
当所述当前的电压值小于所述指定电压值时，开始执行对所述电池进行脉冲充电的操作。When the current voltage value is lower than the specified voltage value, the operation of performing pulse charging on the battery is started.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，还包括：According to the above aspects and any possible implementation, an implementation is further provided, which also includes:
当所述当前的电压值等于所述指定电压值时，对所述电池进行恒压充电，直到所述电池的充电电流的电流值达到所述指定电流值时，停止对所述电池进行恒压充电。When the current voltage value is equal to the specified voltage value, perform constant voltage charging on the battery until the current value of the charging current of the battery reaches the specified current value, stop performing constant voltage on the battery Charge.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述对所述电池进行恒压充电，包括：According to the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, the charging the battery at a constant voltage includes:
使用所述指定电压值对应的电压对所述电池进行恒压充电。The battery is charged at a constant voltage using the voltage corresponding to the specified voltage value.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述指定电压值包括所述电池的截止电压对应的电压值。According to the foregoing aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, wherein the specified voltage value includes a voltage value corresponding to the cut-off voltage of the battery.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述指定电流值大于或者等于0.01C，且小于或者等于0.1C。According to the foregoing aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, the specified current value is greater than or equal to 0.01C and less than or equal to 0.1C.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述方法应用于电池充电器、电池适配器、电池控制电路或芯片中。According to the foregoing aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, wherein the method is applied to a battery charger, a battery adapter, a battery control circuit or a chip.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述电池包括：According to the above aspect and any possible implementation, an implementation is further provided, the battery includes:
锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池。Lithium ion, lithium metal, lead acid, nickel separator, nickel metal hydride, lithium sulfur, lithium air, or sodium ion.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述电池应用于终端、可穿戴设备、电动工具、移动电源、无人机、电动车或电动汽车中。According to the foregoing aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, wherein the battery is applied in a terminal, a wearable device, an electric tool, a mobile power supply, a drone, an electric vehicle or an electric vehicle.
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案具有如下有益效果：One of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects:
在本发明实施例中，在对电池进行充电时使用脉冲充电，且每次脉冲充电的方式为先使用第一恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电，然后再使用第二恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流放电，最后再使用第三恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电；其中，对电池进行至少一次脉冲充电，直至电池的电压值达到指定电压值为止，在使用上述脉冲充电的方式为电池充电时，使用第一恒定电流为电池充电是为了提高电池的充电速度。使用第二恒定电流为电池放电，来升高电池的阳极电位，减少析锂，以及，使阳极表面的金属锂转换为锂离子，进而使得阳极表面在生成金属锂后，也不会出现枝状结晶增长的情况，提高了电池快速充电时的安全性。使用第三恒定电流为电池充电是为了让阳极电位在变化较小的情况下，继续为电池进行补充充电，达到快速充电的目的；以及，在减少析锂的前提下，使电池的电压能够达到指定电压；另外，由于使用第一恒定电流为电池快速充电，会对电池中的阳极界面保护膜(SEI)造成损伤，使用第三次恒定电流为电池充电可以对该损伤进行修复，延长了电池的使用寿命。因此，本发明提供的技术方案，可以在提高充电速度的情况下，减少电池的阳极表面产生的金属锂，且可以不断修复阳极界面保护膜(SEI)，提高了为电池进行快速充电时的安全性，同时延长了循环寿命，且当电池的电压达到在指定电压后，对电池进行恒压充电，以保证达到电池的额定容量，即保证电池可以充满电。In the embodiment of the present invention, pulse charging is used when charging the battery, and the method of each pulse charging is to first use the first constant current to charge the battery with a constant current, and then use the second constant current to charge the battery with a second constant current. The battery is discharged at a constant current, and finally the battery is charged at a constant current with a third constant current; wherein, the battery is charged at least once by a pulse until the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value. When charging the battery, the purpose of using the first constant current to charge the battery is to increase the charging speed of the battery. Use the second constant current to discharge the battery to increase the anode potential of the battery, reduce lithium precipitation, and convert the metal lithium on the anode surface into lithium ions, so that no dendrites will appear on the anode surface after metal lithium is generated The growth of crystals improves the safety of the battery during rapid charging. The purpose of using the third constant current to charge the battery is to continue to supplement the battery with a small change in the anode potential to achieve the purpose of fast charging; Specify the voltage; in addition, due to using the first constant current to charge the battery quickly, it will cause damage to the anode interface protection film (SEI) in the battery, and using the third constant current to charge the battery can repair the damage, prolonging the life of the battery. service life. Therefore, the technical solution provided by the present invention can reduce the metal lithium produced on the anode surface of the battery while increasing the charging speed, and can continuously repair the anode interface protective film (SEI), improving the safety when the battery is quickly charged At the same time, the cycle life is prolonged, and when the voltage of the battery reaches the specified voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage to ensure that the rated capacity of the battery is reached, that is, to ensure that the battery can be fully charged.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电池充电装置，包括：In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery charging device, including:
脉冲充电单元，用于对所述电池进行至少一次脉冲充电，直到所述电池的电压值达到指定电压值时，停止对所述电池进行脉冲充电；a pulse charging unit, configured to perform pulse charging on the battery at least once, and stop performing pulse charging on the battery until the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value;
恒压充电单元，用于对所述电池进行恒压充电，直到所述电池的充电电流的电流值达到指定电流值时，停止对所述电池进行恒压充电；A constant voltage charging unit, configured to charge the battery at a constant voltage, and stop charging the battery at a constant voltage until the current value of the charging current of the battery reaches a specified current value;
其中，每次所述脉冲充电包括：Wherein, each said pulse charging includes:
使用第一恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电；charging the battery with a constant current using a first constant current;
使用第二恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流放电；performing constant current discharge on the battery using a second constant current;
使用第三恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电。A third constant current is used to charge the battery with a constant current.
如上所述的方面和任一可能的实现方式，进一步提供一种实现方式，所述装置应用于电池充电器、电池适配器、电池控制电路或芯片中。According to the foregoing aspect and any possible implementation manner, an implementation manner is further provided, wherein the device is applied in a battery charger, a battery adapter, a battery control circuit or a chip.
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案具有如下有益效果：One of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects:
在本发明实施例中，在对电池进行充电时使用脉冲充电，且每次脉冲充电的方式为先使用第一恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电，然后再使用第二恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流放电，最后再使用第三恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电；其中，对电池进行至少一次脉冲充电，直至电池的电压值达到指定电压值为止，在使用上述脉冲充电的方式为电池充电时，使用第一恒定电流为电池充电是为了提高电池的充电速度。使用第二恒定电流为电池放电，来升高电池的阳极电位，减少析锂，以及，使阳极表面的金属锂转换为锂离子，进而使得阳极表面在生成金属锂后，也不会出现枝状结晶增长的情况，提高了电池快速充电时的安全性。使用第三恒定电流为电池充电是为了让阳极电位在变化较小的情况下，继续为电池进行补充充电，达到快速充电的目的；以及，在减少析锂的前提下，使电池的电压能够达到指定电压；另外，由于使用第一恒定电流为电池快速充电，会对电池中的阳极界面保护膜(SEI)造成损伤，使用第三次恒定电流为电池充电可以对该损伤进行修复，延长了电池的使用寿命。因此，本发明提供的技术方案，可以在提高充电速度的情况下，减少电池的阳极表面产生的金属锂，且可以不断修复阳极界面保护膜(SEI)，提高了为电池进行快速充电时的安全性，同时延长了循环寿命，且当电池的电压达到在指定电压后，对电池进行恒压充电，以保证达到电池的额定容量，即保证电池可以充满电。In the embodiment of the present invention, pulse charging is used when charging the battery, and the method of each pulse charging is to first use the first constant current to charge the battery with a constant current, and then use the second constant current to charge the battery with a second constant current. The battery is discharged at a constant current, and finally the battery is charged at a constant current with a third constant current; wherein, the battery is charged at least once by a pulse until the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value. When charging the battery, the purpose of using the first constant current to charge the battery is to increase the charging speed of the battery. Use the second constant current to discharge the battery to increase the anode potential of the battery, reduce lithium precipitation, and convert the metal lithium on the anode surface into lithium ions, so that no dendrites will appear on the anode surface after metal lithium is generated The growth of crystals improves the safety of the battery during rapid charging. The purpose of using the third constant current to charge the battery is to continue to supplement the battery with a small change in the anode potential to achieve the purpose of fast charging; Specify the voltage; in addition, due to using the first constant current to charge the battery quickly, it will cause damage to the anode interface protection film (SEI) in the battery, and using the third constant current to charge the battery can repair the damage, prolonging the life of the battery. service life. Therefore, the technical solution provided by the present invention can reduce the metal lithium produced on the anode surface of the battery while increasing the charging speed, and can continuously repair the anode interface protective film (SEI), improving the safety when the battery is quickly charged At the same time, the cycle life is prolonged, and when the voltage of the battery reaches the specified voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage to ensure that the rated capacity of the battery is reached, that is, to ensure that the battery can be fully charged.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种电池充电方法的流程示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种电池充电方法中电流-充电时间关系的示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of the current-charging time relationship in a battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的另一种电池充电方法中电流-充电时间关系的示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the current-charging time relationship in another battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为对比方案一与实施方案一的电流-时间关系的示意图；Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the current-time relation of comparison scheme one and embodiment one;
图5为对比方案一与实施方案一的电压-时间关系的示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the voltage-time relation of comparison scheme one and embodiment one;
图6为对比方案一与实施方案一的充电时间-电池容量关系的示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the charging time-battery capacity relationship between the comparison scheme 1 and the implementation scheme 1;
图7为本发明实施例提供的另一种电池充电方法的流程示意图；FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种电池充电装置的结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery charging device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
【具体实施方式】【detailed description】
为了更好的理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图对本发明实施例进行详细描述。In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
应当明确，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
在本发明实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本发明。在本发明实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。Terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "said" and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。It should be understood that the term "and/or" used herein is only an association relationship describing associated objects, which means that there may be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which may mean that A exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. B, there are three situations of B alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship.
应当理解，尽管在本发明实施例中可能采用术语第一、第二等来描述恒定电流，但这些恒定电流不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将恒定电流彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明实施例范围的情况下，第一恒定电流也可以被称为第二恒定电流，类似地，第二恒定电流也可以被称为第一恒定电流。It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc. may be used in the embodiments of the present invention to describe constant currents, these constant currents should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish constant currents from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, the first constant current may also be called a second constant current, and similarly, the second constant current may also be called a first constant current.
取决于语境，如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测”。类似地，取决于语境，短语“如果确定”或“如果检测(陈述的条件或事件)”可以被解释成为“当确定时”或“响应于确定”或“当检测(陈述的条件或事件)时”或“响应于检测(陈述的条件或事件)”。Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting". Similarly, depending on the context, the phrases "if determined" or "if detected (the stated condition or event)" could be interpreted as "when determined" or "in response to the determination" or "when detected (the stated condition or event) )" or "in response to detection of (a stated condition or event)".
实施例一Embodiment one
本发明实施例提供了一种电池充电方法，如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的电池充电方法，具体可以包括以下步骤：An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for charging a battery. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method for charging a battery provided by an embodiment of the present invention may specifically include the following steps:
101、对所述电池进行至少一次脉冲充电，直到所述电池的电压值达到指定电压值时，停止对所述电池进行脉冲充电。101. Perform pulse charging on the battery at least once, and stop performing pulse charging on the battery until the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value.
其中，每次所述脉冲充电包括：使用第一恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电；使用第二恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流放电；使用第三恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电。Wherein, the pulse charging each time includes: using a first constant current to charge the battery with a constant current; using a second constant current to discharge the battery with a constant current; using a third constant current to perform a constant current to the battery Charge.
具体的，在使用上述脉冲充电的方式为电池充电时，使用第一恒定电流为电池充电是为了提高电池的充电速度。Specifically, when charging the battery using the above-mentioned pulse charging manner, the purpose of using the first constant current to charge the battery is to increase the charging speed of the battery.
当阳极电位快速降低(使用恒定大电流为电池进行充电造时造成阳极电位快速降低)且阳极电位降低到一定程度时，会导致电池阳极表面出现金属锂，即：使用恒定大电流为电池充电时，电池的阳极电位会出现较大的欧姆极化和浓差极化，此时阳极电位将迅速下降，且降低到一定程度时会使阳极表面出现金属锂。在电池阳极表面出现金属锂之后，如果提高阳极电位，且使阳极电位高于该程度时，可以使阳极表面出现的金属锂转换为锂离子，即降低阳极电位的欧姆极化和浓差极化，使阳极电位上升到一定程度后，阳极表面的金属锂可以转换为锂离子。由于可以通过对电池放电来升高阳极电位，因此，本发明实施例中，使用第二恒定电流为电池放电，来升高电池的阳极电位，较少析锂；以及，由于使用第一恒定电流为电池充电时，阳极表面可能会出现金属锂，通过第二恒定电流对电池放电，升高阳极电位，使阳极表面的金属锂转换为锂离子，进而使得阳极表面在生成金属锂后，也不会出现枝状结晶增长的情况，保证了电池快速充电时的安全性。When the anode potential drops rapidly (when the battery is charged with a constant high current, the anode potential drops rapidly) and the anode potential drops to a certain extent, it will cause lithium metal to appear on the surface of the battery anode, that is, when the battery is charged with a constant high current , the anode potential of the battery will have large ohmic polarization and concentration polarization. At this time, the anode potential will drop rapidly, and when it decreases to a certain extent, metal lithium will appear on the surface of the anode. After metallic lithium appears on the surface of the battery anode, if the anode potential is increased and the anode potential is higher than this level, the metallic lithium appearing on the anode surface can be converted into lithium ions, that is, the ohmic polarization and concentration polarization of the anode potential can be reduced , after the anode potential rises to a certain level, the metal lithium on the anode surface can be converted into lithium ions. Since the anode potential can be increased by discharging the battery, in the embodiment of the present invention, the second constant current is used to discharge the battery to increase the anode potential of the battery, and less lithium is analyzed; and, due to the use of the first constant current When charging the battery, lithium metal may appear on the surface of the anode, and the battery is discharged through the second constant current to increase the potential of the anode, so that the lithium metal on the surface of the anode is converted into lithium ions, so that after the lithium metal is generated on the surface of the anode, it will not There will be growth of dendrites, which ensures the safety of the battery during rapid charging.
使用第三恒定电流为电池充电是为了让阳极电位在变化较小的情况下，继续为电池进行补充充电，达到快速充电的目的；以及，在减少析锂的前提下，使电池的电压能够达到指定电压；另外，由于使用第一恒定电流为电池快速充电，会对电池中的阳极界面保护膜(SEI)造成损伤，使用第三次恒定电流为电池充电可以对该损伤进行修复，延长了电池的使用寿命。The purpose of using the third constant current to charge the battery is to continue to supplement the battery with a small change in the anode potential to achieve the purpose of fast charging; Specify the voltage; in addition, due to using the first constant current to charge the battery quickly, it will cause damage to the anode interface protection film (SEI) in the battery, and using the third constant current to charge the battery can repair the damage, prolonging the life of the battery. service life.
再进一步的，由于对电池进行充电时，至少进行一次脉冲充电，进一步减少了在电池的电压值达到指定电压值之前，电池的阳极表面出现的金属锂，提高了电池的安全性。Furthermore, when the battery is charged, at least one pulse charge is performed, which further reduces the lithium metal appearing on the anode surface of the battery before the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value, thereby improving the safety of the battery.
在一个具体的实施方式中，述指定电压值包括所述电池的截止电压对应的电压值。In a specific embodiment, the specified voltage value includes a voltage value corresponding to the cut-off voltage of the battery.
其中，截止电压为该电池的电压特性，不同的电池具有不同截止电压。Wherein, the cut-off voltage is a voltage characteristic of the battery, and different batteries have different cut-off voltages.
在一个具体的实施方式中，各次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第一恒定电流相同，且每次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第一恒定电流大于或者等于0.2C，且小于或者等于3C。In a specific embodiment, the first constant current used in each pulse charging is the same, and the first constant current used in each pulse charging is greater than or equal to 0.2C, and less than or equal to 0.2C. It is equal to 3C.
在一个具体的实施方式中，在各次所述脉冲充电中，使用所述第一恒定电流进行充电时所使用的充电时长相同，且该充电时长大于或者等于0.1s，且小于或者等于30s。In a specific implementation manner, in each of the pulse charging, the charging time using the first constant current is the same, and the charging time is greater than or equal to 0.1s and less than or equal to 30s.
在一个具体的实施方式中，各次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第二恒定电流相同，且每次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第二恒定电流大于或者等于0C，且小于或者等于1C。In a specific embodiment, the second constant current used for each pulse charging is the same, and the second constant current used for each pulse charging is greater than or equal to 0C and less than or equal to 1C.
在一个具体的实施方式中，在各次所述脉冲充电中，使用所述第二恒定电流进行放电时所使用的放电时长相同，且该放电时长大于或者等于0.01s，且小于或者等于5s。In a specific embodiment, in each of the pulse charging, the discharging time is the same when the second constant current is used for discharging, and the discharging time is greater than or equal to 0.01s and less than or equal to 5s.
在一个具体的实施方式中，各次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第三恒定电流相同，且每次所述脉冲充电所使用的所述第三恒定电流大于或者等于0.01C，且小于或者等于0.5C。In a specific embodiment, the third constant current used in each pulse charging is the same, and the third constant current used in each pulse charging is greater than or equal to 0.01C, and less than or equal to 0.01C. Equal to 0.5C.
在一个具体的实施方式中，在各次所述脉冲充电中，使用所述第三恒定电流进行充电时所使用的充电时长相同，且该充电时长大于或者等于0.01s，且小于或者等于5s。In a specific implementation manner, in each of the pulse charging, the charging time using the third constant current is the same, and the charging time is greater than or equal to 0.01s and less than or equal to 5s.
102、对所述电池进行恒压充电，直到所述电池的充电电流的电流值达到指定电流值时，停止对所述电池进行恒压充电。102. Perform constant-voltage charging on the battery, and stop performing constant-voltage charging on the battery until the current value of the charging current of the battery reaches a specified current value.
具体的，当对电池进行脉冲充电后，开始对电池进行恒压充电，在对电池进行恒压充电的过程中，随着电池的电量逐渐增加，充电电流将逐渐减小，因此浓差极化及欧姆极化也将逐渐减小，阳极电位也将逐渐上升，直到电池的电流达到截止电流时，停止对电池进行恒压充电，从而保证了电池可以达到额定容量，即保证电池可以充满电。Specifically, when the battery is pulse-charged, it starts to charge the battery at a constant voltage. During the process of charging the battery at a constant voltage, as the battery power gradually increases, the charging current will gradually decrease, so the concentration polarization And the ohmic polarization will gradually decrease, and the anode potential will gradually increase until the battery current reaches the cut-off current, and the constant voltage charging of the battery will be stopped, so as to ensure that the battery can reach the rated capacity, that is, ensure that the battery can be fully charged.
在一个具体的实施方式中，所述对所述电池进行恒压充电，包括：使用所述指定电压值对应的电压对所述电池进行恒压充电。In a specific embodiment, the charging the battery at a constant voltage includes: charging the battery at a constant voltage using a voltage corresponding to the specified voltage value.
在一个具体的实施方式中，所述指定电流值大于或者等于0.01C，且小于或者等于0.1C。In a specific embodiment, the specified current value is greater than or equal to 0.01C and less than or equal to 0.1C.
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种电池充电方法中电流-充电时长关系图，如图2所示，第一恒定电流为I1，第一恒定电流的充电时长为T1，第二恒定电流为I2，第二恒定电流的放电时长为T2，第三恒定电流为I3，第三恒定电流的充电时长为T3，指定电流为I4。具体的，在对电池进行充电的过程中，首先进行若干个脉冲充电过程，直至达到电池的截止电压为止，其中，每次脉冲充电的过程包括：使用I1对电池进行T1时长的恒流充电，然后使用I2对电池进行T2时长的恒流放电，最后使用I3对电池进行T3时长的恒流充电。当电池达到截止电压后，使用截止电压值对应的电压对电池进行恒流充电，直到充电电流达到I4为止。Fig. 2 is a current-charging duration relationship diagram in a battery charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, the first constant current is I1, the charging duration of the first constant current is T1, and the second constant current is I2, the discharge time of the second constant current is T2, the third constant current is I3, the charging time of the third constant current is T3, and the specified current is I4. Specifically, in the process of charging the battery, several pulse charging processes are performed first until the cut-off voltage of the battery is reached, wherein each pulse charging process includes: using I1 to charge the battery with a constant current of T1 duration, Then use I2 to discharge the battery at a constant current for T2, and finally use I3 to charge the battery at a constant current for T3. When the battery reaches the cut-off voltage, use the voltage corresponding to the cut-off voltage value to charge the battery with a constant current until the charging current reaches I4.
举例说明，图3为本发明实施例提供的另一种电池充电方法中电流-充电时长关系图，如图3所示，第一恒定电流为1.2C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为9s，第二恒定电流为0.025C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为0.5s，第三恒定电流为0.1C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为0.5s，指定电流为0.05C。具体的，在对电池进行充电的过程中，首先进行若干个脉冲充电过程，直至达到电池的截止电压为止，其中，每次脉冲充电的过程包括：使用1.2C的电流对电池进行9s时长的恒流充电，然后使用0.025C的电流对电池进行0.5s时长的恒流放电，最后使用0.1C的电流对电池进行0.5s时长的恒流充电。当电池达到截止电压后，使用截止电压值对应的电压对电池进行恒流充电，直到充电电流达到0.05C为止。For example, Fig. 3 is a diagram of the current-charging duration relationship in another battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 3, the first constant current is 1.2C, and the charging duration of the first constant current is 9s. The second constant current is 0.025C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 0.5s, the third constant current is 0.1C, the charging time of the third constant current is 0.5s, and the specified current is 0.05C. Specifically, in the process of charging the battery, several pulse charging processes are firstly carried out until the cut-off voltage of the battery is reached, wherein each pulse charging process includes: using a current of 1.2C to perform a constant 9s duration on the battery Then charge the battery with a constant current of 0.025C for 0.5s, and finally charge the battery with a constant current of 0.1C for 0.5s. When the battery reaches the cut-off voltage, use the voltage corresponding to the cut-off voltage value to charge the battery with a constant current until the charging current reaches 0.05C.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所提及的恒压充电时所使用的截止电压以及指定电流的数值，根据实际应用中不同构造，不同型号的电池分别进行设定，在此并不做具体的限定。It should be noted that the value of the cut-off voltage and the specified current used in the constant voltage charging mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention are set according to different structures and types of batteries in actual applications, and are not discussed here. Specific limits.
为了可以更好的提高充电的速度，本发明实施例中的电池充电方法中，电池在充电过程中的环境温度大于或者等于0℃，且小于或者等于60℃。In order to better increase the charging speed, in the battery charging method in the embodiment of the present invention, the ambient temperature of the battery during charging is greater than or equal to 0°C and less than or equal to 60°C.
在一个具体的实施方式中，本发明实施例提出的电池充电方法应用于电池充电器、电池适配器、电池控制电路或芯片中。在本实施例中，仅列举以上几种用于为电池进行充电的设备，相应的其他具有相同功能的设备均在本发明保护范围之内。In a specific implementation manner, the battery charging method proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a battery charger, a battery adapter, a battery control circuit or a chip. In this embodiment, only the above several devices for charging the battery are listed, and other corresponding devices with the same functions are within the protection scope of the present invention.
在一个具体的实施方式中，所述电池包括以下一种：锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池和钠离子电池。In a specific embodiment, the battery includes one of the following: lithium ion battery, lithium metal battery, lead acid battery, nickel battery, nickel hydrogen battery, lithium sulfur battery, lithium air battery and sodium ion battery.
在一个具体的实施方式中，所述电池应用于终端、可穿戴设备、电动工具、移动电源、无人机、电动车或电动汽车中。In a specific embodiment, the battery is applied in a terminal, a wearable device, an electric tool, a mobile power supply, a drone, an electric vehicle or an electric vehicle.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所涉及的终端可以包括但不限于个人计算机(Personal Computer，PC)、个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、无线手持设备、平板电脑(Tablet Computer)、手机、MP3播放器、MP4播放器等。It should be noted that the terminals involved in the embodiments of the present invention may include but not limited to personal computers (Personal Computer, PC), personal digital assistants (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA), wireless handheld devices, tablet computers (Tablet Computer), Mobile phones, MP3 players, MP4 players, etc.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所涉及的可穿戴设备可以包括但不限于智能手环、智能手表、智能眼镜、蓝牙耳机等。It should be noted that the wearable devices involved in the embodiments of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, smart bracelets, smart watches, smart glasses, bluetooth earphones, and the like.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所涉及的电动车可以包括但不限于电动自行车、电动三轮车、电动平衡车等。It should be noted that the electric vehicles involved in the embodiments of the present invention may include but not limited to electric bicycles, electric tricycles, electric balance vehicles and the like.
在本发明实施例中，在对电池进行充电时使用脉冲充电，且每次脉冲充电的方式为先使用第一恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电，然后再使用第二恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流放电，最后再使用第三恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电；其中，对电池进行至少一次脉冲充电，直至电池的电压值达到指定电压值为止，在使用上述脉冲充电的方式为电池充电时，使用第一恒定电流为电池充电是为了提高电池的充电速度。使用第二恒定电流为电池放电，来升高电池的阳极电位，减少析锂，以及，使阳极表面的金属锂转换为锂离子，进而使得阳极表面在生成金属锂后，也不会出现枝状结晶增长的情况，提高了电池快速充电时的安全性。使用第三恒定电流为电池充电是为了让阳极电位在变化较小的情况下，继续为电池进行补充充电，达到快速充电的目的；以及，在减少析锂的前提下，使电池的电压能够达到指定电压；另外，由于使用第一恒定电流为电池快速充电，会对电池中的阳极界面保护膜(SEI)造成损伤，使用第三次恒定电流为电池充电可以对该损伤进行修复，延长了电池的使用寿命。因此，本发明提供的技术方案，可以在提高充电速度的情况下，减少电池的阳极表面产生的金属锂，且可以不断修复阳极界面保护膜(SEI)，提高了为电池进行快速充电时的安全性，同时延长了循环寿命，且当电池的电压达到在指定电压后，对电池进行恒压充电，以保证达到电池的额定容量，即保证电池可以充满电。In the embodiment of the present invention, pulse charging is used when charging the battery, and the method of each pulse charging is to first use the first constant current to charge the battery with a constant current, and then use the second constant current to charge the battery with a second constant current. The battery is discharged at a constant current, and finally the battery is charged at a constant current with a third constant current; wherein, the battery is charged at least once by a pulse until the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value. When charging the battery, the purpose of using the first constant current to charge the battery is to increase the charging speed of the battery. Use the second constant current to discharge the battery to increase the anode potential of the battery, reduce lithium precipitation, and convert the metal lithium on the anode surface into lithium ions, so that no dendrites will appear on the anode surface after metal lithium is generated The growth of crystals improves the safety of the battery during rapid charging. The purpose of using the third constant current to charge the battery is to continue to supplement the battery with a small change in the anode potential to achieve the purpose of fast charging; Specify the voltage; in addition, due to using the first constant current to charge the battery quickly, it will cause damage to the anode interface protective film (SEI) in the battery, and using the third constant current to charge the battery can repair the damage, prolonging the life of the battery. service life. Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the present invention can reduce the metal lithium produced on the anode surface of the battery while increasing the charging speed, and can continuously repair the anode interface protective film (SEI), improving the safety when the battery is quickly charged. At the same time, the cycle life is prolonged, and when the voltage of the battery reaches the specified voltage, the battery is charged at a constant voltage to ensure that the rated capacity of the battery is reached, that is, to ensure that the battery can be fully charged.
为了使本发明的发明目的、技术方案和技术效果更加清晰，以下结合附图和实施方案，对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解的是，本说明书中给出的实施方案只是为了解释本发明，并非为了限定本发明，本发明并不局限于说明书中给出的实施方案。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and technical effect of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments given in the specification are only for explaining the present invention, not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments given in the specification.
以下将采用对比方案和实施方案进行说明，其中，对比方案和各实施方案采用的电池体系以LiCoO2(钴酸锂)作为阴极，石墨作为阳极，再加上隔膜、电解液及包装壳，通过混料、涂布、装配、化成和陈化等工艺制成。其中，阴极由96.7％LiCoO2+1.7％PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)+1.6％SP混合组成，其中，LiCoO2作为阴极活性物质，PVDF作为粘结剂，SP作为导电剂。阳极由98％人造石墨(作为阳极活性物质)+1.0％SBR(丁苯橡胶)+1.0％CMC(羧甲基纤维素)混合组成，隔膜为PE(聚乙烯)薄膜，电解液由有机溶剂(30％EC(碳酸乙烯酯)+30％PC(碳酸丙烯酯)+40％DEC(碳酸二乙酯))与1mol/L的LiPF6(六氟磷酸锂)，再加入添加剂(0.5％VC(碳酸亚乙烯酯)、5％FEC(氟代碳酸乙烯酯)、4％VEC(碳酸乙烯亚乙酯))组成，其中，SBR作为粘结剂，CMC作为增稠剂。The comparative scheme and the implementation scheme will be described below, wherein, the battery system used in the comparison scheme and each implementation scheme uses LiCoO2 (lithium cobaltate) as the cathode, graphite as the anode, plus a diaphragm, electrolyte and packaging shell, through It is made by mixing, coating, assembling, forming and aging processes. Among them, the cathode is composed of 96.7% LiCoO2 +1.7% PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) + 1.6% SP, wherein LiCoO2 is used as the cathode active material, PVDF is used as the binder, and SP is used as the conductive agent. The anode is composed of 98% artificial graphite (as the anode active material) + 1.0% SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) + 1.0% CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), the diaphragm is PE (polyethylene) film, and the electrolyte is made of organic solvent ( 30% EC (ethylene carbonate) + 30% PC (propylene carbonate) + 40% DEC (diethyl carbonate)) and 1mol/L LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate), then add additives (0.5% VC (vinylene carbonate) ), 5% FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate), 4% VEC (ethylene carbonate)), wherein, SBR as a binder, CMC as a thickener.
以下陈述的对比方案一、对比方案二、对比方案三和对比方案四为采用现有技术中的充电方法，在不同的充电条件下进行的测试。The comparison scheme 1, the comparison scheme 2, the comparison scheme 3 and the comparison scheme 4 stated below are the tests carried out under different charging conditions by adopting the charging method in the prior art.
对比方案一：Comparison scheme one:
测试温度：室温。Test temperature: room temperature.
充电条件设定：恒定电流为0.7C、截止电压为4.4V、指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: constant current is 0.7C, cut-off voltage is 4.4V, specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：使用0.7C的恒定电流为电池进行恒流充电，直到电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V，继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行恒压充电，直到电池的电流达到指定电流0.05C。Charging process: Use a constant current of 0.7C to charge the battery with a constant current until the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V, and continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery with a constant voltage until the battery current reaches the specified current of 0.05C.
对比方案二：Comparison scheme two:
测试温度：0℃。Test temperature: 0°C.
充电条件设定：恒定电流为0.3C、截止电压为4.4V、指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: constant current is 0.3C, cut-off voltage is 4.4V, specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：使用0.3C的恒定电流为电池进行恒流充电，直到电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V，继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行恒压充电，直到电池的电流达到指定电流0.05C。Charging process: Use a constant current of 0.3C to charge the battery with a constant current until the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V, and continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery with a constant voltage until the battery current reaches the specified current of 0.05C.
对比方案三：Comparison scheme three:
测试温度：60℃。Test temperature: 60°C.
充电条件设定：恒定电流为0.7C、截止电压为4.4V、指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: constant current is 0.7C, cut-off voltage is 4.4V, specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：使用0.7C的恒定电流为电池进行恒流充电，直到电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V，继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行恒压充电，直到电池的电流达到指定电流0.05C。Charging process: Use a constant current of 0.7C to charge the battery with a constant current until the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V, and continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery with a constant voltage until the battery current reaches the specified current of 0.05C.
对比方案四：Comparison scheme four:
测试温度：室温。Test temperature: room temperature.
充电条件设定：恒定电流为1.2C、截止电压为4.4V、指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: constant current is 1.2C, cut-off voltage is 4.4V, specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：使用1.0C的恒定电流为电池进行恒流充电，直到电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V，继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行恒压充电，直到电池的电流达到指定电流0.05C。Charging process: use a constant current of 1.0C to charge the battery until the battery voltage reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V, continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery at a constant voltage until the battery current reaches the specified current 0.05C.
以下陈述的实施方案一、实施方案二、实施方案三、实施方案四、实施方案五、实施方案六和实施方案七为采用本发明实施例中的充电方法，在不同的充电条件下进行的测试。Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, Embodiment 4, Embodiment 5, Embodiment 6 and Embodiment 7 stated below are tests carried out under different charging conditions using the charging method in the embodiment of the present invention .
实施方案一：Implementation plan one:
测试温度：室温。Test temperature: room temperature.
充电条件设定：第一恒定电流I1为1.2C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为9s，第二恒定电流I2为0.025C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为0.5s，第三恒定电流I3为0.1C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为0.5s，截止电压为4.4V，指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: the first constant current I1 is 1.2C, the charging time of the first constant current is 9s, the second constant current I2 is 0.025C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 0.5s, the third constant current I3 is 0.1C, the charging time of the third constant current is 0.5s, the cut-off voltage is 4.4V, and the specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：Charging process:
第一阶段为脉冲充电阶段：The first stage is the pulse charging stage:
步骤一：以恒定电流1.2C充电，充电时间为9s；Step 1: Charge with a constant current of 1.2C, and the charging time is 9s;
步骤二：以恒定电流0.025C放电，放电时间为0.5s；Step 2: Discharge with a constant current of 0.025C, and the discharge time is 0.5s;
步骤三：以恒定电流0.1C充电，充电时间为0.5s。Step 3: Charge with a constant current of 0.1C, and the charging time is 0.5s.
重复步骤一直步骤三，直至电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V。Repeat steps all the way to step 3 until the voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V.
第二阶段为恒压充电阶段：The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage:
继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到0.05C。Continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery until the battery current reaches 0.05C.
实施方案二：Implementation plan two:
测试温度：0℃。Test temperature: 0°C.
充电条件设定：第一恒定电流I1为0.6C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为5s，第二恒定电流I2为0.01C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为1s，第三恒定电流I3为0.05C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为1s，截止电压为4.4V，指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: the first constant current I1 is 0.6C, the charging time of the first constant current is 5s, the second constant current I2 is 0.01C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 1s, the third constant current I3 is 0.05C, the charging time of the third constant current is 1s, the cut-off voltage is 4.4V, and the specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：Charging process:
第一阶段为脉冲充电阶段：The first stage is the pulse charging stage:
步骤一：以恒定电流0.6C充电，充电时间为5s；Step 1: Charge with a constant current of 0.6C, and the charging time is 5s;
步骤二：以恒定电流0.01C放电，放电时间为1s；Step 2: Discharge with a constant current of 0.01C, and the discharge time is 1s;
步骤三：以恒定电流0.05C充电，充电时间为1s。Step 3: Charge with a constant current of 0.05C, and the charging time is 1s.
重复步骤一直步骤三，直至电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V。Repeat steps all the way to step 3 until the voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V.
第二阶段为恒压充电阶段：The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage:
继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到0.05C。Continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery until the battery current reaches 0.05C.
实施方案三：Implementation plan three:
测试温度：60℃。Test temperature: 60°C.
充电条件设定：第一恒定电流I1为1.5C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为10s，第二恒定电流I2为0.1C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为2s，第三恒定电流I3为0.5C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为5s，截止电压为4.4V，指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: the first constant current I1 is 1.5C, the charging time of the first constant current is 10s, the second constant current I2 is 0.1C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 2s, the third constant current I3 is 0.5C, the charging time of the third constant current is 5s, the cut-off voltage is 4.4V, and the specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：Charging process:
第一阶段为脉冲充电阶段：The first stage is the pulse charging stage:
步骤一：以恒定电流1.5C充电，充电时间为10s；Step 1: Charge with a constant current of 1.5C, and the charging time is 10s;
步骤二：以恒定电流0.1C放电，放电时间为2s；Step 2: Discharge with a constant current of 0.1C, and the discharge time is 2s;
步骤三：以恒定电流0.5C充电，充电时间为5s。Step 3: Charge with a constant current of 0.5C, and the charging time is 5s.
重复步骤一直步骤三，直至电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V。Repeat steps all the way to step 3 until the voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V.
第二阶段为恒压充电阶段：The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage:
继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到0.05C。Continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery until the battery current reaches 0.05C.
实施方案四：Implementation plan four:
测试温度：室温。Test temperature: room temperature.
充电条件设定：第一恒定电流I1为0.9C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为30s，第二恒定电流I2为0C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为5s，第三恒定电流I3为0.2C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为1s，截止电压为4.4V，指定电流为0.05C。Charging condition setting: the first constant current I1 is 0.9C, the charging time of the first constant current is 30s, the second constant current I2 is 0C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 5s, the third constant current I3 The charging time of the third constant current is 1s, the cut-off voltage is 4.4V, and the specified current is 0.05C.
充电过程：Charging process:
第一阶段为脉冲充电阶段：The first stage is the pulse charging stage:
步骤一：以恒定电流0.9C充电，充电时间为30s；Step 1: Charge with a constant current of 0.9C, and the charging time is 30s;
步骤二：以恒定电流0C放电，放电时间为5s；Step 2: Discharge with a constant current of 0C, and the discharge time is 5s;
步骤三：以恒定电流0.2C充电，充电时间为1s。Step 3: Charge with a constant current of 0.2C, and the charging time is 1s.
重复步骤一直步骤三，直至电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V。Repeat steps all the way to step 3 until the voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V.
第二阶段为恒压充电阶段：The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage:
继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到0.05C。Continue to use a constant voltage of 4.4V to charge the battery until the battery current reaches 0.05C.
实施方案五：Implementation plan five:
测试温度：室温。Test temperature: room temperature.
充电条件设定：第一恒定电流I1为3C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为0.2s，第二恒定电流I2为0.1C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为0.01s，第三恒定电流I3为0.01C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为0.2s，截止电压为4.4V，指定电流为0.02C。Charging condition setting: the first constant current I1 is 3C, the charging time of the first constant current is 0.2s, the second constant current I2 is 0.1C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 0.01s, the third constant current I3 is 0.01C, the charging time of the third constant current is 0.2s, the cut-off voltage is 4.4V, and the specified current is 0.02C.
充电过程：Charging process:
第一阶段为脉冲充电阶段：The first stage is the pulse charging stage:
步骤一：以恒定电流3C充电，充电时间为0.2s；Step 1: Charge with a constant current of 3C, and the charging time is 0.2s;
步骤二：以恒定电流0.1C放电，放电时间为0.01s；Step 2: Discharge with a constant current of 0.1C, and the discharge time is 0.01s;
步骤三：以恒定电流0.01C充电，充电时间为0.2s。Step 3: Charge with a constant current of 0.01C, and the charging time is 0.2s.
重复步骤一直步骤三，直至电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V。Repeat steps all the way to step 3 until the voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V.
第二阶段为恒压充电阶段：The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage:
继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到0.02C。Continue to charge the battery with a constant voltage of 4.4V until the battery current reaches 0.02C.
实施方案六：Implementation plan six:
测试温度：室温。Test temperature: room temperature.
充电条件设定：第一恒定电流I1为0.2C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为0.1s，第二恒定电流I2为0.1C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为0.01s，第三恒定电流I3为0.1C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为0.01s，截止电压为4.4V，指定电流为0.1C。Charging condition setting: the first constant current I1 is 0.2C, the charging time of the first constant current is 0.1s, the second constant current I2 is 0.1C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 0.01s, the third constant The current I3 is 0.1C, the charging time of the third constant current is 0.01s, the cut-off voltage is 4.4V, and the specified current is 0.1C.
充电过程：Charging process:
第一阶段为脉冲充电阶段：The first stage is the pulse charging stage:
步骤一：以恒定电流0.2C充电，充电时间为0.1s；Step 1: Charge with a constant current of 0.2C, and the charging time is 0.1s;
步骤二：以恒定电流0.1C放电，放电时间为0.01s；Step 2: Discharge with a constant current of 0.1C, and the discharge time is 0.01s;
步骤三：以恒定电流0.1C充电，充电时间为0.01s。Step 3: Charge with a constant current of 0.1C, and the charging time is 0.01s.
重复步骤一直步骤三，直至电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V。Repeat steps all the way to step 3 until the voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V.
第二阶段为恒压充电阶段：The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage:
继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到0.1C。Continue to charge the battery with a constant voltage of 4.4V until the battery current reaches 0.1C.
实施方案七：Implementation plan seven:
测试温度：室温。Test temperature: room temperature.
充电条件设定：第一恒定电流I1为2C，第一恒定电流的充电时长为20s，第二恒定电流I2为1C，第二恒定电流的放电时长为3s，第三恒定电流I3为0.3C，第三恒定电流的充电时长为0.04s，截止电压为4.4V，指定电流为0.01C。Charging condition setting: the first constant current I1 is 2C, the charging time of the first constant current is 20s, the second constant current I2 is 1C, the discharge time of the second constant current is 3s, and the third constant current I3 is 0.3C, the charging time of the third constant current is 0.04s, the cut-off voltage is 4.4V, and the specified current is 0.01C.
充电过程：Charging process:
第一阶段为脉冲充电阶段：The first stage is the pulse charging stage:
步骤一：以恒定电流2C充电，充电时间为20s；Step 1: Charge with a constant current of 2C, and the charging time is 20s;
步骤二：以恒定电流1C放电，放电时间为3s；Step 2: Discharge with a constant current of 1C, and the discharge time is 3s;
步骤三：以恒定电流0.3C充电，充电时间为0.04s。Step 3: Charge with a constant current of 0.3C, and the charging time is 0.04s.
重复步骤一直步骤三，直至电池的电压达到截止电压4.4V。Repeat steps all the way to step 3 until the voltage of the battery reaches the cut-off voltage of 4.4V.
第二阶段为恒压充电阶段：The second stage is the constant voltage charging stage:
继续使用4.4V的恒定电压为电池进行充电，直到电池的电流达到0.01C。Continue to charge the battery with a constant voltage of 4.4V until the battery current reaches 0.01C.
实验结果：Experimental results:
实施方案一至实施方案七中的电池，在充电过程中，均未发生阳极析锂的情况。在对比方案四中的电池，在充电过程中，发生了阳极析锂的情况。For the batteries in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 7, during the charging process, no anode lithium precipitation occurs. In the battery in Comparative Scheme 4, during the charging process, the anode lithium precipitation occurred.
在实验过程中，记录每个电池在不同阶段的数据值，其结果可以通过图4、图5、图6以及表1来进行说明。During the experiment, the data values of each battery at different stages were recorded, and the results can be illustrated by Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Table 1.
图4为对比方案一与实施方案一的电流-时间关系图，如图4所示，实施方案一中在脉冲充电阶段可以使用的充电电流更大，且在达到截止电压之前，与对比方案一相比，实施方案一中所使用的充电时间更短。Figure 4 is a current-time relationship diagram between the comparison scheme 1 and the implementation scheme 1. As shown in Figure 4, the charging current that can be used in the pulse charging phase in the implementation scheme 1 is larger, and before the cut-off voltage is reached, the charging current compared with the comparison scheme 1 In comparison, the charging time used in Embodiment 1 is shorter.
图5为对比方案一与实施方案一的电压-时间关系图，如图5所示，实施方案一中在脉冲充电阶段电池的电压更小，通过第二恒定电流放电和第三恒定电流充电的作用，使得电池的电压在一定阶段处于较低的电压，促使电池不会发生析锂，提高了电池的安全性。Fig. 5 is a voltage-time relationship diagram comparing scheme one and implementation scheme one. As shown in figure 5, in implementation one, the voltage of the battery in the pulse charging stage is smaller, and the second constant current discharge and the third constant current charging are carried out. The effect makes the voltage of the battery at a lower voltage in a certain stage, so that the battery will not undergo lithium precipitation, and the safety of the battery is improved.
图6为对比方案一与实施方案一的充电时间-电池容量百分比关系图，如图6所示，采用本发明实施例中的电池充电方法，其充电速度明显快于对比方案一中的充电速度，且实施方案一达到100％电池容量时，比对比方案一达到100％电池容量时的时间缩短了20分钟。Figure 6 is a graph showing the charging time-battery capacity percentage relationship between the comparison scheme 1 and the implementation scheme 1. As shown in Figure 6, the battery charging method in the embodiment of the present invention is adopted, and the charging speed is obviously faster than that in the comparison scheme 1. , and when the embodiment one reaches 100% battery capacity, it is shortened by 20 minutes compared with the time when the first embodiment reaches 100% battery capacity.
表1为对比方案与实施方案关于充满时间的对比表，如表1所示，通过比较对比方案一与实施方案一、对比方案二与实施方案二、对比方案三与实施方案三、对比方案一与实施方案四、对比方案一与实施方案五，使用本实施例中的电池充电方法为电池进行充电时，其满充时间均比现有技术中的充电方法所需要的时间更短。通过比较对比方案四和实施方案一，在相同温度下，使用实施方案一中的电池充电方法为电池进行充电时，其充满时间与对比方案四中的充电方法所需要的时间基本相同，但是实施方案一中的电池未发生析锂情况，而对比方案四中的电池发生了析锂情况，因此通过实施方案一与对比方案四的比较，实施方案一的充电方法更加安全。Table 1 is a comparison table of the full time between the comparison scheme and the implementation scheme. As shown in Table 1, by comparing the comparison scheme 1 and the implementation scheme 1, the comparison scheme 2 and the implementation scheme 2, the comparison scheme 3 and the implementation scheme 3, and the comparison scheme 1 Compared with Embodiment 4, and compared with Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 5, when the battery charging method in this embodiment is used to charge the battery, the full charging time is shorter than that required by the charging method in the prior art. By comparing comparative scheme four and embodiment one, at the same temperature, when using the battery charging method in embodiment one to charge the battery, its full time is basically the same as the time required by the charging method in comparative scheme four, but the implementation Lithium precipitation did not occur in the battery in Scheme 1, but lithium precipitation occurred in the battery in Comparative Scheme 4. Therefore, the charging method of Embodiment 1 is safer through the comparison of Embodiment 1 and Comparative Scheme 4.
表1Table 1
通过表1中的对比方案和实施方案可知，对于同一电池，实施方案在脉冲充电阶段可以使用比对比方案更大的充电电流，且在达到指定电流之前，与对比方案相比，实施方案中所使用的充电时间更短。It can be seen from the comparison scheme and implementation scheme in Table 1 that for the same battery, the implementation scheme can use a larger charging current than the comparison scheme in the pulse charging stage, and before reaching the specified current, compared with the comparison scheme, the charging current in the implementation scheme Use less charging time.
需要说明的是，实施方案一至五只是本发明实施例中锂离子电池充电方法的部分实施例，充电参数I1、T1、I2、T2及I3、T3均可以根据电池的种类以及使用环境，如温度等情况，进行具体设置，在此不再一一举例。It should be noted thatEmbodiments1 to5 are only some examplesof the lithium- ion battery charging method in the embodimentof the present invention. As well as the use environment, such as temperature, etc., specific settings are made, and no examples will be given here.
实施例二Embodiment two
本发明实施例还提供了一种电池充电方法，如图7所示，在对电池进行脉冲充电之前，该方法还包括以下步骤：The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for charging a battery. As shown in FIG. 7 , before performing pulse charging on the battery, the method further includes the following steps:
701、获取所述电池当前的电压值。701. Acquire the current voltage value of the battery.
702、判断所述当前的电压值是否小于所述指定电压值。当所述当前的电压值小于所述指定电压值时，执行步骤703；当所述当前的电压值等于所述指定电压值时，执行步骤704。702. Determine whether the current voltage value is smaller than the specified voltage value. When the current voltage value is less than the specified voltage value, perform step 703; when the current voltage value is equal to the specified voltage value, perform step 704.
703、开始执行对所述电池进行脉冲充电的操作。703. Start performing the operation of performing pulse charging on the battery.
704、对所述电池进行恒压充电，直到所述电池的充电电流的电流值达到所述指定电流值时，停止对所述电池进行恒压充电。704. Perform constant-voltage charging on the battery, and stop performing constant-voltage charging on the battery until the current value of the charging current of the battery reaches the specified current value.
其中，所述指定电压值包括所述电池的截止电压对应的电压值。Wherein, the specified voltage value includes a voltage value corresponding to the cut-off voltage of the battery.
具体的，由于一个电池的电压小于该电池的截止电压，因此，该电池的电压只能小于或者等于该电池的截止电压，在电池当前的电压值等于指定电压值时，表示电池当前不需要进行脉冲充电，但是为了保证电池充满电，需要对该电池进行恒压充电，其中，在对电池进行恒压充电时，可以使用指定电压对应的电压值对该电池进行恒压充电，具体可以使用截止电压对应的电压值对该电池进行恒压充电；在电池当前的电压值小于指定电压值时，表示电池当前需要进行快速充电，为了使电池即可以快速充电，又保证电池的安全性，因此使用上述方法中的脉冲充电的方式为电池进行充电。Specifically, since the voltage of a battery is less than the cut-off voltage of the battery, the voltage of the battery can only be less than or equal to the cut-off voltage of the battery. When the current voltage value of the battery is equal to the specified voltage value, it means that the battery does not need to be Pulse charging, but in order to ensure that the battery is fully charged, the battery needs to be charged at a constant voltage. When charging the battery at a constant voltage, the battery can be charged at a constant voltage using the voltage value corresponding to the specified voltage. Specifically, the cut-off can be used. The voltage value corresponding to the voltage is used for constant voltage charging of the battery; when the current voltage value of the battery is less than the specified voltage value, it means that the battery needs to be charged quickly. In order to make the battery fast charge and ensure the safety of the battery, the The way of pulse charging in the above method is to charge the battery.
实施例三Embodiment three
图8为本发明实施例提供的电池充电装置实施例的结构示意图，如图8所示，本发明实施例的电池充电装置，可以包括：脉冲充电单元81和恒压充电单元82。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a battery charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8 , the battery charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a pulse charging unit 81 and a constant voltage charging unit 82 .
如图8所示，脉冲充电单元11，用于对所述电池进行至少一次脉冲充电，直到所述电池的电压值达到指定电压值时，停止对所述电池进行脉冲充电。As shown in FIG. 8 , the pulse charging unit 11 is configured to perform pulse charging on the battery at least once, and stop performing pulse charging on the battery until the voltage value of the battery reaches a specified voltage value.
恒压充电单元82，用于对所述电池进行恒压充电，直到所述电池的充电电流的电流值达到指定电流值时，停止对所述电池进行恒压充电。The constant voltage charging unit 82 is configured to charge the battery at a constant voltage, and stop charging the battery at a constant voltage until the current value of the charging current of the battery reaches a specified current value.
其中，每次所述脉冲充电包括：Wherein, each said pulse charging includes:
使用第一恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电；charging the battery with a constant current using a first constant current;
使用第二恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流放电；performing constant current discharge on the battery using a second constant current;
使用第三恒定电流对所述电池进行恒流充电。A third constant current is used to charge the battery with a constant current.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例提供的电池充电装置可以应用于电池充电器、电池适配器、电池控制电路或芯片中。It should be noted that the battery charging device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to a battery charger, a battery adapter, a battery control circuit or a chip.
本发明实施例的装置，可以用于执行图1所示方法实施例的技术方案，其实现原理和技术效果类似，此处不再赘述。The device in the embodiment of the present invention can be used to execute the technical solution of the method embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be repeated here.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the present invention. within the scope of protection.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611249580.3ACN106654426A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Battery charging method and apparatus |
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| CN201611249580.3ACN106654426A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Battery charging method and apparatus |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201611249580.3APendingCN106654426A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Battery charging method and apparatus |
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