技术领域technical field
本发明属于电工材料制备技术领域，涉及一种添加Ti元素制备CuW合金的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical material preparation, and relates to a method for preparing CuW alloy by adding Ti element.
背景技术Background technique
由于钨具有高的熔点和强度以及低的热膨胀系数，铜具有良好的导热导电性，所以，铜钨合金表现出优良的耐高温、耐烧蚀、高强度、高硬度等性能。Since tungsten has a high melting point, strength and low thermal expansion coefficient, and copper has good thermal and electrical conductivity, copper-tungsten alloys exhibit excellent properties such as high temperature resistance, ablation resistance, high strength, and high hardness.
常规的CuW触头材料在开断过程中，由于铜的逸出功低且熔点较低，在高温电弧作用下，铜相将产生熔化和喷溅，造成触头材料表面凹凸不平，严重影响输电线路运行的稳定性和可靠性。因此，如何提高触头材料的耐电弧侵蚀性能成为触头材料研究的关键问题。During the breaking process of conventional CuW contact materials, due to the low work function and low melting point of copper, under the action of high-temperature arc, the copper phase will melt and splash, resulting in uneven surface of the contact material, which seriously affects power transmission. Stability and reliability of line operation. Therefore, how to improve the arc erosion resistance of contact materials has become a key issue in the research of contact materials.
在W骨架制备时添加适量的活化元素能明显地改善Cu、W的润湿性，并且具有明显的活化烧结作用，能很好地促进钨粉的致密化和提高W骨架的强度。研究表明，在铜中添加Cr、Ni及Fe等元素，不仅可以提高Cu、 W之间的界面润湿性，还可使Cu/W界面结合由机械结合演变成为冶金结合，进而提高两相界面强度。由二元合金相图可知Ti与W可以形成连续固溶体，且Ti在Cu中也有一定的固溶量。Ti元素的添加可以改善Cu、W的润湿性，有利于提高Cu/W相界面结合强度。另外，经时效时效处理的Cu(Ti) W合金具有良好的强度和导电性，Ti元素的添加可以很好强化弱击穿相-Cu 相，达到提高电触头使用寿命的目的。Adding an appropriate amount of activating elements in the preparation of W skeleton can significantly improve the wettability of Cu and W, and has obvious activation sintering effect, which can well promote the densification of tungsten powder and improve the strength of W skeleton. Studies have shown that adding elements such as Cr, Ni, and Fe to copper can not only improve the interfacial wettability between Cu and W, but also change the Cu/W interfacial bonding from mechanical bonding to metallurgical bonding, thereby improving the interfacial wettability of the two-phase interface. strength. It can be seen from the binary alloy phase diagram that Ti and W can form a continuous solid solution, and Ti also has a certain amount of solid solution in Cu. The addition of Ti element can improve the wettability of Cu and W, which is beneficial to improve the bonding strength of Cu/W phase interface. In addition, the Cu(Ti) W alloy after aging treatment has good strength and electrical conductivity, and the addition of Ti element can well strengthen the weak breakdown phase-Cu phase, so as to improve the service life of electrical contacts.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种添加Ti元素制备CuW合金的方法，用以提高 Cu/W相界面结合强度。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that adds Ti element to prepare CuW alloy, in order to improve Cu/W interfacial bonding strength.
本发明所采用的技术方案是，一种添加Ti元素制备CuW合金的方法，具体按以下步骤实施：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is a method for adding Ti element to prepare CuW alloy, which is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
步骤1，混粉：Step 1, mix powder:
将W粉与Ti粉和诱导铜粉放入混料机中，加入无水乙醇湿混2～8小时；Put W powder, Ti powder and induced copper powder into the mixer, add absolute ethanol and wet mix for 2-8 hours;
步骤2，压制：Step 2, suppress:
将经步骤1混合好的粉体倒入模具，压制成型，得到钨压坯；Pour the powder mixed in step 1 into a mold, press and form it, and obtain a tungsten compact;
步骤3，烧结：Step 3, sintering:
将步骤2压制好的钨压坯放入氢气气氛烧结炉中烧结，随炉冷却至室温，获得钨骨架；Put the tungsten compact compacted in step 2 into a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace for sintering, and cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a tungsten skeleton;
步骤4，溶渗：Step 4, infiltration:
将纯铜块叠放于步骤3得到的钨骨架上方，放入氢气气氛烧结炉中，溶渗烧结，随炉冷却至室温，获得添加Ti的CuW合金。Stack the pure copper block on the tungsten skeleton obtained in step 3, put it into a hydrogen atmosphere sintering furnace, infiltrate and sinter, and cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a CuW alloy with Ti added.
本发明特点还在于，The present invention is also characterized in that,
步骤1中W粉与Ti粉和诱导铜粉的用量按照质量百分比为： 1:0.5～2.0％:5～15％。The amounts of W powder, Ti powder and induced copper powder in step 1 are: 1:0.5-2.0%:5-15% by mass percentage.
步骤1中无水乙醇的加入量为所有粉末总质量的2～6％。The addition of absolute ethanol in step 1 is 2-6% of the total mass of all powders.
步骤1中W粉的平均粒度为5～10μm，Ti粉的平均粒度5～40μm。In step 1, the average particle size of the W powder is 5-10 μm, and the average particle size of the Ti powder is 5-40 μm.
步骤2中压制压力为200～400MPa，保压时间为20～40s。In step 2, the pressing pressure is 200-400 MPa, and the holding time is 20-40s.
步骤3中烧结参数为：升温至800～1000℃保温0.5～2h。The sintering parameters in step 3 are: heating up to 800-1000° C. for 0.5-2 hours.
步骤4中溶渗烧结参数为：先升温至800～1000℃保温0.5～2h，再升温至1200～1400℃，保温1～3h。The dissolution and sintering parameters in step 4 are as follows: first raise the temperature to 800-1000° C. for 0.5-2 hours, then raise the temperature to 1200-1400° C. and keep the temperature for 1-3 hours.
本发明的有益效果是，本发明通过添加Ti元素使得Cu/W实现了良好的冶金结合，且促进了钨骨架烧结颈的形成，起到活化烧结的作用。同时Ti 元素的添加可以很好强化弱击穿相-Cu相，使得制得的Cu(Ti)W合金，具有良好的强度和导电性，提高了电触头使用寿命的目的。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that, by adding Ti element, the present invention enables Cu/W to achieve good metallurgical bonding, and promotes the formation of tungsten skeleton sintering neck, and plays the role of activation sintering. At the same time, the addition of Ti element can well strengthen the weak breakdown phase-Cu phase, so that the prepared Cu(Ti)W alloy has good strength and conductivity, and improves the service life of the electrical contact.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明制备方法的工艺流程图；Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of preparation method of the present invention;
图2是本发明方法制备的Cu(Ti)W合金的SEM照片；Fig. 2 is the SEM photo of the Cu(Ti)W alloy prepared by the inventive method;
图3是本发明方法制备的Cu(Ti)W合金的EDS能谱分析图；Fig. 3 is the EDS energy spectrum analysis diagram of the Cu(Ti)W alloy prepared by the inventive method;
图4是本发明方法制备的Cu(Ti)W合金的线扫描图。Fig. 4 is a line scan diagram of Cu(Ti)W alloy prepared by the method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
本发明提供了一种添加Ti元素制备CuW合金的方法，如图1所示，具体按以下步骤实施：The present invention provides a kind of method that adds Ti element to prepare CuW alloy, as shown in Figure 1, specifically implement according to the following steps:
步骤1，混粉：Step 1, mix powder:
将平均粒度为5～10μm的W粉与5～40μm的Ti粉以及诱导铜粉放入V 型混料机中，加入无水乙醇湿混2～8小时。Put W powder with an average particle size of 5-10 μm, Ti powder with 5-40 μm and induced copper powder into a V-type mixer, add absolute ethanol and wet mix for 2-8 hours.
其中Ti粉的添加量为W粉质量的0.5～2.0％，诱导铜粉的添加量为W粉质量的5～15％。Wherein the addition amount of Ti powder is 0.5-2.0% of the mass of W powder, and the addition amount of induced copper powder is 5-15% of the mass of W powder.
无水乙醇的加入量为所有粉末总质量的2～6％。The addition of absolute ethanol is 2-6% of the total mass of all powders.
步骤2，压制：Step 2, suppress:
将经步骤1混合好的粉体倒入经脱模剂涂抹后的模具，在WE-10型万能材料试验机上进行压制成型，得到钨压坯。压力为200～400MPa，保压 20～40s，以便气体能够顺利排出，同时保证粉末在型腔中得到充分填实。Pour the powder mixed in step 1 into the mold coated with the release agent, and perform compression molding on a WE-10 universal material testing machine to obtain a tungsten compact. The pressure is 200-400MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 20-40s, so that the gas can be discharged smoothly, and at the same time ensure that the powder is fully filled in the cavity.
步骤3，烧结：Step 3, sintering:
将步骤2压制好的钨压坯放入气氛烧结炉中，通入氢气40min后检验氢气的纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始升温至800～1000℃保温0.5～2h，随炉冷却至室温，获得钨骨架。Put the tungsten compact compacted in step 2 into the atmosphere sintering furnace, pass in hydrogen for 40 minutes, check the purity of the hydrogen, ignite the hydrogen after confirming safety, turn on the cooling water, start heating to 800-1000°C and keep it for 0.5-2 hours, then The furnace was cooled to room temperature to obtain a tungsten skeleton.
步骤4，溶渗：Step 4, infiltration:
根据生坯的体积和紧实率确定试样所需渗入的Cu的体积，一般应比计算值多40～80％，以确保熔渗过程进行得较为充分和完全。Cu块截取后应清洗或打磨，以去除其表面沾染的杂质。将纯铜块叠放于钨骨架上方，再放入烧结炉中。通入氢气40min后，检验氢气纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始升温至800～1000℃保温0.5～2h，再升温至1200～1400℃，保温1～3h，随炉冷却至室温，获得Cu(Ti)W合金。According to the volume and compaction rate of the green body, the volume of Cu to be infiltrated into the sample should be determined, which should generally be 40-80% more than the calculated value, so as to ensure that the infiltration process is fully and completely carried out. After the Cu block is cut, it should be cleaned or polished to remove the impurities on its surface. Stack the pure copper block on top of the tungsten skeleton and put it into the sintering furnace. After 40 minutes of passing in the hydrogen gas, check the purity of the hydrogen gas, ignite the hydrogen gas after confirming safety, turn on the cooling water, start heating up to 800-1000°C and keep it for 0.5-2 hours, then raise the temperature to 1200-1400°C, keep it for 1-3 hours, and cool down with the furnace to At room temperature, a Cu(Ti)W alloy was obtained.
本发明通过在CuW合金中添加Ti元素，改善了Cu、W的润湿性，提高了Cu/W相界面结合强度。同时Ti元素的添加可以很好强化弱击穿相-Cu 相，使得制得的Cu(Ti)W合金，具有良好的强度和导电性，提高了电触头使用寿命的目的。The invention improves the wettability of Cu and W by adding Ti element in the CuW alloy, and improves the bonding strength of the Cu/W phase interface. At the same time, the addition of Ti element can well strengthen the weak breakdown phase-Cu phase, so that the prepared Cu(Ti)W alloy has good strength and conductivity, and improves the service life of the electrical contact.
实施例1Example 1
称取平均粒度为8μm的W粉，W粉质量0.5％、平均粒度为35μm的 Ti粉，W粉质量10％的诱导铜粉，添加粉末总质量2％的无水乙醇作为过程控制剂，在50r/min的V型混料机上进行混料8小时，混料球为WC硬质球，然后将混合粉末装入钢性模具中进行压制，压强为300MPa，保压时间为30s，获得压坯。将W压坯置于石墨坩埚中，然后将坩埚放入气氛烧结炉中，通入氢气40min后，检验氢气纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始加热，当烧结温度为900℃时，保温60min后，随炉自然冷却到室温，获得W骨架。再将打磨洗净过的纯Cu块叠放到W骨架上方，然后将坩埚放入气氛烧结炉中，通入氢气40min后，检验氢气纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始加热，当熔渗温度为900℃时，保温60min后，再加热至1200℃，保温3小时，随炉自然冷却到室温，即制成CuW(Ti)合金。Weigh W powder with an average particle size of 8 μm, Ti powder with a mass of 0.5% of W powder and an average particle size of 35 μm, induced copper powder with a mass of 10% of W powder, and add 2% of the total powder mass of absolute ethanol as a process control agent. Mixing was carried out on a V-type mixer at 50r/min for 8 hours. The mixing balls were WC hard balls, and then the mixed powder was put into a rigid mold for pressing with a pressure of 300MPa and a holding time of 30s to obtain a compact . Put the W compact in a graphite crucible, then put the crucible into an atmosphere sintering furnace, and after passing in hydrogen for 40 minutes, check the purity of the hydrogen, ignite the hydrogen after confirming safety, turn on the cooling water, and start heating, when the sintering temperature is 900°C , after 60 min of heat preservation, it was naturally cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the W skeleton. Then put the polished and washed pure Cu blocks on top of the W skeleton, then put the crucible into the atmosphere sintering furnace, and after passing in the hydrogen gas for 40 minutes, check the purity of the hydrogen gas, ignite the hydrogen gas after confirming that it is safe, turn on the cooling water, and start heating , when the infiltration temperature is 900°C, keep it warm for 60 minutes, then heat it to 1200°C, keep it warm for 3 hours, and cool it down to room temperature naturally with the furnace, that is, CuW(Ti) alloy is made.
实施例2Example 2
称取平均粒度为5μm的W粉，W粉质量1.0％、平均粒度为5μm的Ti 粉，W粉质量5％的诱导铜粉，添加粉末总质量5％的无水乙醇作为过程控制剂，在50r/min的V型混料机上进行混料4小时，混料球为WC硬质球，然后将混合粉末装入钢性模具中进行压制，压强为400MPa，保压时间为20s，获得W压坯。将W压坯置于石墨坩埚中，然后将坩埚放入气氛烧结炉中，通入氢气40min后，检验氢气纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始加热，当烧结温度为800℃时，保温2h后，随炉自然冷却到室温，获得 W骨架，再将打磨洗净的纯Cu块叠放到W骨架上方，然后将坩埚放入气氛烧结炉中，通入氢气40min后，检验氢气纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始加热，当熔渗温度为800℃时，保温2h后，再加热至1300℃，保温1.5小时，随炉自然冷却到室温，即制成CuW(Ti)合金。Weigh W powder with an average particle size of 5 μm, Ti powder with 1.0% W powder mass and an average particle size of 5 μm, induced copper powder with 5% W powder mass, and add absolute ethanol with 5% of the total powder mass as a process control agent. Mixing was carried out on a V-type mixer at 50r/min for 4 hours. The mixing ball was WC hard ball, and then the mixed powder was put into a steel mold for pressing. The pressure was 400MPa, and the holding time was 20s. Blank. Put the W compact into a graphite crucible, then put the crucible into an atmosphere sintering furnace, and after passing in hydrogen for 40 minutes, check the purity of the hydrogen, ignite the hydrogen after confirming safety, turn on the cooling water, and start heating, when the sintering temperature is 800°C After 2 hours of heat preservation, the furnace naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the W skeleton, and then the polished and washed pure Cu block was stacked on top of the W skeleton, and then the crucible was put into the atmosphere sintering furnace, and hydrogen was introduced for 40 minutes. The purity of hydrogen gas, after confirming the safety, ignite the hydrogen gas, turn on the cooling water, and start heating. When the infiltration temperature is 800 ° C, keep it for 2 hours, then heat it to 1300 ° C, keep it for 1.5 hours, and cool it down to room temperature naturally with the furnace. CuW(Ti) alloy.
实施例3Example 3
称取平均粒度为10μm的W粉，W粉质量1.5％、平均粒度为40μm的 Ti粉，W粉质量12％的诱导铜粉，添加粉末总质量6％的无水乙醇作为过程控制剂，在50r/min的V型混料机上进行混料6小时，混料球为WC硬质球，然后将混合粉末装入钢性模具中进行压制，压强为350MPa，保压时间为35s，获得压坯。将压坯置于石墨坩埚中，然后将坩埚放入气氛烧结炉中，通入氢气40min后，检验氢气纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始加热，当烧结温度为1000℃时，保温0.5h后，随炉自然冷却到室温，获得W 骨架。再将打磨洗净的纯Cu块叠放到W骨架上方，然后将坩埚放入气氛烧结炉中，通入氢气40min后，检验氢气纯度，确认安全后点燃氢气，打开冷却水后，开始加热，当熔渗温度为1000℃时，保温0.5h后，再加热至1400℃，保温1小时，随炉自然冷却到室温，即制成Cu(Ti)W合金。Weigh W powder with an average particle size of 10 μm, Ti powder with a mass of 1.5% of W powder and an average particle size of 40 μm, induced copper powder with a mass of 12% of W powder, and add absolute ethanol with a total mass of 6% of the powder as a process control agent. Mixing was carried out on a V-type mixer at 50r/min for 6 hours, the mixing balls were WC hard balls, and then the mixed powder was put into a rigid mold for pressing at a pressure of 350MPa and a holding time of 35s to obtain a green compact . Put the green compact in a graphite crucible, then put the crucible into an atmosphere sintering furnace, pass in hydrogen gas for 40 minutes, check the purity of the hydrogen gas, ignite the hydrogen gas after confirming safety, turn on the cooling water, and start heating, when the sintering temperature is 1000°C , After holding for 0.5h, it was naturally cooled to room temperature with the furnace, and the W skeleton was obtained. Then put the polished and cleaned pure Cu block on the top of the W skeleton, then put the crucible into the atmosphere sintering furnace, pass in the hydrogen gas for 40 minutes, check the purity of the hydrogen gas, ignite the hydrogen gas after confirming safety, turn on the cooling water, and start heating. When the infiltration temperature is 1000°C, heat it for 0.5h, then heat it to 1400°C, hold it for 1 hour, and cool it down to room temperature naturally with the furnace to make Cu(Ti)W alloy.
图2为本发明制备的CuW合金的SEM照片，从图片中可以看出，Ti 元素的添加，促进了W颗粒烧结颈的形成，使Cu/W相界面之间形成良好的冶金结合。Fig. 2 is the SEM photograph of the CuW alloy prepared by the present invention. It can be seen from the photograph that the addition of Ti element promotes the formation of sintering necks of W particles and forms a good metallurgical bond between the Cu/W phase interface.
图3为本发明制备的CuW合金的EDS能谱分析图。添加的Ti元素在 Cu/W相界面上存在，促进了其界面的冶金结合。部分Ti元素以Ti颗粒(约1μm)的形式存在于相界面上，能谱分析结果见表1，从表中可以看出A两点所在的位置存在一定量的C元素和Ti元素，说明添加Ti元素有可能生成了TiC。研究表明TiC的存在可以起到分散电弧的作用。B点位于W-W界面处，界面处存在一定量的Ti元素，说明Ti元素促进了W颗粒烧结颈的形成，起到活化烧结的作用。Fig. 3 is an EDS energy spectrum analysis diagram of the CuW alloy prepared in the present invention. The added Ti element exists on the Cu/W phase interface, which promotes the metallurgical bonding of its interface. Some Ti elements exist on the phase interface in the form of Ti particles (about 1 μm). The results of energy spectrum analysis are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the table that there are a certain amount of C elements and Ti elements at the positions of the two points A, indicating that adding It is possible that the Ti element formed TiC. Studies have shown that the presence of TiC can play a role in dispersing the arc. Point B is located at the W-W interface, and there is a certain amount of Ti element at the interface, indicating that Ti element promotes the formation of sintering necks of W particles and plays a role in activating sintering.
表1 Cu(Ti)W合金的EDS能谱分析结果Table 1 EDS analysis results of Cu(Ti)W alloy
图4为本发明制备的Cu(Ti)W合金的线扫描图。从图中可以看出添加的 Ti元素均匀分布在Cu、W两相上。Fig. 4 is a line scan diagram of the Cu(Ti)W alloy prepared in the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the added Ti element is evenly distributed on the two phases of Cu and W.
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| CN201611043930.0ACN106583690B (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | A method of addition Ti element prepares CuW alloy |
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| CN101509093A (en)* | 2009-03-23 | 2009-08-19 | 西安理工大学 | Process for producing millimeter and submillimeter level CuW70Cr/Ti sheet alloy |
| CN101515513A (en)* | 2009-03-30 | 2009-08-26 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing TiC/CuW alloy contact material |
| CN101515512A (en)* | 2009-03-30 | 2009-08-26 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing CuW/Y*O* multi-phase contact material |
| CN101928866A (en)* | 2010-03-23 | 2010-12-29 | 西安理工大学 | Tungsten-copper composite material prepared by La and Ni strengthened sintered tungsten framework and preparation method thereof |
| CN102312146A (en)* | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-11 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of CuW70 contact material |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101509093A (en)* | 2009-03-23 | 2009-08-19 | 西安理工大学 | Process for producing millimeter and submillimeter level CuW70Cr/Ti sheet alloy |
| CN101515513A (en)* | 2009-03-30 | 2009-08-26 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing TiC/CuW alloy contact material |
| CN101515512A (en)* | 2009-03-30 | 2009-08-26 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing CuW/Y*O* multi-phase contact material |
| CN101928866A (en)* | 2010-03-23 | 2010-12-29 | 西安理工大学 | Tungsten-copper composite material prepared by La and Ni strengthened sintered tungsten framework and preparation method thereof |
| CN102312146A (en)* | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-11 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of CuW70 contact material |
| Title |
|---|
| Deformation of Cu-W Composites with addition of Cr,Ti Activated Elements;Juntao Zou等;《advanced science letters》;20110331;第4卷(第3期);第1017-1021页* |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106583690A (en) | 2017-04-26 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | Granted publication date:20181127 Termination date:20211124 |