CN106571865B - Telemetry data access and transmission method for satellite constellation - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种卫星星群的遥测数据接入传输方法。The invention relates to a telemetry data access and transmission method of a satellite constellation.
背景技术Background technique
在传统卫星遥测数据传输方法中，同时遥测多颗卫星实现地面测控站与多颗卫星同时进行数据传输，需要增加地面测控站、测控设备、测控波束或中继卫星。增加地面测控站、测控设备、测控波束或中继卫星以及卫星独占测控频点，造成管理工作量成倍增加、运营成本相应扩大。这限制了地面测控设备对多颗卫星同时遥测的能力。特别是，严重浪费频谱资源。在较先进的扩频遥测数据传输方法中，由于不同卫星遥测数据传输的异步特性以及扩频码的码间干扰，可以同时传输遥测数据的卫星数量同样非常有限，通常不超过10颗卫星；并且会大大增加接收设备的实现复杂度。而随着分布式、分散化卫星系统日益发展，卫星星群将日益增多，多颗卫星同时遥测的应用场景将越来越多。In the traditional satellite telemetry data transmission method, the simultaneous telemetry of multiple satellites realizes the simultaneous data transmission between the ground measurement and control station and multiple satellites, and it is necessary to add ground measurement and control stations, measurement and control equipment, measurement and control beams or relay satellites. The addition of ground TT&C stations, TT&C equipment, TT&C beams or relay satellites, and satellite-only TT&C frequency points will result in a doubled increase in management workload and a corresponding increase in operating costs. This limits the ability of ground measurement and control equipment to telemetry multiple satellites at the same time. In particular, spectrum resources are seriously wasted. In the more advanced spread-spectrum telemetry data transmission methods, due to the asynchronous nature of telemetry data transmission from different satellites and the inter-symbol interference of spread-spectrum codes, the number of satellites that can simultaneously transmit telemetry data is also very limited, usually no more than 10 satellites; and It will greatly increase the implementation complexity of the receiving device. With the increasing development of distributed and decentralized satellite systems, the number of satellite constellations will increase, and there will be more and more application scenarios for simultaneous telemetry of multiple satellites.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了使多颗卫星同时共享测控频点向一台地面测控站发送卫星数据，本发明提供了一种卫星星群的遥测数据接入传输方法，包括对接入传输遥测数据卫星端口进行区分的步骤；对所传输的数据进行组帧并获得传输帧的步骤；星群中多颗卫星同时接入同一地面测控设备的步骤；协调多颗卫星向同一地面测控设备按时序发送传输帧的步骤；所述对传输数据卫星端口进行区分的步骤，包括通过卫星读取传输源地址信息、目的地址信息、源端口号信息、目的端口号信息和传输优先级信息的操作；然后将传输源地址信息、目的地址信息、源端口号信息、目的端口号信息和传输优先级信息加入到传输帧帧头位置的操作。In order to enable multiple satellites to share measurement and control frequency points at the same time to send satellite data to a ground measurement and control station, the present invention provides a telemetry data access and transmission method for a satellite constellation, including the step of distinguishing satellite ports for access and transmission of telemetry data. ; the step of framing the transmitted data and obtaining the transmission frame; the step of simultaneously accessing the same ground measurement and control equipment by multiple satellites in the constellation; the step of coordinating multiple satellites to send the transmission frame to the same ground measurement and control equipment in time sequence; Describe the steps of distinguishing the transmission data satellite ports, including the operation of reading transmission source address information, destination address information, source port number information, destination port number information and transmission priority information by satellite; The operation of adding address information, source port number information, destination port number information and transmission priority information to the frame header of a transmission frame.
优选的，所述对所传输的数据进行组帧并获得传输帧的步骤，包括将卫星遥测数据按照固定长分割为多个数据包的操作；将数据包组帧加入传输帧的操作。Preferably, the step of framing the transmitted data and obtaining the transmission frame includes the operation of dividing the satellite telemetry data into multiple data packets according to a fixed length; and the operation of adding the data packet framing to the transmission frame.
优选的，所述协调多颗卫星向同一地面测控设备按时序发送传输帧的步骤是通过每颗卫星按相同等待间隔时间对地面测控站进行载波侦听实现的。Preferably, the step of coordinating multiple satellites to send transmission frames to the same ground measurement and control equipment in a time sequence is realized by each satellite performing carrier sensing on the ground measurement and control station at the same waiting interval.
优选的，所述协调多颗卫星向同一地面测控设备按时序发送传输帧的步骤，包括卫星对地面测控站进行等待的操作，卫星对地面测控站进行载波侦听的操作，若地面测控站频点空闲，则卫星向地面测控站发送传输帧的操作；否则，卫星对地面测控站进行重新等待的操作；Preferably, the step of coordinating multiple satellites to send transmission frames to the same ground measurement and control equipment in time sequence includes the operation of waiting for the ground measurement and control station by the satellite, and the operation of the satellite performing carrier sensing on the ground measurement and control station. If the point is idle, the satellite sends the transmission frame to the ground measurement and control station; otherwise, the satellite waits for the ground measurement and control station again;
若卫星向地面测控站发送传输帧的操作成功，则检测是否收到地面测控站的应答，若收到应答则下行发送同一服务的后继传输帧；否则，卫星对地面测控站进行重新等待的操作。If the operation of sending the transmission frame from the satellite to the ground measurement and control station is successful, it will detect whether it receives a response from the ground measurement and control station, and if it receives a response, it will send down the subsequent transmission frame of the same service; otherwise, the satellite will wait for the ground measurement and control station again. .
优选的，所述卫星对地面测控站进行重新等待的操作是指卫星需要额外等待一个随机间隔时间。Preferably, the operation of the satellite re-waiting for the ground measurement and control station means that the satellite needs to wait for an additional random interval.
优选的，所述重新等待的操作，其随机间隔时间是通过卫星星上产生随机数值并配合地面测控站向卫星发送广播指令来完成的。Preferably, the random interval of the re-waiting operation is accomplished by generating a random value on the satellite and cooperating with the ground measurement and control station to send a broadcast command to the satellite.
本发明采用节点地址使不同卫星互相区分来实现多颗卫星与同一地面测控站之间具有不同通信链路，并对同一颗卫星通过服务端口号区分相同节点的不同服务，使同一频率的卫星数据传输通道能够被重复使用。采用这种方式，一个地面测控站能够同时接入遥测65536颗卫星。当包含多颗卫星的卫星星群同时入境时，利用载波侦听、随机接入和分时复用同一频率的卫星数据传输通道来同地面测控站传输数据。通过共享测控频点实现对多星的低成本的遥测。通过调整载波侦听等待时间协调各卫星与地面测控站按时序下传遥测数据。The invention uses node addresses to distinguish different satellites from each other to realize different communication links between multiple satellites and the same ground measurement and control station, and distinguishes different services of the same node for the same satellite through the service port number, so that the satellite data of the same frequency Transmission channels can be reused. In this way, a ground measurement and control station can simultaneously access 65,536 satellites for telemetry. When a satellite constellation containing multiple satellites enters at the same time, carrier sensing, random access and time-division multiplexing of the same frequency satellite data transmission channel are used to transmit data with the ground measurement and control station. Low-cost telemetry for multiple satellites is realized by sharing the frequency point of measurement and control. Coordinate each satellite and the ground monitoring and control station to download telemetry data according to the time sequence by adjusting the carrier sense waiting time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是发送端发送传输帧步骤示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of sending a transmission frame by a sender.
图2是接收端接收传输帧步骤示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the steps of receiving a transmission frame at a receiving end.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明提供的具体实施方式做详细说明。The specific embodiments provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
在卫星测控任务中，下行接收卫星遥测数据是卫星测控的主要任务之一。本发明的具体实施方式采用下述步骤实现下行接收卫星遥测数据。下行接收卫星遥测数据是通过卫星对数据的发送和地面测控站对数据的接收实现的。In satellite measurement and control tasks, receiving satellite telemetry data downlink is one of the main tasks of satellite measurement and control. The specific embodiment of the present invention adopts the following steps to realize downlink reception of satellite telemetry data. The downlink reception of satellite telemetry data is realized through the transmission of data by satellite and the reception of data by ground monitoring and control station.
由于在诸如卫星星群遥测等应用场景中有多颗卫星向同一地面测控站发送数据，下行接收卫星遥测数据需要有不同的节点地址。在下行接收卫星遥测数据时，卫星作为发送端且地面测控站作为接收端。Since multiple satellites send data to the same ground measurement and control station in application scenarios such as satellite constellation telemetry, different node addresses are required to receive satellite telemetry data downlink. When receiving satellite telemetry data downlink, the satellite acts as the transmitter and the ground measurement and control station acts as the receiver.
下行接收卫星遥测数据。首先，卫星遥测数据封装在传输帧内；然后，传输源地址信息、目的地址信息、源端口号信息、目的端口号信息和传输优先级信息被加入到传输帧的帧头位置；最后，相应校验码被增加在传输帧的结尾位置。通过这个过程完成对卫星遥测数据的组帧，生成传输帧。Downlink to receive satellite telemetry data. First, the satellite telemetry data is encapsulated in the transmission frame; then, the transmission source address information, destination address information, source port number information, destination port number information and transmission priority information are added to the frame header position of the transmission frame; finally, the corresponding calibration The verification code is added at the end of the transmission frame. Through this process, the framing of the satellite telemetry data is completed, and the transmission frame is generated.
卫星遥测数据被分割成定长的数据包，这些数据包被封装在传输帧内。每份卫星遥测数据按照最小200字节的数据量被分割为多个定长的数据包。传输帧的数据格式由源地址字段、目的地址字段、源端口号字段、目的端口号字段、优先级字段、卫星遥测数据包字段和检验码字段组成。其中，源地址信息占用2字节、目的地址信息占用2字节、源端口号信息占用1字节、目的端口号信息占用1字节、优先级信息占用1字节、卫星数据包信息占用最小200字节、检验码信息占用4字节。每一个传输帧为以上字节的和。Satellite telemetry data is segmented into fixed-length packets, which are encapsulated within transmission frames. Each satellite telemetry data is divided into multiple fixed-length data packets according to the minimum data volume of 200 bytes. The data format of the transmission frame consists of a source address field, a destination address field, a source port number field, a destination port number field, a priority field, a satellite telemetry data packet field and a check code field. Among them, the source address information occupies 2 bytes, the destination address information occupies 2 bytes, the source port number information occupies 1 byte, the destination port number information occupies 1 byte, the priority information occupies 1 byte, and the satellite data packet information occupies the minimum 200 bytes, check code information occupies 4 bytes. Each transmission frame is the sum of the above bytes.
源地址是发送传输帧的卫星地址。目的地址是接收传输帧的地面测控站地址。源端口号是发送传输帧卫星的服务端口号，用于区分同一卫星上的不同服务。目的端口号是接收传输帧地面测控站的服务端口号，用于区分接收端不同服务。优先级是卫星区分同时被触发的不同服务传输帧之间的传输顺序，在多颗卫星向同一地面测控站传送传输帧时，用于控制不同服务的传输帧接入同一地面测控站的顺序。The source address is the satellite address from which the transmission frame is sent. The destination address is the address of the ground measurement and control station that receives the transmission frame. The source port number is the service port number of the satellite sending the transmission frame and is used to distinguish different services on the same satellite. The destination port number is the service port number of the ground measurement and control station receiving the transmission frame, which is used to distinguish different services at the receiving end. Priority is the transmission sequence of different service transmission frames that are triggered at the same time by satellites. When multiple satellites transmit transmission frames to the same ground measurement and control station, it is used to control the order in which transmission frames of different services are connected to the same ground measurement and control station.
一段卫星遥测数据从其第一位数据起按最小200字节长截取一个卫星遥测数据包，因此一段卫星遥测数据能够被分成多个卫星遥测数据包。若一项卫星遥测数据不足200字节长，则不足部分用0占位。在一段卫星遥测数据被分割后，若最后一个卫星遥测数据包不足200字节长，则不足部分用0占位。这样，较长的卫星遥测数据被分割为多个200字节长的卫星遥测数据包。A piece of satellite telemetry data intercepts a satellite telemetry data packet with a minimum length of 200 bytes from its first data, so a piece of satellite telemetry data can be divided into multiple satellite telemetry data packets. If a piece of satellite telemetry data is less than 200 bytes long, 0 is used for the insufficient part. After a segment of satellite telemetry data is divided, if the last satellite telemetry data packet is less than 200 bytes long, the insufficient part is occupied with 0 bits. In this way, the longer satellite telemetry data is split into multiple 200-byte long satellite telemetry packets.
对传输帧增加CRC检验码。A CRC check code is added to the transmission frame.
多颗卫星能够同时接入同一地面测控设备。各卫星之间建立星间链路存在各方面影响因素，在低成本卫星间难以建立稳定可靠的星间链路，必须由地面测控站协调多颗卫星向同一个地面测控站按时序下传卫星遥测数据。Multiple satellites can access the same ground measurement and control equipment at the same time. There are various factors affecting the establishment of inter-satellite links between satellites. It is difficult to establish a stable and reliable inter-satellite link between low-cost satellites. The ground measurement and control station must coordinate multiple satellites to the same ground measurement and control station. telemetry data.
采用载波侦听信道保留多址传输数据，能够兼顾传输突发数据和传输连续数据流。多颗卫星向同一个地面测控站按时序下传遥测数据。此时，卫星为发送端，地面测控站为接收端。The carrier sense channel is used to reserve multiple access transmission data, which can take into account both the transmission of burst data and the transmission of continuous data streams. Multiple satellites download telemetry data to the same ground measurement and control station in time sequence. At this time, the satellite is the transmitting end, and the ground measurement and control station is the receiving end.
卫星发送传输帧。卫星每隔一定时间后，对地面测控站进行载波侦听以确定频点是否可用。当有其他卫星发送遥测数据，卫星会认为频点繁忙，这颗卫星不会发出数据。当卫星认为频点空闲时，卫星发出遥测数据并等待地面测控站作出应答信号。当卫星收到地面测控站应答信号，卫星能够确定传输帧发送成功并且继续发送下一个传输帧至下行发送完该颗卫星同一服务的所有遥测数据，然后该颗卫星进入等待。如果卫星未收到地面测控站应答信号，则该颗卫星认定传输帧发送失败。该颗卫星重新对地面测控站进行载波侦听确定频点是否可用。The satellite sends transmission frames. After a certain period of time, the satellite performs carrier sensing on the ground monitoring and control station to determine whether the frequency point is available. When other satellites send telemetry data, the satellite will think that the frequency is busy, and this satellite will not send data. When the satellite thinks that the frequency point is idle, the satellite sends out telemetry data and waits for the response signal from the ground measurement and control station. When the satellite receives the response signal from the ground measurement and control station, the satellite can determine that the transmission frame is successfully sent and continue to send the next transmission frame until all telemetry data of the same service of the satellite is sent down, and then the satellite enters the wait. If the satellite does not receive the response signal from the ground measurement and control station, the satellite determines that the transmission of the transmission frame has failed. The satellite performs carrier sensing on the ground measurement and control station again to determine whether the frequency point is available.
地面测控站接收传输帧。地面测控站会等待卫星传输数据。一旦地面测控站接收到卫星传输的数据，则地面测控站就返回相应的应答。The ground measurement and control station receives the transmission frame. The ground measurement and control station will wait for the satellite to transmit data. Once the ground measurement and control station receives the data transmitted by the satellite, the ground measurement and control station will return the corresponding response.
卫星对地面测控站进行载波侦听后，结果显示频点繁忙时，卫星通过调节侦听等待间隔时间T(n)来再次对地面测控站进行载波侦听。每颗卫星将按相同等待间隔时间T(1)对地面测控站进行载波侦听并接入。如卫星无法接入，则卫星需要通过卫星星上生成随机数值并依此额外等待一个随机间隔δt(n)后再次对地面测控站进行载波侦听。After the satellite performs carrier sensing on the ground monitoring and control station, the result shows that when the frequency point is busy, the satellite performs carrier sensing on the ground monitoring and control station again by adjusting the listening waiting interval T(n). Each satellite will carry out carrier sense and access to the ground measurement and control station according to the same waiting interval time T(1). If the satellite cannot be accessed, the satellite needs to generate a random value on the satellite and wait for an additional random interval δt(n) and then perform carrier sensing on the ground measurement and control station again.
地面测控站还能够调节各卫星的初始等待相位Δt，并在其中一颗卫星下发连续数据流时，通过地面测控站向各卫星发送广播指令设置确定值Δt，从而调度其它卫星进行回避。The ground measurement and control station can also adjust the initial waiting phase Δt of each satellite, and when one of the satellites sends a continuous data stream, the ground measurement and control station sends a broadcast command to each satellite to set a certain value Δt, thereby scheduling other satellites to avoid.
侦听等待时间为T(n)＝T(1)+δt(n)+Δt，其中n为成功接入前进行载波侦听的次数。若某颗卫星接入成功，则其n值恢复为1。T(1)为卫星每次发送遥测数据前第一次载波侦听的等待时间，所有卫星具有相同T(1)。δt(n)为卫星每次侦听发现频点繁忙或者接入失败后，自动增加的随机等待时间，该时间小于T(1)并且δt(1)＝0。Δt默认为0，地面测控站可以针对每颗卫星单独设置Δt值，在成功接入后，Δt自动恢复为0。当地面测控站请求某颗卫星进行下传连续数据流，下传连续数据流所消耗的时长为D，则地面测控站同时给其他未传输数据的卫星发送广播指令，使未传输数据卫星的Δt＝D。其他未传输数据的卫星将在原有初始等待相位不变的条件下同时延后D时长后尝试接入。如果传输完成，则Δt自动恢复为0。The listening waiting time is T(n)=T(1)+δt(n)+Δt, where n is the number of carrier senses performed before successful access. If a satellite is successfully connected, its n value is restored to 1. T(1) is the waiting time of the first carrier sense before the satellite sends telemetry data each time, and all satellites have the same T(1). δt(n) is the random waiting time that is automatically increased after every time the satellite detects that the frequency point is busy or fails to access, which is less than T(1) and δt(1)=0. Δt is 0 by default, and the ground measurement and control station can set the Δt value for each satellite individually. After successful access, Δt automatically returns to 0. When the ground measurement and control station requests a certain satellite to download a continuous data stream, and the time consumed for downloading the continuous data stream is D, then the ground measurement and control station simultaneously sends broadcast commands to other satellites that do not transmit data, so that the Δt of the satellite that does not transmit data is =D. Other satellites that do not transmit data will try to access after a delay of D time under the condition that the original initial waiting phase remains unchanged. If the transfer is complete, Δt automatically returns to 0.
当某地面站请求设置Δt＝0时，被调整卫星将记录实际信道占用时长L，并与D进行比较，系统设计余量为P且0≤P≤1。如果出现(1+P)×L小于D，则所有卫星可以在下次收到该Δt设置请求时予以拒绝。When a ground station requests to set Δt=0, the adjusted satellite will record the actual channel occupied duration L and compare it with D. The system design margin is P and 0≤P≤1. If it appears that (1+P)×L is less than D, all satellites can reject this Δt setting request next time.
采用节点地址使不同卫星和测控站之间互相区分，并通过服务端口号区分相同节点的不同服务，使同一卫星数据传输通道能够被重复使用。采用这种方式，一个地面测控站能够同时遥测65536颗卫星。当多颗卫星同时入境时，利用载波侦听、随机接入和分时复用同一卫星数据传输通道来同地面测控站传输数据。通过共享测控频点实现对多星的低成本数据传输。通过调整载波侦听等待时间协调卫星与地面测控站按时序下传遥测数据。The node address is used to distinguish different satellites and measurement and control stations from each other, and the service port number is used to distinguish different services of the same node, so that the same satellite data transmission channel can be reused. In this way, a ground measurement and control station can simultaneously measure 65,536 satellites. When multiple satellites enter at the same time, the same satellite data transmission channel is used to transmit data with the ground measurement and control station using carrier sense, random access and time division multiplexing. Low-cost data transmission to multi-satellites is realized by sharing measurement and control frequency points. By adjusting the carrier sense waiting time, the satellite and the ground measurement and control station are coordinated to download the telemetry data according to the time sequence.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as It is the protection scope of the present invention.
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