Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a process of a method for searching for a point of interest on a map according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes the following steps:
s101: a search request is received.
The execution subject of the method for searching the interest point on the map provided by the embodiment of the application can be as follows: a terminal or server, the terminal including but not limited to: the map application system comprises an intelligent terminal which can carry map application, such as a smart phone, a tablet personal computer, a smart watch, a vehicle-mounted mobile station and a personal computer; the server includes, but is not limited to, a server corresponding to the map application. The described execution body does not constitute a limitation of the present application.
For ease of understanding, the maps mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are explained below.
The map is an electronic map, the geographic range covered by the map is not limited in the application, and the map can be a world map, a national map, a city map, a village and town map and the like. The map comprises a plurality of interest points and interest point data of the interest points. The geographic coordinate system used in the map may be a longitude and latitude coordinate system, or may be a custom coordinate system provided by the map application, which is not limited in the present application, and the custom coordinate system and the longitude and latitude coordinate system may be converted into each other.
The execution main body can acquire the map in advance and store the map on the execution main body, and can also acquire the map in real time when the user uses the map application. The execution subject presents the map to the user through the map application, the user can select a reference position on the map, and then a search request is sent to the intelligent terminal to request to search for the target interest points near the reference position. Furthermore, the intelligent terminal may execute a corresponding search operation according to the search request, or the intelligent terminal may transmit the search request to the server and the server may execute the corresponding search operation.
S102: and determining a reference position according to the search request.
In the search request, a reference position may be indicated. In general, a current location of the smart terminal, which can be determined by the smart terminal through a Positioning means such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), can be indicated as a reference location. Currently, in practical applications, the user may also select any point of interest on the map, and use the point of interest as a reference location indicated by the search request to be sent.
S103: determining the value of a designated physical quantity corresponding to the distance between each interest point in the interest point set and the reference position; wherein the set of points of interest consists of points of interest on the map.
In the embodiment of the present application, the route may specifically refer to: and according to the length of a path which is calculated by adopting a predetermined path algorithm and is started from the reference position by adopting a predetermined traffic mode to reach the interest point. The routes include different routes for different transportation modes, including but not limited to: automotive lines, subway lines, trolley lines, non-motor vehicle lines, marine lines, etc.
In general, the path may be currently available, and as such, may provide reliability for subsequent search results. For example, if the path passes through a single lane, the direction of the path should be the same as the single-lane direction of the single lane, rather than the opposite. Generally, the availability of a path is guaranteed by the path algorithm employed to compute the path.
In the embodiment of the present application, the specified physical quantities corresponding to the routes may include: the length of the leg, or the specified type of resource consumed over the leg, etc. Wherein the types of resources include, but are not limited to: time, currency, chemical energy (e.g., gasoline, diesel, natural gas, coal, etc.), electrical energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, and so forth.
The unit of the value of the specified physical quantity is not limited in the present application. In an actual application, a unit suitable for an application scenario may be specified in advance for a specified physical quantity according to the application scenario. For example, in general, the length of the journey may be in units of meters, kilometers; the unit of time may be minutes, hours; the units of gasoline may be liters; the unit of electrical energy may be degrees; and so on.
S104: and determining target interest points in the interest points as search results according to the determined values of the designated physical quantities and preset physical quantity thresholds.
In the embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation manner of step S104 is not limited. In practical application, in each interest point, the interest point of which the corresponding specified physical quantity value does not exceed a preset physical quantity threshold value can be determined as a target interest point; or in each interest point, determining an interest point of which the corresponding value of the specified physical quantity belongs to a specific value-taking interval as a target interest point, wherein the specific value-taking interval is determined according to at least two physical quantity threshold values; and so on.
By the above method, when searching for a target interest point, the search can be performed based on the distance between each interest point and the reference position, instead of the shortest straight line (there may be no path overlapping with the shortest straight line) distance between each interest point and the reference position as in the prior art, and therefore, the practicability of the search result is high. More specifically, for different specified physical quantities, the distance may be measured from different dimensions, and the measurement result is the value of the specified physical quantity, and the measurement result may reflect the distance that the user actually needs to travel to the target point of interest from the reference position or the actually consumed resource, so that the search result determined according to the value of each specified physical quantity and the preset threshold value of the physical quantity has better practicability.
To facilitate understanding, the steps in fig. 1 are further described below.
In the embodiment of the present application, the search request in step S102 may further indicate a search keyword and/or a function category. In this case, before determining the value of the specified physical quantity, each of the interest points in the interest point set may be first screened according to the search keyword and/or the function category indicated by the search request, and then the operation of determining the value of the specified physical quantity may be performed only on each of the screened interest points, so that the speed of searching for the target interest point may be increased. The following is a detailed description.
When the search request indicates the search keyword, for step S103, determining a value of a specified physical quantity corresponding to a distance between each interest point in the interest point set and the reference position may specifically include: determining each interest point matched with the search keyword in the interest point set; determining a value of a specified physical quantity corresponding to the distance between the point of interest and the reference position. This is generally applicable to searching for branches or chains of a certain brand near a reference location, and so on.
For example, assume that a certain search request is represented as follows: "fast food restaurant whose distance between search and current location has a length value of not more than 2 km" searches for the keyword "mcdonald's". In this case, an interest point whose name includes "mcdonald' may be determined among interest points on the map (i.e., each mcdonald branch on the map), and then a value of a length of a route between each mcdonald branch and the current location may be determined, respectively, and then an mcdonald branch having a value of the length of the route of not more than 2 kilometers may be determined as a target interest point, i.e., a search result; the length of the route is the "designated physical quantity corresponding to the route" in step S103, and the 2 km is the "physical quantity threshold" in step S104.
When the search request indicates the function category, for step S103, determining a value of a specified physical quantity corresponding to a distance between each point of interest in the point of interest set and the reference position, specifically, the determining may include: determining each interest point belonging to the function category in the interest point set; determining a value of a specified physical quantity corresponding to the distance between the point of interest and the reference position. This case is generally applicable to searching for a point of interest having a specific function near the reference position.
For example, assume that a certain search request is represented as follows: the method comprises the steps of searching for a bus stop which can be reached within 10 minutes from the current position, presetting a traffic mode of 'walking', and setting a function type of 'bus stop'. In this case, the interest points belonging to the functional category of "bus station" (i.e., the respective bus stations on the map) may be determined among the interest points on the map, and then the values of the time consumed to walk through the distance from the current position to each bus station may be determined, respectively, and further, the corresponding bus station where the value of the consumed time is not more than 10 minutes may be determined as the target interest point, i.e., the search result; the value of the time elapsed by the distance is the "designated physical quantity corresponding to the route" in step S103, and the 10 minutes is the "physical quantity threshold" in step S104.
In the embodiment of the present application, since different users may subsequently select different transportation manners to go to a certain searched target point of interest, in order to improve the accuracy of the route in step S103, generally, the user may indicate a transportation manner or a plurality of transportation manners to be adopted in the search request as a preset transportation manner, and in this way, the executing subject may determine the route based on the preset transportation manner. Wherein the transportation means includes but is not limited to: walking, subway, bus, taxi, self-driving (car), ship, bicycle, electric car, roller skate, etc.
Specifically, for step S103, the value of the designated physical quantity corresponding to the distance between the point of interest and the reference position may be determined as follows: determining a distance between the interest point and the reference position under the condition of adopting a preset traffic mode according to the preset traffic mode and a preset path algorithm; and determining the value of the designated physical quantity corresponding to the route according to the preset traffic mode and the route.
It should be noted that, the predetermined path algorithm is not limited in this application, and an applicable path algorithm may be selected according to actual needs. For example, an a-Star algorithm (also referred to as a-Star algorithm) which is a direct search method for solving the shortest path in a static route network, and belongs to the disclosed technology, or other algorithms derived from the a-Star algorithm may be used as the predetermined path algorithm. When the algorithm a is used to implement the method provided by the present application, the static route network may be a route network generated according to a map, and road conditions such as a current traffic condition and a road construction condition.
In the embodiment of the application, the distance can be measured from different dimensions by using different specified physical quantities, and the target interest point can be searched according to the measurement result, so that the practicability of the search result can be improved, and the convenience of searching the target interest point by a user can also be improved. Specifically, the specified physical quantity corresponding to the route may include: the length of the leg, or a specified type of resource consumed over the leg; the former physical quantity can be used for directly measuring the distance, and the latter physical quantity can be used for indirectly measuring the distance. Accordingly, the dimensions include, but are not limited to: length dimension, time dimension, currency dimension, energy dimension, and the like. In practical applications, the value of the latter physical quantity can be determined by conversion from the value of the former physical quantity, and the specific description will be given mainly for the latter physical quantity.
When the specified physical quantity corresponding to the route includes a resource of a specified type consumed by passing through the route, determining a value of the specified physical quantity corresponding to the route according to a predetermined transportation mode and the route, wherein the process specifically includes: determining relevant information of the route according to the route, wherein the relevant information of the route comprises: the length of the route and/or the road condition corresponding to the route; and determining the quantity of the resources of the specified type consumed by the route in the preset traffic mode according to the relevant information of the route. The present application does not limit the specific implementation of each step of the process, and generally, each step may be implemented based on the corresponding travel speed of each transportation mode.
For example, according to the length of the route and the traveling speed corresponding to the preset transportation mode, the value of the time consumed for passing the route by the preset transportation mode can be determined.
For another example, for a vehicle (assumed to be an automobile) used in a preset transportation mode, the fuel consumption of the automobile may have a certain proportional relationship with the traveling speed, and the traveling speed corresponding to the preset transportation mode (that is, the traveling speed of the automobile) may determine the fuel consumption of the automobile, and further, the amount of the gasoline consumed for driving the automobile through a route may be determined according to the length of the route and the fuel consumption of the automobile.
Further, the traveling speed corresponding to each preset traffic mode may be preset by the map application, or may be set by the map application after estimation according to the road condition of the route. For example, for an interest point that can be reached by taking a taxi from a reference position for 10 minutes when the road condition is good and the traffic is smooth, in the case of poor road condition and traffic jam, it is estimated that the interest point can be reached by taking the taxi from the reference position for 30 minutes, in the two scenes, corresponding traveling speeds can be respectively set for a traffic mode of "taxi", and assuming that the traveling speed set in the former scene is 60 kilometers per hour, the traveling speed can be set to 20 kilometers per hour in the latter scene. Furthermore, the user may set the traveling speed corresponding to some transportation modes, for example, for a transportation mode such as "drive by oneself", the driving speeds of different users may be different, and therefore, the user may set the traveling speed of the drive by himself/herself, so that the accuracy of determining the amount of the resource consumed over the route may be improved.
In a first scenario, the set threshold may be freely input by the user in the map application, and since the execution subject cannot predict the set threshold input by the user in advance, the execution subject may determine in real time whether the distance between each interest point and the reference position meets the specified condition, that is, determine in real time whether the distance characterizing value corresponding to the distance is not less than the set threshold in step S103; and if so, adding the interest point into the search result. In practical applications, the executing subject does not need to perform the determination operation on each point of interest on the map, but only needs to perform the determination operation on some specific points of interest.
For convenience of understanding, in practical applications, a specific implementation method of the above steps S103 to S104 is described below by way of example, and it is assumed that the execution subject is an intelligent terminal.
Assuming that the user selects the current position of the user on the map, the traffic mode is preset to be 'walking'. The user sends a search request to the intelligent terminal, and the search request is represented as: "search for a bus stop whose walking distance from the current position is within 1 km in length". After the intelligent terminal receives the search request, the reference position may be determined as "the current position of the intelligent terminal" through the step S102. In this scenario, the route in step S103 is a route that can be traveled by walking between the point of interest and the current location, the specified physical quantity corresponding to the route is the length of the route, and the physical quantity threshold in step S104 is 1 km.
The intelligent terminal can respectively judge whether the length of the distance between the bus station and the current position is not more than 1 kilometer or not aiming at each bus station on the map, and if so, the bus station is determined as a target interest point, namely, a search result.
In practical application, for the search request, the intelligent terminal may not search the whole map, but may narrow the search range to: a circular area with the reference position as the center of a circle and the radius of 1 kilometer. The reason is that the lengths of the routes between the bus stations outside the circular area and the reference position are all longer than 1 km, and furthermore, the above-described determination operation may not be performed on the bus stations outside the circular area, so that the processing load of the intelligent terminal may be reduced, and the search efficiency may be improved.
The intelligent terminal can determine each bus station in the circular area according to the point of interest data in the map application, and then screen out the bus stations with the distance between the bus stations and the reference position being not more than 1 kilometer as a search result. For ease of understanding, this example will be further described below with reference to fig. 2 to 4.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a search range for searching for a point of interest in an actual application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application. In fig. 2, a large circle area with a circle center at point a and a radius of 1 km is used as a search range, point a is used as a reference position, and points B (bus station 1), C (bus station 2) and D (bus station 3) are all bus stations within the search range. It is assumed that in fig. 2, other areas than 4 buildings and rivers can be used as paths available for walking.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of determining a distance between a reference position and a point of interest in fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The distance is a length of a single-arrow line between each point in fig. 3, and it can be determined through calculation that only the distance between the point D and the point a is not longer than 1 km, in this case, in fig. 3, the method for searching for the interest point on the map provided by the embodiment of the present application is adopted, and the determined search result includes: a bus station 3.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the shortest straight-line distance between the reference position and the interest point determined in fig. 2, which is provided in the prior art. The shortest straight-line distance is the length of a single-arrow line between each point in fig. 3, and it can be determined that the lengths of the routes between the point B, the point C, the point D, and the point a are not greater than 1 km, in this case, in fig. 3, if the method for searching for an interest point on a map provided in the prior art is adopted, the determined search result includes: bus station 1, bus station 2, bus station 3.
Taking bus station 1 as an example, the present application is compared with the prior art. Assume that the user selects the bus station 1 among the bus stations searched out in the prior art, and intends to go to the bus station 1 from the reference position. However, since a river is spaced between the reference position and the bus station 1, the user cannot go to the bus station 1 according to the shortest straight line shown in fig. 2, but needs to go around to the bus station 1 through a bridge on the river, in which case, according to the route shown in fig. 3, the length of the route between the reference position and the bus station 1 is much longer than 1 km, and thus, the bus station 1 searched by the prior art is an impractical search result for the user; for the bus station 3 searched by the method provided by the application, the user starts from the reference position and goes to the bus station 3, and the length of the distance between the users is not more than 1 kilometer, so that the bus station 3 searched by the method provided by the application is a practical search result.
In the embodiment of the present application, steps S103 to S104 may be performed by other methods than the above-described method, and the method is not limited in the present application. For example, the search may be performed by a method of gradually expanding the search range by taking the reference position as a center, and as described in the above example, the intelligent terminal may sequentially screen the bus stations whose distance from the reference position is not greater than 1 km from the bus stations whose radiuses are within the ranges of 200 m, 200-400 m, 400-600 m, 600-800 m, and 800-1 km by taking the reference position as a center, and return the search results of each time to the user in real time, without returning the total search results after all searches are completed. Correspondingly, if the user thinks that the returned search result is enough, the search operation of the intelligent terminal can be terminated at any time. Because the user generally tends to select the interest points with the distance closer to the user, the implementation method can quickly search the interest points with the distance closest to the user, and therefore, the implementation method can improve the searching efficiency.
In a second scenario, the smart terminal may provide a plurality of thresholds (e.g., 500 meters, 1 kilometer, 2 kilometers, etc.) in advance for the user to select one threshold from the thresholds as the set threshold. In this case, the execution subject may search in advance for an interest point for which a route characterizing value corresponding to a route between the specified interest points is not greater than a set threshold value for the specified interest point, and store a search result, where the search result may be stored in the interest point data of the specified interest point, or the search result may be stored separately, and a correspondence between the search result and the specified interest point is stored.
In this case, if the user sends a search request later, the search result corresponding to the search request may be searched for in the stored search results, and the searched search result may be returned to the user. Thus, the efficiency of executing the subject to process the search request is improved.
In the above example, the specified physical quantity corresponding to the route may be the length of the route or a specified type of resource consumed through the route. The resource is time for example.
In this case, the user may send another search request to the smart terminal, which is expressed as: "search for a bus stop that can be reached within 10 minutes by walking from the current position". In this case, the route in step S103 is a route that can be traveled between the point of interest and the current position, the specified physical quantity corresponding to the route is the time to be consumed to travel the route, and the physical quantity threshold in step S104 is 10 minutes.
Assuming that the traveling speed corresponding to the walking transportation mode is set to 6 kilometers per hour according to the determined length of the route and the road condition corresponding to the route, the other search request and the previous search request may have the same search result as the previous search request, except that the other search request is used for measuring the route from the length dimension and the previous search request is used for measuring the route from the time dimension, because the walking of the other search request can be performed for 1 kilometer in 10 minutes. Of course, in this example, when the traveling speed corresponding to the walking transportation mode is not set to 6 km/h, the search results corresponding to the other search request and the previous search request may not be the same.
Further, according to the foregoing description, the resource may be money, gasoline, electric energy, etc., in addition to time. Accordingly, the user may also initiate a search request to the smart terminal, such as:
searching for subway stations which can be reached within 20 Yuan RMB when a car rental is taken from the current position;
searching for a hotel which can be reached within 1 liter of gasoline consumed by self-driving from the current position;
searching a gymnasium which can be reached when the user rides the electric bicycle and consumes less than half of electric quantity from the current position;
searching a shopping square which can be reached within 30 minutes by adopting at least one transportation mode of subway, public transport and walking from the current position; and so on.
It can be seen that since the distance can be measured from different dimensions, and then the target interest point is searched for the user based on the measurement result, the operation of the user is facilitated, the user experience can be improved, and the search result with higher practicability is provided for the user.
In this embodiment of the application, after the execution of the above steps S101 to S104, the execution main body may return a search result, or perform other operations based on the search result, which is not limited in this application.
Based on the same idea, the method for searching for a point of interest on a map provided in the embodiment of the present application further provides a corresponding apparatus for searching for a point of interest on a map, as shown in fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for searching for a point of interest on a map according to an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes:
areceiving module 501, configured to receive a search request;
a first determiningmodule 502, configured to determine a reference position according to the search request;
a second determiningmodule 503, configured to determine a value of a specified physical quantity corresponding to a distance between each point of interest in the point of interest set and the reference position; wherein the set of points of interest consists of points of interest on the map;
a searchingmodule 504, configured to determine, according to the determined values of the specified physical quantities and a preset physical quantity threshold, a target interest point in the interest points as a search result.
When the search request indicates a search keyword, the second determiningmodule 503 is specifically configured to: determining each interest point matched with the search keyword in the interest point set; determining a value of a designated physical quantity corresponding to the distance between each interest point and the reference position;
when the search request indicates a function category, the second determiningmodule 503 is specifically configured to: determining each interest point belonging to the function category in the interest point set; determining a value of a specified physical quantity corresponding to the distance between the point of interest and the reference position.
The second determiningmodule 503 is specifically configured to determine the value of the specified physical quantity corresponding to the distance between the point of interest and the reference position according to the following method: determining a distance between the interest point and the reference position under the condition of adopting a preset traffic mode according to the preset traffic mode and a preset path algorithm; and determining the value of the designated physical quantity corresponding to the route according to the preset traffic mode and the route.
The specified physical quantities corresponding to the routes include: the length of the leg, or a specified type of resource consumed over the leg.
When the specified physical quantity corresponding to the route includes a specified type of resource consumed by passing through the route, the second determiningmodule 503 is specifically configured to: determining relevant information of the route according to the route, wherein the relevant information of the route comprises: the length of the route and/or the road condition corresponding to the route; and determining the quantity of the resources of the specified type consumed by the route in the preset traffic mode according to the relevant information of the route.
The specific device shown in fig. 5 may be located on a terminal or a server.
The embodiment of the application provides a method and a device for searching interest points on a map, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving a search request; determining a reference position according to the search request; determining the value of a designated physical quantity corresponding to the distance between each interest point in the interest point set and the reference position; wherein the set of points of interest consists of points of interest on the map; and determining target interest points in the interest points as search results according to the determined values of the designated physical quantities and preset physical quantity thresholds. By the method, the distance can be measured from different dimensions for different specified physical quantities, the measurement result is the value of the specified physical quantity, and the measurement result can reflect the actual distance required for the user to travel to the target interest point from the reference position or the actually consumed resources, so that the search result determined according to the value of each specified physical quantity and the preset threshold value of the physical quantity has better practicability.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The use of the phrase "including a" does not exclude the presence of other, identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the same element, whether or not the same element is present in all of the same element.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.