技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水利设施领域，具体而言涉及一种水利设施诱发地震监控方法。The invention relates to the field of water conservancy facilities, in particular to a method for monitoring earthquakes induced by water conservancy facilities.
背景技术Background technique
大型水库诱发周边产生地震的问题，已有多位专家从不同的角度进行了研究。以丹江口水库为例，研究结果表明：从1969年11月初期工程下闸蓄水后，库区地震活动频度显著上升，当水位超过140m高程时，地震活动明显增加，并先后在光化县林茂山附近(发震时间为1972年4月)和淅川县宋湾附近发生震群活动(发震时间为1973年11月至12月),最大地震为1973年11月30日淅川宋湾附近的MS4.3级(震中烈度Ⅵ度)，有1900余间房屋损坏。1974年以前的地震活动，呈现出与库水水位变化有正相关现象，具有水库诱发地震的明显特征，1974年以后的地震活动同水库水位的关系表现不十分明显。但在1977年8月6日距坝址仅10余公里的凉水河发生了Ms3.8级地震，引起电站跳闸、副坝开裂等次生灾害，直接影响到大坝及附属工程的运行安全。The problem of large reservoirs inducing earthquakes in the surrounding area has been studied by many experts from different angles. Taking the Danjiangkou Reservoir as an example, the research results show that the frequency of seismic activity in the reservoir area has increased significantly since the initial construction of the sluice in November 1969. When the water level exceeds 140m, the seismic activity has increased significantly. Earthquake swarms occurred near Linmao Mountain (the earthquake occurred in April 1972) and near Songwan in Xichuan County (the earthquake occurred from November to December 1973). The largest earthquake occurred on November 30, 1973 near Songwan in Xichuan County. The MS4.3 level (epicenter intensity VI degree), more than 1900 houses were damaged. The seismic activity before 1974 showed a positive correlation with the change of the reservoir water level, which has the obvious characteristics of reservoir-induced earthquakes. The relationship between the seismic activity after 1974 and the reservoir water level is not very obvious. However, on August 6, 1977, an Ms3.8 earthquake occurred in Liangshui River, which is only 10 kilometers away from the dam site, causing secondary disasters such as tripping of the power station and cracking of the auxiliary dam, which directly affected the operation safety of the dam and its auxiliary projects.
目前尚没有权威的理论研究预测水利工程蓄水与周边发生地震的直接关系，但是水利工程建成后其周边地震的频率提高对于水利工程建筑安全造成不利影响却是现实存在的。因此，研究水利设施特别是大型水库对周边地震的影响，探寻大型水利设施建设与地震之间的规律是一个十分重要的课题。At present, there is no authoritative theoretical research to predict the direct relationship between water storage of water conservancy projects and surrounding earthquakes, but the increase in the frequency of surrounding earthquakes after the completion of water conservancy projects has adverse effects on the safety of water conservancy projects, but it is a reality. Therefore, it is a very important subject to study the impact of water conservancy facilities, especially large reservoirs, on surrounding earthquakes, and to explore the law between the construction of large water conservancy facilities and earthquakes.
上述研究需要大量的数据积累和对水库周边基于水库诱发地震的持续监控，因而如何设置合适的监控方法，从而提高对于大型水利设施诱发地震的监控能力是一个需要解决的问题。The above research requires a large amount of data accumulation and continuous monitoring of reservoir-induced earthquakes around the reservoir. Therefore, how to set up an appropriate monitoring method to improve the monitoring ability of large-scale water conservancy facilities-induced earthquakes is a problem that needs to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明正是基于现有技术的上述需求而提出的，本发明的发明目的在于提供一种水利设施诱发地震的监控方法，以提高对水利设施附近地震的监控能力。The present invention is proposed based on the above requirements of the prior art. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring earthquakes induced by water conservancy facilities, so as to improve the ability to monitor earthquakes near the water conservancy facilities.
为了解决上述问题,根据本发明的一个方面提供了一种水利设施诱发地震监控方法，所述方法包括：构建多个台站、构建数据传输网络、设置数据汇总单元与设置数据分析处理单元。In order to solve the above problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a water conservancy facility induced earthquake monitoring method is provided. The method includes: constructing multiple stations, constructing a data transmission network, setting a data summarization unit and a data analysis and processing unit.
根据本发明另一个方面提供了一种水利设施诱发地震监控方法，所述方法包括：构建多个台站、构建数据传输网络、设置数据汇总单元与设置数据分析处理单元；According to another aspect of the present invention, a water conservancy facility induced earthquake monitoring method is provided, the method comprising: constructing multiple stations, constructing a data transmission network, setting a data summarization unit and setting a data analysis and processing unit;
其中，所述台站包括多个，分布在水利设施的周围，用于感测水利设施周围地震数据；所述多个台站分为第一部分台站、第二部分台站和第三部分台站；每一个台站包括短周期地震计、数据采集器GPS模块和电源模块；所述短周期地震计用于感测低强度地震的各种参数；所述GPS模块用于确定台站的地理位置，并且为各个台站，以及台站中的各个设备提供统一的计时基准；所述数据采集器，用于采集所述短周期地震计和所述GPS模块的数据，并将其传送给数据传输网络；所述电源模块，其包括太阳能电源、电源控制器、蓄电池，太阳能电源、蓄电池分别与电源控制器相连，通过电源控制器的电力输出口输出电力，采用蓄电池和太阳能电池组合供电；数据传输网络包括台站数据传输模块和库区数据汇总单元，所述台站数据传输模块包括超短通讯模块和台站光纤通讯模块；第一部分台站上设置有所述超短波电台，仅通过上述超短波电台将所述第一部分台站的信息发送出去；第二部分台站上设置有超短波通讯模块和台站光纤通讯模块，所述超短波通讯模块接收来自第一部分台站上的超短波信号，并将来自所述第一部分台站的信号和第二部分台站的信号汇总，通过所述台站光纤通讯模块发送出去；第三部分台站设置有台站光纤通讯模块，所述光纤通讯模块仅将所述第三部分台站的信息发送出去；所述数据汇总单元包含超短波通信模块、光纤通信模块、数据存储模块，所述超短波通信模块接收来自设置于所述第一部分台站的超短波电台的信号，并将上述信号转换为地震监测数据；所述光纤通信模块接收来自于所述第二部分台站和第三部分台站传送来的光纤信号，并将上述信号转换为地震监测数据；所述数据分析处理单元接收来自所述地震监测数据，以便为水利设施诱发地震的规律提供研究资料；构建所述多个台站的方法包括，步骤101台址粗选,根据拟建台站布局原则，初步圈定台址所在区域；其中，所述布局原则包括:(1)台网台站布置在电站库区,并确保台网在重点监测区地震监测能力达到ML≥0.5级,定位精度优于1km；所述测震台网重点监区包括下游距坝址5～10km、上游距坝址30～40km、两侧距库岸5～10km的范围；(2)使遥测地震台站在重点监测区内均匀的分布，并形成多个三角形；(3)在主要断裂周围设置台站的间距在10Km以内；步骤102建筑环境勘测，在粗选台址区域内进行实地踏勘，察看建造场地条件，选择符合建筑要求的台址；所述建筑要求包括：台基应建在出露完整的基岩上；台站征地面积不小于100m2，观测室面积不小于12m2；步骤103干扰背景勘察，在台址区域的多个位置进行干扰背景的勘察进一步选择多个合适的台址，台址的背景振动速度噪声低于1×10-7m/s,背景振动加速度噪声低于2×10-9m/s2；步骤104通信勘测，遥测台站在方法内的通信状况，保证信号传输信道畅通；步骤105确定台址。Wherein, the stations include a plurality of stations distributed around the water conservancy facilities for sensing seismic data around the water conservancy facilities; the plurality of stations are divided into a first part of stations, a second part of stations and a third part of stations Each station includes a short-period seismometer, a data collector GPS module and a power supply module; the short-period seismometer is used to sense various parameters of low-intensity earthquakes; the GPS module is used to determine the geographic location of the station position, and provide a unified timing reference for each station and each device in the station; the data collector is used to collect the data of the short-period seismometer and the GPS module, and transmit it to the data Transmission network; the power module, which includes a solar power supply, a power controller, and a storage battery, and the solar power supply and the storage battery are respectively connected to the power controller, and output power through the power output port of the power controller, and are powered by a combination of a storage battery and a solar battery; data The transmission network includes a station data transmission module and a data collection unit in the reservoir area. The station data transmission module includes an ultrashort communication module and a station optical fiber communication module; The radio station sends out the information of the first part of the station; the second part of the station is provided with an ultrashort wave communication module and a station optical fiber communication module, and the ultrashort wave communication module receives the ultrashort wave signal from the first part of the station and transmits the signal from the first part of the station. The signals of the first part of the station and the signals of the second part of the station are summarized and sent out through the optical fiber communication module of the station; the third part of the station is provided with a station optical fiber communication module, and the optical fiber communication module only transmits all The information of the third part of the station is sent out; the data collection unit includes an ultrashort wave communication module, an optical fiber communication module, and a data storage module, and the ultrashort wave communication module receives a signal from an ultrashort wave station arranged at the first part of the station, And convert the above-mentioned signal into seismic monitoring data; the optical fiber communication module receives the optical fiber signal transmitted from the second part of the station and the third part of the station, and converts the above-mentioned signal into seismic monitoring data; the data The analysis and processing unit receives the earthquake monitoring data, so as to provide research data for the law of earthquake induced by water conservancy facilities; the method of constructing the plurality of stations includes, step 101 rough selection of station sites, according to the layout principle of the proposed station, preliminary Delineate the area where the station site is located; wherein, the layout principles include: (1) the station network station is arranged in the power station reservoir area, and ensure that the earthquake monitoring capability of the station network reaches ML≥0.5 in the key monitoring area, and the positioning accuracy is better than 1km; The key monitoring area of the seismic station network includes the range of 5-10km downstream from the dam site, 30-40km upstream from the dam site, and 5-10km from the reservoir bank on both sides; (2) make the telemetry seismic station stand in the key monitoring area Evenly distributed, and form multiple triangles; (3) Set the distance between the stations around the main fracture within 10Km; Step 102 Architectural environmental survey, conduct field survey in the rough selection of station site area, check the construction site conditions, select The site of the building requirements; the building requirements include: the platform foundation should be built on the exposed and complete foundation on the rock; the land acquisition area of the station is not less than 100m2 , and the area of the observation room is not less than 12m2 ; step 103 interference background survey, the interference background survey is carried out at multiple positions in the site area and further select multiple suitable sites. The background vibration velocity noise is lower than 1×10-7m/s, and the background vibration acceleration noise is lower than 2×10-9m/s2 ; step 104 communication survey, telemetry station communication status within the method, to ensure smooth signal transmission channel; Step 105 determines the station address.
根据上述方法，本发明能够准确快速地测量水库诱发地震的多个参数，为分析水库诱发地震的规律提供了方法支持。According to the above method, the present invention can accurately and quickly measure multiple parameters of reservoir-induced earthquakes, and provides method support for analyzing the law of reservoir-induced earthquakes.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例方法的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment method of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例中的一种台站部分结构的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a station in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例中另外一种台站结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another station structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行进一步说明。需要指出的是，下述具体实施方式仅仅是本发明的一种优选的方式，并不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be pointed out that the following specific implementation is only a preferred mode of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明的方法包括构建台站、构建数据传输网络、构建数据汇总单元与构建数据分析处理单元。As shown in Fig. 1, the method of the present invention includes building a station, building a data transmission network, building a data summarization unit and building a data analysis and processing unit.
其中，所述台站包括多个，分布在水利设施的周围，用于感测水利设施周围地震情况。Wherein, the stations include a plurality of stations distributed around the water conservancy facilities for sensing earthquake conditions around the water conservancy facilities.
一种台站的结构如图2所示，其包括短周期地震计、数据采集器GPS模块和电源模块。The structure of a station is shown in Figure 2, which includes a short-period seismometer, a data collector GPS module and a power supply module.
所述短周期地震计能够灵敏地感测低强度地震的各种参数。基于对水利设施周边地震的统计可知，水利设施周边引发的地震大多强度较弱，通过上述短周期地震计能够灵敏地监测各种强度的地震，从而为水利设施周边地震的准确监控提供了合适的传感器平台。短周期地震计在现有技术中已经广泛应用，例如港震公司生产的FSS-3M地震计。本发明将其应用于水利设施地震监控台网使得水利设施附近的地震能够进行有效检测。The short-period seismometer is capable of sensitively sensing various parameters of low-intensity earthquakes. Based on the statistics of earthquakes around water conservancy facilities, most of the earthquakes around water conservancy facilities are weak in intensity. The above-mentioned short-period seismometer can sensitively monitor earthquakes of various intensities, thus providing a suitable method for accurate monitoring of earthquakes around water conservancy facilities. sensor platform. Short-period seismometers have been widely used in the prior art, such as the FSS-3M seismometer produced by Gangzheng Company. The invention applies it to the earthquake monitoring network of water conservancy facilities so that earthquakes near the water conservancy facilities can be effectively detected.
GPS模块，所述GPS模块用于确定台站的地理位置，并且为各个台站，以及台站中的各个设备提供统一的计时基准。A GPS module, the GPS module is used to determine the geographic location of the station, and provide a unified timing reference for each station and each device in the station.
数据采集单器，所述数据采集器用于采集所述短周期地震计和所述GPS模块的数据，并将其传送给数据传输网络。进一步地，所述数据采集器还优选适于汇总本台站的监测信息和其它台站发送来的监测信息。A single data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is used to collect the data of the short-period seismometer and the GPS module, and transmit it to the data transmission network. Further, the data collector is also preferably suitable for summarizing the monitoring information of the own station and the monitoring information sent by other stations.
所述电源模块，采用蓄电池和太阳能电池组合供电。上述电源模块是本发明具有突出的实质性特点的供电方式。其包括太阳能电源、电源控制器、蓄电池。太阳能电源、蓄电池分别与电源控制器相连，通过电源控制器的电力输出口输出电力。所述电源控制器检测所述太阳能电源和所述蓄电池的状态，当所述太阳能电源产生电力的功率足够时由所述太阳能电源。由于台站通常分布在野外环境，存在供电困难等问题，因此，采用上述电源由于主要通过太阳能供电，能够给台站在野外的布置提供较大的选择余地，同时采用蓄电池和太阳能电源的组合能够弥补太阳能电源的不足，从而提供稳定的电力。The power module is powered by a battery and a solar cell combination. The above-mentioned power supply module is a power supply mode with prominent substantive features of the present invention. It includes a solar power supply, a power controller, and a storage battery. The solar power supply and the storage battery are respectively connected with the power controller, and the power is output through the power output port of the power controller. The power controller detects the states of the solar power source and the storage battery, and when the power of the solar power source is sufficient, the solar power source generates electricity. Because the stations are usually distributed in the field environment, there are problems such as power supply difficulties, therefore, the use of the above-mentioned power supply can provide a large choice for the layout of the station station in the field because it is mainly powered by solar energy. Make up for the lack of solar power, thus providing stable power.
为了分析水利设施与诱发地震的关系，需要在水利设施周边进行其独有的台站(地震计)布局。例如，如果设置过多的台站会造成成本的增加，过少的台站则不能够准确测量所需的数据；又例如，由于水利设施周边的环境所限，设置台站除了考虑数据监测需求之外还要考虑台站建筑本身的需求；再例如，台站的位置需要反映出水利设施诱发地震的特点以便能准确反映水利设施诱发地震的特点。因此在水库诱发地震监控中，对于台站的设置至关重要。In order to analyze the relationship between water conservancy facilities and induced earthquakes, it is necessary to carry out their unique station (seismometer) layout around the water conservancy facilities. For example, if too many stations are set up, the cost will increase, and too few stations will not be able to accurately measure the required data; for another example, due to the environmental constraints around the water conservancy facilities, setting up stations in addition to considering the data monitoring requirements In addition, the needs of the station building itself must be considered; for another example, the location of the station needs to reflect the characteristics of the earthquake induced by the water conservancy facility so as to accurately reflect the characteristics of the earthquake induced by the water conservancy facility. Therefore, in the monitoring of reservoir-induced earthquakes, it is very important for the setting of stations.
本发明实施例中提供了监测台站的布局方式，使得上述台站能够相互之间一致协作准确测量相应的水库诱发地震数据。The embodiment of the present invention provides the layout of the monitoring stations, so that the above stations can cooperate with each other to accurately measure the corresponding seismic data induced by the reservoir.
为了准确选择传感器的位置，本发明实施方式中采用如下方法来进行。In order to accurately select the position of the sensor, the following method is adopted in the embodiment of the present invention.
步骤101台址粗选。首先根据拟建台站布局原则，初步圈定台址所在区域。Step 101 rough selection of station site. Firstly, according to the layout principle of the proposed station, the area where the station site is located is preliminarily delineated.
台址初选的具体方法包括:收集台址附近的地震活动、地震地质、水文地质、岩性、地貌、气象资料；以及工业、交通、水利、电力、通讯等方面的现状和规划资料，根据布局原则进行综合分析，在1:5或1:10万比例尺的地质图或地形图上确定预选台址的初步范围。The specific methods for preliminary site selection include: collecting seismic activity, seismic geology, hydrogeology, lithology, landform, and meteorological data near the site; Comprehensive analysis of the layout principles is carried out, and the preliminary range of the pre-selected station site is determined on the geological map or topographic map with a scale of 1:5 or 1:100,000.
其中，所述布局原则包括:Wherein, the layout principles include:
(1)台网台站主要布置在电站库区,并确保台网在重点监测区地震监测能力达到ML≥0.5级,定位精度优于1km。测震台网重点监区包括下游距坝址5～10km、上游距坝址30～40km、两侧距库岸5～10km的范围，以及可能发生地震强度5级以上(含5级)或震中烈度Ⅵ度以上水库地震的其它库段。(1) The stations of the station network are mainly arranged in the power station reservoir area, and ensure that the earthquake monitoring capability of the station network in the key monitoring area reaches ML≥0.5, and the positioning accuracy is better than 1km. The key monitoring areas of the seismograph network include the range of 5-10km downstream from the dam site, 30-40km upstream from the dam site, and 5-10km from the reservoir bank on both sides, and areas where earthquakes with an intensity of magnitude 5 or above (including magnitude 5) or epicenters may occur. Other reservoir sections of reservoir earthquakes with intensity VI above.
(2)使遥测地震台站在重点监测区内均匀的分布，并形成多个三角形,避免台站分布在一条直线上，影响定位准确性。这种布局方式可以保证在重点监测区具有足够的监控能力和准确计算地震位置的能力，通过上述布局建设的台站网能够使用交切法，通过地震活动产生的横波和纵波在地下传播速度的不同，利用两种波形的时间差计算出地震震中距离台站的距离，多个台站监测的结果交切计算后，就可以得出地震震中的位置。(2) Make the telemetry seismic stations evenly distributed in the key monitoring area and form multiple triangles to avoid the distribution of stations on a straight line, which will affect the positioning accuracy. This layout method can ensure sufficient monitoring capabilities and the ability to accurately calculate the location of earthquakes in key monitoring areas. The station network constructed through the above layout can use the intersection method, and the shear wave and longitudinal wave generated by seismic activity can be calculated according to the underground propagation speed. Different, the distance between the earthquake epicenter and the station is calculated by using the time difference of the two waveforms, and the location of the earthquake epicenter can be obtained after the results of monitoring at multiple stations are intersected and calculated.
(3)在台站布设时，要考虑加强对库区主要断裂的监控。所述主要断裂是指在水利设施周围，存在的主要地壳断裂带，上述断裂带是容易产生的地震的区域，一般手段是在主要断裂区加密布置地震台站，使地震台站网络完整包围住断裂带，提供更精确详细的监测数据。在水利设施周围靠近所述地壳断裂带的区域设置台站的间距应在10Km以内。(3) In the layout of stations, it is necessary to consider strengthening the monitoring of the main faults in the reservoir area. The main fault refers to the main crustal fault zone that exists around the water conservancy facilities. The above-mentioned fault zone is an area prone to earthquakes. The general method is to densely arrange seismic stations in the main fault zone so that the seismic station network completely surrounds the Fault zone, providing more accurate and detailed monitoring data. The distance between the stations set up in the area around the water conservancy facility close to the crustal fault zone should be within 10Km.
步骤102建筑环境勘测。在粗选台址区域内进行实地踏勘，察看建造场地条件，选择符合建筑要求的台址。Step 102: Building environment survey. Carry out on-site survey in the area of roughly selected site, inspect the conditions of the construction site, and select a site that meets the construction requirements.
所述建筑要求包括：台基应建在出露完整的基岩上，地震台台基应选择在覆盖层较薄，岩性坚硬、完整、致密的基岩上，如花岗岩、辉绿岩、石英砂或灰岩等，不能选择在风化层、卵石层和砂土层上。The building requirements include: the foundation should be built on the exposed and complete bedrock, and the foundation of the seismic station should be selected on the bedrock with a thin covering layer, hard, complete and dense lithology, such as granite, diabase, quartz sand, etc. Or limestone, etc., cannot be selected on the weathered layer, pebble layer and sand layer.
台站征地面积不小于100m2，观测室面积不小于12m2台址宜选在较低处，要避开风口或可能生产滑坡、洪涝等自然灾害的地区。The land acquisition area of the station is not less than 100m2 , and the area of the observation room is not less than 12m2 . The site should be selected at a lower place, avoiding tuyere or areas where natural disasters such as landslides and floods may occur.
井下观测可以利用各种工业钻孔井，包括石油、水温、地址等钻孔，但必须有完整的钻井资料。若自建观测井应尽量在基岩内钻孔，无法达到基岩的，应在致密土层内钻孔。Downhole observation can use various industrial drilling wells, including drilling for oil, water temperature, address, etc., but there must be complete drilling data. If the self-built observation well should be drilled in the bedrock as much as possible, if the bedrock cannot be reached, it should be drilled in the dense soil layer.
步骤103干扰背景勘察。在台址区域的多个位置进行干扰背景的勘察，进一步选择多个合适的台址。台址的背景振动速度噪声低于1×10-7m/s,背景振动加速度噪声低于2×10-9m/s2。Step 103 interferes with the background survey. Conduct interference background surveys at multiple locations in the site area, and further select multiple suitable sites. The background vibration velocity noise of the station site is lower than 1×10-7m/s, and the background vibration acceleration noise is lower than 2×10-9m/s2 .
对于背景噪声的控制，本发明优选地实行的规范具体参见下表：For the control of background noise, the specifications preferably implemented by the present invention are specifically referred to in the following table:
表一Table I
此外，优选地台站应选在避风的山坡上，并且避开风口。In addition, preferably the station should be selected on a hillside sheltered from the wind, and avoid the tuyere.
观测场地干扰背景噪声水平是直接影响台站地震监测能力的主要因素，在选台时要对地脉动噪声进行测试，由于同一范围较小的区域内，不同地点和不同时段的干扰噪声会存在较大差异，因此要求对每个观测点至少进行24小时的连续记录，并从中选择不同时段的测量结果进行平谱分析。The interference background noise level of the observation site is the main factor that directly affects the earthquake monitoring capability of the station. When selecting a station, it is necessary to test the ground pulse noise. Because in the same small area, there will be more interference noise at different locations and different periods. Therefore, at least 24 hours of continuous recording is required for each observation point, and the measurement results of different periods are selected for flat spectrum analysis.
步骤104，通信勘测，遥测台站在方法内的通信状况，必须保证信号传输信道畅通。Step 104, communication survey, telemetering the communication status of the station in the method, it is necessary to ensure that the signal transmission channel is unblocked.
选择无线传输信道的台站应考虑与台网中心或中继站之间的通视条件；选择有线传输信道的台站要考虑DDN或其它线路条件。Stations that choose wireless transmission channels should consider the conditions of communication with the network center or relay stations; stations that choose wired transmission channels should consider DDN or other line conditions.
有线传输台站要测试与电信部门之间的线路误码率，利用有线信道传输实时地震波形时地震波形数据必须采用专线，传输速率应≥19200bps，误码率低于10-7。无线传输台站要测试台站与中继站或台网中心之间的信道场强和信道误码情况。超短波信道场强的电平余量，一般情况下应≥30dB,信噪比≥20dB，优选采用全双工或半双工双向信道。The cable transmission station should test the bit error rate of the line with the telecommunications department. When using the cable channel to transmit real-time seismic waveform data, the seismic waveform data must use a dedicated line, the transmission rate should be ≥ 19200bps, and the bit error rate should be lower than 10-7 . The wireless transmission station should test the channel field strength and channel bit error between the station and the relay station or the station network center. The level margin of ultrashort wave channel field strength should be ≥30dB under normal circumstances, and the signal-to-noise ratio should be ≥20dB. Full-duplex or half-duplex two-way channels are preferred.
步骤105确定台址。对各预选台址的踏勘和测试资料进行分析对比，确定备选台址。Step 105 determines the station address. Analyze and compare the reconnaissance and test data of each pre-selected station site to determine the candidate station site.
步骤106试记。在确定台址后进行试记，选干扰较大的季节试记3个月以上，试记结果。背景振动速度噪声应低于1×10-7m/s,背景振动加速度噪声应低于2×10-9m/s2，符合要求后，才能最后定点建台。有线传输地震台要用三分向地震仪在当地或传回台网中心试记；无线传输地震台除用三分向地震仪在当地试记外，必须至少将垂直向信号传回逃亡中心(或中继站)试记。Step 106 trial record. After determining the station site, carry out a test record, choose a season with greater interference for more than 3 months, and record the results. The background vibration velocity noise should be lower than 1×10-7 m/s, and the background vibration acceleration noise should be lower than 2×10-9 m/s2 . Only when the requirements are met can the station be built at a fixed point. The wired transmission seismic station must use the three-point seismometer to record locally or send it back to the station network center; the wireless transmission seismic station must at least transmit the vertical signal back to the escape center ( or relay station) test record.
水利设施通常位于地形复杂的地区，例如水库的库区通常位于山区或丘陵地区，并且对于较大的库区而言，例如三峡工程，其需要设置的监控台站数量较多，通常需要数十个的监控台站，为了将上述台站的监测信息有效地汇总与分析本发明的数据传输网络如图1所示。Water conservancy facilities are usually located in areas with complex terrain. For example, the reservoir area of a reservoir is usually located in a mountainous or hilly area, and for a larger reservoir area, such as the Three Gorges Project, it needs to set up a large number of monitoring stations, usually dozens of A monitoring station, in order to effectively summarize and analyze the monitoring information of the above-mentioned stations, the data transmission network of the present invention is shown in Figure 1.
本发明的数据传输网络包括台站数据传输模块，所述台站数据传输模块包括超短通讯模块和台站光纤通讯模块。The data transmission network of the present invention includes a station data transmission module, and the station data transmission module includes an ultra-short communication module and a station optical fiber communication module.
所述超短波电台设置在第一部分台站上，在上述台站位于难以采用光纤等电信网络传输的位置时，通过上述超短波电台将台站的信息发送出去。The ultrashort wave radio station is set on the first part of the station, and when the above station is located in a position where it is difficult to use optical fiber and other telecommunication networks for transmission, the information of the station is sent out through the above ultrashort wave station.
第二部分台站，设置有超短波通讯模块和台站光纤通讯模块，所述超短波通讯模块接收来自第一部分台站上的超短波信号，并将来自所述第一部分台站的信号和第二部分台站的信号汇总，通过所述台站光纤通讯模块发送出去。The second part of the station is provided with an ultrashort wave communication module and a station optical fiber communication module, and the ultrashort wave communication module receives the ultrashort wave signal from the first part of the station, and combines the signal from the first part of the station with the second part of the station The signals of the station are summarized and sent out through the optical fiber communication module of the station.
第三部分台站，所述第三部分台站设置有台站光纤通讯模块，所述光纤通讯模块仅将所述第三部分台站的信息发送出去。A third part of the station, the third part of the station is provided with a station optical fiber communication module, and the optical fiber communication module only sends out the information of the third part of the station.
通过上述三种台站数据传输模块的设置可以在距离较远电信网络铺设困难的地区采用接力的方式将地震监测信号传送出来，同时也能够在电信网络发达的地区利用现有网络，提高通信质量，这样特别符合在水利设置周边的台站的通信需求。这种混合通信的方式并没有在现有技术中使用，也不是本领域的公知常识，从而使得本发明具有进一步突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。Through the setting of the above three station data transmission modules, the earthquake monitoring signal can be transmitted by relay in the area where the telecommunication network is difficult to lay at a long distance. At the same time, the existing network can be used in the area where the telecommunication network is developed to improve the quality of communication. , which is especially in line with the communication needs of stations around water conservancy settings. This hybrid communication method is not used in the prior art, nor is it common knowledge in the field, so that the present invention has further prominent substantive features and remarkable progress.
进一步地，所述数据传输网络还包括库区数据汇总单元，所述数据汇总单元优选设置在水利设施之中，所述数据汇总单元包含超短波通信模块、光纤通信模块、数据存储模块，所述超短波通信模块接收来自设置于所述第一部分台站的超短波电台的信号，并将上述信号转换为地震监测数据。所述光纤通信模块接收来自于所述第二部分台站和第三部分台站传送来的光纤信号，并将上述信号转换为地震监测数据。Further, the data transmission network also includes a data collection unit in the reservoir area, the data collection unit is preferably set in a water conservancy facility, the data collection unit includes an ultrashort wave communication module, an optical fiber communication module, and a data storage module, and the ultrashort wave The communication module receives signals from ultra-short wave stations set at the first part of the stations, and converts the above signals into earthquake monitoring data. The optical fiber communication module receives the optical fiber signals transmitted from the second part of stations and the third part of stations, and converts the above signals into seismic monitoring data.
数据分析处理单元，所述数据分析处理单元接收来自所述地震监测数据分析信号。通过分析处理软件将各个不同站点的传感器监测到的数据进行综合分析处理，对地震事件进行筛查，计算出发震时刻、地点、震级等关键参数。以便为水利设施诱发地震的规律提供研究资料。A data analysis and processing unit, the data analysis and processing unit receives the analysis signal from the seismic monitoring data. Through the analysis and processing software, the data monitored by the sensors at different stations are comprehensively analyzed and processed, the earthquake events are screened, and key parameters such as the time, location, and magnitude of the earthquake are calculated. In order to provide research data for the law of earthquakes induced by water conservancy facilities.
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| CN201611244951.9ACN106597526A (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Reservoir-induced earthquake monitoring method |
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