技术领域technical field
本发明涉及测量沉淀物渗透参数的技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于土壤、海水等测量技术领域的原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数的方法及实验装置。The invention relates to the technical field of measuring sediment permeability parameters, in particular to a method and an experimental device for in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficients suitable for soil, seawater and other measurement technology fields.
背景技术Background technique
渗透系数是土壤及海水的基本特性参数之一，目前，已有的渗透实验主要有室内试验和野外原位实验(又称之为现场实验)两种形式，室内主要有定水头/变水头实验、粒度分析法，野外原位实验主要有抽水实验、单环压渗仪、渗流仪、双环法等。显然地，室内实验不可避免地会扰动沉积物，测得的渗透系数是经压实或晃动后的沉积物的。而上述野外原位实验方法也存在诸多不足：钻井耗时耗力、抽水耗电、成本高、操作不便、读数误差较大等。The permeability coefficient is one of the basic characteristic parameters of soil and seawater. At present, the existing permeability experiments mainly include indoor experiments and field in-situ experiments (also called field experiments). Indoor experiments mainly include constant water head/variable water head experiments. , Particle size analysis method, field in situ experiments mainly include pumping test, single-ring piezometer, seepage meter, double-ring method, etc. Obviously, laboratory experiments will inevitably disturb the sediment, and the measured permeability coefficient is the sediment after compaction or sloshing. However, the above-mentioned field in-situ experiment method also has many shortcomings: drilling is time-consuming and labor-intensive, pumping water and power consumption, high cost, inconvenient operation, large reading error, etc.
因此，为提高渗透系数测量的准确性，需要不断改进和更新现有测量技术手段和测量方法。Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of permeability coefficient measurement, it is necessary to continuously improve and update existing measurement techniques and methods.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足提供一种用于气相包覆的装置，并同时提出了一种新的气相包覆方法，采用该装置和该方法能够实现快速、定量且高度安全可控的使用液相或气液复合前驱体的气相包覆。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device for gas phase coating in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, and propose a kind of new gas phase coating method at the same time, adopt this device and this method to be able to realize rapid, quantitative and highly safe and reliable Controlled gas-phase coating using liquid phase or gas-liquid composite precursors.
第一方面，本发明提供了一种原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数的实验装置，包括：蓄水竖管1、连接法兰4、密封垫5、钢纱网6以及沉积物容腔7；其中，所述蓄水竖管1，位于地表以上部分，用于实验时蓄水；所述连接法兰4，包括蓄水竖管法兰和沉积物容器法兰，用于连接所述蓄水竖管1和所述沉积物容腔7；所述密封垫5，位于两个所述连接法兰4之间，用于密封所述蓄水竖管1和所述沉积物容腔7的连接处，防止漏水；所述说沉积物容腔7，位于地表以下，用于渗透和排出实验段过水。In the first aspect, the present invention provides an experimental device for in-situ determination of the vertical permeability coefficient of sediments, comprising: a water storage standpipe 1, a connecting flange 4, a sealing gasket 5, a steel gauze 6 and a sediment chamber 7 ; Wherein, the water storage standpipe 1 is located above the ground surface and is used for water storage during experiments; the connecting flange 4 includes a water storage standpipe flange and a sediment container flange, and is used to connect the storage The water vertical pipe 1 and the sediment chamber 7; the sealing gasket 5 is located between the two connecting flanges 4, and is used to seal the water storage vertical pipe 1 and the sediment chamber 7 The connection is to prevent water leakage; the said sediment chamber 7 is located below the ground surface and is used for infiltration and discharge of the water in the experimental section.
优选地，所述实验装置还包括压力传感器2，位于与所述蓄水竖管1底部联通的传感器腔室内，用于记录实验过程中所述蓄水竖管1中水位随时间的变化。Preferably, the experimental device further includes a pressure sensor 2, which is located in a sensor chamber communicating with the bottom of the water storage vertical pipe 1, and is used to record the change of the water level in the water storage vertical pipe 1 with time during the experiment.
优选地，所述实验装置还包括阀门3，位于所述蓄水竖管1的底部，用于控制实验开始和结束。Preferably, the experimental device further includes a valve 3 located at the bottom of the water storage standpipe 1 for controlling the start and end of the experiment.
优选地，所述密封垫5共两个。Preferably, there are two sealing gaskets 5 in total.
进一步优选地，所述实验装置还包括所述钢纱网6，位于两个所述密封垫5的中间，用于缓冲水流。Further preferably, the experimental device further includes the steel gauze 6 located between the two sealing gaskets 5 for buffering water flow.
优选地，所述沉积物容腔7的底部边缘具有切削刃开口。Preferably, the bottom edge of the deposit chamber 7 has a cutting edge opening.
优选地，所述沉积物容腔7具有上下两段，上半段用于渗透实验过水部分；下半段设置有孔隙，用于排水。Preferably, the sediment chamber 7 has upper and lower sections, the upper half section is used for the water passing part of the infiltration experiment; the lower half section is provided with pores for drainage.
第二方面，本发明还提供了一种原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数的方法，包括以下步骤：In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficient, comprising the following steps:
S101，选择测点，将沉积物容腔垂直插入/楔入实验场地的沉积物中，直到沉积物容腔法兰与沉积物表面齐平；S101, selecting a measuring point, vertically inserting/wedging the sediment chamber into the sediment of the experimental site until the flange of the sediment chamber is flush with the surface of the sediment;
S102，在沉积物容腔法兰上依次叠加密封垫、钢纱网、密封垫，然后将蓄水竖管对准，用螺丝螺母紧固整套装置；S102, superimposing the sealing gasket, the steel gauze, and the sealing gasket in sequence on the flange of the sediment chamber, then aligning the water storage standpipe, and fastening the whole device with screws and nuts;
S103，设置压力传感器的预设启动时间和数据采样频率，首先，打开传感器腔室，将压力传感器放入传感器腔室内，然后，关闭蓄水竖管的阀门，并向其内加满水，最后关闭传感器腔室；S103, set the preset startup time and data sampling frequency of the pressure sensor. First, open the sensor chamber, put the pressure sensor into the sensor chamber, then close the valve of the water storage vertical pipe, and fill it with water, and finally close the sensor chamber;
S104，向蓄水竖管中加入原位水至预设高度；S104, adding in-situ water to the water storage standpipe to a preset height;
S105，根据压力传感器的预设启动时间，打开蓄水竖管阀门，开始试验，压力传感器根据预设数据采用频率记录蓄水竖管水位变化的时间序列数据，以及记录外围水位变化的时间序列数据；S105, according to the preset starting time of the pressure sensor, open the valve of the water storage standpipe to start the test, the pressure sensor adopts the frequency to record the time series data of the water level change of the water storage standpipe according to the preset data, and record the time series data of the peripheral water level change ;
S106，实验结束，将压力传感器中的数据导出，并根据所得数据，计算出实验场地原位沉积物的垂向渗透系数；S106, after the experiment is over, the data in the pressure sensor is exported, and according to the obtained data, the vertical permeability coefficient of the in-situ sediment at the experimental site is calculated;
S107，在同一位置重复实验S101-S106，再进行至少九组实验。S107, repeat experiments S101-S106 at the same position, and perform at least nine groups of experiments.
S108,剔除最大值及最小值，取上述实验的平均值，即得最终的沉积物垂向渗透系数。S108, remove the maximum value and the minimum value, and take the average value of the above experiments to obtain the final sediment vertical permeability coefficient.
优选地，当进行定水头实验时，根据如下公式计算出实验场地原位沉积物的垂向渗透系数：Preferably, when carrying out the constant water head experiment, the vertical permeability coefficient of the in-situ sediment at the experimental site is calculated according to the following formula:
其中，K为沉积物垂向渗透系数；HP为蓄水竖管水位高度；HT为海潮高度；LV为沉积物容腔工作段长度；Rd为蓄水竖管与沉积物容腔的直径比，即：dU蓄水竖管内径；dL沉积物容腔内径。Among them, K is the vertical permeability coefficient of the sediment; HP is the height of the water level of the storagestandpipe ; HT is the height of the sea tide; LV is the length of the working section of the sediment chamber; The diameter ratio of , that is:dU is the inner diameter of the water storage standpipe;dL is the inner diameter of the sediment chamber.
优选地，当进行变水头实验时，根据如下公式计算出实验场地原位沉积物的垂向渗透系数：Preferably, when carrying out the variable water head experiment, the vertical permeability coefficient of the in-situ sediment at the experimental site is calculated according to the following formula:
其中，K为沉积物垂向渗透系数；a，b均为常数；HP为任意时刻蓄水竖管水位高度；HT为海潮高度，HT(t)＝at+b；LV为沉积物容腔工作段长度；Rd为蓄水竖管与沉积物容腔的直径比，即：dU蓄水竖管内径；dL沉积物容腔内径。Among them, K is the vertical permeability coefficient of the sediment; a and b are both constants; HP is the water level height of the storage standpipe at any time; HT is the tide height, HT (t )=at+b; length of the working section of the sediment chamber; Rd is the diameter ratio of the water storage standpipe to the sediment chamber, namely:dU is the inner diameter of the water storage standpipe;dL is the inner diameter of the sediment chamber.
相对于现有技术，本发明的优点在于：(1)整套装置拆卸、运移、安装便捷。(2)原位实验，避免扰动沉积物，实验结果准确。(3)适用范围广：可测定渗透系数范围10-7-10-2m/s，粗砂到粉粘土均可用。(4)实验时间较短，1min<t<1h时间内即可完成。(5)不仅适用于外围定水头的情况；而且也适用于海岸带地区，外围水位随时间变动的情况(海潮)。(6)可根据沉积物渗透系数的大小(经验值)预先选择适当的竖管直径。当水头降低过快时，应选择较小的竖管直径，反之亦然。(7)实验采用压力传感器进行竖管水位和时间的记录，数据较肉眼读取更准确。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The whole set of devices is convenient to disassemble, move and install. (2) The in-situ experiment avoids disturbing the sediment, and the experimental results are accurate. (3) Wide application range: the range of permeability coefficient can be measured is 10-7 -10-2 m/s, and it can be used from coarse sand to silty clay. (4) The experiment time is short, and it can be completed within 1min<t<1h. (5) It is not only applicable to the situation of constant water head in the periphery; it is also applicable to the situation in the coastal zone where the peripheral water level changes with time (ocean tide). (6) The appropriate standpipe diameter can be pre-selected according to the size of the sediment permeability coefficient (empirical value). When the head drops too quickly, a smaller standpipe diameter should be selected and vice versa. (7) The pressure sensor was used in the experiment to record the water level and time of the standpipe, and the data is more accurate than the naked eye reading.
附图说明Description of drawings
以下，结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施方案，其中：Below, describe embodiment of the present invention in detail in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
图1为本发明实施例提供的原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数的实验装置立体示意图；Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional schematic view of the experimental device for in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficient provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数实验时的立体剖面图；Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional sectional view during the in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficient experiment provided by the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数流程示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficient provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面通过附图和具体的实施例，对本发明进行进一步的说明，但应当理解为这些实施例仅仅是用于更详细说明之用，而不应理解为用以任何形式限制本发明，即并不意于限制本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it should be understood that these embodiments are only used for more detailed description, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any form, that is, not intended To limit the protection scope of the present invention.
本部分对本发明实验中所使用到的材料以及试验方法进行一般性的描述。虽然为实现本发明目的所使用的许多材料和操作方法是本领域公知的，但是本发明仍然在此作尽可能详细描述。本领域技术人员清楚，在上下文中，如果未特别说明，本发明所用材料和操作方法是本领域公知的。This section generally describes the materials and test methods used in the experiments of the present invention. While many of the materials and methods of manipulation which are employed for the purposes of the invention are well known in the art, the invention has been described here in as much detail as possible. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, in the context and context, the materials used and methods of operation used in the present invention are known in the art unless otherwise indicated.
图1示出了本发明一实施例提供的原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数的实验装置立体示意图；图2为本发明一实施例提供的原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数实验时的立体剖面图。由图1和图2所示，该实验装置(又称为竖管实验装置)，包括：蓄水竖管(1)、连接法兰(4)、密封垫(5)、钢纱网(6)以及沉积物容腔(7)；其中，Fig. 1 shows the three-dimensional schematic view of the experimental device for in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficient provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional view of the in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficient experiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention Sectional view. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, this experimental device (also known as vertical pipe experimental device) comprises: water storage vertical pipe (1), connecting flange (4), gasket (5), steel gauze (6 ) and the sediment chamber (7); where,
蓄水竖管(1)，位于地表以上部分，用于实验时蓄水，其基准面为蓄水竖管(1)底端与连接法兰(4)的交界处。优选地，蓄水竖管(1)选择有机玻璃材质，直径介于0.01米-0.1米，根据实验场地的实际情况进行选择，即可根据沉积物渗透系数的大小(经验值)预先选择适当的竖管直径。当水头降低过快时，应选择较小的竖管直径，反之亦然。竖管优选为1.5米，为方便查看或记录管内水下降的情况，竖管外侧标注有刻度值。在一个示例中，在蓄水竖管(1)的底部还设置有阀门(3)，用于控制实验开始和结束，除此之外，阀门(3)还可以避免实验时向蓄水竖管(1)内注水时，过高的水流冲击沉积物，扰动孔隙结构影响渗透性。The water storage standpipe (1) is located at the part above the ground surface and is used for water storage during experiments, and its reference plane is the junction of the bottom end of the water storage standpipe (1) and the connecting flange (4). Preferably, the water storage standpipe (1) is made of plexiglass, with a diameter between 0.01 m and 0.1 m. It is selected according to the actual conditions of the experimental site, that is, an appropriate one can be pre-selected according to the size (empirical value) of the sediment permeability coefficient. Standpipe diameter. When the head drops too quickly, a smaller standpipe diameter should be selected and vice versa. The vertical pipe is preferably 1.5 meters. For the convenience of viewing or recording the water drop in the pipe, the outside of the vertical pipe is marked with a scale value. In one example, a valve (3) is also provided at the bottom of the water storage standpipe (1) to control the start and end of the experiment. In addition, the valve (3) can also prevent the water storage standpipe (1) During internal water injection, the high water flow impacts the sediment, disturbing the pore structure and affecting the permeability.
在另一个示例中，为方便实验过程中，蓄水竖管(1)内水位和实验时间记录的准确性，实验装置还包括压力传感器(2)，位于与所述蓄水竖管(1)底部联通的传感器腔室内，用于记录实验过程中所述蓄水竖管(1)中水位随时间的变化。应用传感器软件设置其预设启动时间和数据采集频率，若不具备传感器，以可直接读取蓄水竖管(1)外壁上标注的刻度值，并配合记录蓄水竖管(1)内水柱凹液面对应的刻度值。需要说明的是，实验之前，需要应用压力传感器(2)的软件设置压力传感器(2)的预设启动时间和数据采样频率。然后根据压力传感器预启动时刻，打开竖管阀门，开始实验，蓄水竖管(1)中的水位先快后慢地逐渐下降，不断补给沉积物孔隙水。压力传感器(2)可按照预定的时间间隔记录竖管水位变化的时间序列数据。同时，记录外围水位(如：海潮)变化的时间序列数据，为保证数据记录的准确性，可在竖管外围设置其他压力传感器，进行记录。In another example, in order to facilitate the experimental process, the water level in the water storage vertical pipe (1) and the accuracy of the experimental time record, the experimental device also includes a pressure sensor (2), which is located in the water storage vertical pipe (1) In the sensor chamber communicated at the bottom, it is used to record the change of the water level in the water storage standpipe (1) with time during the experiment. Use the sensor software to set its preset startup time and data collection frequency. If there is no sensor, you can directly read the scale value marked on the outer wall of the water storage vertical pipe (1), and cooperate with the recording of the water column in the water storage vertical pipe (1) The scale value corresponding to the meniscus. It should be noted that, before the experiment, the software of the pressure sensor (2) needs to be used to set the preset startup time and data sampling frequency of the pressure sensor (2). Then according to the pre-starting time of the pressure sensor, the standpipe valve is opened to start the experiment, and the water level in the water storage standpipe (1) drops gradually first and then slowly, continuously replenishing sediment pore water. The pressure sensor (2) can record the time series data of the water level change of the vertical pipe according to the predetermined time interval. At the same time, the time series data of changes in the peripheral water level (such as ocean tides) are recorded. In order to ensure the accuracy of data recording, other pressure sensors can be installed on the periphery of the standpipe for recording.
连接法兰(4)，包括蓄水竖管法兰和沉积物容器法兰，用于连接所述蓄水竖管(1)和所述沉积物容腔(7)，两个法兰与蓄水竖管(1)和沉积物容腔(7)中心轴线垂直，且法兰相对应位置有轴向排列的螺丝孔，可用螺丝螺母组合固定蓄水竖管(1)和沉积物容腔(7)两部分。The connecting flange (4), including the water storage vertical pipe flange and the sediment container flange, is used to connect the water storage vertical pipe (1) and the described sediment chamber (7). The water vertical pipe (1) is perpendicular to the central axis of the sediment chamber (7), and there are axially arranged screw holes in the corresponding position of the flange, and the water storage vertical pipe (1) and the sediment chamber ( 7) Two parts.
密封垫(5)，位于蓄水竖管(1)法兰和沉积物容腔(7)法兰之间，其为环形结构，同样排布有与法兰对应的螺丝孔，拧紧螺丝螺母后，可将整套竖管装置的连接处进行良好密封，，防止漏水影响实验数据准确性。为保证密封的良好性，密封垫(5)具有一点的弹塑性，优选为硅胶或橡胶材质。The sealing gasket (5) is located between the flange of the water storage standpipe (1) and the flange of the sediment chamber (7). It is an annular structure and is also arranged with screw holes corresponding to the flange. , can well seal the joints of the whole set of standpipe devices, and prevent water leakage from affecting the accuracy of experimental data. In order to ensure good sealing, the gasket (5) has a little elasticity and is preferably made of silica gel or rubber.
在又一个示例中，密封垫(5)共两个。为缓冲水流，起到避免水流过快，冲击沉积物扰动孔隙结构的作用，实验装置还包括钢纱网(6)，位于两个密封垫(5)的中间，除具有缓冲水流作用之外，还可以避免水中的异物堵塞沉积物表层。In yet another example, there are two sealing gaskets (5). In order to buffer the water flow and prevent the water flow from being too fast and impacting the sediment to disturb the pore structure, the experimental device also includes a steel gauze (6), which is located in the middle of the two sealing pads (5). In addition to the function of buffering the water flow, It also prevents foreign matter in the water from clogging the sediment surface.
沉积物容腔(7)，位于地表以下，分为上下两段，上半段为渗流工作部分，用于渗透实验过水部分，下半段设置有均匀孔隙，其作为为排除实验过水，并增加安装竖管实验装置的稳定性，在一个示例中，为方便竖管实验装置的安装，所述沉积物容腔(7)的底部边缘具有切削刃开口。The sediment chamber (7), located below the surface, is divided into upper and lower sections. The upper half is the seepage working part, which is used for the water passing part of the infiltration experiment. And to increase the stability of installing the vertical pipe test device, in one example, in order to facilitate the installation of the vertical pipe test device, the bottom edge of the sediment chamber (7) has a cutting edge opening.
需要说明的是，优选地，沉积物容腔(7)为有机玻璃材质，其直径优选为0.1米，一般情况下选择大于蓄水竖管(1)的直径，考虑到实验操作的便捷性，蓄水竖管(1)与沉积物容腔(7)的直径比以0.1至1.0直径为宜。沉积物容腔(7)的长度优选为0.4米，均分为上下两段，上段0.2米为渗流工作部分，下段0.2米均布有2毫米直径的孔隙，共有20行，36列，整个沉积物容腔(7)与周围沉积物相连通，起到排水、稳定实验装置的作用。It should be noted that, preferably, the sediment chamber (7) is made of plexiglass, and its diameter is preferably 0.1 meter. Generally, it is selected to be larger than the diameter of the water storage standpipe (1). Considering the convenience of the experimental operation, The diameter ratio of the water storage standpipe (1) to the sediment chamber (7) is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 diameter. The length of the sediment chamber (7) is preferably 0.4 meters, which is equally divided into upper and lower sections, the upper section 0.2 meters is the seepage working part, and the lower section 0.2 meters is evenly distributed with pores with a diameter of 2 mm. There are 20 rows and 36 columns. The material holding chamber (7) communicates with the surrounding sediments to play the role of draining water and stabilizing the experimental device.
需要说明的是，在实际实验过程中，当选择的实验场地的沉积物较松软时，将沉积物容腔垂直插/楔入实验场地(如海滩、河滩、湖心等)；当沉积物较密实时，配合周围挖掘环形沟槽(如：深0.22米)，有助于沉积物容腔逐渐向下插入，直到容腔法兰平面与沉积物表面相平齐为止。另外，环形沟槽可保证蓄水竖管中的水与海水直接相通，使容腔底部的水头与周围水位(如：海潮)保持一致。It should be noted that, in the actual experiment process, when the sediment in the selected experimental site is relatively soft, insert/wedge the sediment chamber vertically into the experimental site (such as beach, river beach, lake center, etc.); When compacting, excavating an annular groove (such as: 0.22 meters deep) around it will help the sediment chamber to be gradually inserted downward until the flange plane of the chamber is flush with the sediment surface. In addition, the annular groove can ensure that the water in the water storage standpipe communicates directly with the sea water, so that the water head at the bottom of the chamber is consistent with the surrounding water level (such as sea tide).
本发明实施例提供的竖管实验装置拆卸、运移、安装简单；操作方便、可直接在现场进行原位实验、能快速、准确测定沉积物垂向渗透系数；不但粗砂到粉粘土均可用，且测定渗透系数范围广：10-7-10-2m/s；除此之外，该实验装置适用范围广：不仅适用于外围定水头的情况；而且也适用于海岸带地区，外围水位随时间变动的情况。The standpipe experimental device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is simple to disassemble, move, and install; it is easy to operate, can directly conduct in-situ experiments on site, and can quickly and accurately measure the vertical permeability coefficient of sediments; it can be used not only for coarse sand but also for silty clay , and the measured permeability coefficient range is wide: 10-7 -10-2 m/s; in addition, the experimental device has a wide range of applications: not only for the situation of constant water head in the periphery; but also for coastal areas, the peripheral water level changes over time.
图3为本发明实施例提供的原位测定沉积物垂向渗透系数流程示意图。如图3所示，以测定海滩沉积物垂向渗透系数为例，应用本发明提供的实验装置，进行沉积物垂向渗透系数测定的方法包括以下步骤：Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the in-situ determination of sediment vertical permeability coefficient provided by the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, taking the measurement of beach sediment vertical permeability coefficient as an example, using the experimental device provided by the present invention, the method for carrying out sediment vertical permeability coefficient measurement comprises the following steps:
S101，选择测点，将沉积物容腔垂直插入/楔入实验场地的沉积物中，直到沉积物容腔法兰与沉积物表面齐平。S101. Select a measuring point, and vertically insert/wedge the sediment container into the sediment in the experimental site until the flange of the sediment container is flush with the surface of the sediment.
具体地，选择较为平整未被扰动的实验场地，并根据对海滩沉积物渗透系数的经验估计，选择合适的蓄水竖管直径。如果水位降低过慢，可改用较小直径的竖管。反之亦然。考虑实验操作的便捷性，蓄水竖管与沉积物容腔的直径比以0.1至1.0之间为宜。Specifically, a relatively flat and undisturbed experimental site was selected, and an appropriate diameter of the storage standpipe was selected based on the empirical estimation of the permeability coefficient of beach sediments. If the water level drops too slowly, a smaller diameter standpipe can be used instead. vice versa. Considering the convenience of the experimental operation, the diameter ratio of the water storage standpipe to the sediment chamber is preferably between 0.1 and 1.0.
当沉积物较松软时，将沉积物容腔垂直插/楔入实验场地；当沉积物较密实时，配合周围挖掘环形沟槽(如：深0.22米)，有助于沉积物容腔逐渐向下插入，直到容腔法兰平面与沉积物表面相平齐为止。另外，环形沟槽可保证蓄水竖管中的水与海水直接相通，使容腔底部的水头与周围水位(如：海潮)保持一致。When the sediment is soft, vertically insert/wedge the sediment chamber into the experimental site; Insert down until the face of the chamber flange is flush with the surface of the deposit. In addition, the annular groove can ensure that the water in the water storage standpipe communicates directly with the sea water, so that the water head at the bottom of the chamber is consistent with the surrounding water level (such as sea tide).
S102，在沉积物容腔法兰上依次叠加密封垫、钢纱网、密封垫，然后将蓄水竖管对准，用螺丝螺母紧固整套装置。S102, stacking the sealing gasket, the steel gauze, and the sealing gasket in sequence on the flange of the sediment chamber, then aligning the water storage standpipe, and fastening the whole set of devices with screws and nuts.
S103，设置压力传感器的预设启动时间和数据采样频率，首先，打开传感器腔室，将压力传感器放入传感器腔室内，然后，关闭蓄水竖管的阀门，并向其内加满水，最后关闭传感器腔室。S103, set the preset startup time and data sampling frequency of the pressure sensor. First, open the sensor chamber, put the pressure sensor into the sensor chamber, then close the valve of the water storage vertical pipe, and fill it with water, and finally Close the sensor chamber.
S104，向蓄水竖管中加入原位水至预设高度。S104, adding in-situ water to the water storage standpipe to a preset height.
具体地，向蓄水竖管中灌入清洁原位水至一定高度，应与外围水位相差尽可能地大，起始水头差以1.2米左右为宜；初始水柱高度以开启阀门后水位下降速度不过快为宜，整个实验时间最好保持在60至3600秒之间。整个实验过程水头降低以0.2至1.2米为宜。Specifically, pour clean in-situ water into the water storage standpipe to a certain height, and the difference from the peripheral water level should be as large as possible. The initial water head difference should be about 1.2 meters; However, it is better to be fast, and it is best to keep the entire experiment time between 60 and 3600 seconds. It is advisable to reduce the water head by 0.2 to 1.2 meters during the whole experiment.
需要说明的是，围定水头实验时，向环形沟槽内灌入原位水，使沉积物容腔周围保持一定水头，并记录下外围水位，此时采用外围定水头情况下的公式计算；当受到海潮影响，或原位渗透性好，沟槽水位变化(降低)较快时，采用外围变水头情况下的公式计算。It should be noted that, during the experiment of fixed water head, in-situ water was poured into the annular groove to keep a certain water head around the sediment cavity, and the peripheral water level was recorded. At this time, the formula for the peripheral constant water head was used for calculation; When affected by the tide, or the in-situ permeability is good, and the water level of the trench changes (decreases) quickly, the formula for the case of peripheral variable water head is used for calculation.
S105，根据压力传感器的预设启动时间，打开蓄水竖管阀门，开始试验，压力传感器根据预设数据采用频率记录蓄水竖管水位变化的时间序列数据，以及记录外围水位变化的时间序列数据。S105, according to the preset starting time of the pressure sensor, open the valve of the water storage standpipe to start the test, the pressure sensor adopts the frequency to record the time series data of the water level change of the water storage standpipe according to the preset data, and record the time series data of the peripheral water level change .
具体地，根据压力传感器预启动时刻，打开竖管阀门，开始实验，蓄水竖管中的水位先快后慢地逐渐下降，不断补给沉积物孔隙水。压力传感器可按照预定的时间间隔记录竖管水位变化的时间序列数据。同时，记录外围水位(如：海潮)变化的时间序列数据，为保证数据记录的准确性，可在竖管外围设置其他压力传感器，进行记录。Specifically, according to the pre-starting time of the pressure sensor, the valve of the standpipe was opened to start the experiment, and the water level in the storage standpipe gradually decreased firstly and then slowly, continuously replenishing sediment pore water. The pressure sensor can record the time-series data of the water level change in the standpipe at predetermined time intervals. At the same time, the time series data of changes in the peripheral water level (such as ocean tides) are recorded. In order to ensure the accuracy of data recording, other pressure sensors can be installed on the periphery of the standpipe for recording.
S106，实验结束，将压力传感器中的数据导出，并根据所得数据，计算出实验场地原位沉积物的垂向渗透系数。S106, the experiment is over, the data in the pressure sensor is exported, and according to the obtained data, the vertical permeability coefficient of the in-situ sediment in the experimental site is calculated.
具体地，每组实验结束，打开传感器腔室顶盖，取出压力传感器，导出蓄水竖管水位随时间变化的实验数据，并停止传感器工作。结合外围水位定水头或水位变化的时间序列数据，代入公式(4-6)，利用最小二乘法，求得不同组次实验场地原位沉积物的垂向渗透系数。Specifically, at the end of each group of experiments, the top cover of the sensor chamber is opened, the pressure sensor is taken out, the experimental data of the water level of the water storage standpipe changing with time is derived, and the sensor is stopped. Combined with the time series data of peripheral water level fixed water head or water level change, substituted into the formula (4-6), and used the least square method to obtain the vertical permeability coefficient of in-situ sediments in different groups of experimental sites.
有关公式推导如下：The relevant formula is derived as follows:
蓄水竖管中水体积的减少量：Reduction in volume of water in storage standpipe:
沉积物容腔中水体积通过量：(时间间隔为[t,t+Δt])Water volume throughput in the sediment chamber: (time interval is [t,t+Δt])
由质量守恒定律：ΔVP＝ΔVL，有According to the law of conservation of mass: ΔVP ＝ ΔVL , we have
得到外围水头线性变化情况下，任意时刻蓄水竖管水位的公式：The formula for the water level of the storage standpipe at any time is obtained under the condition of linear change of the peripheral water head:
当外围水头保持一定时(a＝0，b＝0)，上式化简得到外围定水头情况下的公式：When the peripheral water head remains constant (a=0, b=0), the above formula is simplified to obtain the formula in the case of peripheral constant water head:
对于(3)式有，沉积物垂向渗透系数：For formula (3), the sediment vertical permeability coefficient is:
物理量：Physical quantity:
K为沉积物垂向渗透系数；dU为蓄水竖管内径；dL为沉积物容腔内径；K is the vertical permeability coefficient of the sediment; dU is the inner diameter of the water storage standpipe; dL is the inner diameter of the sediment cavity;
HP为蓄水竖管水位高度；初始水头高度(t＝0)：HP(0)＝h0；HP is the water level height of the water storage standpipe; initial water head height (t=0): HP (0) = h0 ;
HT为海潮高度，由于实验观测时间较短，海潮被近似于线性变化，且计算精度足够；即：HT(t)＝at+b，其中a和b为常数；HT is the height of the sea tide. Due to the short experimental observation time, the sea tide is approximated to a linear change, and the calculation accuracy is sufficient; that is: HT (t)=at+b, where a and b are constants;
LV为沉积物容腔工作段长度，定值0.2m；LV is the length of the working section of the sediment chamber, with a fixed value of 0.2m;
Rd为蓄水竖管与沉积物容腔的直径比；即：Rd is the diameter ratio of the water storage standpipe to the sediment chamber; that is:
当进行定水头实验时，根据(5)和(6)的公式计算出实验场地原位沉积物的垂向渗透系数。When carrying out the constant water head experiment, the vertical permeability coefficient of the in-situ sediment in the experimental site is calculated according to the formulas (5) and (6).
当进行变水头实验时，根据(4)和(6)公式计算出实验场地原位沉积物的垂向渗透系数。When carrying out the variable water head experiment, the vertical permeability coefficient of the in-situ sediment in the experimental site is calculated according to the formulas (4) and (6).
S107，在同一位置重复实验S101-S106，再进行至少九组实验。S107, repeat experiments S101-S106 at the same position, and perform at least nine groups of experiments.
为减小偶然误差，在同一位置如此反复操作步骤S101-S106，实验次数以不低于10次为宜。In order to reduce accidental errors, repeat steps S101-S106 at the same position, and the number of experiments should not be less than 10 times.
S108,剔除最大值及最小值，取上述实验的平均值，即得最终的沉积物垂向渗透系数。S108, remove the maximum value and the minimum value, and take the average value of the above experiments to obtain the final sediment vertical permeability coefficient.
实验完毕，将蓄水竖管与沉积物容腔拆开，把沉积物容腔从泥土中轻轻拔出，回填沟槽；清洗干净装置的各组成部分，擦干后收好备用。After the experiment, the water storage standpipe and the sediment chamber were disassembled, the sediment chamber was gently pulled out from the soil, and the trench was backfilled; all components of the device were cleaned, dried and put away for later use.
相对于现有技术，采用本发明中的实验装置进行渗透系数的测定，适用范围广，装置安装简单、操作方便、可直接在现场进行原位实验、能快速、准确测量沉积物垂向渗透系数。Compared with the prior art, the experimental device of the present invention is used to measure the permeability coefficient, which has a wide range of applications, simple installation, convenient operation, in-situ experiments can be carried out directly on the spot, and the vertical permeability coefficient of sediments can be measured quickly and accurately. .
尽管本发明已进行了一定程度的描述，明显地，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的条件下，可进行各个条件的适当变化。可以理解，本发明不限于所述实施方案，而归于权利要求的范围，其包括所述每个因素的等同替换。While the invention has been described to a certain extent, it will be obvious that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but rather falls within the scope of the claims, which include equivalents to each of the elements described.
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Protection scope, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN201610944477.4ACN106525682B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | A kind of method and experimental provision of in-site detecting deposit vertical hydraulic conductivity |
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| CN201610944477.4ACN106525682B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | A kind of method and experimental provision of in-site detecting deposit vertical hydraulic conductivity |
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