A kind of alkaline land modifying agent and preparation method thereofTechnical field
The present invention relates to fertilizer field, more particularly to a kind of alkaline land modifying agent and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Alkaline land modifying agent nutrient comprehensively, can improved soil, improve the soil compaction caused using chemical fertilizer.ImproveSoil physical and chemical property, strengthens soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer.Beneficial microbe in alkaline land modifying agent enters soilForm mutual symbiosis Relationship With Proliferation afterwards with Soil Microorganism, suppress harmful bacteria growing and be converted into beneficial bacterium, phase interactionWith, to mutually promote, play the synergy of colony, beneficial bacterium produces substantial amounts of metabolite during growth and breeding, promotesThe decomposition and inversion of organic matter, directly or indirectly can provide various nutrition and pungent for crop, promote and regulate and control crop lifeIt is long.Soil porosity, penetrating exchangeability and plant survival rate is improved, increases beneficial bacterium and edaphon.Meanwhile, in cropThe advantage profitable strain of root growth can suppress harmful pathogen procreation, strengthen the degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases of crop, reduce continuous cropping cropDisease index, year after year apply can alleviate significantly continuous cropping obstacle.Environmental pollution is reduced, to people, animal, Environmental security, nontoxic, is onePlant environment-friendly type fertilizer.
Alkaline land modifying agent is, according to rhizosphere soil microecology and plant battalion physiological principle, to be lived with multifunctional microbialProperty bacterium (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, B. mucilaginocus) be core, with fertilizer type organic matter as carrier, then be equipped with a small amount of inorganic supportPoint and trace element process with pollution-free, nuisanceless, be suitable to produce the new-type fertilizer of pollution-free food.This new fertilizerMaterial can draw to crop rhizosphere soils and be implanted with beneficial microorganism dominant group, reach infertile field strong sprout, growth-promoting to crops fertilizer againDiseases prevention and the purpose of good quality and high output.According to the requirement of Ministry of Agriculture's alkaline land modifying agent professional standard (NY/T798-2004), effectivelyNumber of viable have to be larger than 2,000 ten thousand/gram, total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) and have to be larger than 6%.Ensure high number of viable,The support material for accounting for product formula ratio 70%-80% is the principal element for affecting number of viable.Produce in the market saline and alkalineGround modifying agent product mainly has following problem：
1st, it is main by the use of turf or humic acid as organic carrier.Contain substantial amounts of organic matter, C/N in turf and humic acidThan meeting the life condition of microorganism, the number of viable of microorganism is ensure that.But turf and humic acid belong to mineral matter, by stateThe restriction of family's resource, a large amount of exploitations can destroy ecology, and apply in soil it is difficult to dissolve, organic matter therein and humic acid are veryDifficult to be affected fertilizer efficiency by crop utilization, while the price of turf and humic acid also goes up year by year, the production cost of product is also year by yearImprove.
2nd, product forms are mainly based on powdery.Drying due to containing viable bacteria in alkaline land modifying agent, in granulation processNumber of viable is had a great impact, and as turf and humic acid belong to mineral state Organic Ingredients, after granulation, is more difficult to dissolving,Grain affects the quality and effect of product.But northern many place arable lands belong to machine sowing, and powder product cannot be used, so not particleChange, directly influence using in a large number and promoting for product.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of life of the particle alkaline land modifying agent for not affecting biologically activeProduct method, while providing a kind of new raw material for producing alkaline land modifying agent of safety and environmental protection, it is saline and alkaline that the method is producedGround modifying agent product quality can reach《Composite microbe fertilizer》Agriculture standard (NY/T798-2004), and dissolubility is good.
The technical scheme is that a kind of alkaline land modifying agent is characterized in that, it by 25%～35wt% of vegetable garden soil,Active function 5%～10wt% of bacterium, 25%～30wt% of 5%～15wt% of mineral powder and fertilizer, inorganic composite fertilizer 15%～20wt% water is prepared from, and each component sum is 100%, and active function bacterium bag includes bacillus subtilis：Bacillus licheniformis：Colloid bacillus cereus, mineral powder are turf, zeolite, vermiculite, montmorillonite, calcium carbonate, the one kind in expanded perlite or one kindMore than mixture, fineness≤200 mesh of mineral powder, the fertilizer contain become thoroughly decomposed muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer, stalk, instituteThe weight ratio for stating muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer and stalk is 5.5～7.5: 2.5～3.5: 0.5～1.5；The inorganic composite fertilizer componentContaining 10～20wt% of urea, 10～15wt% of calcium superphosphate, 25～30wt% of potassium sulfate, 25～30wt% of potassium nitrate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate10～15wt% of ammonium, 10～20wt% of humic acid, each component sum are 100%.
The preparation method of the alkaline land modifying agent, it is characterised in that：Raw material is stirred by material-water ratio 100: 35, soAfter play heap, allow raw material to be saturated with moisture；Wherein each component ratio is 25%～35wt% of vegetable garden soil, 5%～15wt% of mineral powder25%～30wt% is combined with fertilizer, inorganic composite fertilizer combines 15%～20wt%, meanwhile, solid spawn is added water and is stirred intoPasty state simultaneously activates 3～4h, the bacterial classification of activation is added in raw material, and turning is mixed thoroughly repeatedly, stacks and cover plastic sheeting, in materialWhen heap temperature is up to 50 DEG C, that is, first time turning is carried out, ferment 10～12d, ferments 10～12d days later turning every 3d onceAfterwards, the active function bacterium bacterium powder of fertilizer composition weight 4%～6% that will be equivalent to become thoroughly decomposed is added to the fertilizer component become thoroughly decomposedIn proceed solid fermentation, after mixing, add equivalent to the fertilizer composition weight 0.5%～1% become thoroughly decomposed borax,0.2%～0.5% ammonium molybdate, adjust water content to 32-38wt%, carry out secondary compost fermentation, when temperature reach 50 DEG C withOn, starting turning, turning is daily 2～3 times, until temperature is down to 40 DEG C, stops turning, proceeds to after-ripening groove after-ripening 3～5 days,Then granulated using biological organic fertilizer special low temperature comminutor, then carried out negative pressure drying, after cooling sieve take particle diameter 1mm～The particle of 4.75mm, sends into feed bin mixing, obtains final product alkaline land modifying agent.
Preferably, the preparation process of the solid spawn is：By lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, woodMould, aspergillus niger, monascus, trichoderma harzianum, microorganism Aspergillus aculeatus and yeast are individually fermented respectively using industrial fermentation tank, operationStep and process conditions are：
A. the preparation of basal medium：Soybean with water boils 30min, is settled to after filtration；
B. bacillus subtilis：Bacillus licheniformis：It is prepared by colloid bacillus cereus culture medium：Beef extract 1g, peptone 2g,Sodium chloride 1g, glucose 3g, basal medium 200mL, pH 7.5, after the completion of prepared by culture medium, autoclave sterilization 30min, coolingAfter access corresponding bacterial classification, the flat bottle that will be equipped with culture medium before inoculation sterilizes 30 minutes under the conditions of 121 DEG C, 28～35 after inoculation30～48h is cultivated under the conditions of DEG C, spore liquid is made into, and is inoculated with for seeding tank with the inoculum concentration of percent by volume 5%；
C. seeding tank fermentation：First first class seed pot is sterilized, is sterilized after loading seeding tank fermentation medium again, is cooled to 30DEG C, spore liquid is accessed in nutrient solution, after fermentation tank inoculation, is cultivated 36～48 hours under the conditions of 28～35 DEG C, throughput 1～2Vols/vol min, oxygen content 30～40%；, obtain first class seed pot zymocyte liquid；Secondary seed tank is gone out at 121 DEG CBacterium 30min, sterilizes after loading culture medium again, is cooled to 30 DEG C, and first class seed pot zymotic fluid is pressed percent by volume 5%～8%Inoculum concentration accesses secondary seed tank, is passed through filtrated air and stirring is cultivated, obtain secondary seed tank zymocyte liquid；Zymotic fluid containsPer milliliter of brood cell's number living puts tank up to more than 5,000,000,000 when brood cell's ratio is up to more than 95%, pH value 7.0-8.0, without living contaminants.
Preferably, the seeding tank fermentation medium component is：10%～15wt% of rice bran, 25%～35wt% of soya bean,20%～30wt% of white sugar, 15%～20wt% of fish meal, 5%～10wt% of urea, 5%～10wt% of trace element, dusty yeast15%～25wt%, 2%～5wt% of mannitol, 1%～6wt% of K2HPO4, KH2PO41%～6wt%, MgSO4 7H2O1～6wt% and water, each component sum are 100%.
Preferably, the preparation of fertilizer combination：By cicken feces dried, rape cake, stalk after screening, crushing, by weightThan 6:3:1 ratio is well mixed, and proceeds to large-sized solid compost groove, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20～30, adjust water content to50wt%, adds convention amount organic matter decomposing inoculant, carries out compost, when heap temperature reaches more than 50 DEG C, starts turning ventilation, turns overHeap is daily 2-3 time, when temperature is down to below 30 DEG C, stops turning, obtains the fertilizer combination become thoroughly decomposed.
This technology improves salt-soda soil cardinal principle.1. microbial activity improves saline-alkali soil, promotes soil fertilizer water conservation, experimentData water saving 30%, improves soil and fertilizer utilization rate 70%.2. microbial manure pH value 6.5 or so, microbial activities hasMachine acid also can sweetening of the soil pH value, especially flora plant rhizosphere dominant growth make plant rhizosphere environmental pH significantly lower than aroundSoil.3. function bacterium activity produces a large amount of metabolic derivatives, can effectively replace the refractory element of saline-alkali soil solidification, for plant absorptionUtilize.Such as oxidoreducing enzyme, metalloproteinases, azotase, soil salt content can be effectively reduced, its transformation efficiency is far above chemistryCatalyst.4. microbial manure contains a large amount of organic matters, and its physical property contains substantial amounts of in improving saline-alkali soil, particularly turfOrganic matter, the content of organic matter are high, and humic acid enriches, and again containing materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, change after administrationKind soil texture, especially the formation to aggregate and has stably played decisive role.Increase soil permeability, accelerate to drench salt sinkingMake topsoil desalination.5. function bacterium generation polysaccharide, colloid promote soil aggregate to generate so that loosing soil, cut off soil capillarityCapillary pore, increases non-capillary pore gap, prevents to return on saline and alkaline, and overcoming has water desalination, the poor circulation of the anhydrous accumulation of salt in the surface soil, desalination effectRate is high.6. function bacterium derivative fixed nitrogen phosphorus decomposing potassium fertilizer rate is high, such as the lactic acid of generation, oxalic acid, citric acid etc., accelerates slightly solubilityThe dissolving and release of phosphate and solidification potassium, increases available phosphorus and potassium content in soil, for plant absorption, while reducing soil saltBasicity.7. function bacterium is screened from soil, with plant symbiosis advantage, can growth-promoting well developed root system robust plant, adapt toThe unfavorable growing environment of saline-alkali soil.8. function bacterium promotes the high 9. function bacterium of saline-alkali soil emergence rate to promote saline-alkali soil survival rate of seedlings high.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Alkaline land modifying agent, it is prepared by vegetable garden soil, active function bacterium, mineral powder and fertilizer, inorganic composite fertilizer, waterForm, wherein vegetable garden soil 25wt%, active function bacterium 5wt%, mineral powder 5wt% and fertilizer 25wt%, inorganic composite fertilizer20wt% water 20wt% are prepared from, and active function bacterium bag includes bacillus licheniformis：Colloid bacillus cereus are 5:2:3 ratios are mixedClose；The complex micro organism fungicide, mineral powder be turf, zeolite, vermiculite, montmorillonite, calcium carbonate, in expanded perlite oneKind or more than one mixture, fineness≤200 mesh of mineral powder, the fertilizer contain become thoroughly decomposed muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer,Stalk, the weight ratio of the muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer and stalk is 5.5: 2.5: 0.5；The inorganic composite fertilizer component contains urea 10～20wt%, 10～15wt% of calcium superphosphate, 25～30wt% of potassium sulfate, 25～30wt% of potassium nitrate, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10～15wt%, 10～20wt% of humic acid, each component sum are 100%.
The preparation method of the alkaline land modifying agent, it is characterised in that：Raw material is stirred by material-water ratio 100: 35, soAfter play heap, allow raw material to be saturated with moisture；Wherein each component ratio is 25%～35wt% of vegetable garden soil, 5%～15wt% of mineral powder25%～30wt% is combined with fertilizer, inorganic composite fertilizer combines 15%～20wt%, meanwhile, solid spawn is added water and is stirred intoPasty state simultaneously activates 3～4h, the bacterial classification of activation is added in raw material, and turning is mixed thoroughly repeatedly, stacks and cover plastic sheeting, in materialWhen heap temperature is up to 50 DEG C, that is, first time turning is carried out, ferment 10～12d, ferments 10～12d days later turning every 3d onceAfterwards, the active function bacterium bacterium powder of fertilizer composition weight 4%～6% that will be equivalent to become thoroughly decomposed is added to the fertilizer component become thoroughly decomposedIn proceed solid fermentation, after mixing, add equivalent to the fertilizer composition weight 0.5%～1% become thoroughly decomposed borax,0.2%～0.5% ammonium molybdate, adjust water content to 32-38wt%, carry out secondary compost fermentation, when temperature reach 50 DEG C withOn, starting turning, turning is daily 2～3 times, until temperature is down to 40 DEG C, stops turning, proceeds to after-ripening groove after-ripening 3～5 days,Then granulated using biological organic fertilizer special low temperature comminutor, then carried out negative pressure drying, after cooling sieve take particle diameter 1mm～The particle of 4.75mm, sends into feed bin mixing, obtains final product alkaline land modifying agent.
Preferably, the preparation process of the solid spawn is：By bacillus licheniformis：Colloid bacillus cereus are 5:2:3 ratiosExample mixing；The complex micro organism fungicide is individually fermented respectively using industrial fermentation tank, and operating procedure and process conditions are：
D. the preparation of basal medium：Soybean with water boils 30min, is settled to after filtration；
E. prepared by lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus megaterium culture medium：Beef extract 1g, albumenPeptone 2g, sodium chloride 1g, glucose 3g, basal medium 200mL, pH 7.5, after the completion of prepared by culture medium, autoclave sterilization 30min,Corresponding bacterial classification is accessed after cooling, and the flat bottle that will be equipped with culture medium before inoculation sterilizes 30 minutes under the conditions of 121 DEG C, 28 after inoculation30～48h is cultivated under the conditions of～35 DEG C, spore liquid is made into, and is inoculated with for seeding tank with the inoculum concentration of percent by volume 5%；
F. seeding tank fermentation：First first class seed pot is sterilized, is sterilized after loading seeding tank fermentation medium again, is cooled to 30DEG C, spore liquid is accessed in nutrient solution, after fermentation tank inoculation, is cultivated 36～48 hours under the conditions of 28～35 DEG C, throughput 1～2Vols/vol min, oxygen content 30～40%；, obtain first class seed pot zymocyte liquid；Secondary seed tank is gone out at 121 DEG CBacterium 30min, sterilizes after loading culture medium again, is cooled to 30 DEG C, and first class seed pot zymotic fluid is pressed percent by volume 5%～8%Inoculum concentration accesses secondary seed tank, is passed through filtrated air and stirring is cultivated, obtain secondary seed tank zymocyte liquid；Zymotic fluid containsPer milliliter of brood cell's number living puts tank up to more than 5,000,000,000 when brood cell's ratio is up to more than 95%, pH value 7.0-8.0, without living contaminants.
Preferably, the seeding tank fermentation medium component is：10%～15wt% of rice bran, 25%～35wt% of soya bean,20%～30wt% of white sugar, 15%～20wt% of fish meal, 5%～10wt% of urea, 5%～10wt% of trace element, dusty yeast15%～25wt%, 2%～5wt% of mannitol, K2HPO41%～6wt%, KH2PO41%～6wt%, MgSO4·7H2O 1～6wt% and water, each component sum are 100%.
The preparation of fertilizer combination：By cicken feces dried, rape cake, stalk after screening, crushing, by weight 6:3:1Ratio be well mixed, proceed to large-sized solid compost groove, adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20～30, adjust water content to 50wt%, addConvention amount organic matter decomposing inoculant, carries out compost, when heap temperature reaches more than 50 DEG C, starts turning ventilation, and turning is daily 2-3It is secondary, when temperature is down to below 30 DEG C, stop turning, obtain the fertilizer combination become thoroughly decomposed.
The Elemental characters of alkaline land modifying agent
Embodiment 2
A kind of alkaline land modifying agent, it is by vegetable garden soil 35wt%, active function bacterium 10wt%, mineral powder 15wt% and hasMachine fertilizer 25%, 15%% water of inorganic composite fertilizer are prepared from, and active function bacterium bag includes lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, huge budSpore bacillus, trichoderma, aspergillus niger, monascus, trichoderma harzianum, microorganism Aspergillus aculeatus and yeast, mineral powder be turf, zeolite, vermiculite,One or more mixture in montmorillonite, calcium carbonate, expanded perlite, fineness≤200 mesh of mineral powder are describedFertilizer contain become thoroughly decomposed muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer, stalk, the weight ratio of the muck, rapeseed cake fertilizer and stalk is 7.5: 3.5:1.5；Inorganic composite fertilizer component 10～20wt% containing urea, 10～15wt% of calcium superphosphate, 25～30wt% of potassium sulfate, nitreSour 25～30wt% of potassium, 10～15wt% of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 10～20wt% of humic acid, each component sum are 100%.
The preparation method of the alkaline land modifying agent, it is characterised in that：Raw material is stirred by material-water ratio 100: 35, soAfter play heap, allow raw material to be saturated with moisture；Wherein each component ratio is 25%～35wt% of vegetable garden soil, 5%～15wt% of mineral powder25%～30wt% is combined with fertilizer, inorganic composite fertilizer combines 15%～20wt%, meanwhile, solid spawn is added water and is stirred intoPasty state simultaneously activates 3～4h, the bacterial classification of activation is added in raw material, and turning is mixed thoroughly repeatedly, stacks and cover plastic sheeting, in materialWhen heap temperature is up to 50 DEG C, that is, first time turning is carried out, ferment 10～12d, ferments 10～12d days later turning every 3d onceAfterwards, the active function bacterium bacterium powder of fertilizer composition weight 4%～6% that will be equivalent to become thoroughly decomposed is added to the fertilizer component become thoroughly decomposedIn proceed solid fermentation, after mixing, add equivalent to the fertilizer composition weight 0.5%～1% become thoroughly decomposed borax,0.2%～0.5% ammonium molybdate, adjust water content to 32-38wt%, carry out secondary compost fermentation, when temperature reach 50 DEG C withOn, starting turning, turning is daily 2～3 times, until temperature is down to 40 DEG C, stops turning, proceeds to after-ripening groove after-ripening 3～5 days,Then granulated using biological organic fertilizer special low temperature comminutor, then carried out negative pressure drying, after cooling sieve take particle diameter 1mm～The particle of 4.75mm, sends into feed bin mixing, obtains final product alkaline land modifying agent.
Preferably, the preparation process of the solid spawn is：By lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, woodMould, aspergillus niger, monascus, trichoderma harzianum, microorganism Aspergillus aculeatus and yeast are individually fermented respectively using industrial fermentation tank, operationStep and process conditions are：
G. the preparation of basal medium：Soybean with water boils 30min, is settled to after filtration；
H. prepared by lactic acid bacteria, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus megaterium culture medium：Beef extract 1g, albumenPeptone 2g, sodium chloride 1g, glucose 3g, basal medium 200mL, pH 7.5,
I. prepared by trichoderma, aspergillus niger, monascus, yeast culture medium：Glucose 7g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4g, peptone 2g,Magnesium sulfate 0.2g, basal medium 400mL, pH 6.5, after the completion of prepared by culture medium, autoclave sterilization 30min accesses phase after coolingBacterial classification is answered, the flat bottle that will be equipped with culture medium before inoculation sterilizes 30 minutes under the conditions of 121 DEG C, after inoculation under the conditions of 28～35 DEG C30～48h of culture, is made into spore liquid, is inoculated with for seeding tank with the inoculum concentration of percent by volume 5%；
J. seeding tank fermentation：First first class seed pot is sterilized, is sterilized after loading seeding tank fermentation medium again, is cooled to 30DEG C, spore liquid is accessed in nutrient solution, after fermentation tank inoculation, is cultivated 36～48 hours under the conditions of 28～35 DEG C, throughput 1～2Vols/vol min, oxygen content 30～40%；, obtain first class seed pot zymocyte liquid；Secondary seed tank is gone out at 121 DEG CBacterium 30min, sterilizes after loading culture medium again, is cooled to 30 DEG C, and first class seed pot zymotic fluid is pressed percent by volume 5%～8%Inoculum concentration accesses secondary seed tank, is passed through filtrated air and stirring is cultivated, obtain secondary seed tank zymocyte liquid；Zymotic fluid containsPer milliliter of brood cell's number living puts tank up to more than 5,000,000,000 when brood cell's ratio is up to more than 95%, pH value 7.0-8.0, without living contaminants.
Preferably, the seeding tank fermentation medium component is：10%～15wt% of rice bran, 25%～35wt% of soya bean,20%～30wt% of white sugar, 15%～20wt% of fish meal, 5%～10wt% of urea, 5%～10wt% of trace element, dusty yeast15%～25wt%, 2%～5wt% of mannitol, 1%～6wt% of K2HPO4, KH2PO41%～6wt%, MgSO4 7H2O1～6wt% and water, each component sum are 100%.
Preferably, the preparation of fertilizer combination：By cicken feces dried, rape cake, stalk after screening, crushing, by weightThan 6:3:1 ratio is well mixed, and proceeds to large-sized solid compost groove, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio to 20～30, adjust water content to50wt%, adds convention amount organic matter decomposing inoculant, carries out compost, when heap temperature reaches more than 50 DEG C, starts turning ventilation, turns overHeap is daily 2-3 time, when temperature is down to below 30 DEG C, stops turning, obtains the fertilizer combination become thoroughly decomposed.
The Elemental characters of alkaline land modifying agent
Embodiment 3
The application of alkaline land modifying agent：
Using randomized blocks, plot area 100m2If 3 repetitions are changed with the salt-soda soil in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2Good dose is applied 50kg/ mus as base fertilizer.Respectively treatment group 1, treatment group 2.
50kg/ mus are applied as base fertilizer using common compound fertilizer, is treatment group 3.
Not apply fertilizer area as check plot.
Using checkerboard type sampling method, record per cell insect pest strain number, prevention effect is calculated by following equation：
On prevention effect (%)=(check plot insect pest strain number-treatment region insect pest strain number)/check plot insect pest strain number × 100%Group is stated, except applied fertilizer to the subsoil difference, manuring late and management all same.
Testing result：Impact of 1 different disposal of table to Chinese cabbage yield
Impact of 2 different disposal of table to pest control effect
Interpretation of result：
There is significant facilitation by can be seen that administration growth of the compound fertilizer to Chinese cabbage in Tables 1 and 2, can showThe yield for improving Chinese cabbage is write, the generation of insect pest is reduced.Wherein, apply alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention either putting forward yieldFertilizer described in embodiment 1 is above in the prevention effect of high and insect pest.The yield volume increase of alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention reachesMore than 20%, and fertilizer units increased in production described in embodiment 1 only has 14.5%, the preventing and treating effect of the insect pest of alkaline land modifying agent of the present inventionFruit is 65% or so, and the prevention effect of fertilizer only has 58% described in embodiment 1.