技术领域technical field
本发明涉及印制电路板技术领域，特别涉及一种基于SMA接口的PCB(PrintedCircuit Board，印制电路板)布线方法、线宽确定装置及PCB。The present invention relates to the technical field of printed circuit boards, in particular to a PCB (Printed Circuit Board, printed circuit board) wiring method based on an SMA interface, a line width determining device and a PCB.
背景技术Background technique
随着服务器技术的发展越来越快，客户对服务器功能的需求也越来越高。在一些服务器产品开发时，需要使用SMA接口一端与差分信号走线相连，另一端与其他元器件连接，以实现差分信号走线与其他元器件的连接。然而，由于SMA接口尺寸较大，在PCB板上布置差分信号走线时，SMA接口与差分信号走线中的两条走向进行互连，会存在一段不耦合走线区域，请参考图1，为现有技术中PCB示意图，在图1中，差分信号走线与SMA接口连接时，两条走线的方向相差180度。在这种情况下，当对PCB实现打板验证时，SMA接口输出端的阻抗突变幅度会较大，从而影响量测信号质量。With the rapid development of server technology, customers have higher and higher demands on server functions. When some server products are developed, one end of the SMA interface needs to be connected to the differential signal trace, and the other end is connected to other components to realize the connection between the differential signal trace and other components. However, due to the large size of the SMA interface, when laying out the differential signal traces on the PCB, the SMA interface is interconnected with the two directions of the differential signal traces, and there will be an uncoupled trace area. Please refer to Figure 1. It is a schematic diagram of a PCB in the prior art. In FIG. 1 , when a differential signal trace is connected to an SMA interface, the directions of the two traces differ by 180 degrees. In this case, when the board verification is implemented on the PCB, the impedance mutation at the output end of the SMA interface will be relatively large, thereby affecting the quality of the measurement signal.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例提供了一种基于SMA接口的PCB布线方法、线宽确定装置及PCB，以对量测信号质量进行优化。Embodiments of the present invention provide a PCB wiring method based on an SMA interface, a line width determining device and a PCB, so as to optimize the quality of measurement signals.
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种基于SMA接口的PCB布线方法，设置突变范围；差分信号走线包括松耦合部分和紧耦合部分；还包括：In the first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a PCB wiring method based on the SMA interface, which sets the mutation range; the differential signal routing includes a loosely coupled part and a tightly coupled part; it also includes:
确定紧耦合部分对应的第一走线宽度；Determine the first trace width corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
根据所述第一走线宽度确定紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；determining a first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part according to the first trace width;
根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第一阻抗值，确定松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度，以使松耦合部分对应的第二阻抗值与所述第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内；According to the first trace width and the first impedance value, determine the second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part, so that the difference between the second impedance value corresponding to the loosely coupled part and the first impedance value The absolute value is within the mutation range;
根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第二走线宽度，将相应的差分信号走线布置在PCB上。Corresponding differential signal traces are arranged on the PCB according to the first trace width and the second trace width.
优选地，Preferably,
所述根据所述第一走线宽度确定紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值，包括：确定所述差分信号走线在紧耦合部分的第一间距以及确定PCB板的基础参数，将所述第一间距、所述基础参数和所述第一走线宽度输入到阻抗仿真软件中，以计算出紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；The determining the first impedance value corresponding to the tight-coupling part according to the first trace width includes: determining the first spacing of the differential signal traces in the tightly-coupled part and determining the basic parameters of the PCB board. A spacing, the basic parameters and the first trace width are input into the impedance simulation software to calculate the first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
所述根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第一阻抗值，确定松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度，包括：确定所述差分信号走线在松耦合部分的第二间距，并将所述第二间距和所述基础参数输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，并根据所述第一走线宽度调整输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中的走线宽度值，以使所述阻抗仿真软件计算出的第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内，将满足第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内的走线宽度值确定为所述第二走线宽度。The determining the second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part according to the first trace width and the first impedance value includes: determining a second distance between the differential signal traces in the loosely coupled part, and The second spacing and the basic parameters are input into the impedance simulation software, and the trace width value input into the impedance simulation software is adjusted according to the first trace width, so that the impedance simulation software The calculated absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value and the first impedance value is within the mutation range, which will satisfy the requirement that the absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value and the first impedance value is within the mutation range. A line width value is determined as the second line width.
优选地，所述基础参数包括下述参数中的至少一种：走线层与GND层之间的间距、PCB板材的DK指标值、走线上线宽度、走线下线宽度、PCB板的高度、绿油厚度和绿油的DK指标值。Preferably, the basic parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the distance between the wiring layer and the GND layer, the DK index value of the PCB board, the width of the line on the line, the width of the line below the line, and the height of the PCB board , green oil thickness and green oil DK index value.
优选地，Preferably,
进一步包括：设置宽度阈值；Further comprising: setting a width threshold;
所述根据所述第一走线宽度调整输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中的走线宽度值，包括：在所述第一走线宽度的基础上逐个增加所述宽度阈值，并将每增加一次所述宽度阈值时对应的当前走线宽度输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，直到确定出所述第二走线宽度。The adjusting the trace width value input to the impedance simulation software according to the first trace width includes: increasing the width threshold value one by one on the basis of the first trace width, and increasing each time The current trace width corresponding to the width threshold is input into the impedance simulation software until the second trace width is determined.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种差分信号走线的线宽确定装置，包括：In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a line width determination device for differential signal routing, including:
存储单元，用于存储设置的突变范围；A storage unit for storing the set mutation range;
第一确定单元，用于确定紧耦合部分对应的第一走线宽度；The first determination unit is configured to determine the first trace width corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
第二确定单元，用于根据所述第一走线宽度确定紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；A second determining unit, configured to determine a first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part according to the first trace width;
第三确定单元，用于根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第一阻抗值，确定松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度，以使松耦合部分对应的第二阻抗值与所述第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内。A third determination unit, configured to determine a second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part according to the first trace width and the first impedance value, so that the second impedance value corresponding to the loosely coupled part is the same as the first trace width An absolute value of the difference between the impedance values is within the mutation range.
优选地，Preferably,
所述第二确定单元，具体用于确定所述差分信号走线在紧耦合部分的第一间距以及确定PCB板的基础参数，将所述第一间距、所述基础参数和所述第一走线宽度输入到阻抗仿真软件中，以计算出紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；The second determination unit is specifically configured to determine the first spacing of the differential signal traces in the tightly coupled part and determine the basic parameters of the PCB board, and combine the first spacing, the basic parameters and the first routing The line width is input into the impedance simulation software to calculate the first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
所述第三确定单元，具体用于确定所述差分信号走线在松耦合部分的第二间距，并所述第二间距和将所述基础参数输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，并根据所述第一走线宽度调整输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中的走线宽度值，以使所述阻抗仿真软件计算出的第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内，将满足第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内的走线宽度值确定为所述第二走线宽度。The third determination unit is specifically configured to determine the second spacing of the differential signal traces in the loosely coupled part, and input the second spacing and the basic parameters into the impedance simulation software, and according to the The first trace width adjusts the trace width value input to the impedance simulation software, so that the absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value calculated by the impedance simulation software and the first impedance value is located at the abrupt change Within the range, the trace width value satisfying that the absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value and the first impedance value is within the sudden change range is determined as the second trace width.
优选地，所述基础参数包括下述参数中的至少一种：走线层与GND层之间的间距、PCB板材的DK指标值、走线上线宽度、走线下线宽度、PCB板的高度、绿油厚度和绿油的DK指标值。Preferably, the basic parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the distance between the wiring layer and the GND layer, the DK index value of the PCB board, the width of the line on the line, the width of the line below the line, and the height of the PCB board , green oil thickness and green oil DK index value.
优选地，Preferably,
所述存储单元，进一步用于存储设置的宽度阈值；The storage unit is further used to store the set width threshold;
所述第三确定单元，具体用于在所述第一走线宽度的基础上逐个增加所述宽度阈值，并将每增加一次所述宽度阈值时对应的当前走线宽度输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，直到确定出所述第二走线宽度。The third determination unit is specifically configured to increase the width threshold one by one on the basis of the first trace width, and input the corresponding current trace width to the impedance simulation every time the width threshold is increased software until the second trace width is determined.
第三方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种PCB，包括：差分信号走线和至少两个SMA接口，所述差分信号走线中每一条走线通过松耦合部分远离紧耦合部分的一端连接相应的一个SMA接口；其中，所述差分信号走线对应的紧耦合部分的线宽为第一走线宽度，所述差分信号走线对应的松耦合部分的线宽为第二走线宽度，所述第二走线宽度利用上述任一所述差分信号走线的线宽确定装置确定。In the third aspect, the embodiment of the present invention also provides a PCB, including: differential signal traces and at least two SMA interfaces, each trace in the differential signal traces is connected through one end of the loosely coupled part away from the tightly coupled part A corresponding SMA interface; wherein, the line width of the tightly coupled part corresponding to the differential signal line is the first line width, and the line width of the loosely coupled part corresponding to the differential signal line is the second line width, The second trace width is determined by any device for determining the line width of the differential signal trace described above.
本发明实施例提供了一种基于SMA接口的PCB布线方法、线宽确定装置及PCB，通过对松耦合部分对应的差分信号走线的线宽进行调整，以使松耦合部分对应的差分信号走线与紧耦合部分对应的差分信号走线的阻抗值的差值绝对值位于设置的突变范围内，如此，可以降低松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗突变幅度，从而对量测信号质量进行优化。An embodiment of the present invention provides a PCB layout method based on an SMA interface, a line width determination device, and a PCB. By adjusting the line width of the differential signal line corresponding to the loosely coupled part, the differential signal line corresponding to the loosely coupled part can be routed The absolute value of the difference between the impedance values of the differential signal traces corresponding to the line and the tightly coupled part is within the set mutation range, so that the magnitude of the impedance mutation between the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part can be reduced, thereby optimizing the quality of the measured signal .
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are For some embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.
图1是现有技术提供的PCB示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PCB provided by the prior art;
图2是本发明一个实施例提供的一种方法流程图；Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明一个实施例提供的另一种方法流程图；Fig. 3 is another method flowchart provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是现有技术提供的为松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的走线宽度相同时对应的阻抗值仿真示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of impedance value simulation provided by the prior art when the trace widths of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part are the same;
图5是现有技术提供的差分信号走线对应的阻抗变化曲线；FIG. 5 is an impedance change curve corresponding to differential signal traces provided by the prior art;
图6是现有技术提供的量测信号质量波形图；Fig. 6 is a measurement signal quality waveform diagram provided by the prior art;
图7是本发明一个实施例提供的差分信号走线对应的阻抗变化曲线；FIG. 7 is an impedance change curve corresponding to a differential signal trace provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明一个实施例提供的量测信号质量波形图；FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of a measurement signal quality provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图9是本发明一个实施例提供的线宽确定装置结构图；Fig. 9 is a structural diagram of a line width determining device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图10是本发明一个实施例提供的PCB示意图。Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a PCB provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work belong to the protection of the present invention. scope.
实施例一Embodiment one
如图2所示，本发明实施例提供了一种基于SMA接口的PCB布线方法，该方法可以包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a PCB wiring method based on the SMA interface, the method may include the following steps:
步骤201：设置突变范围；其中，差分信号走线包括松耦合部分和紧耦合部分；Step 201: Set the mutation range; wherein, the differential signal routing includes a loosely coupled part and a tightly coupled part;
步骤202：确定紧耦合部分对应的第一走线宽度；Step 202: Determine the first trace width corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
步骤203：根据所述第一走线宽度确定紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；Step 203: Determine a first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part according to the first trace width;
步骤204：根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第一阻抗值，确定松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度，以使松耦合部分对应的第二阻抗值与所述第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内；Step 204: According to the first trace width and the first impedance value, determine the second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part, so that the distance between the second impedance value corresponding to the loosely coupled part and the first impedance value is The absolute value of the difference is within the mutation range;
步骤205：根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第二走线宽度，将相应的差分信号走线布置在PCB上。Step 205: Arranging corresponding differential signal traces on the PCB according to the first trace width and the second trace width.
根据本发明上述实施例，通过对松耦合部分对应的差分信号走线的线宽进行调整，以使松耦合部分对应的差分信号走线与紧耦合部分对应的差分信号走线的阻抗值的差值绝对值位于设置的突变范围内，如此，可以降低松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗突变幅度，从而对量测信号质量进行优化。According to the above embodiments of the present invention, by adjusting the line width of the differential signal traces corresponding to the loosely coupled part, the difference in impedance value between the differential signal traces corresponding to the loosely coupled part and the differential signal traces corresponding to the tightly coupled part The absolute value of the value is within the set mutation range, so that the magnitude of the impedance mutation of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part can be reduced, thereby optimizing the quality of the measurement signal.
为了降低松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗突变幅度，需要调整松耦合部分的走线宽度，在本发明一个实施例中，可以通过仿真软件来确定出松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度：所述根据所述第一走线宽度确定紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值，包括：确定所述差分信号走线在紧耦合部分的第一间距以及确定PCB板的基础参数，将所述第一间距、所述基础参数和所述第一走线宽度输入到阻抗仿真软件中，以计算出紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；In order to reduce the impedance mutation amplitude of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part, the trace width of the loosely coupled part needs to be adjusted. In one embodiment of the present invention, the second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part can be determined by simulation software: The determining the first impedance value corresponding to the tight-coupling part according to the first trace width includes: determining the first spacing of the differential signal traces in the tightly-coupled part and determining the basic parameters of the PCB board. A spacing, the basic parameters and the first trace width are input into the impedance simulation software to calculate the first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
所述根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第一阻抗值，确定松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度，包括：确定所述差分信号走线在松耦合部分的第二间距，并将所述第二间距和所述基础参数输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，并根据所述第一走线宽度调整输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中的走线宽度值，以使所述阻抗仿真软件计算出的第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内，将满足第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内的走线宽度值确定为所述第二走线宽度。The determining the second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part according to the first trace width and the first impedance value includes: determining a second distance between the differential signal traces in the loosely coupled part, and The second spacing and the basic parameters are input into the impedance simulation software, and the trace width value input into the impedance simulation software is adjusted according to the first trace width, so that the impedance simulation software The calculated absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value and the first impedance value is within the mutation range, which will satisfy the requirement that the absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value and the first impedance value is within the mutation range. A line width value is determined as the second line width.
其中，该突变范围设置的越小，松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗突变幅也就越小，量测信号的质量也就越高。Wherein, the smaller the mutation range is set, the smaller the impedance mutation amplitude of the loose coupling part and the tight coupling part is, and the higher the quality of the measurement signal is.
根据上述实施例，利用仿真软件通过PCB板的基础参数和走线宽度可以计算出相应走线对应的阻抗值，从而可以快速确定出基础参数不变的情况下，满足第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内的第二走线宽度，提高了第二走线宽度的确定效率。According to the above embodiment, the impedance value corresponding to the corresponding trace can be calculated by using the simulation software through the basic parameters and trace width of the PCB board, so that it can be quickly determined that the second impedance value and the first impedance value can be satisfied under the condition that the basic parameters remain unchanged. The absolute value of the difference between the impedance values is within the second line width within the sudden change range, which improves the determination efficiency of the second line width.
在本发明一个实施例中，布置在PCB上的差分信号走线的阻抗值不仅与松耦合、紧耦合以及走线宽度有关，还与PCB的基础参数有关，其中，该基础参数包括下述参数中的至少一种：走线层与GND层之间的间距、PCB板材的DK指标值、走线上线宽度、走线下线宽度、PCB板的高度、绿油厚度和绿油的DK指标值。In one embodiment of the present invention, the impedance value of the differential signal traces arranged on the PCB is not only related to loose coupling, tight coupling and trace width, but also related to the basic parameters of the PCB, wherein the basic parameters include the following parameters At least one of: the spacing between the wiring layer and the GND layer, the DK index value of the PCB board, the online width of the wiring, the width of the offline wiring, the height of the PCB board, the thickness of the green oil, and the DK index value of the green oil .
上述实施例中，PCB在打板时其对应的基础参数一旦确定好则不再改变，那么松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗值由走线宽度来决定。In the above-mentioned embodiments, once the corresponding basic parameters of the PCB are determined, they will not change again when the PCB is laid out, and the impedance values of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part are determined by the trace width.
在本发明一个实施例中，为了快速确定出第二走线宽度，可以进一步包括：设置宽度阈值；In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to quickly determine the width of the second trace, it may further include: setting a width threshold;
所述根据所述第一走线宽度调整输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中的走线宽度值，包括：在所述第一走线宽度的基础上逐个增加所述宽度阈值，并将每增加一次所述宽度阈值时对应的当前走线宽度输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，直到确定出所述第二走线宽度。The adjusting the trace width value input to the impedance simulation software according to the first trace width includes: increasing the width threshold value one by one on the basis of the first trace width, and increasing each time The current trace width corresponding to the width threshold is input into the impedance simulation software until the second trace width is determined.
其中，宽度阈值设置的越小，确定出的第二走线宽度越准确，但确定第二走线宽度的效率越低，因此，可以采取一个中间值，以在保证准确率的基础上提高确定效率。Wherein, the smaller the width threshold is set, the more accurate the determined second trace width is, but the lower the efficiency of determining the second trace width is, therefore, an intermediate value can be adopted to improve the determination on the basis of ensuring the accuracy rate. efficiency.
例如，该宽度阈值为0.2mil。若第一走线宽度为5mil，可以先将5.2mil输入到阻抗仿真软件中，利用阻抗仿真软件计算当前阻抗值，并确定当前阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值是否位于所述突变范围内，若不在，则继续将5.4mil输入到阻抗仿真软件中，依次类推，直到确定出当前阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内时，将当前阻抗值确定为第二阻抗值。For example, the width threshold is 0.2mil. If the first trace width is 5mil, you can first input 5.2mil into the impedance simulation software, use the impedance simulation software to calculate the current impedance value, and determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the current impedance value and the first impedance value is within the If it is not within the mutation range, continue to input 5.4mil into the impedance simulation software, and so on, until it is determined that the absolute value of the difference between the current impedance value and the first impedance value is within the mutation range, the current impedance The value is determined as the second impedance value.
根据上述实施例，可以快速且准确的定位到第二阻抗值。According to the above embodiments, the second impedance value can be quickly and accurately located.
实施例二Embodiment two
下面以第一走线宽度为5mil为例，对本发明实施例进行进一步的描述。The embodiment of the present invention will be further described below by taking the width of the first trace as 5 mils as an example.
如图3所示，本发明实施例提供了一种基于SMA接口的PCB布线方法，该方法可以包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 3, the embodiment of the present invention provides a PCB wiring method based on the SMA interface, the method may include the following steps:
步骤301：设置差分信号走线中松耦合部分与紧耦合部分对应的突变范围。Step 301: Set the mutation range corresponding to the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part in the differential signal routing.
在电路板设计时，通常会设计上信号阻抗和插入损耗的Coupon，其中，Coupon是指在PCB板的周围做上带有接地点的差分走线测试条，以便监控PCB厂商打板后的信号质量，以及确认信号测试结果是否位于前期设计时预估的电气指标范围内。若测试结果超出预估的电气指标范围，需要查找问题原因并进行优化改进。When designing circuit boards, Coupons for signal impedance and insertion loss are usually designed. Among them, Coupons refer to the differential trace test strips with grounding points around the PCB board, so as to monitor the signal after the PCB manufacturer prints the board. Quality, and confirm whether the signal test results are within the range of electrical indicators estimated during the previous design. If the test result exceeds the estimated electrical index range, it is necessary to find out the cause of the problem and make optimization and improvement.
请参考图1中的PCB布线，若松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的走线宽度相同，例如，都是5mil，那么可以利用Coupon可以量测出松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗突变幅度较大，请参考图4，为松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的走线宽度相同时对应的阻抗值，根据图4可知，紧耦合部分对应的阻抗值为84.60欧，松耦合部分对应的阻抗值为97.71欧，请参考图5，为现有的差分信号走线对应的阻抗变化曲线，请参考图6，为现有的量测信号质量波形图；由图4、图5和图6可知，紧耦合部分与松耦合部分的突变幅度不小于3欧，如此会对量测信号质量造成影响。Please refer to the PCB layout in Figure 1. If the trace widths of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part are the same, for example, both are 5mil, then Coupon can be used to measure the impedance mutation range of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part. Please refer to Figure 4, which shows the corresponding impedance values when the trace widths of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part are the same. According to Figure 4, the corresponding impedance value of the tightly coupled part is 84.60 ohms, and the corresponding impedance value of the loosely coupled part is 97.71 ohms , please refer to Figure 5, which is the impedance change curve corresponding to the existing differential signal traces, please refer to Figure 6, which is the waveform diagram of the existing measurement signal quality; it can be seen from Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 that the tightly coupled part The mutation amplitude of the loosely coupled part is not less than 3 ohms, which will affect the quality of the measured signal.
因此，需要设置出紧耦合部分与松耦合部分的突变范围，该突变范围设置的越小，突变幅度则会越小，对量测信号质量造成的影响也就越小。Therefore, it is necessary to set the mutation range of the tightly coupled part and the loosely coupled part. The smaller the mutation range is set, the smaller the mutation range will be and the smaller the impact on the quality of the measured signal will be.
例如，该突变范围为0.5欧。For example, the mutation range is 0.5 ohms.
步骤302：确定差分信号走线在紧耦合部分的第一间距以及确定PCB板的基础参数。Step 302: Determine the first distance between the differential signal traces in the tightly coupled part and determine the basic parameters of the PCB.
其中，差分信号走线的间距Trace Separation(S1)其在紧耦合和松耦合时不同，例如，紧耦合部分的第一间距为7mil。Wherein, the spacing Trace Separation (S1) of the differential signal traces is different between tight coupling and loose coupling, for example, the first spacing of the tight coupling part is 7mil.
其中，该PCB在打板时其对应的基础参数一旦确定好则不再改变，那么松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗值由走线宽度来决定。Among them, once the corresponding basic parameters of the PCB are determined, they will not change. The impedance values of the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part are determined by the width of the trace.
该基础参数包括下述参数中的至少一种：走线层与GND层之间的间距Substrate1Height(H1)、PCB板材的DK指标值Substrate 1Dielecttric(Er1)、走线上线宽度UpperTrace Width(W2)、走线下线宽度Lower Trace Width(W2)、PCB板的高度Trace Thickness(T1)、绿油厚度Coating Above Sustrate(C1)、Coating Above Trace(C2)、CoatingBetween Traces(C3)和绿油的DK指标值Coating Dielcetric(CEr)。The basic parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the spacing Substrate1Height (H1) between the wiring layer and the GND layer, the DK index value Substrate 1Dielectric (Er1) of the PCB board, the wiring width UpperTrace Width (W2), Lower Trace Width(W2), PCB board height Trace Thickness(T1), green oil thickness Coating Above Sustrate(C1), Coating Above Trace(C2), CoatingBetween Traces(C3) and green oil DK indicators Value Coating Dielcetric (CEr).
本实施例中，基础参数同时包括上述所有参数，各个基础参数的值如图4所示。In this embodiment, the basic parameters include all the above-mentioned parameters at the same time, and the values of each basic parameter are shown in FIG. 4 .
步骤303：根据基础参数和紧耦合部分对应的第一走线宽度，计算紧耦合部分的第一阻抗值。Step 303: Calculate the first impedance value of the tightly coupled part according to the basic parameters and the first trace width corresponding to the tightly coupled part.
其中，紧耦合部分对应的第一走线宽度为5mil。Wherein, the first trace width corresponding to the tightly coupled part is 5mil.
那么将基础参数和第一走线宽度输入到仿真软件中，根据图4可知，紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值为84.60欧。Then input the basic parameters and the first trace width into the simulation software. According to Figure 4, it can be seen that the first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part is 84.60 ohms.
步骤304：确定所述差分信号走线在松耦合部分的第二间距。Step 304: Determine a second distance between the differential signal traces in the loosely coupled part.
由于在松耦合部分，两条走线是的走向相差180度，那么松耦合部分的第二间距很大，例如，为200mil。Since the directions of the two traces differ by 180 degrees in the loosely coupled part, the second spacing of the loosely coupled part is very large, for example, 200mil.
步骤305：根据第二间距、第一走线宽度和第一阻抗值，确定松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度，以使松耦合部分对应的第二阻抗值与所述第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内。Step 305: According to the second spacing, the first trace width and the first impedance value, determine the second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part, so that the distance between the second impedance value corresponding to the loosely coupled part and the first impedance value is The absolute value of the difference lies within the mutation range.
其中，在确定第二走线宽度时，可以手动的对各个走线宽度进行尝试，以将所需尝试的各个走线宽度输入到仿真软件中，在尝试过程中，可以根据仿真软件计算的松耦合部分的当前阻抗值进行输入走线宽度的调整。Wherein, when determining the second trace width, each trace width can be manually tried, so that each trace width to be tried can be input into the simulation software. The current impedance value of the coupling part is used to adjust the input trace width.
在确定第二走线宽度时，还可以通过计算机软件来实现：即预先设置宽度阈值，并在所述第一走线宽度的基础上逐个增加所述宽度阈值，并将每增加一次所述宽度阈值时对应的当前走线宽度输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，直到确定出所述第二走线宽度。When determining the second trace width, it can also be realized by computer software: that is, the width threshold is preset, and the width threshold is increased one by one on the basis of the first trace width, and each time the width is increased The current trace width corresponding to the threshold value is input into the impedance simulation software until the second trace width is determined.
其中，宽度阈值设置的越小，确定出的第二走线宽度越准确，但确定第二走线宽度的效率越低，因此，可以采取一个中间值，以在保证准确率的基础上提高确定效率。Wherein, the smaller the width threshold is set, the more accurate the determined second trace width is, but the lower the efficiency of determining the second trace width is, therefore, an intermediate value can be adopted to improve the determination on the basis of ensuring the accuracy rate. efficiency.
例如，该宽度阈值为0.2mil。若第一走线宽度为5mil，可以先将5.2mil输入到阻抗仿真软件中，利用阻抗仿真软件计算当前阻抗值，并确定当前阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值是否位于所述突变范围内，若不在，则继续将5.4mil输入到阻抗仿真软件中，依次类推，直到确定出当前阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内时，将当前阻抗值确定为第二阻抗值。其中，通过仿真软件可以计算出第二阻抗值为84.41欧。For example, the width threshold is 0.2mil. If the first trace width is 5mil, you can first input 5.2mil into the impedance simulation software, use the impedance simulation software to calculate the current impedance value, and determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the current impedance value and the first impedance value is within the If it is not within the mutation range, continue to input 5.4mil into the impedance simulation software, and so on, until it is determined that the absolute value of the difference between the current impedance value and the first impedance value is within the mutation range, the current impedance The value is determined as the second impedance value. Wherein, the second impedance value can be calculated to be 84.41 ohms through the simulation software.
通过计算机软件的方式实现可以快速且准确的定位到第二阻抗值。Realized by means of computer software, the second impedance value can be quickly and accurately located.
步骤306：根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第二走线宽度，将相应的差分信号走线布置在PCB上。Step 306: Arranging corresponding differential signal traces on the PCB according to the first trace width and the second trace width.
步骤307：对布置好的PCB进行进一步验证，在验证通过时，则根据该PCB上布置的差分信号走线进行批量生产。Step 307: Carry out further verification on the arranged PCB. When the verification is passed, mass production is carried out according to the differential signal traces arranged on the PCB.
请参考图7，为本实施例的差分信号走线对应的阻抗变化曲线，请参考图8，为本实施例的量测信号质量波形图。根据图7和图8可知，紧耦合部分与松耦合部分的突变幅度不大于0.5欧，且量测信号质量较好。Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is the impedance change curve corresponding to the differential signal traces in this embodiment, and please refer to FIG. 8 , which is a waveform diagram of the measured signal quality in this embodiment. According to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, it can be seen that the abrupt change amplitude of the tightly coupled part and the loosely coupled part is not greater than 0.5 ohms, and the quality of the measured signal is good.
实施例三Embodiment three
请参考图9，本发明实施例还提供了一种差分信号走线的线宽确定装置，包括：Please refer to FIG. 9, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a line width determination device for differential signal routing, including:
存储单元901，用于存储设置的突变范围；Storage unit 901, used to store the set mutation range;
第一确定单元902，用于确定紧耦合部分对应的第一走线宽度；The first determination unit 902 is configured to determine the first trace width corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
第二确定单元903，用于根据所述第一走线宽度确定紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；The second determination unit 903 is configured to determine a first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part according to the first trace width;
第三确定单元904，用于根据所述第一走线宽度和所述第一阻抗值，确定松耦合部分对应的第二走线宽度，以使松耦合部分对应的第二阻抗值与所述第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内。The third determination unit 904 is configured to determine the second trace width corresponding to the loosely coupled part according to the first trace width and the first impedance value, so that the second impedance value corresponding to the loosely coupled part is the same as the The absolute value of the difference between the first impedance values is within the mutation range.
在本发明一个实施例中，所述第二确定单元903，具体用于确定所述差分信号走线在紧耦合部分的第一间距以及确定PCB板的基础参数，将所述第一间距、所述基础参数和所述第一走线宽度输入到阻抗仿真软件中，以计算出紧耦合部分对应的第一阻抗值；In an embodiment of the present invention, the second determination unit 903 is specifically configured to determine the first spacing of the differential signal traces in the tightly coupled part and determine the basic parameters of the PCB board, and the first spacing, the The basic parameters and the first trace width are input into the impedance simulation software to calculate the first impedance value corresponding to the tightly coupled part;
所述第三确定单元904，具体用于确定所述差分信号走线在松耦合部分的第二间距，并所述第二间距和将所述基础参数输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，并根据所述第一走线宽度调整输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中的走线宽度值，以使所述阻抗仿真软件计算出的第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内，将满足第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内的走线宽度值确定为所述第二走线宽度。The third determination unit 904 is specifically configured to determine the second spacing of the differential signal traces in the loosely coupled part, and input the second spacing and the basic parameters into the impedance simulation software, and according to The first trace width adjusts the trace width value input into the impedance simulation software, so that the absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value calculated by the impedance simulation software and the first impedance value is located in the Within the sudden change range, a trace width value satisfying that the absolute value of the difference between the second impedance value and the first impedance value is within the sudden change range is determined as the second trace width.
在本发明一个实施例中，所述基础参数包括下述参数中的至少一种：走线层与GND层之间的间距、PCB板材的DK指标值、走线上线宽度、走线下线宽度、PCB板的高度、绿油厚度和绿油的DK指标值。In one embodiment of the present invention, the basic parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the distance between the wiring layer and the GND layer, the DK index value of the PCB board, the width of the line on the line, and the width of the line below the line , the height of the PCB board, the thickness of the green oil and the DK index value of the green oil.
在本发明一个实施例中，所述存储单元901，进一步用于存储设置的宽度阈值；In an embodiment of the present invention, the storage unit 901 is further used to store the set width threshold;
所述第三确定单元904，具体用于在所述第一走线宽度的基础上逐个增加所述宽度阈值，并将每增加一次所述宽度阈值时对应的当前走线宽度输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，直到确定出所述第二走线宽度。The third determining unit 904 is specifically configured to increase the width threshold one by one on the basis of the first trace width, and input the corresponding current trace width to the impedance every time the width threshold is increased simulation software until the second trace width is determined.
实施例四Embodiment Four
请参考图10，本发明实施例还提供了一种PCB，包括：差分信号走线和至少两个SMA接口，所述差分信号走线中每一条走线通过松耦合部分远离紧耦合部分的一端连接相应的一个SMA接口；其中，所述差分信号走线对应的紧耦合部分的线宽为第一走线宽度，所述差分信号走线对应的松耦合部分的线宽为第二走线宽度，所述第二走线宽度利用权利要求6-9中任一所述差分信号走线的线宽确定装置确定。Please refer to FIG. 10 , an embodiment of the present invention also provides a PCB, including: differential signal traces and at least two SMA interfaces, each trace in the differential signal traces is away from one end of the tightly coupled portion through the loosely coupled portion Connect a corresponding SMA interface; wherein, the line width of the tightly coupled part corresponding to the differential signal line is the first line width, and the line width of the loosely coupled part corresponding to the differential signal line is the second line width , the second trace width is determined by the device for determining the line width of any one of the differential signal traces in claims 6-9.
综上所述，本发明各个实施例至少可以实现如下有益效果：In summary, each embodiment of the present invention can at least achieve the following beneficial effects:
1、在本发明实施例中，通过对松耦合部分对应的差分信号走线的线宽进行调整，以使松耦合部分对应的差分信号走线与紧耦合部分对应的差分信号走线的阻抗值的差值绝对值位于设置的突变范围内，如此，可以降低松耦合部分与紧耦合部分的阻抗突变幅度，从而对量测信号质量进行优化。1. In the embodiment of the present invention, by adjusting the line width of the differential signal traces corresponding to the loosely coupled part, the impedance values of the differential signal traces corresponding to the loosely coupled part and the differential signal traces corresponding to the tightly coupled part The absolute value of the difference is within the set mutation range, so that the magnitude of the impedance mutation between the loosely coupled part and the tightly coupled part can be reduced, thereby optimizing the quality of the measured signal.
2、在本发明实施例中，利用仿真软件通过PCB板的基础参数和走线宽度可以计算出相应走线对应的阻抗值，从而可以快速确定出基础参数不变的情况下，满足第二阻抗值与第一阻抗值间差值的绝对值位于所述突变范围内的第二走线宽度，提高了第二走线宽度的确定效率。2. In the embodiment of the present invention, the impedance value corresponding to the corresponding trace can be calculated by using the simulation software through the basic parameters and trace width of the PCB board, so that it can be quickly determined that the second impedance is satisfied when the basic parameters remain unchanged. The second trace width whose absolute value of the difference between the value and the first impedance value is within the mutation range improves the determination efficiency of the second trace width.
3、在本发明实施例中，通过在所述第一走线宽度的基础上逐个增加所述宽度阈值，并将每增加一次所述宽度阈值时对应的当前走线宽度输入到所述阻抗仿真软件中，直到确定出所述第二走线宽度的方式，可以快速定位到第二走线宽度。3. In the embodiment of the present invention, the width threshold is increased one by one on the basis of the first trace width, and the corresponding current trace width is input to the impedance simulation every time the width threshold is increased In the software, until the second trace width is determined, the second trace width can be quickly located.
上述装置内的各单元之间的信息交互、执行过程等内容，由于与本发明方法实施例基于同一构思，具体内容可参见本发明方法实施例中的叙述，此处不再赘述。The information exchange and execution process among the units in the above-mentioned device are based on the same concept as the method embodiment of the present invention, and the specific content can refer to the description in the method embodiment of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个······”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同因素。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or sequence. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional same elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising said element.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储在计算机可读取的存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质中。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps to realize the above method embodiments can be completed by program instructions related hardware, and the aforementioned programs can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the It includes the steps of the above method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk and other various media that can store program codes.
最后需要说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均包含在本发明的保护范围内。Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611219287.2ACN106535470B (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | A kind of PCB layout method, line width determining device and PCB based on SMA interfaces |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611219287.2ACN106535470B (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | A kind of PCB layout method, line width determining device and PCB based on SMA interfaces |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106535470A CN106535470A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| CN106535470Btrue CN106535470B (en) | 2018-09-25 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611219287.2AActiveCN106535470B (en) | 2016-12-26 | 2016-12-26 | A kind of PCB layout method, line width determining device and PCB based on SMA interfaces |
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| CN (1) | CN106535470B (en) |
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