技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其是一种无线局域网的接入与传输方法。The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a wireless local area network access and transmission method.
背景技术Background technique
IEEE 802.11无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Networks，WLAN)默认的媒体访问控制(Multiple Access Control，MAC)协议是具有冲突避免功能的载波侦听多址接入(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance，CSMA/CA)协议。该协议中，若干发送站点(station，STA)按指定规则竞争广播信道使用权，使得某站点有可能和其他发送站的发送数据发生冲突，不仅带来信道资源浪费，还会导致网络的吞吐量下降和包平均传输延时增加。尤其是下一代WLAN面向高密集场景，小区边缘用户往往受到较大干扰，因此难以获得信道使用权，并且传输速率较低。为保障公平性，需要设法提升小区边缘用户的接入和数据传输质量。随着设备能力不断提升，节点具备同时侦听多个信道的能力，这就为小区边缘用户的公平性问题提供了更多的基础，以便研究出更多的方法来解决现有问题。IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN) default media access control (Multiple Access Control, MAC) protocol is Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA )protocol. In this protocol, several sending stations (stations, STAs) compete for the right to use the broadcast channel according to specified rules, making it possible for a station to conflict with the data sent by other sending stations, which not only wastes channel resources, but also reduces the throughput of the network. drop and increase in average packet transfer delay. In particular, the next-generation WLAN is oriented to high-density scenarios, and users at the cell edge are often subject to greater interference, so it is difficult to obtain channel usage rights, and the transmission rate is low. In order to ensure fairness, it is necessary to try to improve the access and data transmission quality of cell edge users. With the continuous improvement of equipment capabilities, nodes have the ability to listen to multiple channels at the same time, which provides more foundations for the fairness of cell edge users, so that more methods can be researched to solve existing problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明旨在基于高密集场景下，利用多小区关联的接入与传输方法，解决现有IEEE 802.11 WLAN缺乏提升边缘用户接入和数据传输的手段，小区边缘用户往往受到相邻小区较大干扰，从而公平性较差的问题，提升边缘用户接入和数据传输的性能。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention aims to solve the lack of means to improve edge user access and data transmission in existing IEEE 802.11 WLANs by using multi-cell associated access and transmission methods based on high-density scenarios, and cell edge users It is often subject to large interference from adjacent cells, resulting in poor fairness, and improves the performance of edge user access and data transmission.
本发明的核心内容主要包括三个部分，即上行过程、下行过程及主关联切换过程。首先，小区边缘节点在感受到自身受到较大干扰或者位于小区边缘长期得不到较好服务后，向主无线接入点(access point，AP)请求进行多关联过程，与从AP进行关联或先与从AP进行关联后再通知主AP；其次，基于增强型分布式协调接入(Enhanced DistributedChannel Access， EDCA)机制在主小区和从小区同时进行退避，并且回复主AP以及从AP的资源请求(resource request，RR)帧，如触发-资源请求帧(trigger frame-resourcerequest，TF-RR)，并可通过各个AP的触发帧(trigger frame，TF)的调度来执行的正交频分多址接入(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access，OFDMA)上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发TF-R而形成OFDMA 随机接入；最后，小区边缘节点发现在长期内，某从小区的接入和传输性能优于主小区，可启动关联切换过程。The core content of the present invention mainly includes three parts, that is, the uplink process, the downlink process and the main association switching process. First of all, after the cell edge node feels that it has been greatly interfered or is located at the edge of the cell and cannot receive good service for a long time, it requests the master wireless access point (access point, AP) to perform a multi-association process, and associates with the slave AP or First associate with the slave AP and then notify the master AP; secondly, based on the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism, back off in the master cell and the slave cell at the same time, and reply to the resource requests of the master AP and the slave AP (resource request, RR) frame, such as a trigger-resource request frame (trigger frame-resource request, TF-RR), and can be executed by scheduling the trigger frame (trigger frame, TF) of each AP Access (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDMA) uplink transmission, or each AP triggers TF-R to form OFDMA random access; finally, the cell edge node finds that in the long run, the access and transmission performance of a certain secondary cell is better than The main cell can start the association handover process.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案的详细实施步骤如下：The detailed implementation steps of the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems are as follows:
步骤1：小区边缘用户节点A在进行多关联时任意选择如下两种实现方式：Step 1: The cell edge user node A arbitrarily chooses the following two implementation methods when performing multiple associations:
实现方式1为当小区边缘用户节点A在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值、吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP(access point)发送多关联初始化帧 MA-INIT(Multi-associate initialization)，主AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向节点A返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK(Multi-associate initializationacknowledgement)或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK(Multi-associateinitialization not acknowledgement)，若节点A 接收到MA-INIT-ACK，节点A侦听多个信道，并向节点A所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req(multi-access-request)，不论所述多个从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；在节点A发送 MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到节点A发送的MA-Req 帧，从AP中收到MA-Req帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向节点A返回多连接申请同意帧MA-Req-ACK(multi-access-request acknowledgement)或者多连接申请拒绝帧MA-Req-NAK(multi-access-requestnot acknowledgement)；若节点A收到待选从AP的MA-Req-ACK帧，则向节点A发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与节点A形成关联关系，即节点A在向节点A发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向节点A发送 MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP为该节点A提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Implementation 1 is that when the average interference of cell edge user nodeA within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold, throughput threshold and T1 is stipulated by the wireless local area network 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. It sends a multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT (Multi-associate initialization) to the main wireless access point AP (access point). After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP sends Node A returns a multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT-ACK (Multi-associate initialization acknowledgment) or a multi-association initialization disagreement frame MA-INIT-NAK (Multi-associate initialization not acknowledgment), if node A receives MA-INIT-ACK, Node A listens to multiple channels, and sends a multi-connection application frame MA-Req (multi-access-request) to multiple slave APs in other cells than the cell to which Node A belongs, regardless of the multiple slave APs Whether the main channel is the same, MA-Req is sent on multiple channels at the same time or on each channel in turn; after node A sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not all slave APs will receive the message sent by node A MA-Req frame. The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame from the AP is called the candidate AP. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the candidate AP returns the multi-connection application approval frame MA-Req- ACK (multi-access-request acknowledgment) or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK (multi-access-request not acknowledgment); if node A receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it sends The candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame forms an association relationship with node A, that is, node A registers on the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to node A, and sends MA-Req-ACK to node A The candidate of the frame provides service for the node A from the AP, and then proceeds to step 2;
节点A若没有收到主AP的ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If node A does not receive the ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
实现方式2为小区边缘用户节点A在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道发送；收到节点A发送的MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req-ACK或拒绝帧MA-Req-NAK多连接申请；若节点A接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req-ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt(multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回多连接请求同意应答帧MA_Rpt ACK帧(multi-associate-report acknowledgement)确认，之后转入步骤2，节点A若没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程；Implementation 2 is that when the average interference of cell edge user nodeA within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 It is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. It listens to multiple channels and sends multiple connection request frames MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Regardless of whether the master channel of the master AP and the slave AP are the same, MA-Req Channels are sent at the same time or sequentially on each channel; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by node A chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req-ACK or reject the frame MA-Req-NAK for multiple connection applications; if node A receives more than If it is equal to the MA-Req-ACK returned by 1 AP, then send a multi-connection application agreement frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, whether it is successfully associated with the slave AP, and the master AP receives MA_Rpt frame, return the multi-associate-report acknowledgment frame MA_Rpt ACK frame (multi-associate-report acknowledgment) for confirmation, and then turn to step 2. If node A does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the AP, it will abandon the multi-BSS Associated process;
步骤2：在节点A多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往节点A的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果节点A需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the multi-connection process of node A is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The time limit of the multi-association state is X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, then Execute step 3; if a scheduling frame from the master AP or slave AP is received, execute step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to node A, execute step 5; if node A needs to switch the master AP, execute step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to step 1 ;
实现方式2为节点A切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 2 is that after node A switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within time D to avoid interference to other users. If D=0, it means that after switching back The channel can be used immediately, that is, it degenerates to implementation mode 1, and then returns to step 1;
步骤3：节点A基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，接入和传输过程有三种实现方式，三种实现方式具体描述如下：Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, node A performs the back-off process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time, and initializes the competition window in the primary cell and the secondary cell according to the back-off process in the EDCA mechanism CW value, and then back off. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. There are three implementation methods for the access and transmission process. The three implementation methods are specifically described as follows:
实现方式1：在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Implementation method 1: In the access of a cell whose backoff count value is reduced to 0, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff The count value continues to back off;
实现方式2：在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR(Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio) 最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 2: perform the access and transmission process in the cell with the highest current SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) or the cell with the highest average SINR;
实现方式3：同一个信道的不同小区，选择SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 3: For different cells of the same channel, select the cell with the highest SINR to perform the access and transmission process;
之后返回步骤2；Then return to step 2;
步骤4：边缘节点A在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest)帧，资源收集请求RAR(resource allocation request)帧通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division MultipleAccess)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，即如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the edge node A is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resource request) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, and the resource collection request RAR (resource allocation request) frame is executed through the scheduling of each AP's TF Uplink transmission of OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, that is, if the AP sends If it is TF, perform OFDMA; if the AP sends TF-RR, then perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：节点A在步骤1、步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发往节点A的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往节点A的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往节点A的数据包的目的地址修改为节点A的 MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After node A successfully multi-associates with the slave AP in step 1 and step 2, if the slave AP does not receive the data packet sent to node A, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; For the data packet of node A, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet sent to node A received from the AP to the MAC address of node A, and then send the modified data packet out through the wired network from the AP;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给节点A，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to node A, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：节点A存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当节点A向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求(Reassociation Request)帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复重新关联请求应答帧(Reassociation Response)实现关联切换，或节点A向节点A在进行多关联之前隶属小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation，实现关联切换。Step 6: Node A has a time threshold T2 , T2 is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, Then start the association switching process. The premise of starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when node A sends a reassociation request (Reassociation Request) frame, after receiving the Reassociation Request frame from the AP, reply the Reassociation Request Response frame (Reassociation Response) to realize association switching, or node A sends disassociation Disassociation to the main AP of the cell where node A belongs to before performing multiple associations, to realize association switching .
本发明的有益效果是由于采用多BSS关联的接入与传输方法，使得以前受到干扰较大的边缘节点能够与其他小区的AP进行多关联，增加边缘节点的传输机会，解决小区边缘用户公平性较差问题；由于采用了多BSS关联接入与传输方案，提升了边缘用户接入和数据传输的性能，保障了小区边缘用户的接入和传输质量，使得接入和传输性能得以提高，解决了小区边缘用户受到相邻小区较大干扰的问题。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that because the access and transmission method of multi-BSS association is adopted, the edge nodes that have been greatly interfered before can perform multi-association with APs in other cells, increase the transmission opportunities of edge nodes, and solve the fairness of cell edge users Poor problem; due to the adoption of the multi-BSS associated access and transmission scheme, the performance of edge user access and data transmission is improved, and the access and transmission quality of cell edge users is guaranteed, so that the access and transmission performance can be improved and solved. It solves the problem that users at the edge of the cell are greatly interfered by adjacent cells.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明多BSS关联的场景，其中有三个BSS，STA表示小区边缘用户节点 A，主AP表示STA所在小区的AP，从AP1、从AP2表示另外两个小区的AP，即待选AP。Figure 1 is a scene of multi-BSS association in the present invention, in which there are three BSSs, STA represents the cell edge user node A, the primary AP represents the AP of the cell where the STA is located, and the secondary AP1 and secondary AP2 represent the APs of the other two cells, that is, the APs to be selected .
图2是下行过程中对以太网包头进行修改的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of modifying the Ethernet packet header during the downlink process.
图3是主关联切换过程示意图，其中，Reassociation Request是STA向待切换的从AP发出的请求帧，Reassociation Response是从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后的回复帧。Disassociation是节点A向原主AP发出的帧。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the main association switching process, wherein, Reassociation Request is a request frame sent by the STA to the secondary AP to be switched, and Reassociation Response is a reply frame after receiving the Reassociation Request frame from the AP. Disassociation is a frame sent by node A to the original master AP.
图4是实施例1的关键步骤多关联过程图。FIG. 4 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 1.
图5是实施例2的关键步骤多关联过程图。FIG. 5 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 2.
图6是实施例3的关键步骤多关联过程图。FIG. 6 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 3.
图7是实施例4的关键步骤多关联过程图。FIG. 7 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 4.
图8是实施例5的关键步骤多关联过程图。FIG. 8 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 5.
图9是实施例6的关键步骤多关联过程图。FIG. 9 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 6.
图10是实施例7的场景示意图。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a scene in Embodiment 7.
图11是实施例7的关键步骤多关联过程图。Fig. 11 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 7.
图12是实施例8和实施例9的场景示意图。FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the scene of Embodiment 8 and Embodiment 9.
图13是实施例8的关键步骤多关联过程图。Fig. 13 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 8.
图14是实施例9的关键步骤多关联过程图。Fig. 14 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 9.
其中，CRC为循环冗余校验Cyclic Redundancy Check，channel为信道，RTS为请求发送Request To Send，BO为退避Back Off，CTS为清除发送Clear To Send。Among them, CRC is Cyclic Redundancy Check, channel is channel, RTS is Request To Send, BO is Back Off, and CTS is Clear To Send.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明可以在无线网卡中通过固件实现，或实现在无线网卡的驱动程序之中。The present invention can be implemented in the wireless network card through firmware, or in the driver program of the wireless network card.
图1是本发明多BSS关联的场景，其中有三个BSS，STA表示小区边缘用户节点 A，主AP表示STA所在小区的AP，从AP1、从AP2表示另外两个小区的AP，即待选AP，处于小区边缘的STA因为感受到自身受到较大干扰，与从AP1进行多关联。图2是下行过程中对以太网包头进行修改的示意图，将目的地址由从AP的MAC地址改为节点A的MAC地址。图3是主关联切换过程示意图，其中，Reassociation Request 是STA向待切换的从AP发出的请求帧，Reassociation Response是从AP接收到 Reassociation Request帧后的回复帧。Disassociation是节点A向原主AP发出的帧。Figure 1 is a scene of multi-BSS association in the present invention, in which there are three BSSs, STA represents the cell edge user node A, the primary AP represents the AP of the cell where the STA is located, and the secondary AP1 and secondary AP2 represent the APs of the other two cells, that is, the APs to be selected , the STA at the edge of the cell performs multi-association with the secondary AP1 because it feels that it is greatly interfered. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of modifying the Ethernet packet header during the downlink process, changing the destination address from the MAC address of the AP to the MAC address of the node A. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the main association handover process, wherein, Reassociation Request is a request frame sent by STA to the slave AP to be handed over, and Reassociation Response is a reply frame after receiving the Reassociation Request frame from the AP. Disassociation is a frame sent by node A to the original master AP.
具体实施步骤如下：The specific implementation steps are as follows:
实施例1Example 1
图4是实施例1的关键步骤多关联过程图，假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP，主AP的主信道为channel1，从AP1的主信道为 channel1，从AP2的主信道为channel2，从AP1和从AP2都是从AP。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户与其他小区的AP建立多关联时，先与主AP 进行帧交换，得到主AP同意后，再在不同信道上同时向从AP发送多关联请求帧以建立多关联的方法。FIG. 4 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 1. It is assumed that there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the master AP, the master channel of the master AP is channel1, the master channel of the slave AP1 is channel1, the master channel of the slave AP2 is channel2, and both slave AP1 and slave AP2 are slave APs. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS association access, so that when a cell edge user establishes multiple associations with APs in other cells, it first performs frame exchange with the main AP, and after obtaining the consent of the main AP, it then communicates to the BSS on different channels at the same time. The method of sending multiple association request frames from the AP to establish multiple associations.
步骤1：为当小区边缘用户(STA)在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP发送多关联初始化帧MA-INIT，主 AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK，若STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并向STA 所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，不论所述多个从AP 的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在多个信道同时发送；在STA发送MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到STA发送的MA-Req帧，从AP中收到MA-Req 帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向STA返回多连接申请同意帧 MA-Req-ACK或者多连接申请拒绝帧MA-Req-NAK；若STA收到待选从AP的MA-Req-ACK 帧，则向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与STA形成关联关系，即STA在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP为该STA 提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Step1 : When the average interference of cell edge users (STA) within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold And T1 is stipulated by the wireless local area network 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, and sends the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT to the main wireless access point AP. After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP returns the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT to the STA INIT-ACK or multi-association initialization disapproval frame MA-INIT-NAK, if STA receives MA-INIT-ACK, STA listens to multiple channels, and sends multiple slave APs in other cells than the cell to which the STA belongs Send multi-connection application frame MA-Req, regardless of whether the main channels of the multiple slave APs are the same, MA-Req is sent on multiple channels at the same time; after the STA sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not all The slave AP will receive the MA-Req frame sent by the STA. The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame from the AP is called the candidate AP. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the candidate AP returns the multi-connection to the STA. Application approval frame MA-Req-ACK or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK; if the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA The AP forms an association relationship with the STA, that is, the STA registers on the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA provides services for the STA, and then transfers to Step 2;
STA若没有收到主AP的MA-INIT-ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If the STA does not receive the MA-INIT-ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
具体步骤如下：Specific steps are as follows:
步骤1.1：为当小区边缘用户(STA)在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP发送多关联初始化帧MA-INIT；Step 1.1: When the average interference of the cell edge user (STA) within T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold And T1 is stipulated by the wireless local area network 802.11 protocol supporting multiple connections, and sendsa multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT to the main wireless access point AP;
步骤1.2：主AP接收到多关联初始化帧MA-INIT后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK。若返回多关联初始化同意帧 MA-INIT-ACK则转至步骤1.3，返回多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK则返回步骤1.1。Step 1.2: After receiving the multiple association initialization frame MA-INIT, the master AP returns the multiple association initialization agree frame MA-INIT-ACK or the multiple association initialization disagree frame MA-INIT-NAK to the STA. If the multiple association initialization agree frame MA-INIT-ACK is returned, go to step 1.3, and if the multiple association initialization disagree frame MA-INIT-NAK is returned, return to step 1.1.
步骤1.3：STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并分别在信道channel1和channel2上同时向从AP1和从AP2发送多连接申请帧MA-Req帧，之后转入步骤1.4；Step 1.3: STA receives MA-INIT-ACK, STA listens to multiple channels, and sends multi-connection request frame MA-Req frame to slave AP1 and slave AP2 on channels channel1 and channel2 respectively, and then turns to step 1.4;
步骤1.4：从AP1和从AP2在收到MA-Req帧之后，分别在channel1和channel2回复MA-Req-ACK帧或者MA-Req-NAK帧，若返回帧MA-Req-ACK帧则转至步骤1.5，若返回 MA-Req-NAK帧则返回步骤1.1。；Step 1.4: After receiving the MA-Req frame from AP1 and AP2, reply MA-Req-ACK frame or MA-Req-NAK frame on channel1 and channel2 respectively, if return frame MA-Req-ACK frame, go to step 1.5. If the MA-Req-NAK frame is returned, return to step 1.1. ;
步骤1.5：STA接收到MA-Req-ACK帧，则与从AP1、从AP2形成关联关系，即STA 在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的从AP1、从AP2上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP1、从AP2为STA提供服务，之后转入步骤2；若接收到MA-Req-NAK帧，则返回步骤1.1。Step 1.5: After receiving the MA-Req-ACK frame, the STA forms an association relationship with slave AP1 and slave AP2, that is, the STA registers with the slave AP1 and slave AP2 that sent the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA. The candidate slave AP1 and slave AP2 of the Req-ACK frame provide services for the STA, and then go to step 2; if the MA-Req-NAK frame is received, go back to step 1.1.
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，接入和传输过程有三种实现方式，三种实现方式具体描述如下：Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, the STA performs the backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively. value, and then back off. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. There are three implementation methods for the access and transmission process. The three implementation methods are described in detail as follows:
实现方式1：在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Implementation method 1: In the access of a cell whose backoff count value is reduced to 0, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff The count value continues to back off;
实现方式2：在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR(Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio) 最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 2: perform the access and transmission process in the cell with the highest current SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) or the cell with the highest average SINR;
实现方式3：同一个信道的不同小区，选择SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输；Implementation method 3: For different cells of the same channel, select the cell with the highest SINR to perform access and transmission;
之后返回步骤2；Then return to step 2;
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求(ReassociationRequest)帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联(Disassociation) 帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association handover process. The prerequisite for starting the association handover process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association handover process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request (ReassociationRequest) frame to the slave AP to be handed over After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation (Disassociation) frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations, to implement association switching.
实施例2Example 2
图5是实施例2的关键步骤多关联过程图，假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP，主AP的主信道为channel1。从AP1的主信道为 channel1，从AP2的主信道为channel2。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户与其他小区的AP建立多关联时，先与主AP进行帧交换，得到主AP同意后，再在不同信道上先后向从AP发送多关联请求帧，以建立多关联的方法。FIG. 5 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 2. It is assumed that there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the main AP, and the main channel of the main AP is channel1. The main channel from AP1 is channel1, and the main channel from AP2 is channel2. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS association access, so that when a cell edge user establishes multiple associations with APs in other cells, it first performs frame exchange with the main AP, and after obtaining the consent of the main AP, it then successively communicates to A method to establish multiple associations by sending multiple association request frames from the AP.
步骤1：为当小区边缘用户(STA)在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP发送多关联初始化帧MA-INIT，主 AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK，若STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并向STA 所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，不论所述多个从AP 的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在依次分别在各个信道发送；在STA发送MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到STA发送的MA-Req帧，从AP中收到 MA-Req帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向STA返回多连接申请同意帧MA-Req-ACK或者多连接申请拒绝帧MA-Req-NAK；若STA收到待选从AP的 MA-Req-ACK帧，则向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与STA形成关联关系，即STA 在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从 AP为该STA提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Step1 : When the average interference of cell edge users (STA) within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold And T1 is stipulated by the wireless local area network 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, and sends the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT to the main wireless access point AP. After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP returns the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT to the STA INIT-ACK or multi-association initialization disapproval frame MA-INIT-NAK, if STA receives MA-INIT-ACK, STA listens to multiple channels, and sends multiple slave APs in other cells than the cell to which the STA belongs Send the multi-connection application frame MA-Req, regardless of whether the main channels of the multiple slave APs are the same, MA-Req is sent on each channel in turn; after the STA sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not All slave APs will receive the MA-Req frame sent by the STA. The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame from the AP is called the candidate AP. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the candidate AP returns Connection application approval frame MA-Req-ACK or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK; if the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA The slave AP forms an association relationship with the STA, that is, the STA registers on the candidate slave AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and the candidate slave AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA provides services for the STA, and then transfers to the STA. Enter step 2;
STA若没有收到主AP的MA-INIT-ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If the STA does not receive the MA-INIT-ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
具体步骤如下：Specific steps are as follows:
步骤1.1：STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网 802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP发送多关联初始化帧MA-INIT；Step 1.1: When the average interference of STA in T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughputof T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 are supported by multiple connections The wireless local area network 802.11 protocol stipulates that the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT is sent to the main wireless access point AP;
步骤1.2：主AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧 MA-INIT-ACK或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK。若返回多关联初始化同意帧 MA-INIT-ACK则转至步骤1.3，若返回则返回关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK步骤1.1。Step 1.2: After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the master AP returns the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT-ACK or the multi-association initialization disagreement frame MA-INIT-NAK to the STA. If it returns the multiple association initialization agree frame MA-INIT-ACK, go to step 1.3, if it returns, return the association initialization disagree frame MA-INIT-NAK step 1.1.
步骤1.3：STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK帧后，侦听多个信道，在信道channel上向从AP1发送多连接申请帧MA-Req帧，从AP1在收到MA-Req帧之后，在channel1回复MA-Req-ACK 帧或者MA-Req-NAK帧；STA若接收到MA-Req-ACK帧，与AP1进行关联，之后转入步骤 1.4；若接收到MA-Req NAK帧，则返回步骤1.1。Step 1.3: After receiving the MA-INIT-ACK frame, the STA listens to multiple channels, and sends a multi-connection request frame MA-Req frame to the slave AP1 on the channel channel. Reply MA-Req-ACK frame or MA-Req-NAK frame; if STA receives MA-Req-ACK frame, associate with AP1, then go to step 1.4; if receive MA-Req NAK frame, return to step 1.1 .
步骤1.4：STA与从AP1进行关联后，在信道channel2上向从AP2发送多连接申请帧MA-Req帧，从AP2在收到MA-Req帧之后，在channel2回复MA-Req ACK帧或者MA-Req NAK帧；STA若接收到MA-Req ACK帧，与AP2行关联，之后转入步骤2；若接收到MA-Req NAK帧，则返回步骤1.1。Step 1.4: After the STA associates with the slave AP1, it sends a multi-connection request frame MA-Req frame to the slave AP2 on the channel channel2. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the slave AP2 replies with a MA-Req ACK frame or MA-Req frame on channel2. Req NAK frame; if the STA receives the MA-Req ACK frame, associate with AP2, and then go to step 2; if it receives the MA-Req NAK frame, return to step 1.1.
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，接入和传输过程有三种实现方式，三种实现方式具体描述如下：Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, the STA performs the backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively. value, and then back off. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. There are three implementation methods for the access and transmission process. The three implementation methods are described in detail as follows:
实现方式1：在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Implementation method 1: In the access of a cell whose backoff count value is reduced to 0, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff The count value continues to back off;
实现方式2：在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR(Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio) 最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 2: perform the access and transmission process in the cell with the highest current SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) or the cell with the highest average SINR;
实现方式3：同一个信道的不同小区，选择SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输；Implementation method 3: For different cells of the same channel, select the cell with the highest SINR to perform access and transmission;
之后返回步骤2；Then return to step 2;
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
实施例3Example 3
图6是实施例3的关键步骤多关联过程图，假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP，主AP的主信道为channel1。从AP1的主信道为 channel1，从AP2的主信道为channel2，从AP1和从AP2都是从AP。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户与其他小区的AP建立多关联时，先同时向不同信道的从AP发送多关联请求帧，得到从AP同意后，再通知主AP以建立多关联的方法。FIG. 6 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 3. It is assumed that there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the main AP, and the main channel of the main AP is channel1. The main channel of slave AP1 is channel1, and the main channel of slave AP2 is channel2. Both slave AP1 and slave AP2 are slave APs. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS association access, so that when a cell edge user establishes multi-association with APs in other cells, it first sends a multi-association request frame to the slave APs of different channels at the same time, and after obtaining the consent of the slave AP, then The method to notify the master AP to establish multiple associations.
步骤1：小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在多个信道同时发送；收到STA发送的 MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req ACK或拒绝帧MA-Req NAK多连接申请；若STA 接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主 AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回MA_Rpt-ACK确认，之后转入步骤2，若没有收到任何一个从AP的ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程。具体步骤如下：Step1 : When the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold, throughput threshold and T1 are determined by The wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections stipulates that it listens to multiple channels and sends a multi-connection request frame MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Send at the same time; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by the STA chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req ACK or reject the frame MA-Req NAK to apply for multiple connections; if the STA receives more than or equal to one MA-Req ACK returned by the AP, then Send the multi-connection application approval frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, whether the association with the slave AP is successfully established. After the master AP receives the MA_Rpt frame, it returns MA_Rpt-ACK for confirmation, and then proceeds to the steps 2. If no ACK from any slave AP is received, the multi-BSS association process is abandoned. Specific steps are as follows:
步骤1.1：STA计算在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，之后转入步骤1.2；Step 1.1: When the STA calculates that the average interference during T1 is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold, throughput threshold and T1 aresupported by multiple The connected wireless LAN 802.11 protocol stipulates, then turn to step 1.2;
步骤1.2：STA侦听channel1和channel2这两个2个信道，并同时在两个信道上向从AP1 和从AP2发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，之后转入步骤1.3；Step 1.2: STA listens to the two channels of channel1 and channel2, and sends the multiple connection request frame MA-Req to the slave AP1 and the slave AP2 on the two channels at the same time, and then turns to step 1.3;
步骤1.3：收到申请帧MA-Req的从AP1和从AP2在收到MA-Req帧之后，分别在channel1 和channel2上选择发送同意帧MA-Req-ACK或拒绝帧MA-Req-NAK多连接申请；如果发送 MA-Req-ACK则转入步骤1.4，如果发送MA-Req-NAK则转入步骤1.1；Step 1.3: After receiving the application frame MA-Req, the slave AP1 and the slave AP2 choose to send the agreement frame MA-Req-ACK or reject the frame MA-Req-NAK on channel1 and channel2 respectively after receiving the MA-Req frame Apply; if MA-Req-ACK is sent, go to step 1.4, if MA-Req-NAK is sent, go to step 1.1;
步骤1.4：若STA接收到从AP1和从AP2的MA-Req-ACK帧，则与从AP1、从AP2进行关联，再发送MA_Rpt帧向主AP告知多关联结果，之后转入步骤1.5；若接收到MA-Req NAK帧，则返回步骤1.1；Step 1.4: If the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from AP1 and AP2, associate with AP1 and AP2, and then send MA_Rpt frame to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, and then go to step 1.5; if received When the MA-Req NAK frame is reached, return to step 1.1;
步骤1.5：主AP接收到MA-Rpt帧后，向STA发送MA-Rpt-ACK帧确认，之后转入步骤2，若没有收到任何一个从AP的ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程。；Step 1.5: After receiving the MA-Rpt frame, the master AP sends a MA-Rpt-ACK frame confirmation to the STA, and then proceeds to step 2. If no ACK from any slave AP is received, the multi-BSS association process is abandoned. ;
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，接入和传输过程有三种实现方式，三种实现方式具体描述如下：Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, the STA performs the backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively. value, and then back off. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. There are three implementation methods for the access and transmission process. The three implementation methods are described in detail as follows:
实现方式1：在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Implementation method 1: In the access of a cell whose backoff count value is reduced to 0, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff The count value continues to back off;
实现方式2：在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR(Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio) 最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 2: perform the access and transmission process in the cell with the highest current SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) or the cell with the highest average SINR;
实现方式3：同一个信道的不同小区，选择SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输；Implementation method 3: For different cells of the same channel, select the cell with the highest SINR to perform access and transmission;
之后返回步骤2；Then return to step 2;
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
实施例4Example 4
图7是实施例4的关键步骤多关联过程图，假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP，主AP的主信道为channel1。从AP1的主信道为 channel1，从AP2的主信道为channel2。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户与其他小区的AP建立多关联时，先向不同信道的从AP先后发送多关联请求帧，得到从AP同意后再通知主AP以建立多关联的方法。FIG. 7 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 4. It is assumed that there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the main AP, and the main channel of the main AP is channel1. The main channel from AP1 is channel1, and the main channel from AP2 is channel2. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS association access, so that when a cell edge user establishes multi-association with APs in other cells, it first sends multi-association request frames to slave APs on different channels, and then notifies after obtaining the consent of the slave AP. The master AP uses the method of establishing multiple associations.
步骤1：小区边缘用户(STA)在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req依次分别在各个信道发送；收到STA发送的MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req ACK或拒绝帧MA-Req NAK多连接申请；若STA 接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主 AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回MA_Rpt-ACK确认，之后转入步骤2，若没有收到任何一个从AP的ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程。具体步骤如下：Step1 : When the average interference of cell edge users (STA) within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, it listens to multiple channels and sends multiple connection request frames MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Each channel sends; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by the STA chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req ACK or reject the frame MA-Req NAK to apply for multiple connections; if the STA receives more than or equal to one MA-Req ACK returned by the AP, Then send a multi-connection application agreement frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, tell whether it has successfully established an association with the slave AP. After receiving the MA_Rpt frame, the master AP returns MA_Rpt-ACK for confirmation, and then transfers to Step 2, if no ACK from any slave AP is received, the multi-BSS association process is abandoned. Specific steps are as follows:
步骤1.1：STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网 802.11协议规定。Step 1.1: When the average interference of STA in T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughputof T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 are supported by multiple connections The wireless LAN 802.11 protocol stipulates.
步骤1.2：侦听channel1和channel2这两个2个信道，并在channel1信道上向从AP1发送多连接申请帧MA-Req；Step 1.2: Listen to the two channels of channel1 and channel2, and send the multi-connection request frame MA-Req to the slave AP1 on the channel1 channel;
步骤1.3：从AP1在收到MA-Req帧之后，根据在channel1回复MA-Req-ACK帧或者MA-Req-NAK帧；Step 1.3: After receiving the MA-Req frame from AP1, reply the MA-Req-ACK frame or MA-Req-NAK frame according to channel1;
步骤1.4：若STA接收到从AP1的MA-Req-ACK帧，则与从AP1进行关联，之后转入步骤1.5；若接收到MA-Req-NAK帧，则返回步骤1.1。Step 1.4: If the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from AP1, associate with AP1, and then go to step 1.5; if it receives the MA-Req-NAK frame, return to step 1.1.
步骤1.5：STA与从AP1进行关联后，在channel2信道上向从AP2发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，从AP2在收到MA-Req帧之后，在channel2回复MA-Req-ACK帧或者MA-Req-NAK 帧，之后转入步骤1.6；Step 1.5: After the STA associates with the slave AP1, it sends a multi-connection request frame MA-Req to the slave AP2 on channel 2. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the slave AP2 replies with a MA-Req-ACK frame or MA- Req-NAK frame, then turn to step 1.6;
步骤1.6：STA接收到从AP2的MA-Req-ACK帧，与从AP2进行关联，之后转入步骤1.7；若接收到MA-Req-NAK帧，则返回步骤1.1。Step 1.6: STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from AP2, associates with AP2, and then proceeds to step 1.7; if it receives the MA-Req-NAK frame, returns to step 1.1.
步骤1.7：主AP接收到MA-Rpt帧后，向主AP发送MA-Rpt-ACK帧确认；之后转入步骤2，否则放弃多BSS关联流程；Step 1.7: After receiving the MA-Rpt frame, the main AP sends a MA-Rpt-ACK frame confirmation to the main AP; then go to step 2, otherwise give up the multi-BSS association process;
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，接入和传输过程有三种实现方式，三种实现方式具体描述如下：Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, the STA performs the backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively. value, and then back off. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. There are three implementation methods for the access and transmission process. The three implementation methods are described in detail as follows:
实现方式1：在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Implementation method 1: In the access of a cell whose backoff count value is reduced to 0, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff The count value continues to back off;
实现方式2：在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR(Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio) 最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 2: perform the access and transmission process in the cell with the highest current SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) or the cell with the highest average SINR;
实现方式3：同一个信道的不同小区，选择SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输；Implementation method 3: For different cells of the same channel, select the cell with the highest SINR to perform access and transmission;
之后返回步骤2；Then return to step 2;
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
实施例5Example 5
图8是实施例5的关键步骤多关联过程图，假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP。另外两个BSS的AP分别为从AP1和从AP2。主AP所在的小区为主小区，从AP1所在小区为从小区1，从AP2所在小区为从小区2。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户与从AP建立多关联后，在主小区和从小区同时退避，在退避到0的小区进行接入，而且下一次退避时在其他没有退避完的信道保留上一次传输数据，一个信道退避到0时其他信道剩余的退避值继续退避的方法。FIG. 8 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 5. It is assumed that there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the master AP. The APs of the other two BSSs are slave AP1 and slave AP2 respectively. The cell where the master AP is located is the master cell, the cell where the slave AP1 is located is the slave cell 1, and the cell where the slave AP2 is located is the slave cell 2. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS association access, so that after the cell edge user establishes multiple associations with the secondary AP, back off in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time, access in the cell with backoff to 0, and the next backoff At this time, the last transmission data is retained in other channels that have not been backed off, and the remaining backoff values of other channels continue to back off when one channel backs off to 0.
步骤1：小区边缘用户STA在进行多关联时任意选择如下两种实现方式：Step 1: The cell edge user STA arbitrarily chooses the following two implementation methods when performing multi-association:
实现方式1为当小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP(access point)发送多关联初始化帧 MA-INIT(Multi-associate initialization)，主AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK(Multi-associate initializationacknowledgement)或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK(Multi-associateinitialization not acknowledgement)，若STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并向STA所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP 发送多连接申请帧MA-Req(multi-access-request)，不论所述多个从AP的主信道是否相同， MA-Req在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；在STA发送MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到STA发送的MA-Req帧，从AP中收到MA-Req帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向STA返回多连接申请同意帧MA-Req-ACK(multi-access-requestacknowledgement)或者多连接申请拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK(multi-access-request notacknowledgement)；若STA收到待选从AP的 MA-Req-ACK帧，则向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与STA形成关联关系，即STA 在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从 AP为该STA提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Implementation1 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT (Multi-associate initialization) is sent to the main wireless access point AP (access point). After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP sends the Return the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT-ACK (Multi-associate initialization acknowledgment) or the multi-association initialization disagreement frame MA-INIT-NAK (Multi-associate initialization not acknowledgment), if the STA receives the MA-INIT-ACK, the STA listens Multiple channels, and send a multi-connection application frame MA-Req (multi-access-request) to multiple secondary APs in other cells than the cell to which the STA belongs, regardless of whether the primary channels of the multiple secondary APs are the same, MA-Req is sent on multiple channels at the same time or on each channel in sequence; after the STA sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not all slave APs will receive the MA-Req frame sent by the STA, and the slave AP The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame is called the slave AP to be selected. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the slave AP to be selected returns a multi-connection application agreement frame MA-Req-ACK (multi-access-request acknowledgment) to the STA. Or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK (multi-access-request notacknowledgement); if the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it will send the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA from the AP to be selected The AP forms an association relationship with the STA, that is, the STA registers on the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA provides services for the STA, and then transfers to Step 2;
STA若没有收到主AP的MA-INIT-ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If the STA does not receive the MA-INIT-ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
实现方式2为小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；收到STA发送的MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req-ACK或拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK多连接申请；若STA接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req-ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt(multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回MA_Rpt ACK帧(multi-associate-reportacknowledgement)确认，之后转入步骤2，STA若没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程；Implementation mode 2 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold andT1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, it listens to multiple channels and sends multiple connection request frames MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Regardless of whether the master channel of the master AP and the slave AP are the same, MA-Req is in multiple Channels are sent at the same time or sequentially on each channel; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by the STA chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req-ACK or reject the frame MA-Req-NAK to apply for multiple connections; if the STA receives more than or equal to The MA-Req-ACK returned by 1 AP sends a multi-connection application agreement frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, whether the association with the slave AP is successfully established, and the master AP receives the MA_Rpt frame After that, return the MA_Rpt ACK frame (multi-associate-report acknowledgment) to confirm, and then turn to step 2. If the STA does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the AP, it will abandon the multi-BSS association process;
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Step 3: Based on the enhanced distributed coordinated access EDCA mechanism, the STA performs the back-off process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the back-off process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW value is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively, and then back off , after any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. When the back-off count value decreases to 0 for the cell access, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the back-off method arbitrarily, that is, choose to back-off again , or choose to keep the last backoff count value to continue backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff;
步骤3.1：STA在与从AP1和从AP2的多关联完成后，基于EDCA机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行随机退避过程，转入步骤3.1。Step 3.1: After the STA completes the multi-association with the slave AP1 and the slave AP2, based on the EDCA mechanism, it performs a random backoff process in the master cell and the slave cell at the same time, and turns to step 3.1.
步骤3.2：STA在从小区1率先完成退避，即退避到0，则在从小区1进行接入，转入步骤3.3；Step 3.2: The STA completes the backoff first in the secondary cell 1, that is, backs off to 0, then accesses in the secondary cell 1, and proceeds to step 3.3;
步骤3.3：STA在从小区1进行接入与传输，下次接入时，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避。返回步骤2；Step 3.3: STA accesses and transmits from cell 1. When it accesses next time, all channels choose a backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff count value in other cells that have not finished backoff and continue to back off. Return to step 2;
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
实施例6Example 6
图9是实施例6的关键步骤多关联过程图，假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP。另外两个BSS的AP分别为从AP1和从AP2，从AP1和从AP2都是从AP。主AP所在的小区为主小区，从AP1所在小区为从小区1，从 AP2所在小区为从小区2。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户与从AP建立多关联后，在主小区和从小区同时退避，一个小区率先完成退避，但在另一个SINR最高的小区进行接入的方法。FIG. 9 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 6. It is assumed that there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the master AP. The APs of the other two BSSs are the slave AP1 and the slave AP2 respectively, and both the slave AP1 and the slave AP2 are slave APs. The cell where the master AP is located is the master cell, the cell where the slave AP1 is located is the slave cell 1, and the cell where the slave AP2 is located is the slave cell 2. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multiple BSS association access, so that after the cell edge users establish multiple associations with the secondary AP, they back off in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. The method of access.
步骤1：小区边缘用户STA在进行多关联时任意选择如下两种实现方式：Step 1: The cell edge user STA arbitrarily chooses the following two implementation methods when performing multi-association:
实现方式1为当小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP(access point)发送多关联初始化帧 MA-INIT(Multi-associate initialization)，主AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK(Multi-associate initializationacknowledgement)或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK(Multi-associateinitialization not acknowledgement)，若STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并向STA所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP 发送多连接申请帧MA-Req(multi-access-request)，不论所述多个从AP的主信道是否相同， MA-Req在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；在STA发送MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到STA发送的MA-Req帧，从AP中收到MA-Req帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向STA返回多连接申请同意帧MA-Req-ACK(multi-access-requestacknowledgement)或者多连接申请拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK(multi-access-request notacknowledgement)；若STA收到待选从AP的 MA-Req-ACK帧，则向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与STA形成关联关系，即STA 在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从 AP为该STA提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Implementation1 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT (Multi-associate initialization) is sent to the main wireless access point AP (access point). After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP sends the Return the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT-ACK (Multi-associate initialization acknowledgment) or the multi-association initialization disagreement frame MA-INIT-NAK (Multi-associate initialization not acknowledgment), if the STA receives the MA-INIT-ACK, the STA listens Multiple channels, and send a multi-connection application frame MA-Req (multi-access-request) to multiple secondary APs in other cells than the cell to which the STA belongs, regardless of whether the primary channels of the multiple secondary APs are the same, MA-Req is sent on multiple channels at the same time or on each channel in sequence; after the STA sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not all slave APs will receive the MA-Req frame sent by the STA, and the slave AP The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame is called the slave AP to be selected. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the slave AP to be selected returns a multi-connection application agreement frame MA-Req-ACK (multi-access-request acknowledgment) to the STA. Or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK (multi-access-request notacknowledgement); if the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it will send the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA from the AP to be selected The AP forms an association relationship with the STA, that is, the STA registers on the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA provides services for the STA, and then transfers to Step 2;
STA若没有收到主AP的MA-INIT-ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If the STA does not receive the MA-INIT-ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
实现方式2为小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；收到STA发送的MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req-ACK或拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK多连接申请；若STA接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req-ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt(multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回MA_Rpt ACK帧(multi-associate-reportacknowledgement)确认，之后转入步骤2，STA若没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程；Implementation mode 2 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold andT1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, it listens to multiple channels and sends multiple connection request frames MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Regardless of whether the master channel of the master AP and the slave AP are the same, MA-Req is in multiple Channels are sent at the same time or sequentially on each channel; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by the STA chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req-ACK or reject the frame MA-Req-NAK to apply for multiple connections; if the STA receives more than or equal to The MA-Req-ACK returned by 1 AP sends a multi-connection application agreement frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, whether the association with the slave AP is successfully established, and the master AP receives the MA_Rpt frame After that, return the MA_Rpt ACK frame (multi-associate-report acknowledgment) to confirm, and then turn to step 2. If the STA does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the AP, it will abandon the multi-BSS association process;
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于EDCA机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行随机退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，在另一个平均SINR值最高的小区进行接入。Step 3: Based on the EDCA mechanism, the STA performs a random backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the competition window CW value is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively, and then backoff is performed. Any cell backoffs to After 0, perform access in another cell with the highest average SINR value.
步骤3.1：STA在与从AP1和从AP2的多关联完成后，基于EDCA机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行随机退避过程。Step 3.1: After the STA completes the multi-association with the secondary AP1 and the secondary AP2, based on the EDCA mechanism, the STA performs a random backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time.
步骤3.2：STA在从小区2率先完成退避，即退避到0；Step 3.2: STA takes the lead in backing off in secondary cell 2, that is, backing off to 0;
步骤3.3：STA在平均SINR值最高的小区(从小区1)进行接入与传输，之后返回步骤2；Step 3.3: STA performs access and transmission in the cell with the highest average SINR value (slave cell 1), and then returns to step 2;
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
实施例7Example 7
图10是实施例7的场景示意图，图11是实施例7的关键步骤多关联过程图，假设网络中有4个BSS，本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP。主AP所在的小区为主小区，从AP1 所在小区为从小区1，从AP2所在小区为从小区2，从AP3所在小区为从小区3，从小区2 从小区3共享一个信道。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户进入多关联状态后，在协议规定的时限T内上行传输数据时，先后向不同信道的从AP传输数据的方法。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a scene in Embodiment 7, and Fig. 11 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 7, assuming that there are 4 BSSs in the network, and the STA in this embodiment belongs to the master AP. The cell where the master AP is located is the master cell, the cell where the slave AP1 is located is the slave cell 1, the cell where the slave AP2 is located is the slave cell 2, the cell where the slave AP3 is located is the slave cell 3, and the slave cell 2 and the slave cell 3 share a channel. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS associated access, so that after the cell edge user enters the multi-associated state, when transmitting data uplink within the time limit T specified in the protocol, the method successively transmits data to the slave APs of different channels.
步骤1：小区边缘用户STA在进行多关联时任意选择如下两种实现方式：Step 1: The cell edge user STA arbitrarily chooses the following two implementation methods when performing multi-association:
实现方式1为当小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP(access point)发送多关联初始化帧 MA-INIT(Multi-associate initialization)，主AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK(Multi-associate initializationacknowledgement)或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK(Multi-associateinitialization not acknowledgement)，若STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并向STA所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP 发送多连接申请帧MA-Req(multi-access-request)，不论所述多个从AP的主信道是否相同， MA-Req在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；在STA发送MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到STA发送的MA-Req帧，从AP中收到MA-Req帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向STA返回多连接申请同意帧MA-Req-ACK(multi-access-requestacknowledgement)或者多连接申请拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK(multi-access-request notacknowledgement)；若STA收到待选从AP的 MA-Req-ACK帧，则向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与STA形成关联关系，即STA 在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从 AP为该STA提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Implementation1 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT (Multi-associate initialization) is sent to the main wireless access point AP (access point). After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP sends the Return the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT-ACK (Multi-associate initialization acknowledgment) or the multi-association initialization disagreement frame MA-INIT-NAK (Multi-associate initialization not acknowledgment), if the STA receives the MA-INIT-ACK, the STA listens Multiple channels, and send a multi-connection application frame MA-Req (multi-access-request) to multiple secondary APs in other cells than the cell to which the STA belongs, regardless of whether the primary channels of the multiple secondary APs are the same, MA-Req is sent on multiple channels at the same time or on each channel in sequence; after the STA sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not all slave APs will receive the MA-Req frame sent by the STA, and the slave AP The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame is called the slave AP to be selected. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the slave AP to be selected returns a multi-connection application agreement frame MA-Req-ACK (multi-access-request acknowledgment) to the STA. Or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK (multi-access-request notacknowledgement); if the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it will send the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA from the AP to be selected The AP forms an association relationship with the STA, that is, the STA registers on the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA provides services for the STA, and then transfers to Step 2;
STA若没有收到主AP的MA-INIT-ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If the STA does not receive the MA-INIT-ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
实现方式2为小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；收到STA发送的MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req-ACK或拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK多连接申请；若STA接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req-ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt(multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回MA_Rpt ACK帧(multi-associate-reportacknowledgement)确认，之后转入步骤2，STA若没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程；Implementation mode 2 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold andT1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, it listens to multiple channels and sends multiple connection request frames MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Regardless of whether the master channel of the master AP and the slave AP are the same, MA-Req is in multiple Channels are sent at the same time or sequentially on each channel; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by the STA chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req-ACK or reject the frame MA-Req-NAK to apply for multiple connections; if the STA receives more than or equal to The MA-Req-ACK returned by 1 AP sends a multi-connection application agreement frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, whether the association with the slave AP is successfully established, and the master AP receives the MA_Rpt frame After that, return the MA_Rpt ACK frame (multi-associate-report acknowledgment) to confirm, and then turn to step 2. If the STA does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the AP, it will abandon the multi-BSS association process;
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤2.1：在时间T内，STA先与从AP1进行数据的接入与传输，再与在共享同一信道的从AP2和从AP3进行数据传输，在时间T过后，切换回主小区；Step 2.1: Within time T, STA first performs data access and transmission with slave AP1, then performs data transmission with slave AP2 and slave AP3 sharing the same channel, and switches back to the primary cell after time T passes;
步骤2.2：切换回主小区后，等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，时间D过后，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Step 2.2: After switching back to the main cell, wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D, so as not to cause interference to other users. After the time D, if D=0, it means that after switching back The channel can be used immediately, that is, it degenerates to implementation mode 1, and then returns to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程。Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, the STA performs the backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process is performed in the cell with the highest current SINR or the cell with the highest average SINR.
步骤3.1：STA在与从AP1、从AP2和从AP3的多关联完成后，基于EDCA机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行随机退避过程。Step 3.1: After the STA completes the multi-association with the slave AP1, slave AP2 and slave AP3, based on the EDCA mechanism, the STA performs a random backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell simultaneously.
步骤3.2：STA完成退避后，向从AP1接入并上行传输数据；Step 3.2: After the STA finishes backing off, it accesses and transmits data uplink to the slave AP1;
步骤3.3：从小区2和从小区3共享同一个信道，STA与从AP1传输数据完成后，重新退避，退避完成后，在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；返回步骤2。Step 3.3: Secondary cell 2 and secondary cell 3 share the same channel. After the STA and secondary AP1 complete the data transmission, back off again. After the back-off is completed, execute in the cell with the highest SINR or the highest average SINR. Access and transmission process; return to step 2.
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
实施例8Example 8
图12是实施例8的场景示意图，图13是实施例8的关键步骤多关联过程图。假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP。另外两个 BSS的AP分别为从AP1和从AP2，从AP1和从AP2不工作在同一信道。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户进入多关联状态后，在协议规定的时限 T内上行传输数据时，同时向不同信道的从AP传输数据的方法。Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the scene of the eighth embodiment, and Fig. 13 is a multi-association process diagram of the key steps of the eighth embodiment. Suppose there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the master AP. The APs of the other two BSSs are slave AP1 and slave AP2 respectively, and slave AP1 and slave AP2 do not work on the same channel. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS associated access, so that after the cell edge user enters the multi-associated state, when transmitting data uplink within the time limit T specified in the protocol, the method simultaneously transmits data to slave APs of different channels.
步骤1：小区边缘用户STA在进行多关联时任意选择如下两种实现方式：Step 1: The cell edge user STA arbitrarily chooses the following two implementation methods when performing multi-association:
实现方式1为当小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP(access point)发送多关联初始化帧 MA-INIT(Multi-associate initialization)，主AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK(Multi-associate initializationacknowledgement)或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK(Multi-associateinitialization not acknowledgement)，若STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并向STA所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP 发送多连接申请帧MA-Req(multi-access-request)，不论所述多个从AP的主信道是否相同， MA-Req在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；在STA发送MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到STA发送的MA-Req帧，从AP中收到MA-Req帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向STA返回多连接申请同意帧MA-Req-ACK(multi-access-requestacknowledgement)或者多连接申请拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK(multi-access-request notacknowledgement)；若STA收到待选从AP的 MA-Req-ACK帧，则向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与STA形成关联关系，即STA 在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从 AP为该STA提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Implementation1 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT (Multi-associate initialization) is sent to the main wireless access point AP (access point). After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP sends the Return the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT-ACK (Multi-associate initialization acknowledgment) or the multi-association initialization disagreement frame MA-INIT-NAK (Multi-associate initialization not acknowledgment), if the STA receives the MA-INIT-ACK, the STA listens Multiple channels, and send a multi-connection application frame MA-Req (multi-access-request) to multiple secondary APs in other cells than the cell to which the STA belongs, regardless of whether the primary channels of the multiple secondary APs are the same, MA-Req is sent on multiple channels at the same time or on each channel in sequence; after the STA sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not all slave APs will receive the MA-Req frame sent by the STA, and the slave AP The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame is called the slave AP to be selected. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the slave AP to be selected returns a multi-connection application agreement frame MA-Req-ACK (multi-access-request acknowledgment) to the STA. Or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK (multi-access-request notacknowledgement); if the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it will send the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA from the AP to be selected The AP forms an association relationship with the STA, that is, the STA registers on the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA provides services for the STA, and then transfers to Step 2;
STA若没有收到主AP的MA-INIT-ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If the STA does not receive the MA-INIT-ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
实现方式2为小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；收到STA发送的MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req-ACK或拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK多连接申请；若STA接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req-ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt(multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回MA_Rpt ACK帧(multi-associate-reportacknowledgement)确认，之后转入步骤2，STA若没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程；Implementation mode 2 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold andT1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, it listens to multiple channels and sends multiple connection request frames MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Regardless of whether the master channel of the master AP and the slave AP are the same, MA-Req is in multiple Channels are sent at the same time or sequentially on each channel; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by the STA chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req-ACK or reject the frame MA-Req-NAK to apply for multiple connections; if the STA receives more than or equal to The MA-Req-ACK returned by 1 AP sends a multi-connection application agreement frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, whether the association with the slave AP is successfully established, and the master AP receives the MA_Rpt frame After that, return the MA_Rpt ACK frame (multi-associate-report acknowledgment) to confirm, and then turn to step 2. If the STA does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the AP, it will abandon the multi-BSS association process;
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤2.1：在时间T内，STA先与从AP1进行数据的接入与传输，再与在共享同一信道的从AP2和从AP3进行数据传输，在时间T过后，切换回主小区；Step 2.1: Within time T, STA first performs data access and transmission with slave AP1, then performs data transmission with slave AP2 and slave AP3 sharing the same channel, and switches back to the primary cell after time T passes;
步骤2.2：切换回主小区后，等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，时间D过后，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Step 2.2: After switching back to the main cell, wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within D, so as not to cause interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，接入和传输过程有三种实现方式，三种实现方式具体描述如下：Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, the STA performs the backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively. value, and then back off. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. There are three implementation methods for the access and transmission process. The three implementation methods are described in detail as follows:
实现方式1：在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Implementation method 1: In the access of a cell whose backoff count value is reduced to 0, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff The count value continues to back off;
实现方式2：在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR(Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio) 最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 2: perform the access and transmission process in the cell with the highest current SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) or the cell with the highest average SINR;
实现方式3：同一个信道的不同小区，选择SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输；Implementation method 3: For different cells of the same channel, select the cell with the highest SINR to perform access and transmission;
步骤3.1：STA采用上述实现方法，在退避完成后进行接入；Step 3.1: The STA adopts the above-mentioned implementation method, and performs access after the backoff is completed;
步骤3.2：STA同时与从小区1，从小区2接入并传输数据；之后返回步骤2。Step 3.2: STA simultaneously accesses and transmits data with Scell 1 and Scell 2; then return to step 2.
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往STA的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet received from the AP to the STA to the MAC address of the STA, and then send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
实施例9Example 9
图12是实施例9的场景示意图，图14是实施例9的关键步骤多关联过程图。假设网络中有3个BSS，每个BSS都有一个AP。本实施例中的STA隶属于主AP。另外两个 BSS的AP分别为从AP1和从AP2。本实施例举例说明了采用多BSS关联接入的方法，使得小区边缘用户进入多关联状态后，在协议规定的时限T内上行传输数据后，切换回主小区后，发现无法传输数据，先不进行数据传输冻结一段时间D后再开始与主AP进行接入和传输数据的方法。FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a scene in Embodiment 9, and FIG. 14 is a multi-association process diagram of key steps in Embodiment 9. Suppose there are 3 BSSs in the network, and each BSS has an AP. The STA in this embodiment belongs to the master AP. The APs of the other two BSSs are slave AP1 and slave AP2 respectively. This embodiment exemplifies the method of using multi-BSS association access, so that after the cell edge user enters the multi-association state, after transmitting data uplink within the time limit T specified in the protocol, after switching back to the main cell, it is found that data cannot be transmitted. A method of freezing data transmission for a period of time D before starting to access and transmit data with the main AP.
步骤1：小区边缘用户STA在进行多关联时任意选择如下两种实现方式：Step 1: The cell edge user STA arbitrarily chooses the following two implementation methods when performing multi-association:
实现方式1为当小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者 T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，向主无线接入点AP(access point)发送多关联初始化帧 MA-INIT(Multi-associate initialization)，主AP接收到多关联初始化帧后，向STA返回多关联初始化同意帧MA-INIT-ACK(Multi-associate initializationacknowledgement)或者多关联初始化不同意帧MA-INIT-NAK(Multi-associateinitialization not acknowledgement)，若STA接收到MA-INIT-ACK，STA侦听多个信道，并向STA所隶属的小区之外的其他小区的多个从AP 发送多连接申请帧MA-Req(multi-access-request)，不论所述多个从AP的主信道是否相同， MA-Req在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；在STA发送MA-Req帧后，根据无线局域网802.11协议，不是所有从AP都会收到STA发送的MA-Req帧，从AP中收到MA-Req帧的从AP称为待选从AP，待选从AP在收到MA-Req帧后，向STA返回多连接申请同意帧MA-Req-ACK(multi-access-requestacknowledgement)或者多连接申请拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK(multi-access-request notacknowledgement)；若STA收到待选从AP的 MA-Req-ACK帧，则向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP与STA形成关联关系，即STA 在向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从AP上注册，向STA发送MA-Req-ACK帧的待选从 AP为该STA提供服务，之后转入步骤2；Implementation1 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greater than the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold and T1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, the multi-association initialization frame MA-INIT (Multi-associate initialization) is sent to the main wireless access point AP (access point). After receiving the multi-association initialization frame, the main AP sends the Return the multi-association initialization agreement frame MA-INIT-ACK (Multi-associate initialization acknowledgment) or the multi-association initialization disagreement frame MA-INIT-NAK (Multi-associate initialization not acknowledgment), if the STA receives the MA-INIT-ACK, the STA listens Multiple channels, and send a multi-connection application frame MA-Req (multi-access-request) to multiple secondary APs in other cells than the cell to which the STA belongs, regardless of whether the primary channels of the multiple secondary APs are the same, MA-Req is sent on multiple channels at the same time or on each channel in sequence; after the STA sends the MA-Req frame, according to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol, not all slave APs will receive the MA-Req frame sent by the STA, and the slave AP The slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame is called the slave AP to be selected. After receiving the MA-Req frame, the slave AP to be selected returns a multi-connection application agreement frame MA-Req-ACK (multi-access-request acknowledgment) to the STA. Or multi-connection application rejection frame MA-Req-NAK (multi-access-request notacknowledgement); if the STA receives the MA-Req-ACK frame from the AP to be selected, it will send the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA from the AP to be selected The AP forms an association relationship with the STA, that is, the STA registers on the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA, and the candidate AP that sends the MA-Req-ACK frame to the STA provides services for the STA, and then transfers to Step 2;
STA若没有收到主AP的MA-INIT-ACK或者没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多基本服务集BSS(Basic Service Set)关联流程；If the STA does not receive the MA-INIT-ACK from the master AP or does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the slave AP, it will abandon the multi-basic service set BSS (Basic Service Set) association process;
实现方式2为小区边缘用户STA在T1时间内的平均干扰大于规定的干扰阈值，或者T1时间内平均吞吐量低于规定的吞吐量阈值时，所述干扰阈值和吞吐量阈值以及T1由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，侦听多个信道并向多个从AP发送多连接申请帧MA-Req，无论主AP和从AP的主信道是否相同，MA-Req均在多个信道同时发送或者依次分别在各个信道上发送；收到STA发送的MA-Req帧的从AP选择同意帧MA-Req-ACK或拒绝帧 MA-Req-NAK多连接申请；若STA接收到大于等于1个AP返回的MA-Req-ACK，则发送多连接申请同意帧MA_Rpt(multi-associate-report)向主AP告知多关联结果，即告知是否成功与从AP建立关联，主AP接收到MA_Rpt帧后，返回MA_Rpt ACK帧(multi-associate-reportacknowledgement)确认，之后转入步骤2，STA若没有收到任何一个从AP的MA-Req-ACK，则放弃多BSS关联流程；Implementation mode 2 is that when the average interference of the cell edge user STA within T1 time is greaterthan the specified interference threshold, or the average throughput within T1 time is lowerthan the specified throughput threshold, the interference threshold and throughput threshold andT1 According to the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections, it listens to multiple channels and sends multiple connection request frames MA-Req to multiple slave APs. Regardless of whether the master channel of the master AP and the slave AP are the same, MA-Req is in multiple Channels are sent at the same time or sequentially on each channel; the slave AP that receives the MA-Req frame sent by the STA chooses to agree to the frame MA-Req-ACK or reject the frame MA-Req-NAK to apply for multiple connections; if the STA receives more than or equal to The MA-Req-ACK returned by 1 AP sends a multi-connection application agreement frame MA_Rpt (multi-associate-report) to inform the master AP of the multi-association result, that is, whether the association with the slave AP is successfully established, and the master AP receives the MA_Rpt frame After that, return the MA_Rpt ACK frame (multi-associate-report acknowledgment) to confirm, and then turn to step 2. If the STA does not receive any MA-Req-ACK from the AP, it will abandon the multi-BSS association process;
步骤2：在STA多连接流程成功之后，处于多关联状态，多关联状态存在时限X，X由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，在多关联状态下，如果有上行数据需要发送，则执行步骤3；如果收到主AP或从AP的调度帧，则执行步骤4；从AP收到发往STA的下行数据包，则执行步骤5；如果STA需要切换主AP，则执行步骤6；Step 2: After the STA multi-connection process is successful, it is in the multi-association state. The multi-association state has a time limit X. X is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multi-connection. In the multi-association state, if there is uplink data to be sent, execute Step 3: If the scheduling frame from the master AP or the slave AP is received, go to step 4; if the slave AP receives a downlink data packet sent to the STA, go to step 5; if the STA needs to switch the master AP, go to step 6;
其中多关联状态的时限X有两种实现方式：There are two ways to realize the time limit X of the multi-association state:
实现方式1为规定时间X，X由协议规定，边缘节点在多小区BSS(Basic ServiceSet) 连接T时间后，边缘节点STA在进入多关联状态X时间之后，自动切回主小区工作，之后返回步骤1；Implementation 1 is the specified time X, X is stipulated by the protocol, after the edge node is connected to the multi-cell BSS (Basic ServiceSet) for T time, the edge node STA will automatically switch back to the main cell to work after entering the multi-association state for X time, and then return to the step 1;
实现方式2为STA切换回主小区后，需等待一段时间D，D由无线局域网802.11协议规定，在时间D内不能传输数据，以免对其他用户造成干扰，若D＝0，表示切换回来后可立即使用信道，即退化为实现方式1，之后返回步骤1；Implementation method 2 is that after the STA switches back to the main cell, it needs to wait for a period of time D. D is stipulated by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol. Data cannot be transmitted within the time D to avoid interference to other users. Immediately use the channel, that is, degenerate to implementation mode 1, and then return to step 1;
步骤2.1：在时间T内，STA与从AP1和从AP2同时进行上行传输，时间T过后，切换回主小区；Step 2.1: Within time T, STA performs uplink transmission simultaneously with slave AP1 and slave AP2, and switches back to the primary cell after time T passes;
步骤2.2：切换回主小区后，STA发现无法传输数据，先不进行数据传输冻结一段时间D，以免对其他用户造成干扰，再开始与主AP进行接入和传输数据。之后返回步骤1。Step 2.2: After switching back to the main cell, the STA finds that it cannot transmit data, and freezes the data transmission for a period of time D to avoid interference with other users, and then starts to access and transmit data with the main AP. Then return to step 1.
步骤3：STA基于增强型分布式协调接入EDCA(Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) 机制，在主小区和从小区同时执行退避过程，根据EDCA机制中的退避流程，在主小区和从小区分别初始化竞争窗CW值，然后进行退避，任何一个小区退避到0之后，即可执行接入和传输过程，接入和传输过程有三种实现方式，三种实现方式具体描述如下：Step 3: Based on the Enhanced Distributed Coordinated Access EDCA (Enhanced Distributed ChannelAccess) mechanism, the STA performs the backoff process in the primary cell and the secondary cell at the same time. According to the backoff process in the EDCA mechanism, the contention window CW is initialized in the primary cell and the secondary cell respectively. value, and then back off. After any cell backs off to 0, the access and transmission process can be performed. There are three implementation methods for the access and transmission process. The three implementation methods are described in detail as follows:
实现方式1：在退避计数值减到0的小区接入，对应的接入和传输过程中，所有信道任意选择退避方式，即选择重新退避，或者选择在其他没有退避完的小区保留上一次退避计数值继续退避；Implementation method 1: In the access of a cell whose backoff count value is reduced to 0, during the corresponding access and transmission process, all channels choose the backoff method arbitrarily, that is, choose to backoff again, or choose to keep the last backoff in other cells that have not finished backoff The count value continues to back off;
实现方式2：在当前信号与干扰加噪声比SINR(Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio) 最高的小区或平均SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输过程；Implementation method 2: perform the access and transmission process in the cell with the highest current SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) or the cell with the highest average SINR;
实现方式3：同一个信道的不同小区，选择SINR最高的小区执行接入和传输；Implementation method 3: For different cells of the same channel, select the cell with the highest SINR to perform access and transmission;
步骤3.1：STA采用上述实现方法，在退避完成后进行接入；Step 3.1: The STA adopts the above-mentioned implementation method, and performs access after the backoff is completed;
步骤3.2：STA同时与从小区1，从小区2接入并传输数据；之后返回步骤2。Step 3.2: STA simultaneously accesses and transmits data with Scell 1 and Scell 2; then return to step 2.
步骤4：STA在与多个AP关联之后，回复主AP及从AP的资源请求RR(resourcerequest) 帧，收集帧并通过各个AP的TF的调度来执行基于正交频分多址接入OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)技术的上行传输，或者通过各个AP触发触发-资源请求帧TF-RR(trigger frame-resource request)形成OFDMA随机接入，如果AP发的是TF，那么执行OFDMA；如果AP发的是TF-RR，那么执行OFDMA随机接入；Step 4: After the STA is associated with multiple APs, it replies to the resource request RR (resourcerequest) frame of the master AP and the slave AP, collects the frames, and executes OFDMA based on the TF scheduling of each AP ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology uplink transmission, or each AP triggers trigger-resource request frame TF-RR (trigger frame-resource request) to form OFDMA random access, if the AP sends TF, then perform OFDMA; if the AP If the TF-RR is sent, perform OFDMA random access;
返回步骤2；Return to step 2;
步骤5：STA在步骤1，步骤2与从AP多关联成功之后，如果从AP没有接收到发STA 的数据包，继续侦听信道，按照802.11协议执行；如果从AP接收到发往STA的数据包，修改以太网包头域，将从AP接收到发往节点A的数据包的目的地址修改为STA的MAC地址，从AP再将修改后的数据包通过有线网络送出去；Step 5: After the STA has successfully multi-associated with the secondary AP in step 1 and step 2, if the secondary AP does not receive the data packet sent to the STA, continue to listen to the channel and execute according to the 802.11 protocol; if the secondary AP receives data sent to the STA Packet, modify the Ethernet packet header field, modify the destination address of the data packet sent to node A received from the AP to the MAC address of the STA, and send the modified data packet from the AP through the wired network;
主AP接收到该数据包后，会转发给STA，之后返回步骤2；After the main AP receives the data packet, it will forward it to the STA, and then return to step 2;
步骤6：STA存在时间门限T2，T2由支持多连接的无线局域网802.11协议规定，如果超过时间门限T2，当某从小区的干扰小于主小区，或吞吐量高于主小区时，则启动关联切换过程，启动关联切换过程的前提是主BSS和从BSS属于同一个扩展服务集合ESS(ExtendedService Set)，关联切换过程为：当STA向待切换的从AP发出重新关联请求ReassociationRequest帧，从AP接收到Reassociation Request帧后回复Reassociation Response帧实现关联切换，或STA向STA在进行多关联之前隶属的小区的主AP发出解除关联Disassociation帧，实现关联切换。Step 6: STA has a time threshold T2 , T2 is specified by the wireless LAN 802.11 protocol that supports multiple connections. If the time threshold T2 is exceeded, when the interference of a secondary cell is smaller than that of the primary cell, or the throughput is higher than that of the primary cell, then Start the association switching process. The prerequisite for starting the association switching process is that the master BSS and the slave BSS belong to the same extended service set ESS (ExtendedService Set). The association switching process is: when the STA sends a reassociation request frame to the slave AP to be switched, the slave AP After receiving the Reassociation Request frame, the AP replies with a Reassociation Response frame to implement association switching, or the STA sends a disassociation Disassociation frame to the primary AP of the cell to which the STA belongs before performing multiple associations to implement association switching.
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