技术领域technical field
本发明涉及路灯照明智能控制技术的领域，特别涉及一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明系统和方法。The invention relates to the field of intelligent control technology of street lamp lighting, in particular to a lighting system and method for fuzzy control of street lamps in time periods based on environmental data.
背景技术Background technique
随着道路路灯的不断增加，市政不断对道路照明系统进行改善，以达到电能最大化的节约。节能控制技术应用到城市路灯的照明系统中主要有两部分，一部分是黄昏、黎明时的开关灯控制，另一部分是天黑时段的调光控制。With the increasing number of street lamps on the road, the municipal government continues to improve the road lighting system in order to maximize the saving of electric energy. There are two main parts in the application of energy-saving control technology to the lighting system of urban street lamps, one is the switch light control at dusk and dawn, and the other is the dimming control during dark hours.
目前黄昏、黎明时段的开关灯控制方法主要有如下几种:(1)手动控制：主要以人工手动操作来打开和关闭路灯。(2)定时控制：主要以时间为开关灯依据，由定时器控制完成，能在规定时刻开关灯。(3)光照度控制：在每个路灯配电柜外安装光照度传感器，通过检测环境照度来控制路灯的开关状态。(4)经纬度控制：即根据当地的经纬度计算日出日落时间。At present, the switch light control methods in dusk and dawn hours mainly contain the following: (1) manual control: mainly turn on and off street lights with manual operation. (2) Timing control: mainly based on time as the switch light, completed by the timer control, can switch the light at the specified time. (3) Illuminance control: Install an illuminance sensor outside each street lamp power distribution cabinet, and control the switch status of the street lamp by detecting the ambient illuminance. (4) Latitude and longitude control: calculate the sunrise and sunset time according to the local latitude and longitude.
由于上述几种方法的控制策略单一，操作麻烦，遇到异常干扰容易对路灯进行频繁误操作，控制误差大，而且无法考虑到天气、季节、时间和地理位置等环境影响，不能做到按需开灯的目的，对交通安全没有保障。Due to the single control strategy of the above methods, the operation is troublesome, and it is easy to frequently misoperate the street lamps in case of abnormal interference, the control error is large, and the environmental influences such as weather, season, time and geographical location cannot be considered, and it is impossible to achieve on-demand The purpose of turning on the lights has no guarantee for traffic safety.
目前在夜间时段的调光控制方法主要有如下几种：(1)全夜灯：我国大部分城市路灯都釆用全夜灯(路灯整夜都处于全亮状态)的控制方式，会造成电能的不必要浪费和降低灯具的使用寿命。(2)半夜灯：即在后半夜采取1/2(灯具亮一隔一)和1/3(灯具亮一隔二)亮灯控制模式，这种方法虽然节约了电能，但是会导致照度不均匀，影响了行车的舒适度，给交通安全带来隐患，同时增加了施工的难度和成本。At present, the dimming control methods in the night time period mainly include the following: (1) All-night lights: Most of the street lights in our country adopt the control mode of all-night lights (street lights are in a full-on state all night), which will cause electric energy unnecessary waste and reduce the service life of lamps and lanterns. (2) Mid-night light: that is, in the second half of the night, the lighting control mode is adopted in 1/2 (the lamp is on every other) and 1/3 (the lamp is on every two) lighting control mode. Although this method saves power, it will lead to uneven illumination. It affects the comfort of driving, brings hidden dangers to traffic safety, and increases the difficulty and cost of construction.
路灯控制应该在保证道路安全的基础上，不同的时段、路段釆用不同的亮度进行智能照明控制，才能真正实现节能的目标。Street lamp control should be on the basis of ensuring road safety, and intelligent lighting control should be carried out with different brightness in different time periods and road sections, so as to truly achieve the goal of energy saving.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述技术中出现的一些问题，提供了一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明系统和方法。本系统不仅能依托环境数据实现路灯照明的分时段模糊控制，而且能够实时对各路灯的耗电量、灯杆倾斜、路面积水等情况进行检测，当检测出路灯出现异常状态时能自动报警并进行故障定位。Aiming at some problems in the above-mentioned technologies, the present invention provides a lighting system and method for fuzzy control of street lamps in different time periods based on environmental data. This system can not only rely on environmental data to realize fuzzy control of street lamp lighting in time intervals, but also detect the power consumption of each street lamp, the inclination of the lamp pole, and the water on the road in real time, and can automatically alarm when an abnormal state of the street lamp is detected and perform fault location.
本发明还提供了一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明方法。使用该方法实现上述系统的功能，将会非常的简单、方便、可靠。The present invention also provides a lighting method for fuzzy control of street lamps in different time periods based on environmental data. Using this method to realize the functions of the above-mentioned system will be very simple, convenient and reliable.
为实现上述的目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明系统，包括单灯控制器、集中控制器和远程监管中心，远程监管中心与集中控制器之间采用GPRS无线网络进行通信，集中控制器与单灯控制器以及单灯控制器之间采用ZigBee无线网络进行通信；本系统不仅能依托环境数据实现路灯照明的分时段模糊控制，而且能够实时对各路灯的耗电量、灯杆倾斜、路面积水等情况进行检测，当检测出路灯出现异常状态时能自动报警并进行故障定位。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a lighting system that relies on environmental data to fuzzily control street lamps in different periods, including a single lamp controller, a centralized controller and a remote monitoring center, and the connection between the remote monitoring center and the centralized controller The GPRS wireless network is used for communication between the central controller and the single lamp controller and the single lamp controller is used for ZigBee wireless network communication; this system can not only realize the fuzzy control of street lighting by time based on environmental data, but also real-time control The power consumption of each street lamp, the inclination of the lamp pole, and the water on the road are detected. When an abnormal state of the street lamp is detected, it can automatically alarm and locate the fault.
本发明所述单灯控制器包括车辆行人感应模块(1)、环境光照强度检测模块(2)、灯杆倾斜检测模块(3)、水位检测模块(4)、功率检测模块(5)、数据处理模块(6)、调整亮度模块(7)、路灯关断模块(8)、LED驱动电源(9)、LED路灯(10)、时钟模块(11)、网络通信模块(12)、数据存储模块(13)、ZigBee射频模块(14)、电源电路。所述的车辆行人感应模块(1)、环境光照强度检测模块(2)、灯杆倾斜检测模块(3)、水位检测模块(4)、功率检测模块(5)、调整亮度模块(7)、路灯关断模块(8)、时钟模块(11)、数据存储模块(13)均通过I/O接口与数据处理模块(6)连接，所述的数据处理模块(6)通过UART串口与网络通信模块(12)连接，所述的网络通信模块(12)通过I/O接口与ZigBee射频模块(14)连接；调整亮度模块(7)和路灯关断模块(8)连接LED驱动电源(9)，LED驱动电源(9)连接LED路灯(10)。主要功能包括：通过ZigBee网络接收来自管理中心下达的指令并完成相应的操作，例如路灯的开关以及亮度调节等；同时将采集到的区域内路灯电流、电压、光照强度等状态信息通过ZigBee网络发送给集中控制器(管理中心)。The single lamp controller of the present invention includes a vehicle pedestrian sensing module (1), an ambient light intensity detection module (2), a light pole tilt detection module (3), a water level detection module (4), a power detection module (5), a data Processing module (6), brightness adjustment module (7), street lamp shutdown module (8), LED drive power supply (9), LED street lamp (10), clock module (11), network communication module (12), data storage module (13), ZigBee radio frequency module (14), power supply circuit. The vehicle pedestrian sensing module (1), ambient light intensity detection module (2), light pole tilt detection module (3), water level detection module (4), power detection module (5), brightness adjustment module (7), The street lamp shutdown module (8), the clock module (11), and the data storage module (13) are all connected to the data processing module (6) through the I/O interface, and the data processing module (6) communicates with the network through the UART serial port Module (12) is connected, and described network communication module (12) is connected with ZigBee radio frequency module (14) by I/O interface; Adjust brightness module (7) and street lamp shutdown module (8) and connect LED drive power supply (9) , the LED driving power supply (9) is connected to the LED street lamp (10). The main functions include: receiving instructions from the management center through the ZigBee network and completing corresponding operations, such as street lamp switching and brightness adjustment; at the same time, the collected status information of the street lamp current, voltage, and light intensity in the area is sent through the ZigBee network To the centralized controller (management center).
本发明所述集中控制器包括ZigBee组网模块(15)、EEPROM存储模块(16)、ARM微控制器(17)、按键电路(18)、GPRS无线通讯模块(19)、电源电路；其特征在于：所述的ARM微控制器(17)设置二个UART串口，二个UART串口分别连接ZigBee组网模块(15)、GPRS无线通讯模块(19)；此外ARM微控制器(17)和EEPROM存储模块(16)、按键电路(18)、电源电路均通过I/O接口连接。主要功能包括：接收和发送网络内所有的路灯控制信号、记录的状态数据、报警信号等，作为一个区域路灯的控制和管理单元，可以与区域内的每一个单灯控制器实现通信，负责整片区域的统筹控制，上行通过GPRS网络与系统管理中心进行数据交互，下行则是通过ZigBee网络与各单灯控制器通信。Centralized controller of the present invention comprises ZigBee networking module (15), EEPROM storage module (16), ARM microcontroller (17), button circuit (18), GPRS wireless communication module (19), power supply circuit; Its characteristic Be: described ARM microcontroller (17) is provided with two UART serial ports, two UART serial ports connect ZigBee networking module (15), GPRS wireless communication module (19) respectively; In addition ARM microcontroller (17) and EEPROM The storage module (16), the button circuit (18) and the power circuit are all connected through the I/O interface. The main functions include: receiving and sending all street lamp control signals in the network, recorded status data, alarm signals, etc., as a control and management unit of street lamps in a region, it can communicate with every single lamp controller in the region The overall control of the area, the uplink communicates with the system management center through the GPRS network, and the downlink communicates with each single light controller through the ZigBee network.
远程监管中心(22)作为整个路灯照明系统的控制和管理中心，通过GPRS网络与公网服务器(20)建立连接从而与各地的区域单灯控制器通信，实时反映各路段各个路灯运作情况，能够显示路灯的不同状态(包括亮度、电压、电流以及功率)信息，并将其存储在MYSQL数据库(21)中方便管理人员查阅，能够远程控制路灯的开关并且可以调节路灯的亮度，可以完成对数据记录读取、事件检测以及对报警信息的应答等操作。As the control and management center of the entire street lighting system, the remote supervision center (22) establishes a connection with the public network server (20) through the GPRS network so as to communicate with regional single-lamp controllers in various places, and reflects the operation status of each street lamp in each road section in real time. Display the different states (comprising brightness, voltage, current and power) information of street lights, and store it in the MYSQL database (21) to facilitate the management personnel to check, can remotely control the switch of street lights and can adjust the brightness of street lights, can complete the data Operations such as record reading, event detection, and response to alarm messages.
其中，数据处理模块(6)选用51系列单片机作为数据处理的核心处理器，主要用于采集区域内路灯电流、电压、环境光照强度、异常报警等状态信息并将数据经过处理后发送给网络通信模块(12)，同时接收网络通信模块(12)发送的控制命令。网络通信模块(12)选用TI公司的CC2530芯片作为网络通信的核心处理器，主要用于与数据处理模块之间进行数据交互和ZigBee网络通信。ZigBee射频模块(14)用于2.4GHz工作频段无线射频前端，通过其提供的功率放大器来增强无线发射功率和接收灵敏度。时钟模块(11)为系统提供一基准时钟，产生的数据字节以串行方式传递给数据处理模块(12)作为时间基准，用于系统连续运行时间度量、报警时刻记录和定时通断控制。车辆行人感应模块(1)用于感应传感器前方有无移动物体来实现人或车的检测。环境光照强度检测模块(2)通过数字输出型光强度传感器直接将采集的光照强度转换成数字信号，方便供数据处理模块(12)处理。灯杆倾斜检测模块(3)通过灯杆倾斜超过一定角度时电路的输出电平变化来判断灯杆是否倾斜。水位检测模块(4)通过实际水位超过预警水位线时电路的输出电平变化来判断路面积水情况。功率检测模块(5)用于测量线路电压和电流有效值，实时检测当前路灯的能耗情况。路灯关断模块(8)通过数据处理模块(12)的I/O口驱动光耦芯片的耦合状态，进而通过三极管的导通截止来驱动继电器的开断，从而实现对路灯的开关操作。LED驱动电源(9)选用0/1-10V调光电源，接调整亮度模块(7)后通过0～10V电压变化可以改变电源的输出电流，实现路灯亮度的调节。Among them, the data processing module (6) selects 51 series single-chip microcomputer as the core processor of data processing, which is mainly used to collect status information such as street lamp current, voltage, ambient light intensity, abnormal alarm, etc. in the area and send the data to the network communication after processing The module (12) simultaneously receives the control command sent by the network communication module (12). The network communication module (12) selects the CC2530 chip of TI Company as the core processor of network communication, which is mainly used for data interaction and ZigBee network communication with the data processing module. The ZigBee radio frequency module (14) is used for the wireless radio frequency front end of the 2.4GHz working frequency band, and enhances the wireless transmission power and reception sensitivity through the power amplifier provided by it. The clock module (11) provides a reference clock for the system, and the generated data bytes are serially transmitted to the data processing module (12) as a time reference, which is used for system continuous running time measurement, alarm time recording and timing on-off control. The vehicle pedestrian sensing module (1) is used to sense whether there is a moving object in front of the sensor to realize the detection of a person or a vehicle. The ambient light intensity detection module (2) directly converts the collected light intensity into a digital signal through a digital output light intensity sensor, which is conveniently processed by the data processing module (12). The light pole tilt detection module (3) judges whether the light pole is tilted by the change of the output level of the circuit when the light pole is tilted beyond a certain angle. The water level detection module (4) judges the road surface water condition through the change of the output level of the circuit when the actual water level exceeds the warning water level line. The power detection module (5) is used for measuring the effective value of line voltage and current, and detecting the energy consumption of the current street lamp in real time. The street lamp shut-off module (8) drives the coupling state of the optocoupler chip through the I/O port of the data processing module (12), and then drives the on-off of the relay through the on-off of the triode, thereby realizing the switching operation of the street lamp. The LED driving power supply (9) selects a 0/1-10V dimming power supply, and after being connected to the brightness adjustment module (7), the output current of the power supply can be changed by changing the voltage of 0-10V, so as to realize the adjustment of the brightness of the street lamp.
其中，ARM微控制器(17)选用ST公司的STM32F103芯片，基于ARM Cortex-M3内核，作为集中控制器的中央处理器。ZigBee组网模块(15)用于协调建立网络和管理网络中节点。GPRS无线通讯模块(19)选用华为公司的MG301模块，支持短信和数据业务，用于与远程控制中心进行TCP/IP连接，实现对路灯的远距离监控管理。按键电路(18)设置了箱门报警、定时控制以及光强控制等按钮，并为每个按钮配备了状态指示灯，从而能够实现多种控制方式的设置和切换。EEPROM存储模块(16)用于数据记录，能将数据与出现该数据的时间同时记录。Wherein, the ARM microcontroller (17) selects the STM32F103 chip of ST Company, based on the ARM Cortex-M3 core, as the central processing unit of the centralized controller. The ZigBee networking module (15) is used for coordinating network establishment and managing nodes in the network. GPRS wireless communication module (19) selects the MG301 module of Huawei, supports short message and data service, is used for carrying out TCP/IP connection with remote control center, realizes the long-distance monitoring management to street lamp. The button circuit (18) is provided with buttons such as box door alarm, timing control and light intensity control, and is equipped with a status indicator light for each button, thereby the setting and switching of multiple control modes can be realized. The EEPROM storage module (16) is used for data recording, and the data and the time when the data appears can be recorded simultaneously.
一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明方法，采用上述系统进行操作，其特征在于，将黎明与黄昏时段的环境照度、天黑后半夜时段的车辆行人情况影响因素分类考虑，在黎明与黄昏时段采取环境照度模糊控制方法，在天黑后半夜时段采取车流量模糊控制方法。通过分时段采取不同模糊控制方法来改善系统的控制精度以满足照明质量和节电效果的双重需求。A lighting method that relies on environmental data to fuzzy control street lamps in different time periods, using the above-mentioned system to operate, is characterized in that the environmental illuminance at dawn and dusk, and the influencing factors of vehicles and pedestrians in the middle of the night after dark are classified and considered. The ambient illumination fuzzy control method is adopted in the dusk, and the traffic flow fuzzy control method is adopted in the middle of the night after dark. By adopting different fuzzy control methods in different periods to improve the control precision of the system to meet the dual requirements of lighting quality and power saving effect.
系统采用两个双输入单输出结构的模糊控制器在不同时间段交替对路灯进行控制，其分别是对应黄昏和黎明时段的模糊控制器FC1和对应天黑后半夜时段的模糊控制器FC2。其工作原理是：系统提供一基准时钟，根据不同季节日升日落时间的不同，对两个模糊控制器开启和关闭的时间点进行调整。日出到日落前后一小时期间开启模糊控制器FC1，根据环境照度值和环境照度变化率信息按时作出开关灯决策和调光控制；凌晨零点到日出前一小时期间开启模糊控制器FC2，根据LED路灯当前输出功率和路面行人、车辆情况信息自动调整路灯亮度级别进行多级调光控制；其他时间不开启两个模糊控制器，减少系统的吞吐量。The system uses two fuzzy controllers with double-input and single-output structure to alternately control the street lamps in different time periods, which are the fuzzy controller FC1 corresponding to the dusk and dawn periods and the fuzzy controller FC2 corresponding to the midnight period after dark . Its working principle is: the system provides a reference clock, and adjusts the opening and closing time points of the two fuzzy controllers according to the difference in the time of sunrise and sunset in different seasons. Turn on the fuzzy controller FC1 from sunrise to one hour before and after sunset, and make decisions on switching lights and dimming control on time according to the ambient illuminance value and ambient illuminance change rate information; turn on the fuzzy controller FC from midnight to one hour before sunrise2. According to the current output power of LED street lights and the information of pedestrians and vehicles on the road, the brightness level of street lights is automatically adjusted for multi-level dimming control; the two fuzzy controllers are not turned on at other times to reduce the throughput of the system.
其中，环境照度模糊控制方法，依托于模糊控制器FC1，包括如下步骤：Among them, the fuzzy control method of ambient illumination relies on the fuzzy controller FC1 , including the following steps:
(1)采集信号：系统在黎明到黄昏时段，用环境光照强度检测模块读取环境照度值，并利用多传感器数据融合技术剔除疏失误差，通过采样计算得到环境照度变化率。(1) Acquisition signal: The system uses the ambient light intensity detection module to read the ambient illuminance value during the period from dawn to dusk, and uses multi-sensor data fusion technology to eliminate negligent errors, and obtains the rate of change of ambient illuminance through sampling calculation.
(2)模糊量化：把获得的环境照度值和环境照度变化率作为模糊控制的输入量，利用隶属函数模糊量化以获得两个对应的模糊输入量。(2) Fuzzy quantification: take the obtained environmental illuminance value and the rate of change of environmental illuminance as the input quantity of fuzzy control, and use membership function fuzzy quantification to obtain two corresponding fuzzy input quantities.
(3)模糊推理：对上述获得的两个模糊输入量根据模糊控制规则进行模糊推理，以获得对应的模糊输出量。(3) Fuzzy reasoning: Perform fuzzy reasoning on the two fuzzy input quantities obtained above according to the fuzzy control rules to obtain the corresponding fuzzy output quantities.
(4)模糊决策：对上述的模糊输出量进行模糊决策获得模糊控制输出量，根据模糊控制输出量转换而来的实际路灯控制量来控制路灯的开关灯和调光。(4) Fuzzy decision-making: make fuzzy decision-making on the above-mentioned fuzzy output to obtain fuzzy control output, and control the switching and dimming of street lamps according to the actual street lamp control value converted from the fuzzy control output.
车流量模糊控制方法，依托于模糊控制器FC2，包括如下步骤：The fuzzy control method of traffic flow relies on the fuzzy controller FC2 and includes the following steps:
(1)采集信号：系统在天黑后半夜时段，通过车辆行人感应模块获取路面行人、车辆情况信息，以及通过功率检测模块获取路灯的当前输出功率。(1) Collecting signals: the system obtains information about pedestrians and vehicles on the road through the vehicle pedestrian sensing module in the middle of the night after dark, and obtains the current output power of street lamps through the power detection module.
(2)模糊量化：把获得的路面行人、车辆情况信息和路灯当前输出功率作为模糊控制的输入量，利用隶属函数模糊量化以获得两个对应的模糊输入量。(2) Fuzzy quantization: take the information of pedestrians and vehicles on the road and the current output power of street lamps as the input of fuzzy control, and use the membership function to obtain two corresponding fuzzy inputs.
(3)模糊推理：对上述获得的两个模糊输入量根据模糊控制规则进行模糊推理，以获得对应的模糊输出量。(3) Fuzzy reasoning: Perform fuzzy reasoning on the two fuzzy input quantities obtained above according to the fuzzy control rules to obtain the corresponding fuzzy output quantities.
(4)模糊决策：对上述的模糊输出量进行模糊判决获得模糊控制输出量，根据模糊控制输出量转换而来的实际路灯控制量来控制路灯的亮度等级。(4) Fuzzy decision-making: Fuzzy decision is made on the above-mentioned fuzzy output to obtain the fuzzy control output, and the brightness level of the street lamp is controlled according to the actual street lamp control amount converted from the fuzzy control output.
优选地，上述技术方案中，模糊推理类型采用Mamdani型，模糊决策方法釆用重心法。Preferably, in the above technical solution, the fuzzy reasoning type adopts the Mamdani type, and the fuzzy decision-making method adopts the center of gravity method.
优选地，上述技术方案中，所述环境照度值和环境照度变化率的模糊语言变量分别为：{DA(暗)，DM(较亮)，DB(亮)}及{NB(负大)，NS(负小)，O(零)，PS(正小)，PB(正大)}；所述路面行人、车辆情况信息和路灯当前输出功率的模糊语言变量分别为：{E(有运动的人或车辆)，N(无运动的人或车辆)}及{PH(过亮)，PB(适中)，PM(微暗)，PL(过暗)}；所述模糊控制器FC1的输出量的模糊语言变量为：{S10(关灯)，N(空操作)，S01(开灯且以输出功率为50％工作)，S12(路灯输出功率从50％变为100％工作)，S02(开灯且输出功率为100％工作)}；所述模糊控制器FC2的输出量的模糊语言变量为：{YH(大)，YB(中)，YM(微中)，YL(小)}。Preferably, in the above technical solution, the fuzzy linguistic variables of the environmental illuminance value and the rate of change of the environmental illuminance are respectively: {DA (dark), DM (brighter), DB (bright)} and {NB (negative large), NS (negative small), O (zero), PS (positive small), PB (positive big)}; The fuzzy language variable of described road surface pedestrian, vehicle condition information and the current output power of street lamp is respectively: {E (people who have motion or vehicle), N (people or vehicles without motion)} and {PH (overbright), PB (moderate), PM (dark), PL (overdark)}; the output of the fuzzy controller FC1 The fuzzy language variables are: {S10 (turn off the light), N (no operation), S01 (turn on the light and work at 50% output power), S12 (street light output power changes from 50% to 100% work) , S02 (turn on the light and the output power is 100% work)}; the fuzzy language variable of the output of the fuzzy controller FC2 is: {YH (big), YB (middle), YM (micro), YL (small)}.
优选地，上述技术方案中，所述环境照度值的隶属函数釆用Sigmoid型和钟型，所述环境照度变化率的隶属函数釆用三角形和梯形；所述路面行人、车辆情况信息的隶属函数釆用Sigmoid型，所述路灯当前输出功率的隶属函数釆用三角形和梯形。Preferably, in the above technical solution, the membership function of the environmental illuminance value adopts Sigmoid type and bell type, the membership function of the environmental illuminance change rate adopts triangle and trapezoid; the membership function of the road pedestrian and vehicle condition information The Sigmoid type is adopted, and the membership function of the current output power of the street lamp adopts triangle and trapezoid.
本发明与现有技术相比较，具有如下显而易见的突出实质性特点和显著技术进步：传统的控制方法一般只考虑单个控制参数，照明质量和节电效果不能达到最佳的平衡。路灯控制系统是一个时变、多变量、非线性、多干扰的复杂系统，环境照度具有易变性，会随着天气、季节、时间和地理位置的不同而不同，而且还会受到亮光干扰、遮蔽干扰等的影响，夜间路面行人、车辆情况信息更是具有多变性，无法精确地作出决策行为。因此本发明所述照明系统将黄昏与黎明、夜间时段的影响因素分类考虑，通过加入模糊决策智能算法，使系统能根据传感器采集到的环境信息作出合理的照明策略。在黎明黄昏时刻能够针对不同天气、季节灵活地控制路灯的开关状态以及亮度调节，在夜间后半夜时段有行人车辆经过时保证道路的正常照明，在没有行人车辆时自动降低路灯亮度。通过分时段采取不同控制方法实现了灵活、有效的路灯智能化控制，提高了系统的可靠性，保证了道路的通行安全，在满足行人车辆照明需求的前提下，尽可能的节约了能源。而且本发明还具备完善的故障报警系统，能够对路灯各项参数进行实时检测，一旦有路灯出现异常状态时系统便会自动报警，维护人员可以依据报警信息及时对故障进行处理，进行及时、高效的应急抢修，使得城市照明设施在不受人为干预的情况下可以在各种突发状况下做自主应急响应。因此本发明具有实用性强、生产成本低、智能化程度高的特点，对于提高城市路灯管理水平和效率方面具有非常重要的意义和社会应用价值。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following obvious outstanding substantive features and significant technical progress: the traditional control method generally only considers a single control parameter, and the lighting quality and power saving effect cannot achieve the best balance. The street light control system is a time-varying, multi-variable, nonlinear, and multi-interference complex system. The ambient illumination is variable and will vary with the weather, season, time, and geographical location, and it will also be disturbed by bright light and shaded. Due to the influence of interference, the information of pedestrians and vehicles on the road at night is more variable, and it is impossible to make accurate decision-making behaviors. Therefore, the lighting system of the present invention classifies and considers the influencing factors of dusk, dawn, and nighttime, and by adding a fuzzy decision-making intelligent algorithm, the system can make a reasonable lighting strategy based on the environmental information collected by the sensor. At dawn and dusk, it can flexibly control the switching status and brightness adjustment of street lights according to different weather and seasons. It can ensure the normal lighting of the road when pedestrians and vehicles pass by in the middle of the night, and automatically reduce the brightness of street lights when there are no pedestrians and vehicles. By adopting different control methods in different periods of time, flexible and effective intelligent control of street lamps is realized, which improves the reliability of the system, ensures the safety of road traffic, and saves energy as much as possible while meeting the lighting needs of pedestrians and vehicles. Moreover, the present invention also has a complete fault alarm system, which can detect various parameters of the street lamps in real time. Once a street lamp is in an abnormal state, the system will automatically alarm, and the maintenance personnel can deal with the fault in time according to the alarm information. Emergency repairs enable urban lighting facilities to respond autonomously in various emergencies without human intervention. Therefore, the present invention has the characteristics of strong practicability, low production cost, and high degree of intelligence, and has very important significance and social application value for improving the management level and efficiency of urban street lamps.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为根据本发明的依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明系统的结构框图。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a lighting system for fuzzy control of street lamps in time divisions based on environmental data according to the present invention.
图2为根据本发明的单灯控制器的ZigBee网络通信流程图。Fig. 2 is a ZigBee network communication flow chart of the single lamp controller according to the present invention.
图3位根据本发明的单灯控制器的信息处理及控制流程图。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of information processing and control of the single lamp controller according to the present invention.
图4位根据本发明的集中控制器的主程序流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the main program of the centralized controller according to the present invention.
图5为根据本发明的依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明方法的结构框图。Fig. 5 is a structural block diagram of a method for fuzzy control of street lamp illumination by time divisions based on environmental data according to the present invention.
图6为根据本发明的二维模糊控制器的内部结构框图。Fig. 6 is a block diagram of the internal structure of the two-dimensional fuzzy controller according to the present invention.
图7为根据本发明的路灯输出功率变化S的模糊规则表。Fig. 7 is a table of fuzzy rules for street lamp output power variation S according to the present invention.
图8为根据本发明的路灯亮度等级变化Y的模糊规则表。Fig. 8 is a table of fuzzy rules according to the change Y of the brightness level of street lamps according to the present invention.
在图中，人感应模块(1)、环境光照强度检测模块(2)、灯杆倾斜检测模块(3)、水位检测模块(4)、功率检测模块(5)、数据处理模块(6)、调整亮度模块(7)、路灯关断模块(8)、LED驱动电源(9)、LED路灯(10)、时钟模块(11)、网络通信模块(12)、数据存储模块(13)、ZigBee射频模块(14)、ZigBee组网模块(15)、EEPROM存储模块(16)、ARM微控制器(17)、按键电路(18)、GPRS无线通讯模块(19)，公网服务器(20)，MYSQL数据库(21)、远程监控中心(22)。In the figure, human sensing module (1), ambient light intensity detection module (2), light pole tilt detection module (3), water level detection module (4), power detection module (5), data processing module (6), Brightness adjustment module (7), street lamp shutdown module (8), LED drive power supply (9), LED street lamp (10), clock module (11), network communication module (12), data storage module (13), ZigBee radio frequency Module (14), ZigBee networking module (15), EEPROM storage module (16), ARM microcontroller (17), button circuit (18), GPRS wireless communication module (19), public network server (20), MYSQL Database (21), remote monitoring center (22).
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, and it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.
实施例一：参见图1，本发明所述的一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明系统。它包括单灯控制器、集中控制器和远程监管中心。本系统中数据的传输是基于两种不同的无线通信方式(短距离的ZigBee通信模式和远距离的GPRS通信模式)。ZigBee网络实现各路灯的单灯控制器与集中控制器之间的通信，GPRS网络实现集中控制器与远程监管中心(22)之间的通信。当远程监管中心(22)需要查看路灯状态信息时，由路灯单灯控制器的传感器模块负责实时采集路灯状态信息，并通过ZigBee射频模块(14)上传给集中控制器的ZigBee组网模块(15)。集中控制器对管辖区域内所有路灯控制终端传感节点的数据进行汇总融合，利用GPRS无线通讯模块(19)把数据上传给公网服务器(20)，公网服务器(20)再把数据传送到远程监管中心(22)，远程监管中心(22)可以将数据存储到MYSQL数据库(21)中，方便管理人员查阅。远程监管中心(22)自动完成最终的数据分析、汇总以及显示。同时远程监管中心(22)也可以通过管理系统界面远程控制辖域内每盏路灯的关断及输出功率。Embodiment 1: Referring to FIG. 1 , a lighting system of the present invention that relies on environmental data to fuzzily control street lamps in time intervals. It includes single lamp controller, centralized controller and remote monitoring center. Data transmission in this system is based on two different wireless communication modes (short-distance ZigBee communication mode and long-distance GPRS communication mode). The ZigBee network realizes the communication between the single lamp controller of each street lamp and the centralized controller, and the GPRS network realizes the communication between the centralized controller and the remote monitoring center (22). When the remote monitoring center (22) needs to check the street lamp status information, the sensor module of the street lamp single lamp controller is responsible for collecting the street lamp status information in real time, and uploads the ZigBee networking module (15) to the centralized controller through the ZigBee radio frequency module (14). ). The centralized controller aggregates and fuses the data of all street lamp control terminal sensor nodes within the jurisdiction area, uses the GPRS wireless communication module (19) to upload the data to the public network server (20), and the public network server (20) then transmits the data to The remote monitoring center (22), the remote monitoring center (22) can store data in the MYSQL database (21), which is convenient for managers to check. The remote monitoring center (22) automatically completes the final data analysis, summary and display. At the same time, the remote monitoring center (22) can also remotely control the shutdown and output power of each street lamp within the jurisdiction through the management system interface.
实施例二：参见图2和图3，所述的单灯控制器完成的主要工作是：加入ZigBee网络、读/写路灯数据、收发并处理ZigBee网络的数据及命令、根据收到的命令对路灯进行操作。单灯控制器的网络通信模块(12)负责单灯节点的通信组网，主要是对中断进行相应的处理，处理的中断有两类：一类是ZigBee网络中断，还有一类是串口中断。网络通信模块(12)启动初始化工作完成以后，需要等待加入网络，加入网络后等待中断的产生，接收到中断以后进行中断处理程序，根据不同中断执行不同操作。ZigBee网络中断用于接收集中控制器下发的路灯控制信号(路灯开关和调光指令)，并将其发送到数据处理模块(6)；串口中断用于接收数据处理模块(6)发送过来的单灯数据(如路灯状态、环境信息和故障报警信息)并将其通过ZigBee网络上传到集中控制器。数据处理模块(6)负责单灯节点的信息处理及控制，主要处理三种类型的中断：一类是串口中断，一类是定时器中断，还有一类是检测模块产生的硬件中断(如水位报警信号、灯杆倾斜报警信号和车辆行人感应信号等)。串口中断产生时，接收网络通信模块(12)发送过来的路灯操作指令进行LED路灯(10)的开关灯以及调光操作。定时器中断产生时，首先读取路灯的电压电流以及环境照度值等参数，并主动将参数通过串口发送给网络通信模块(12)。产生硬件中断时，首先判断其中断类型，并读取当前的系统时钟，根据中断类型的不同将报警参数连同当前时间一起上传给网络通信模块(12)。Embodiment two: referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the main work that described single lamp controller completes is: join ZigBee network, read/write street lamp data, send and receive and process the data and order of ZigBee network, according to the command received Street lights operate. The network communication module (12) of the single-lamp controller is responsible for the communication networking of the single-lamp node, and mainly handles interruptions correspondingly. There are two types of interrupts to be processed: one is ZigBee network interruption, and the other is serial port interruption. After the network communication module (12) starts and initializes, it needs to wait to join the network. After joining the network, it waits for an interrupt to be generated. After receiving the interrupt, it performs an interrupt processing program, and performs different operations according to different interrupts. The ZigBee network interrupt is used to receive the street lamp control signal (street lamp switch and dimming instruction) issued by the centralized controller, and sends it to the data processing module (6); the serial port interrupt is used to receive the signal sent by the data processing module (6) Single lamp data (such as street lamp status, environmental information and fault alarm information) and upload it to the centralized controller through the ZigBee network. The data processing module (6) is responsible for the information processing and control of the single lamp node, and mainly handles three types of interruptions: one is the serial port interruption, the other is the timer interruption, and the other is the hardware interruption generated by the detection module (such as the water level Alarm signal, light pole tilt alarm signal and vehicle pedestrian sensor signal, etc.). When the serial port interrupt occurs, the street lamp operation command sent by the network communication module (12) is received to perform the switch lamp and dimming operation of the LED street lamp (10). When the timer interrupt occurs, first read the parameters such as the voltage and current of the street lamp and the ambient illuminance value, and actively send the parameters to the network communication module (12) through the serial port. When a hardware interrupt is generated, first judge its interrupt type, and read the current system clock, and upload the alarm parameters together with the current time to the network communication module (12) according to the difference of the interrupt type.
实施例三：参见图4，所述的集中控制器通过ZigBee组网模块(15)收集管辖区域各个单灯控制器的数据，并将这些数据发送到GPRS无线通讯模块(19)，所以集中控制器相当于是照明系统中的网关。集中控制器接收到远程监管中心(22)下发的控制命令后通过协议将指令进行转换，并通过串口发往ZigBee组网模块(15)，同时集中控制器接收ZigBee组网模块(15)传送的数据并将收到的数据按照协议进行封装，通过GPRS无线通讯模块(19)发送到公网服务器(20)，并记录时间。另外，集中器设计了按键电路(18)，可对系统进行配置来改变路灯的控制方式以及更新系统时间。ARM微控制器(17)初始化工作完成后，开始执行主循环程序，首先判断是否需要进行系统配置，如果需要配置则通过按键对控制方式等进行配置，并将配置后的状态信息存入EEPROM存储模块(16)中。然后等待串口中断，采用串口通信与ZigBee组网模块(15)、GPRS无线通讯模块(19)进行通信，需要将串口中断分为GPRS网络中断和ZigBee网络中断。中断来自GPRS无线通讯模块(19)时，首先判断是否需要对集中控制器进行操作，需要的话修改集中控制器的对应参数，并返回确认信号，不需要修改集中控制器的话，判断是否需要将数据发送到ZigBee组网模块(15)中，如果需要则将收到的数据通过串口发送到ZigBee组网模块(15)，然后通过ZigBee网络传输到相应的单灯控制器，否则操作失败丢弃数据，返回失败信息到GPRS无线通讯模块(19)，传回公网服务器(20)。中断来自于ZigBee组网模块(15)时，判断是否需要上传数据，是的话读取系统RTC时钟，将该数据和当前的时间存入EEPROM存储模块(16)中，并发送给GPRS无线通讯模块(19)，否则丢弃。Embodiment three: referring to Fig. 4, described centralized controller collects the data of each single lamp controller in jurisdiction area through ZigBee networking module (15), and these data are sent to GPRS wireless communication module (19), so centralized control The switch is equivalent to the gateway in the lighting system. After the centralized controller receives the control command issued by the remote supervision center (22), the command is converted through the protocol, and sent to the ZigBee networking module (15) through the serial port, and the centralized controller receives the ZigBee networking module (15) at the same time. The data and the received data are encapsulated according to the protocol, sent to the public network server (20) through the GPRS wireless communication module (19), and record the time. In addition, the concentrator is designed with a button circuit (18), which can configure the system to change the control mode of the street lamp and update the system time. After the ARM micro-controller (17) initialization work is finished, start to execute the main loop program, at first judge whether need to carry out system configuration, if configuration is needed, control mode etc. are configured by button, and the state information after configuration is stored in EEPROM storage In module (16). Then wait for serial port interruption, adopt serial port communication to communicate with ZigBee networking module (15), GPRS wireless communication module (19), serial port interruption needs to be divided into GPRS network interruption and ZigBee network interruption. When interrupting from the GPRS wireless communication module (19), at first judge whether the centralized controller needs to be operated, modify the corresponding parameters of the centralized controller if necessary, and return an acknowledgment signal, if it is not necessary to modify the centralized controller, judge whether the data needs to be Sent to the ZigBee networking module (15), if necessary, the received data is sent to the ZigBee networking module (15) through the serial port, and then transmitted to the corresponding single lamp controller through the ZigBee network, otherwise the operation fails and the data is discarded. Return the failure information to the GPRS wireless communication module (19), and send back the public network server (20). When the interruption comes from the ZigBee networking module (15), judge whether to upload data, if yes, read the system RTC clock, store this data and the current time in the EEPROM memory module (16), and send it to the GPRS wireless communication module (19), otherwise discarded.
实施例四：参见图5，本发明所述的一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明方法，采用实施例1所述的一种依托环境数据分时段模糊控制路灯的照明系统进行操作。由于环境照度具有易变性、难以捉摸的特性，如果用环境照度单一量来控制路灯的开启与关闭，会导致路灯频繁开关，而且在天气异常变化的情况下，比如阴雨天气，实际的天黑时间将比正常情况提前，天亮时间将会推迟；路面行人、车辆情况信息更是具有多变性。因此将黎明与黄昏时段的环境照度、天黑后半夜时段的车辆行人情况影响因素分类考虑，在黎明与黄昏时段采用环境照度模糊控制方法，在天黑后半夜时段采取车流量模糊控制方法。通过分时段采取不同模糊控制方法来改善系统的控制精度以满足照明质量和节电效果的双重需求。Embodiment 4: Referring to FIG. 5 , a lighting method for fuzzy control of street lamps based on environmental data by time and time according to the present invention is operated by using a lighting system for fuzzy control of street lamps by time and time based on environmental data described in Embodiment 1. Due to the variability and elusive nature of ambient illuminance, if a single amount of ambient illuminance is used to control the on and off of street lights, it will lead to frequent switching of street lights, and in the case of abnormal weather changes, such as rainy weather, the actual dark time It will be earlier than normal, and the dawn time will be delayed; the information of pedestrians and vehicles on the road is even more variable. Therefore, the environmental illumination at dawn and dusk, and the influencing factors of vehicles and pedestrians in the middle of the night after dark are classified and considered, and the fuzzy control method of ambient illumination is adopted at dawn and dusk, and the fuzzy control method of traffic flow is adopted in the middle of the night after dark. By adopting different fuzzy control methods in different periods to improve the control precision of the system to meet the dual requirements of lighting quality and power saving effect.
本系统采用两个双输入单输出结构的模糊控制器在不同时间段交替对路灯进行控制，其分别是对应黄昏和黎明时的模糊控制器FC1和对应天黑后半夜时段的模糊控制器FC2。其工作原理是：系统提供一基准时钟，根据不同季节日升日落时间的不同，对两个模糊控制器开启和关闭的时间点进行调整。日出到日落前后一小时期间开启模糊控制器FC1，根据环境照度值和环境照度变化率信息按时作出开关灯决策和调光控制；凌晨零点到日出前一小时期间开启模糊控制器FC2，根据LED路灯当前输出功率和路面行人、车辆情况信息自动调整路灯亮度级别进行多级调光控制；其他时间不开启两个模糊控制器，减少系统的吞吐量。This system adopts two fuzzy controllers with double-input and single-output structure to alternately control the street lamps in different time periods, which are the fuzzy controller FC1 corresponding to dusk and dawn and the fuzzy controller FC corresponding to midnight after dark2 . Its working principle is: the system provides a reference clock, and adjusts the opening and closing time points of the two fuzzy controllers according to the difference in the time of sunrise and sunset in different seasons. Turn on the fuzzy controller FC1 from sunrise to one hour before and after sunset, and make decisions on switching lights and dimming control on time according to the ambient illuminance value and ambient illuminance change rate information; turn on the fuzzy controller FC from midnight to one hour before sunrise2. According to the current output power of LED street lights and the information of pedestrians and vehicles on the road, the brightness level of street lights is automatically adjusted for multi-level dimming control; the two fuzzy controllers are not turned on at other times to reduce the throughput of the system.
实施例五：参见图5和图6，所述环境照度模糊控制方法依托于模糊控制器FC1，包括如下步骤：Embodiment 5: Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the fuzzy control method of environmental illumination relies on the fuzzy controller FC1 , including the following steps:
(1)采集信号：环境光照强度检测模块工作的时间段为日出到日落前后一小时，设置为每30秒读取一次环境光照强度检测模块的测量值，通过理论计算将其转换为照度值。预先在某路段设置n个光照度测试点，将所有测试点某一时刻的照度值通过数据融合技术中的分布图法来剔除疏失误差，然后用算术平均值法求得的平均值作为某一时刻的环境照度值，并通过采样计算得到该时刻的环境照度变化率。(1) Acquisition signal: the working time period of the ambient light intensity detection module is from sunrise to one hour before and after sunset, set to read the measured value of the ambient light intensity detection module every 30 seconds, and convert it into an illuminance value through theoretical calculation . Set up n illuminance test points in a certain road section in advance, use the distribution map method in the data fusion technology to remove the illuminance value of all test points at a certain moment, and then use the average value obtained by the arithmetic mean method as a certain moment The ambient illuminance value, and the rate of change of the ambient illuminance at that moment is obtained through sampling calculation.
设：l(k)为当前时刻的环境照度值，l(k-1)为上一时刻的环境照度值，lc为照度变化率，T为采样周期，照度变化率lc的计算公式为：Suppose: l(k) is the ambient illuminance value at the current moment, l(k-1) is the ambient illuminance value at the previous moment, lc is the illuminance change rate, T is the sampling period, and the calculation formula of the illuminance change rate lc is:
lc＝[l(k)-l(k-1)]/T，T＝30秒lc=[l(k)-l(k-1)]/T, T=30 seconds
(2)模糊量化：把获得的环境照度值l和环境照度变化率lc作为模糊控制的输入量，利用隶属函数模糊量化以获得两个对应的模糊输入量。(2) Fuzzy quantification: take the obtained environmental illuminance value l and the rate of change of environmental illuminance lc as the input quantity of fuzzy control, and use membership function fuzzy quantification to obtain two corresponding fuzzy input quantities.
根据人体视觉感知和相关标准，黄昏时环境超度不足30lx(lx为光照度的单位)时，启用LED照明，并以50％的功率工作。不足15lx时，LED照明以100％功率工作。黎明时环境照度达到20lx时，关闭路灯。于是在环境照度值l的模糊论域l＝{l|0≤l≤30}上定义模糊语言变量：{DA(暗)，DM(较亮)，DB(亮)}。考虑到黎明与黄昏时段的环境照度变化的缓慢性和对称性，环境照度值l的隶属函数釆用Sigmoid型和钟型。设其得到的模糊输入量为L。According to human visual perception and related standards, when the environment exceeds 30lx (lx is the unit of illuminance) at dusk, LED lighting is enabled and works at 50% power. When less than 15lx, LED lighting works at 100% power. When the ambient illuminance reaches 20lx at dawn, turn off the street lights. Then define the fuzzy language variables on the fuzzy domain l={l|0≤l≤30} of the environmental illumination value l: {DA (dark), DM (lighter), DB (bright)}. Considering the slowness and symmetry of ambient illuminance changes during dawn and dusk, the membership function of ambient illuminance value l adopts Sigmoid type and bell type. Let the obtained fuzzy input amount be L.
根据实验测量，黎明和黄昏的时候，环境照度变化率小于0.5lx/s。于在环境照度变化率lc的模糊论域lc＝{lc|-0.5≤lc≤0.5}上定义模糊语言变量为：{NB(负大)，NS(负小)，O(零)，PS(正小)，PB(正大)}，环境照度变化率lc的隶属函数釆用三角形和梯形，这两种函数算法简单，处理速度快，精度上满足了路灯控制的要求。设其得到的模糊输入量为LC。According to the experimental measurement, at dawn and dusk, the rate of change of ambient illuminance is less than 0.5lx/s. On the fuzzy universe lc={lc|-0.5≤lc≤0.5} of the rate of change of environmental illumination lc, the fuzzy language variables are defined as: {NB (negative large), NS (negative small), O (zero), PS ( Positive small), PB (positive large)}, the membership function of the environmental illuminance change rate lc adopts triangle and trapezoid, the algorithm of these two functions is simple, the processing speed is fast, and the precision meets the requirement of street lamp control. Let the fuzzy input obtained by it be LC.
(3)模糊推理：对上述获得的两个模糊输入量根据模糊控制规则进行模糊推理，以获得对应的模糊输出量。(3) Fuzzy reasoning: Perform fuzzy reasoning on the two fuzzy input quantities obtained above according to the fuzzy control rules to obtain the corresponding fuzzy output quantities.
考虑到环境照度具有易变性和难以琢磨的特性和Mamdani模糊推理法适用于控制不易获得精确数学模型和多变化的一类被控对象的特点，因此采用Mamdani模糊推理法建立其模糊规则。其双输入单输出的模糊规则格式可写成下列形式：Considering the variable and elusive characteristics of environmental illumination and the fact that Mamdani fuzzy inference method is suitable for controlling a class of controlled objects that are not easy to obtain accurate mathematical models and have many changes, Mamdani fuzzy inference method is used to establish its fuzzy rules. Its double-input and single-output fuzzy rule format can be written in the following form:
If L＝Li and LC＝LCj then S＝Sij，(i＝1,2,3；j＝1,2,3,4,5)If L=Li and LC=LCj then S=Sij , (i=1,2,3; j=1,2,3,4,5)
“If”部分叫做模糊规则的前件，“then”部分叫做模糊规则的后件。将两个输入量经模糊化后的隶属函数作为模糊算子的输入，把整个If部分的隶属度作为模糊算子的输出。通过模糊算子，完成了隶属度值和每一个模糊规则中的前件的完全映射。再运用Mamdani模糊蕴含算子，通过前件来推断出结论。The "If" part is called the antecedent of the fuzzy rule, and the "then" part is called the postcondition of the fuzzy rule. The fuzzified membership function of the two input quantities is taken as the input of the fuzzy operator, and the membership degree of the whole If part is taken as the output of the fuzzy operator. Through the fuzzy operator, the complete mapping between the membership value and the antecedent in each fuzzy rule is completed. Then use the Mamdani fuzzy implication operator to infer the conclusion through the antecedent.
基于环境照度值l的模糊输入量L及环境照度变化率lc的模糊输入量LC的模糊规则表如图7所示，模糊输出量为路灯输出功率变化，设其获得的模糊输出量为S。The fuzzy rule table of the fuzzy input quantity L based on the environmental illuminance value l and the fuzzy input quantity LC of the environmental illuminance change rate lc is shown in Fig.
(4)模糊决策：对上述的模糊输出量S进行模糊决策获得模糊控制输出量，根据模糊控制输出量转换而来的实际路灯控制量来控制路灯的开关灯和调光。(4) Fuzzy decision-making: make fuzzy decision-making on the above-mentioned fuzzy output quantity S to obtain fuzzy control output quantity, and control the switching and dimming of street lamps according to the actual streetlight control quantity converted from the fuzzy control output quantity.
其中，模糊决策方法采用重心法，此方法是比较合理和精确的方法。设对模糊输出量S进行模糊决策得到的值为模糊控制输出量s，s的模糊语言变量为：{S10，N，S01，S12，S02}，其模糊论域s＝{s|-1≤s≤1}。其中S10表示关灯(功率变化范围为-1～-0.3)，即输出功率为30％～100％的任何值时，只要环境照度值从20lx到0lx时，输出功率调到0；N表示空操作(功率变化范围为-0.1～0.1)；S01表示开灯，并以输出功率为50％工作(功率变化范围为0.35～0.45)；S12表示输出功率从50％变为100％工作(功率变化范围为0.55～0.65)；S02表示开灯且输出功率为100％工作(功率变化范围为0.8～1)，输出隶属函数采用三角形。Among them, the fuzzy decision-making method adopts the center of gravity method, which is a more reasonable and accurate method. Assume that the fuzzy control output s obtained by fuzzy decision-making on the fuzzy output quantity S is the fuzzy language variable of s: {S10 , N, S01 , S12 , S02 }, and its fuzzy domain s={s |-1≤s≤1}. Among them, S10 means to turn off the light (the power range is -1~-0.3), that is, when the output power is any value from 30% to 100%, as long as the ambient illumination value is from 20lx to 0lx, the output power is adjusted to 0; N means Empty operation (power change range is -0.1~0.1); S01 means turn on the light and work with output power at 50% (power change range is 0.35~0.45); S12 means output power changes from 50% to 100% work (The power variation range is 0.55-0.65); S02 means turn on the light and the output power is 100% work (the power variation range is 0.8-1), and the output membership function adopts a triangle.
采用环境照度模糊控制方法实现的技术效果是：能够针对不同天气、季节、时间和地理位置利用模糊决策算法来灵活地控制路灯的开关状态以及调光，有效防止亮光和遮蔽等干扰因素对系统的影响，使系统能作出合理的照明策略，保证行人、车辆的安全行驶。The technical effect achieved by using the fuzzy control method of ambient illumination is: the fuzzy decision-making algorithm can be used to flexibly control the switching status and dimming of street lights according to different weather, seasons, time and geographical locations, and effectively prevent interference factors such as bright light and shading from affecting the system. Influence, so that the system can make a reasonable lighting strategy to ensure the safe driving of pedestrians and vehicles.
实施例六：参见图5和图6，所述车流量模糊控制方法依托于模糊控制器FC2，包括如下步骤：Embodiment 6: Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the fuzzy control method of traffic flow relies on the fuzzy controller FC2 and includes the following steps:
(1)采集信号：在凌晨零点到日出前一小时期间内，功率检测模块对路灯当前输出功率进行采集，车辆行人感应模块通过感应传感器前方有无移动物体来获取路面行人、车辆情况信息。(1) Acquisition signal: During the period from midnight to one hour before sunrise, the power detection module collects the current output power of street lamps, and the vehicle and pedestrian sensing module obtains information about pedestrians and vehicles on the road by sensing whether there are moving objects in front of the sensor.
设：c为路面行人、车辆情况信息，p为路灯当前输出功率。Suppose: c is the information of pedestrians and vehicles on the road, and p is the current output power of the street lamp.
(2)模糊量化：把获得的路面行人、车辆情况信息c和路灯当前输出功率p作为模糊控制的输入量，利用隶属函数模糊量化以获得两个对应的模糊输入量。(2) Fuzzy quantification: take the obtained information c of pedestrians and vehicles on the road and the current output power p of street lamps as the input quantity of fuzzy control, and use membership function fuzzy quantification to obtain two corresponding fuzzy input quantities.
由于车辆行人感应模块为开关量输出，因此通过判断其输出电压的高低即可检测前方是否有行人或车辆，路面行人、车辆情况信息c的模糊语言变量为：{E：有运动的人或车辆(传感器输出电压为高)，N：无运动的人或车辆(传感器输出电压为低)}，其模糊论域c＝{c|c＝0||c＝1}，路面行人、车辆情况信息的隶属函数釆用Sigmoid型，设其得到的模糊输入量为C。Since the vehicle pedestrian sensing module is a switch output, it can detect whether there are pedestrians or vehicles ahead by judging the level of its output voltage. The fuzzy language variable of the information c of pedestrians and vehicles on the road is: {E: moving people or vehicles (the output voltage of the sensor is high), N: people or vehicles without motion (the output voltage of the sensor is low)}, its fuzzy domain c={c|c=0||c=1}, information about pedestrians and vehicles on the road The membership function adopts the Sigmoid type, and the fuzzy input obtained by it is set as C.
本方法主要研究快速路和主干道的照明，根据道路照明标准规范，这类道路夜晚平均照度应为25lx，照度值在15～30lx之间均为正常照度范围，照度值超过30lx为过亮状态，照度值在5～15lx为微暗状态，照度值低于5lx为过暗状态。预先对LED路灯的输出功率进行区间划分与道路的照度值相对应，灯杆高度设置为8～10米，路灯输出功率为110～140W(W是功率的单位)所对应的道路照度值为30～40lx，路灯输出功率为70～110W所对应的道路照度值为15～30lx，路灯输出功率为40～70W所对应的道路照度值为5～15lx，路灯输出功率为0～40W所对应的道路照度值为0～5lx，于是在路灯当前输出功率p的模糊论域p＝{p|0≤p≤140}上定义模糊语言变量：{PH(过亮)，PB(适中)，PM(微暗)，PL(过暗)}。路灯当前输出功率的隶属函数釆用三角形和梯形，设其得到的模糊输入量为P。This method mainly studies the lighting of expressways and arterial roads. According to road lighting standards, the average illuminance of such roads at night should be 25lx, and the illuminance value between 15 and 30lx is the normal illuminance range, and the illuminance value exceeding 30lx is considered to be too bright. , The illuminance value is in the dim state when the illuminance value is 5~15lx, and the illuminance value is lower than 5lx is the too dark state. The output power of LED street lamps is divided into sections in advance corresponding to the illuminance value of the road. The height of the lamp pole is set to 8-10 meters, and the output power of the street lamp is 110-140W (W is the unit of power). The corresponding road illuminance value is 30 ～40lx, the street lamp output power is 70～110W, the corresponding road illumination value is 15～30lx, the street lamp output power is 40～70W, the corresponding road illumination value is 5～15lx, and the street lamp output power is 0～40W, corresponding to the road The illuminance value is 0~5lx, so the fuzzy language variables are defined on the fuzzy domain p={p|0≤p≤140} of the current output power p of the street lamp: {PH (overbright), PB (moderate), PM (micro dark), PL (too dark)}. The membership function of the current output power of the street lamp adopts triangle and trapezoid, and the fuzzy input obtained by it is set as P.
(3)模糊推理：对上述获得的两个模糊输入量根据模糊控制规则进行模糊推理，以获得对应的模糊输出量。(3) Fuzzy reasoning: Perform fuzzy reasoning on the two fuzzy input quantities obtained above according to the fuzzy control rules to obtain the corresponding fuzzy output quantities.
同样采用Mamdani模糊推理法建立其模糊规则，基于路面行人、车辆情况信息c的模糊输入量C及路灯当前输出功率p的模糊输入量P的模糊规则表如图8所示，模糊输出量为路灯亮度等级变化，设其获得的模糊输出量为Y。Also use the Mamdani fuzzy reasoning method to establish its fuzzy rules. The fuzzy rule table based on the fuzzy input C of the road pedestrian and vehicle situation information c and the fuzzy input P of the current output power p of the street lamp is shown in Figure 8. The fuzzy output is street lamp The brightness level changes, and the fuzzy output obtained by it is set to be Y.
(4)模糊判决：对上述的模糊输出量Y进行模糊决策获得模糊控制输出量，根据模糊控制输出量转换而来的实际路灯控制量来控制路灯的亮度等级。(4) Fuzzy judgment: Fuzzy decision is made on the above fuzzy output Y to obtain fuzzy control output, and the brightness level of street lamps is controlled according to the actual street lamp control amount converted from the fuzzy control output.
其中，模糊决策方法同样采用重心法，设对模糊输出量Y进行模糊决策得到的值为模糊控制输出量y，y的模糊语言变量为：{YH(大)，YB(中)，YM(微中)，YL(小)}，其模糊论域y＝{y|0≤y≤10}，分为11个亮度等级，输出功率范围是30％～100％线性调节。YH表示路灯调至8～10级(即路灯输出功率为80％～100％)，YB表示路灯调至5～7级(即路灯输出功率为50％～80％)，YM表示路灯调至2～4级(即路灯输出功率为30％～50％)，YL表示路灯调至0～1级(即路灯输出功率为0％～30％)，输出隶属函数采用三角形。Among them, the fuzzy decision-making method also adopts the center-of-gravity method, and the value obtained by fuzzy decision-making on the fuzzy output quantity Y is the fuzzy control output quantity y, and the fuzzy language variables of y are: {YH (large), YB (medium), YM (micro Middle), YL (small)}, its fuzzy universe y={y|0≤y≤10}, divided into 11 brightness levels, the output power range is 30% ~ 100% linear adjustment. YH indicates that the street lamp is adjusted to level 8~10 (that is, the output power of the street lamp is 80%~100%), YB indicates that the street lamp is adjusted to level 5~7 (that is, the output power of the street lamp is 50%~80%), and YM indicates that the street lamp is adjusted to 2 ~Level 4 (that is, the output power of the street lamp is 30% to 50%), YL means that the street lamp is adjusted to level 0 to 1 (that is, the output power of the street lamp is 0% to 30%), and the output membership function adopts a triangle.
采用车流量模糊控制方法实现的技术效果是：实现车辆前行方向路灯保持全亮状态，车辆经过后的路灯再恢复至一个较暗的等级，使系统最终达到在满足路灯照明需求的情况下节约电能的效果。The technical effect achieved by using the fuzzy control method of traffic flow is: the street lights in the forward direction of the vehicle can be kept fully bright, and the street lights after the vehicle passes by can be restored to a darker level, so that the system can finally achieve energy saving while meeting the lighting requirements of the street lights. The effect of electricity.
以上所述实施例是为了说明和例证的目的，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments are for the purpose of illustration and illustration, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610939533.5ACN106507536A (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2016-10-31 | A lighting system and method for fuzzy control of street lamps in different time periods based on environmental data |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610939533.5ACN106507536A (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2016-10-31 | A lighting system and method for fuzzy control of street lamps in different time periods based on environmental data |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106507536Atrue CN106507536A (en) | 2017-03-15 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610939533.5APendingCN106507536A (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2016-10-31 | A lighting system and method for fuzzy control of street lamps in different time periods based on environmental data |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20170315 |