The priority for the U.S. patent applications 14/495,547 that patent application claims September in 2014 is submitted on the 24th, it is desirable thatOn 2 24th, the 2014 U.S. temporary patent applications No.61/943,799 submitted and the U.S. submitted on May 30th, 2014 faceWhen patent application 62,005,095 equity, entire contents are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
Specific implementation mode
In described below, in order to illustrate illustrating many concrete details in order to provide the reality of invention as described hereinApply the comprehensive understanding of example.However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that without these details, it is possible to implement these and itsHis embodiment is obvious.In other instances, not in detail, but very known circuit, structure are shown with block diagramAnd technology, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the understanding of this description.
In this description with reference to " one embodiment " or " embodiment " refer in conjunction with the embodiments described special characteristic, structure orCharacteristic includes at least one embodiment of the present invention.Different places differs " in one embodiment " in this description of termSurely refer to the same embodiment.
It, in the accompanying drawings can be with repeat reference numerals to indicate corresponding or similar element to simplify and understanding example.It illustratesMany details are to provide the understanding of embodiment as described herein.Without these details, example can also be implemented.In other examplesIn, very well known method, process and component are not described in detail to avoid the example is obscured.This description is not to be construed asLimit exemplary range as described herein.
Capacitance
Capacitor is constituted by two conductive plates that the space of filled dielectric material separates.It is provided by following equatioies big by twoPlate made of capacitor capacitance (farad) C：
Wherein, A is the area (m being overlapped between two conductive plates2), d is the distance between two conductive plates (m), εrIt is twoThe dielectric constant and ε of material between a conductive plate0It is dielectric constant (ε0≈8.854×10-12F·m-1).In addition, along twoThe edge capacitance at the edge of a adjacent plate and the total capacitance between them are added.
In one embodiment, conductive plate can be common metallic plate (such as copper electrode).In another embodiment, it leadsBattery plate can be formed by transparent conductive material (such as tin indium oxide, " ITO "), silver or carbon ink or metal grill.In another implementationIn example, conductive plate can be the finger or palm of people.The conductive plate of capacitor can be served as by capableing of any material of conduction.
Capacitor can store the charge for the other parts that can be transmitted to circuit.It is provided by following equatioies and is stored by capacitorCharge (coulomb) q：
Q=CV, (2)
Wherein, C is the capacitance of the capacitor provided in equation (1) and edge capacitance and V are between two conductive platesVoltage difference.
Capacitance can be measured as self-capacitance, i.e., single conductive plate (electrode) and the capacitance being used as around the second battery plate,Or be measured as mutual capacitance, i.e., the capacitance between two specific conductive plates.It can be because being led close to the other of the conductive plate in testBattery plate, the presence of such as finger change oneself and mutual capacitance.For this description, conductive plate is known as " electrode " or " sensor ".This is notIt is intended to be limited to circuit, but describes the conductive plate of capacitor with different terms.In addition, although in order to create the mesh of capacitor, finger is conductive plate, but can be not referred to as " electrode " or " sensor ".Although in described below, finger is used to generationThe conductive body that table is sensed by capacitance sensor and measuring circuit, but other conductive bodies can also be used.
Sensor is constituted
Figure 1A shows according to one embodiment, the expression of the self-capacitance in system 101.Electrode 110 can be arranged in substrateOn 115.According to equation (1), capacitance 117 can reside between electrode 110 and at least one another electrode 112.In a realityIt applies in example, electrode 110 and 112 can be formed by copper.In another embodiment, electrode 110 and 112 can be by electrically conducting transparent materialThe formation of material, such as tin indium oxide (ITO).In another embodiment, electrode 110 and 112 can by silver or carbon ink, metal grill orAnother conductive material is formed.In one embodiment, substrate 115 can be glass.In another embodiment, substrate 115 can be withIt is plastic foil (such as poly terephthalic acid, " PET " or some other polycarbonate), flexible printed circuit board material, or rigidityPrinted circuit board material (such as FR4).Substrate 115 can be individual course or can be bigger, a part for integrated system, as followsShown in Fig. 7 A and 7B.Although capacitance 117 is shown as between electrode 110 and the electrode 112 for being coupled to ground voltage potential, abilityDomain ordinarily skilled artisan will understand that can exist to capacitance between electrode 110 and 112 with any voltage potential, and should notSeek grounding connection.In addition, although only showing the capacitive coupling between electrode 110 and 112, electrode 110 can be capacitively coupledTo unshowned circuit element in Figure 1A.
Figure 1B shows the expression of the mutual capacitance in system 102 according to one embodiment.Including multiple diamond elementsOne electrode 120 can be arranged along first axle on substrate (not shown).Second electrode 122 including multiple diamond elements can be withIt is arranged along the second axis.In one embodiment, there are mutual capacitance 127 at the intersection 125 of electrode 120 and 122.
In different embodiments, electrode 120 and 122 can be by copper, the transparent conductive material of such as ITO, silver or carbon ink, goldThe combination for belonging to grid or other conductive materials or conductive material is formed.Substrate (for example, see the substrate 115 of Figure 1A), in differenceCan be glass, plastic foil (such as poly terephthalic acid, " PET " or some other polycarbonate), flexible printing in embodimentCircuit board material or printed circuit board material (such as FR4).In addition, in embodiment, substrate can be individual course or canTo be a part for bigger, integrated system, shown in following Fig. 7 A and 7B.In one embodiment, electrode 120 and 122 can be setIt sets on two different substrates being mutually bonded.In other embodiments, electrode 120 and 122 can be arranged in same substrateOn both sides or can be arranged on the homonymy of substrate and by between electrode 120 and 122 each element and be arranged in dielectricJumper above material forms the connection for electrode 120 or electrode 122.
Fig. 1 C according to another embodiment, show another expression of the mutual capacitance in system 103.First electrode 130 is along firstAxis is arranged on substrate (such as substrate 115 of Figure 1A).Second electrode 132 can be arranged along the second axis.In one embodiment,Electrode 130 and 132 can be with bar shaped.In another embodiment, electrode 130 and 132 can have based on the more complicated of bar shaped keynoteStructure.In the infall of electrode 130 and 132, may exist mutual capacitance 137.In one embodiment, electrode 130 and 132 canTo be formed by copper.In another embodiment, electrode 130 and 132 can be formed by transparent conductive material, such as ITO.In another realityIt applies in example, electrode 110 and 112 can be formed by silver or carbon ink, metal grill or another conductive material.
Position (the example of one or more conductive bodies on or near surface can be detected using mutual capacitance 127 and 137Such as Fig. 6 A to 6E).Setting with touch-surface can be detected using mutual capacitance array (description of Fig. 2A and 2B for seeing below)One or more conductive bodies on standby edge.In one embodiment, the edge residing for conductive body can be perpendicular toThe surface of the substrate of electrode is set, as shown in Figure 7 A.
In different embodiments, electrode 130 and 132 can be by copper, transparent conductive material, such as tin indium oxide (ITO), silverOr the combination of carbon ink, metal grill or other conductive materials or conductive material is formed.In different embodiments, substrate (such as is joinedSee the substrate 115 of Figure 1A) can be glass, plastic foil (such as PET or some other polycarbonate), flexible printed circuit board materialMaterial or printed circuit board material (such as FR4).In addition, in embodiment, substrate can be individual course or can be biggerIntegrated system a part, such as shown in figure below 7A and 7B.In one embodiment, electrode 130 and 132 can be arranged in phaseOn two different substrates being mutually bonded.In other embodiments, electrode 130 and 132 can be arranged on the both sides of same substrateOr can be arranged on the homonymy of substrate and by between electrode 130 and 132 each element and be arranged on the dielectric materialThe jumper of side forms the connection for electrode 130 or electrode 132.
Fig. 2A shows the electrod-array 202 similar with Figure 1B.The first multiple electrodes 220 including multiple diamond elements canTo be arranged on substrate (not shown) along first axle.The second multiple electrodes 222 including multiple diamond elements can be along secondAxis is disposed on the substrate.Feature 225 indicates the intersection between the first multiple electrodes 220 and the second multiple electrodes 222.FromThe infall of the electrode of one multiple electrodes 220 and the electrode from the second multiple electrodes 222, there are mutual capacitance (such as Figure 1BMutual capacitance 127).The mutual capacitance region can be described as the unit cell 229 of electrod-array 202.Unit cell is present in eachInfall and can be used for detect conductive body position or detection along touch screen enable equipment marginal existence at least oneA conductive body, as shown in Fig. 7 A, 11 and 16.
Fig. 2 B show the electrod-array 203 similar with Fig. 1 C.First multiple electrodes 230 can be arranged along first axle in substrateOn (not shown).Second multiple electrodes 232 can be disposed on the substrate along the second axis.In one embodiment, 230 He of electrode232 can be bar shaped.In another embodiment, electrode 230 and 232 can have the more complicated structure based on bar shaped keynote.It is specialIt writes 235 and intersection between first multiple electrodes 230 and the second multiple electrodes 232 is shown.It is similar with Fig. 2A, from more than firstThere are mutual capacitance for the infall of the electrode of electrode 230 and electrode from the second multiple electrodes 232, and the mutual capacitance region canTo be described as the unit cell 239 of electrod-array 203.Unit cell is present in each infall and can be used for detecting conductionAt least one conductive body of marginal existence for the equipment that the position of object or detection are enabled along touch screen, such as the institute of Fig. 7 A, 11 and 16Show.
Unit cell 229 and 239 and their measurement capacitance can be used for detecting one on or near surface orThe position (such as Fig. 6 A to 6E) of multiple conductive bodies, or can be used for self-capacitance measuring circuit (such as the channel of Figure 10320) calibration signal or bias current are provided.Cell array can be used for detecting one of the edge of the equipment with touch-surfaceOr multiple conductive bodies.In one embodiment, the edge residing for conductive body can be perpendicular to the substrate of setting electrodeSurface, as shown in Figure 7 A.
Unit cell 229 and 239 can geometrically be conceptualized as the minimum unit segmented.The minimum of measurement i.e. on arrayRepeatable unit.It can also be by stating that the every bit in unit cell is used as the center phase of any other unit cell with itThan closer to the center (center of the intersection between electrode on not coaxial) of that unit cell, generalities unit cell 229With 239.Unit cell 229 and 239 can functionally be conceptualized as array 202 and 203 original resolution.I.e., it is possible to identifyPer a line and row, and position is defined on each row and column.It is discrete there are 108 to the rectangular array with 12 row and 9 rowsPosition.Due to being arranged there are unit cell 229 between the 7th row (from upper number) and the 6th row (from left number) and in the 6th row and the 6thBetween infall there are unit cells 239, the original resolution based on array 202 and 203, their position can respectively refer toIt is set to 6,7 and 6,6.Unit cell 229 and 239 can be conceptualized as array pixel, wherein each pixel can be with designated positionWith that location-specific measurable magnitude.In figure below 6A and 6B, the example of unit cell explained based on pixel is provided.UnitUnit 229 and 239 is referred to as " node ", wherein each intersection of row and column electrode is the node of array.
Capacitance sensing
Fig. 3 A show one embodiment of capacitance measurement circuit 301.It can be in electrode 110 as shown in Figure 1A and groundBetween, form 310 (C of self capacitance sensors).The ungrounded side of self capacitance sensor 310 may be coupled to capacitance measurement circuit 301Pin 312.It can be using switching network 315 come by alternately making self capacitance sensor 310 be charged to voltage (VDD) and willElectric current is generated on the charge discharge of accumulation to integrating condenser 322, integrating condenser 322 can be the part in channel 320.The electric current from switching network 315 and self capacitance sensor 310 can be provided by following equatioies：
Wherein, the equivalent resistance of switching network 315 and self capacitance sensor 310 is provided by following equatioies：
Wherein, C is provided by equation (2)sAnd f is the switching frequency of switch SW1 and SW2.Switching network 315 and integralCapacitor 322 is may be coupled to reference voltage (VREF) operational amplifier 324 input with allow gradually linear-charging accumulateDivide capacitor 322.The voltage that 322 both ends of integrating condenser can be measured by analog-digital converter (ADC) 326, is divided by process block 330Analyse its output.After the voltage for measuring 322 both ends of integrating condenser by ADC 326, can integrating condenser be reset by switch SW3The voltage at 322 both ends allows new measurement.
Fig. 3 B show one embodiment of mutual capacitance measuring circuit 302.Can two electrodes (the 120 of Figure 1B and 122,130 and the infall 132) of Fig. 1 C forms 311 (C of mutual capacitance sensorsM), also there is 318 (C of parasitic capacitanceP).Mutual capacitance passesEach plate of sensor 311 may be coupled to the pin of mutual capacitance measuring circuit 302.First pin 313 may be coupled to signal hairRaw device (TX) 316 and second pin 314 may be coupled to channel 320.The alternating voltage of signal generator 316 can generate fromElectric current of the mutual capacitance sensors 311 to the integrating condenser 322 in channel 320.In one embodiment, it can be surveyed by ADC 326The voltage for measuring 322 both ends of integrating condenser analyzes its output by process block 330.Integrating condenser 322 is being measured by ADC 326After the voltage at both ends, can new measurement be allowed by the voltage at 322 both ends of switch SW4 resetting integrating condensers.In another implementationIn example, the electric current from mutual capacitance sensors 311 can be used to bias the input of self-capacitance measuring circuit 301, with Fig. 3 A institutesShow similar.The bigger that the bias provided by mutual capacitance induced current can provide the combination of integrating condenser 322 and ADC 326 is movedState range.
The channel 320 of Fig. 3 A and 3B shown in although include operational amplifier (324) and ADC (326), the skill of this fieldArt personnel, which will be appreciated that, there is many ways in which that the embodiment come the voltage and Fig. 3 A and 3B that measure integrating circuit is intended as exampleRather than it limits.For example, ADC 326 can be substituted to have by comparator and by the counting mechanism of the output gating of comparatorClose the expression of the capacitance of integrating circuit.In this embodiment, the number of the counting from counting mechanism can indicate to keep integral electricRoad is charged to the time needed for the reference voltage of comparator.Larger charging current can generate more charging quickly integrating circuit and lowerCount value.
If capacitance measurement circuit shown in such as Fig. 3 A and 3B can individually or with the capacitance that measures multiple input respectivelyDry example is realized on integrated circuit (IC) together.
Fig. 4 A are shown according to one embodiment for measuring multiple capacitances 411.1 to the circuit 401 of 411.N.In circuitIn 401, four capacitances 411.1 to 411.N may be coupled to the pin 414.1 of sensing IC405 to 414.N.Each mutual capacitance411.1 to 411.N may be coupled to channel 320.1 passes through to 320.N and channel 320.1 to the output of each of 320.NMultiplexer 410 is coupled to process block 330.
Fig. 4 B according to another embodiment, are shown for measuring multiple capacitances 411.1 to the circuit 402 of 411.N.In circuitIn 402, four capacitances 411.1 to 411.N may be coupled to the pin 414.1 of sensing IC405 to 414.N.Each capacitance 411.1The input of multiplexer 410 is may be coupled to 411.N, output may be coupled to channel 320.The output in channel 320 can be with couplingClose process block 330.
The logic of single channel of Fig. 4 A and 4B examples for each channel of each capacitance or for all capacitances is extreme.However, in another embodiment, the various combination of the circuit of Fig. 4 A and 4B may be implemented.For example, multiple channels 320 can coupleTo mutual capacitance 411.In one embodiment, capacitance can be evenly distributed in all available channels.In another embodiment,Unevenly the capacitance measured on pins more than other channels can be can be configured as in distribution capacity, certain channels.In addition,Although four capacitances of Fig. 4 A and 4B example, pin or channel, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that can use be more than orLess than four.In addition, depend on design requirement, capacitance, pin and the quantity in channel can be identical or can be different.
Capacitance 411.1 is coupled to pin 414.1 to the opposite signals of 414.N to generate channel 320 to 411.NElectric current inputs, and indicates the capacitance measured, as described in Figure 3.In another embodiment, capacitance 411.1 is coupled to 411.NSignal is to generate the electric current of the calibration for circuit 401 and 402.
Although Fig. 4 A and 4B example multiplexers, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that configuration multiple switch to holdThe row function similar with multiplexer.Capacitance 411.1 to 411.N be coupled to channel 320 mechanism or channel 320.1 to 320.N such asIt is only example that, which is coupled to the expression of process block 330 by multiplexer, it is not intended to which the description is limited to specific circuit element.
Processing
Fig. 5 shows one embodiment of touch-screen system 501.Touch screen 510 can pass through (such as Fig. 3 A of pin 414312, the 414 of 313 and 314 and Fig. 4 A and 4B of Fig. 3 B), it is coupled to sensing IC 505.Sensing IC 505 may include couplingTo the channel 320 (as shown in Figure 2 A and 2B) of the touch screen electrode of touch screen 510.It in one embodiment, can be by channel 320Output be sent to CPU 512 with processing (as shown in figs.3 a and 3b), then or by communication interface 516 be transmitted to host 530,Or it is stored in memory 514 and host 530 is transmitted to from memory 514 by communication interface 516.In another embodimentIn, the output in channel 320 can be stored directly in memory 514 and can be from memory (before being handled by CPU 512)514 are handled by CPU 512 and then are transmitted to host 530 by communication interface 516, or by communication interface 516, from memory514 are transmitted to host 530, intervene without CPU.Tuning and alignment routine can be stored in memory 514 and pass through tuneIt is realized by CPU 512 for humorous piece 513.Calibrating the signal from touch screen 510 by and by channel 320 can be provided with biggerThe fidelity of the capacitance measurement of signal-to-noise ratio and user's interaction.
Capacitance measurement data from channel 320 can indicate the total capacitance measured by channel 320.I.e., it is possible to by Figure 1AThe capacitance of self-capacitance or mutual capacitance to 1C is converted into digital value.Digital value may include parasitic capacitance (the 318 of Fig. 3 A and 3B)And the capacitance without (the 311 of Fig. 3 B) and conductive body or gesture of original mutual capacitance existing for finger.It can be subtracted from measured valueParasitic capacitance as baseline and original mutual capacitance generate the difference for indicating the capacitance from conductive body or finger.It can be byProcess block 330 analyzes difference to determine whether conductive body interacts close to array and advanced level user.
CPU 512 or host 530 can further use capacitance and/or difference is come along the edge of touch screen 510, detection oneThe activation of a or multiple virtual-sensors 540.It is not especially to refer to the touch screen that the activation of virtual-sensor, which may be used to determine,Fixed user's interaction.
Quantity difference 601 of Fig. 6 A examples for the intersection 611 of multiple mutual capacitance of mutual capacitance induction arrays.Quantity difference601 can be by for example for per unit unit (the 239 of 229 and Fig. 2 B of Fig. 2A) or mutual capacitance CMThe channel of 311 (Fig. 3 B)The original value of 320 (Fig. 3 B) obtains.In one embodiment, quantity difference can be the original count value exported from channel 320Difference between baseline value.In one embodiment, baseline value can globally be stored to entire array.In another embodimentIn, baseline value can be stored individually to each intersection.In another embodiment, each sensor on touch screen can be depended onPosition, the noiseproof feature of single sensor, other design limitations, to multigroup sensor store baseline value.In one embodimentIn, baseline value can be determined during exploitation.In another embodiment, baseline value can be calculated or can touched on startupDuring the operation of screen update with consider touch screen electrode experience noise variation, touch screen physical change (heat, humidity etc.) orOther offset sources of output channel (such as channel 320).
The quantity difference 601 of Fig. 6 A can be graphically shown as to the thermal map 602 of Fig. 6 B.Each unit of thermal map 602 is mutualThe shade of capacitance 601 can indicate the quantity difference 601 of Fig. 6 A.Darker unit can indicate mutual capacitance electrode and conductive bodyBigger capacitive coupling and mutual capacitance electrode itself between smaller capacitive coupling.For a clear description, table shown in Fig. 6 BShow and is used for subsequent figure.
The example of peak detection scheme 603 of Fig. 6 C examples based on the data from Fig. 6 A and 6B.Peak detection scheme 603It can will compare those of around per unit unit (the 239 of 229 and Fig. 2 B of Fig. 2A) or mutual capacitance 611 (Fig. 6 A and 6B) and itCompared with.Can by with maximum difference unit cell or mutual capacitance be identified as peak value and specified identifier and position.First peak631 designated first position of value (X-axis 632 and Y-axis 634).Second peak value 635 is designated the second position (X-axis 636 and Y-axis638).When peak value sensor 631 and 625 is located at the edge of array, virtual-sensor can be activated, such as the institutes of Figure 11 and 16Show.
The example of Fig. 6 D examples centroid calculation 604, wherein limit and handle the sensor array around each peak value.It can25 unit cells including surrounding are limited to use first peak value 631 and including the unit cell at the first peak value 631First array 641.Second peak value 635 can be used for limiting 25 unit cells including surrounding and include the second of peak value 631Array 645.The value of the first array 641 and the second array 645 can be handled to be based on being included in per an array (641 and 645)Value, find the centre of form or barycenter of conductive body.Although showing in figure 6d and describing symmetrical 5 × 5 array with reference to figure 6D,In different embodiments, array can have different dimensions, therefore different multiple unit cells.These different embodiments can wrapInclude 3 × 3,4 × 4 and bigger array.Array can be able to be offset in centralized positioning peak value or peak value.In addition, array can be withIt is asymmetric, more line numbers or columns or irregular, wherein each row or column can have different multiple unit cells.
Fig. 6 E show, when no virtual-sensor is confirmed as activation, to be counted by the first and second arrays 641 and 645 of Fig. 6 DThe example for first and second centres of form 651 and 655 calculated.
Fig. 6 F show to move past two conductive bodies 661 and 665 and their position of touch screen by track 663 and 667 respectivelyThe example set.
Fig. 7 A show one embodiment of the touch screen overlay of touch-screen system 501 (coming from Fig. 5).Touch screen overlay 701It may include display 740.Above display 740, sensor layer 750 can be set.In sensor layer 750 and conductive materialBetween such as finger, coating 760 can be arranged in body.
Although being shown as sensor layer 750 on the same layer of substrate, this is only example.In one embodiment, it passesSensor layer 750 can be arranged in the bottom of coating 760, and in touch screen overlay 701, the number of plies is reduced to 2 from 3.AnotherIn embodiment, sensor layer 750 can be arranged in the top of display 740, also remove layer from touch screen overlay 701.AnotherIn one embodiment, one or two of the electrode on sensor layer 750 can be shown in different depth setting in displayAxis.For example, sensor layer 750 can be implemented as the mixing in unit, on unit or in unit and on unit.In addition, sensorLayer 750 can share certain electrodes with display 740.
Use the electrode on sensor layer 750, it may be determined that the activation of virtual-sensor 765.In one embodiment, may be usedVirtual-sensor 765 to be expressed as to the activation in the plane substantially perpendicular to the plane (sensor layer 750) of setting electrodeArea.
According to one embodiment, touch screen overlay 701 is shown in the touch-screen system 702 of Fig. 7 B.Touch screen/display705 (touch screen overlays 701 for being similar to Fig. 7 A) may be coupled to touch controller 710 and display controller/driver 715.Touch controller 710 can be configured as sensing self-capacitance (Fig. 3 A) or mutual capacitance (Fig. 3 B) or both.Touch controller 710Output can be sent to application processor 730.Touch controller 710 can be additionally configured to receive from application processor 730Instruction and data.The information that application processor 730 can be transmitted to by touch controller 710 may include every on arrayFollowing data of the conductive body of one identification：
How long detection phase-touch on the touchscreen (scans number) if having existed；
On X-axis position-array, along the position of the trunnion axis of conductive body；
On Y-axis position-array, along the position of the vertical axis of conductive body；
Z axis intensity-touch intensity can indicate that the size of conductive body or conductive body press to the pressure of touch-surfacePower；
Elliptical long axis of the contact area long axis length-centered on the position of the conductive body on array；
Elliptical short axle of the contact area minor axis length-centered on the position of the conductive body on array；
The angle of elliptical long axis of the contact area long axis angle-centered on the position of the conductive body on array(from longitudinal)
Contact to earth/lift-off rebound-be to the detected whether rebound (or lag) and/or detection of the conductive body on arrayIt is no rebound in/in rebound where
Conductive body identification-touch type (finger of baldness, glove finger, felt pen, hovering, close etc.)；
The conductive body of the big conductive body of conductive body size-or regular size；
Mark, position and the signal grade of virtual-sensor state of activation-various activities virtual-sensor, and
Gesture (is discussed in greater detail) with reference to figure 8A to 8G.
Application processor 730 may be coupled to display controller/driver 715 to control in touch screen/display 705The content of display.
Fig. 8 A examples are when being interpreted single-tap gesture, the example of the capacitance measurement data for single conductive body.FigureThe detection of conductive body in 8A is illustrated as the digital ON/OFF or high/low of the conductive body on capacitance sensor.Click gesture810 can be detected as detecting the presence of conductive body, and 811 are touched to define first it is then detected that existing to no conductive body.Double-clicking gesture 812 can be detected as detecting the presence of conductive body, it is then detected that existing to no conductive body to define first811 are touched, then, at the appointed time, detects the second touch 813.It clicks and drag gesture 814 can be detected as detectingTo there are conductive bodies, then detects that no conductive body exists and touch 811 to define first, then before the deadline,Detect the second touch 815.When second, which touches, keeps on the touch surface and move past on the surface, click and drag gestureCursor that can also be on mobile display.
Fig. 8 B to 8E show the example of the gesture of the detection based on two conductive bodies.In one embodiment, conductive materialBody 821 and 823 rotates gesture 802 to generate clockwise or counterclockwise to be moved around the circus movement of some central points.AnotherIn embodiment, conductive body 821 and 823 can be moved towards one another along substantial linear path with generation " pinching " or " diminution " gesture803.In another embodiment, conductive body 821 and 823 can be located remotely from each other along substantially line route move with generation " expandGreatly " or " amplification " gesture 804.In another embodiment, conductive body 821 and 823 can be moved along substantially parallel path withGenerate " unenhanced " gesture 805.
Fig. 8 F and 8G show the gesture of the detection based on the single contact for moving past capacitance sensing array.In one embodimentIn, conductive body 821 can be substantially vertically to move linearly with generation " the next item down " gesture 806.In another embodiment, it leadsElectric object 821 can be to move, clockwise or counterclockwise to generate scrolling gesture 807 around the circus movement of certain points.
The gesture of Fig. 8 A and 8C-8F can be detected on virtual-sensor to realize other functionality, and it is straight to be not necessarily to userContact touch screen.In different embodiments, tap, double-click and roll/it is unenhanced can be used for control different interfaces, such as camera(Figure 18-20).
Fig. 9 shows sensing touch screen array and determines one embodiment of the method 901 suitably shown.First in step910, detect capacitance.Step 910 can correspond to self-capacitance measure or mutual capacitance measure and can use similar to Fig. 3 A orSensing circuit described in 3B.In other embodiments, other self-capacitances or mutual capacitance method for sensing can be used.In step 920,Baseline can be created using original capacitance value.Then, in step 930, baseline value can be subtracted from original capacitance value to generateDifference (as shown in Figure 6A).In one embodiment, the calibration parameter constituted for hardware can be determined using difference.CalibrationParameter may include each unit cell of coupling (such as 229 and 239 of Fig. 2A and 2B respectively) with drive signal so that will biasElectric current is supplied to the number conversion (such as Figure 10 hereafter) of measurable capacitance.It, can will be from step 930 in step 940Difference is with threshold value comparison to determine that conductive body whether there is on the array for being enough to handle.If difference is higher than threshold value, in stepRapid 950 detection conductive body.In one embodiment, detection conductive body can be by identifying peak value as shown in Figure 6 C.If the edge in array recognizes peak value, in step 960, it may be determined that virtual-sensor activity.As an alternative, in step970, it can be by the position of each conductive body on capacitance computing array.In one embodiment, as with reference to figure 6D and 6EIt is described, it can be with calculating position.In step 980.Can each conductive body on tracking array at any time position it is every to detectThe movement (or without motion) of one conductive body, as fig 6 f illustrates.Finally, in block 990, depositing for each conductive body can be monitored, be not present and position and be used for detection gesture, as shown in Fig. 8 A to 8G.
In one embodiment, the entire method 901 of Fig. 9 can be completed by the touch controller 710 of Fig. 7.In another realityIt applies in example, it can be by ppu, the different step of 730 Method Of Accomplishment 901 of application processor of such as Fig. 7.In the implementationIn example, data can be transmitted to/from touch controller 710 by the communication interface 516 of Fig. 5.The information for being transmitted to host can be withIt is stored in memory (such as memory 514) or (such as CPU 512) is transmitted through the processing unit.In another embodiment,Other processing step can be completed by touch controller 710 or application processor 730, and is executing side shown in Fig. 9The result of those steps is used in the step of method 901.
Virtual-sensor
In different embodiments, the subset of electrode or unit cell can be used for creating by display and sensor layer750 limit sensing areas edge outside or on virtual push button.To self-capacitance touch screen, along the periphery of display and sensor layerThe electrode of setting can be used for finger or other conducting elements on the side of detection device.Figure 10 A are shown with diamond memberThe array of the electrode 1001 of part, it is similar with shown in Fig. 2A.Can use diamond element top row 1014 and bottom row 1016 andLeft column 1011 and right row 1012 detect the finger of the user along the side of touch panel device.If the row or column at center is (respectively1015 or 1011) to detect the presence of conductive body, the finger of such as user, it may be determined that the position of that object.
Figure 10 B show that as shown in Figure 10 A the array of the electrode 1002 with diamond sensor element removes the every of electrodeOne be configured as measure diamond element top and bottom row and each row between and diamond element left and right row with it is eachOutside mutual capacitance between row.The mutual capacitance of each intersection can be interpreted as corresponding to the unit cell limited by that intersection1020.Then, it is detected along the side of touch panel device or along display using the mutual capacitance of the unit cell of measurement (or intersection)The finger or hand of the user at the edge of device or measurement zone.
Figure 10 C show with as shown in Figure 2 B, the array of strip electrode 1003.Just as Figure 10 B, measure top and bottom electrode withMutual capacitance between each row electrode and between left and right electrode and every a line electrode.The mutual capacitance of each intersection can be explainedFor corresponding to the unit cell 1020 limited by that intersection.Then come using the mutual capacitance of the unit cell (or intersection) measuredDetect the finger or hand of the user along the side of touch panel device or along display or the edge of measurement zone.
Figure 11 shows one embodiment with the array 1100 in the near the perimeter of virtual-sensor of array.It is assigned to voidThe value of quasi- sensor can correspond to the capacitance measured in adjacent row or column.For exemplary purposes, mutual capacitance unit cell is shown1030, such as those of Figure 10 C unit cells.Virtual-sensor can be assigned to the axis corresponding to touch panel device and sideGroup.First group 1110 of virtual-sensor 1112.1-1112.N can correspond to left vertical edge.Virtual-sensor 1122.1-Second group 1120 of 1122.N can correspond to right vertical edge.The third group 1130 of virtual-sensor 1132.1-1132.N canTo correspond to top horizontal edge.The 4th group 1140 of virtual-sensor 1142.1-1142.N can correspond to dolly straight edge.It canTo use the sensor of periphery or the value of each of unit cell (such as 1030 from Figure 10 C) along array to refer to valueSurely each of virtual-sensor is arrived.The Figure 16 that see below, according to one embodiment, value is assigned to for mutual capacitance by descriptionThe method of the virtual-sensor of touch screen.To self-capacitance array, the value for being assigned to virtual-sensor can be used for being touched by fingerAnd with the row or column on movable column or row the same side.That is, if left sensor activity, the value of movable row can be specifiedVirtual-sensor on to the left side of display, corresponding to movable row.It similarly, can be by phase if right sensor activityIt is assigned to the virtual-sensor on the right side of display with value.The Figure 15 that see below, according to one embodiment, description is used for willThe method that value is assigned to the virtual-sensor for self-capacitance touch screen.
Figure 12 shows how the virtual-sensor of Figure 11 is used in physical device, an implementation on such as cell phone 1201Example.Virtual-sensor can be assigned to first group 1210 along the left side of equipment or second group 1220 along the right side of equipment,It is assumed that having sufficiently small distance between the edge and the edge of equipment of sensing array.The edge of array and the edge of equipment itBetween have in the region of too big distance, virtual-sensor can also be assigned to the sensing surface of equipment.For example, can be in third groupIn 1230, the top along viewing area 1202, or at least one 4th group 1240.1 or 1240.2, the bottom along viewing area,Limit first group of virtual-sensor.In this composition, the sensitivity of sensing array can be made to expand to outside viewing area to realizeIn addition functionality, such as mechanical button or touch-sensitive button instead of being typically implemented as individually entering.
Figure 13 A show on the either side of array there is the embodiment of the array 1301 of virtual-sensor.In the reality of Figure 13It applies in example, void can be used for provide using the value of the row of at least more than one from unit cell (1330.7 and 1330.8)The capacitance of quasi- sensor.That is, activation multiple row unit cell still generates the implantation of the value for virtual-sensor, and therewithThe position of the activation of associated button or other interface elements contact with screen sheet.In alternative embodiment, ifIt is implanted into virtual-sensor, then does not know the position of the contact with screen sheet.To self-capacitance array (see Figure 10 A), can useMultiple column or row determine that finger is in the edge of array.That is, 1 or more row or column can have higher than threshold value value andController still can be with the contact on the edge of identification equipment, rather than the contact on viewing area.To mutual capacitance array (see figure10B and 10C), the unit cell closer to the center of array can be used.It can be with using the decision of single row or column or more row or columnIt is context-sensitive, and can changes when certain functions of activation equipment.In addition, as shown in figure 13, touch-screen displayNot homonymy not necessarily use identical quantity electrode or unit cell.In one embodiment, on the side of touch panel deviceThe quantity of row can be twice of the other side.How these compositions can interact or on the touchscreen depending on user with equipmentThe content of display.
Figure 13 B show one embodiment of the array of unit cell 1301, similar with Figure 11 and 13A.Unit cell 1301Array per unit unit have capacitance variations value.Capacitance variations value can be calculated with the measuring circuit 302 of B according to fig. 3 simultaneouslyAnd to be handled with Fig. 6 A-F similar modes.The array of unit cell 1301 is shown with two half parts, 1351 and 1355.Half1350 show to hover over the capacitance variations value of the conductive body above the array of unit cell 1301.Half 1355 illustrates that edgeThe edge of touch panel device, very close to the capacitance variations value of two conductive bodies of sensor.Half 1350 can have singlePeak value sensor 1351 is shown with capacitance variations value 54.Half 1355 can have there are two peak value sensor, 1356 Hes1357, it is respectively provided with capacitance variations value 123 and 90.Although showing two peak value sensors to half 1355, this fieldOrdinarily skilled artisan will understand that that can essentially detect more or less than 2 peak value sensors.In one embodiment, may be usedTo detect single peak value sensor.In another embodiment, 3 can be detected or with upward peak sensor.
Figure 13 C show the array of unit cell 1302, similar with from the array of unit cell 1301 of Figure 13 B, whereinIt is only shown for the unit cell of the row of peak value sensor (1351,1356 and the 1357 of Figure 13 B).It can be by closest unitUnit cell in the array of the unit cell of the vertical edge of cell array is identified as outer edge unit cell (1361).Close toThe unit cell of outer edge unit cell 1361 can be identified as middle edge unit cell 1363.Along middle edge unit listMember, the unit cell opposite with outer edge unit cell can be identified as inward flange unit cell 1365.In different embodimentsIn, the unit cell in different unit cell groups, outer, centre and interior can be held for those values by comparing, detection contactTo hovering contacts.As long as having been detected by gripping contact, the value of virtual-sensor can be implanted into and made certainly according to user's interactionIt is fixed.Hereinafter, the embodiment of detection gripping or EDGE CONTACT will be discussed how with reference to figure 15,16A and 16B.
Figure 14 shows the embodiment of array 1400, wherein can specify different virtual-sensors or virtual-sensor groupTo different buttons or function.In different embodiments, the virtual-sensor of different number can be constituted together to execute listA operation, such as button.For example, one group of four virtual-sensor 1410 can be combined activates single button to detect1412.In one embodiment, activator button 1412 can be based on any of the virtual-sensor than the value of threshold value biggerOne.In other embodiments, the summation of all virtual-sensors, the average value of all virtual-sensors or all virtual biographiesThe minimum value of sensor may be used to determine whether activator button (or some other functions of in addition selecting).In other embodimentIn, one group of four virtual-sensor can be combined to detect activation more than the region that is covered by four virtual-sensorsSmall single button 1422.In another embodiment, less virtual-sensor can be organized as smaller virtual-sensor is assigned toTo 1430.Furthermore it is possible to specify the group 1440 of their own to single virtual sensor 1442.It in other embodiments, can be withThe virtual-sensor of different number is combined to execute more complicated operation, such as sliding block.It is, for example, possible to use one group 5A virtual-sensor 1450 detects the movement along the contact for those of slider sensor 1452 virtual-sensor.Sliding block canFor volume control, brightness control, roll or require other functions more than the original resolution ratio of virtual-sensor itself.It is slidingThe control element of block sensor 1452 or button 1412,1422,1432 and 1434 can be associated with the position outside viewing area, such as(it is located in group 1210,1220,1230,1240.1 or 1240.2) shown in Figure 12.In one embodiment, these positions can edgePlane identical with capacitance sensing electrode (in the case of 1230,1240.1 and 1240.2).In another embodiment, it is showingPosition outside area can be along plane or axis vertical or different from capacitance sensing electrode, as shown in the virtual-sensor 765 of Fig. 7.
Figure 15 shows, using the virtual-sensor in self-capacitance touch screen, to determine activation side switch according to one embodimentMethod.For clarity, the virtual-sensor only on exemplary vertical edge.However, those skilled in the art will manageIt solves, similar processing can be used by the virtual-sensor on horizontal edge via the role of switching row and column.In stepRapid 1510, measure the capacitance for panel.Capacitance measurement can be to entire panel (all row and all rows), or can be with oppositeThe subset of plate, including vertical edge row.Side switch for the left side of detection activation touch panel device determines activation in step 1515Left column (" row 0 ").Digital representation and threshold value comparison by the capacitance that will be measured on row 0 determine activation row 0, if greatlyIn threshold value, it is believed that " activity ".If according to step 1515, row 0 deactivate, and in step 1525, the center of touch panel deviceOther row activity, then in step 1540, the position of the touch on touch panel device can be handled.If in step 1535, row 0Activity, and 1 activity of row, can determine contact in the edge of sensing area and calculate the position of contact.If the activity of row 0 andRow 1 are inactive, will be corresponding to the activation level of row 0 and movable row in step 1550 determination activity row, and in step 1560Value is assigned to virtual-sensor.If virtual-sensor is associated with the side switch of definition or other functions, in step 1570, activationThat side switch or function.
Figure 16 A show, using the virtual-sensor in mutual capacitance touchscreens, to determine activation side switch according to one embodimentMethod 1601.In step 1610, capacitance is measured.In step 1611, if the center (center of touch screen of the contact in touch screenIn unit cell have it is sufficiently high to be recorded as movable capacitance variations value), in step 1612, the touch of contact can be handledPosition.In step 1613, if contact not instead of on the center of touch screen, edge, in step 1630, by unit cell orThe value of intersection is assigned to virtual-sensor.If virtual-sensor is associated with the side switch of definition or other functions, in step1616, activate that side switch or function.If contactless on edge in step 1613, and in step 1611, center withoutContact is not detected contact and in step 1610, measures capacitance again in step 1615.Figure 16 B are shown for determining contactWhether on the edge of touch screen or different interactions, the method 1602 whether occurred of such as hovering.In step 1620, firstMeasure the capacitance measurement for panel.It is similar with the array of unit cell 1301 in Figure 13 B, it specifies for per unit unitValue.If in step 1621, peak value sensor (or unit cell) is located on the edge of touch screen, in step 1624, is touchingIt touches on the outer edge (see the element 1361 of Figure 13 C) of screen, identifies peak signal.In step 1621, if peak value sensor (or it is singleBit location) it is not located on the edge of touch screen, in step 1622, calculate touch location.Can with method shown in Fig. 6 A-FSimilar mode calculates touch location.In step 1624, after recognizing peak signal on the outer edge of touch screen, in block1626, identify peak signal on the inward flange of touch screen.In one embodiment, the inward flange of touch screen can be with outer edgeIt is adjacent.It in another embodiment, can be closer to the inward flange of centralized positioning touch screen, such as by 1363 He of element of Figure 13 CShown in 1365.In step 1628, it can be calculated by the peak signal on inward flange and outer edge and held ratio.In different embodimentsIn, it can calculate by operations described below and hold ratio：
By the peak signal on outer edge divided by the peak signal on inward flange；
The peak signal on inward flange is subtracted from the peak signal on outer edge；
By multiple peak signals (coming from outer edge, middle edge and inward flange), linear relationship is calculated；
By edge (coming from outer edge, middle edge and inward flange) or from except just in those of the adjacent edgesThe sensor of outer row or column or multiple peak signals of unit cell calculate non-linear relation；
It calculates between outer edge and middle edge and middle edge and inward flange or from except just attached at the edgeThe sensor of row or column outside those of close or the second order relationship of unit cell；Or
It can identify the other methods that the numerical value for measuring the variation in capacitance of multiple unit cells indicates.
In one embodiment, the inward flange of touch screen is adjacent with outer edge.In another embodiment, the inner edge of touch screenEdge can be closer to center, as shown in the element 1363 of Figure 13 C and 1365.If held than being more than threshold value, can detectHold touch panel device.It as an alternative, can be with application method in the 1614 of the step 1560 of method 1500 and method 16011602, activity sensor is identified to trigger establishment and implantation virtual-sensor.
Although method 1602 is discussed using the data of the array from unit cell 1301 about mutual capacitance and single unitUnit, detection holds contact, but in different embodiments, can combine multiple column or row of mutual capacitance unit cellAnd the summation (or average value) of the value using them holds contact or virtual-sensor activation to determine.In other embodimentsIn, it can determine that holding contact or virtual-sensor activates using self-capacitance row and column.It in such embodiments, can be by wholeThe value of row or column on body calculates and holds ratio, is similar to Figure 10 A, and can calculate Figure 16 B's by the self-capacitance value of row or columnThe gripping ratio of step 1628.
In different embodiments, virtual-sensor and sensor along the periphery of touch-screen display can be used to detectThe biological information of user.It is, for example, possible to use the virtual-sensor and sensor along the periphery of touch-screen display detect handThe size of the hand of holding equipment, the equipment is held by left hand or the right hand or whether user is just using and the same proficiency that holds the equipmentTo interact with graphic user interface (GUI).
Figure 17 A are shown in indicating pattern of the user with their left hand handheld device 1702, identify each virtual sensingThe embodiment of device.In this embodiment, respectively in pattern 1750 and 1760, the virtual-sensor 1711.1- of activation group 1710The 1721.1-1721.N of 1711.N and group 1720.In one embodiment, alone or in combination pattern 1750 and 1760 can be rightIt should be in the single left hand of bigger of operation touch-screen equipment.Therefore, the button 1780 shown on the screen can be moved on to left side withThem are made to be easier to be touched by the thumb of left hand.In another embodiment, the pattern of the electrode along the edge of equipment can be usedTo be determined as the height for the button organized or the size of button.That is, the bigger gesture on the edge of equipment indicates bigger hand,Thus allow the larger button for more readily seeing and being easier to larger hand pressing.
Figure 17 B are shown in indicating pattern of the user with their right hand handheld device 1702, identify each virtual sensingThe embodiment of device.In this embodiment, respectively in pattern 1751 and 1761, the virtual-sensor 1711.1- of activation group 1710The 1721.1-1721.N of 1711.N and group 1720.In one embodiment, alone or in combination pattern 1751 and 1761 can be rightIt should be in the single right hand of smaller of operation touch-screen equipment.Therefore, the button 17871 shown on the screen can be moved on to it is right so thatIt is smaller to be more easy to be touched by the thumb of the smaller right hand.
Figure 17 C show indicating their right hand handheld device 1702 of user, but the right hand and touch screen for passing through themIn interactive pattern, the embodiment of each virtual-sensor is identified.In this embodiment, respectively in pattern 1752,1753 andIn 1761, the 1721.1-1721.N of the virtual-sensor 1711.1-1711.N and group 1720 of activation group 1711.Implement at oneIn example, pattern 1752,1753 and 1761 alone or in combination can correspond to left hand and hold touch panel device, and individually hand withTouch screen interaction.Therefore, the button 1772 shown on the screen is located on the center of display, and makes bigger.
The example of Figure 17 A-C is intended to only show detection biological information, does not indicate that the complete list of possible feature.In different realitiesIt applies in example, virtual-sensor and sensor along the periphery of touch-screen display can be used (to pass through spy to detect specific userFixed repeat pattern), as safety equipment (solving certain compositions of lock screen by requiring virtual-sensor activity), or only permitPerhaps certain applications are opened, combine only addressable application by certain virtual-sensors and peripheral sensor.
Figure 18 shows that the touch panel device pattern of the activation by detecting certain virtual-sensors changes according to one embodimentBecome 1800.The example of Figure 18 shows to be changed to camera (or picture catching) interface 1820 from text input interface 1810.At oneIn embodiment, pattern changes can be by detecting and corresponding at least one virtual biography that touch panel device 1801 is used as to cameraThe touch panel device 1801 of the activation coupling of sensor 1840.1-1840.4, which tilts 1830, to be caused.In different embodiments, different numbersAmount and the virtual-sensor constituted can be used for detection pattern and change.In other embodiments, the virtual biography of activation can be usedThe not coactivation of sensor enters the different interfaces of touch panel device with constituting.Although camera is shown in FIG. 15, can lead toThe combination for crossing sensor input and the activation of at least one virtual-sensor, triggers other interfaces, such as file, electronics postalPart, homepage or other application.
In addition, although detecting the variation in the direction of touch panel device usually using the gyroscope of accelerometer, can adoptWith other methods, the camera on the homonymy of touch panel device is such as identified into face as display and is correspondingly aligned aobviousShow device, or detects Landscape Characteristics (tree, building, horizon etc.) using the display opposite with touch screen and be alignedDisplay.
Figure 19 shows the embodiment for the method 1900 that the pattern for detecting touch panel device as shown in Figure 8 changes.Step 1905, if inclination sensor is movable, in step 1915, the activation of virtual-sensor is checked.If inclination sensor is notActivity, in step 1940, touch screen is still within present mode.In one embodiment, inclination sensor can be gyroscope,Accelerometer or other discrete sensors.In another embodiment, inclination sensor can be the camera on touch panel device, by withIt is set to each pattern of identification and by the way that those patterns compared with expected pattern, are detected the direction of touch panel device.For example, phaseMachine and processing logic can detect the other parts of horizon, building or landscape.In one embodiment, camera can detectThe main body of operation touch-screen equipment or the eyes of people.If virtual-sensor activity and inclination sensor activity, in step1920, touch panel device can enter camera mode.In any point, touch panel device determines inclination sensor and virtual-sensorHolding activity and if deactivate any one or both, exit camera mode.If touch panel device is in camera mode,In step 1930, user can select to take pictures.Upon taking a picture, touch panel device may remain in camera mode, incline until deactivatingUntil oblique sensor or virtual-sensor.However, in one embodiment, upon taking a picture, before touch panel device may return toOne pattern is to handle the photo.In the example shown in Figure 18, taking pictures to allow user that photo is sent to another partyAfterwards, touch panel device may return to text input with display text input interface 1810.In one embodiment, pattern is changedBecome, the specific composition of virtual-sensor can be required.In another embodiment, multiple animated virtual sensors can be required, butTheir position can not be specifically.Different mode is changed, the expection sensor of button is produced as on display unitIt can be different.User can not know swashing for button on the edge using virtual-sensor to detect touch panel device or buttonIt is living, thus display can only indicate user must touch display that is a part of to activate button.In another embodiment,Touch panel device, which can be detected, to be existed along the difference at the edge of touch panel device or the user of specific position and correspondingly makesIt determines, without deliberately making great efforts for user.
Although discussing shutter release button with reference to figure 19, other camera functions can be realized by virtual-sensor, such as schemedShown in 20A-D.As long as example, the activity of camera interface 1820, virtual-sensor 1840.1-1840.1 can be used as shutter, intoEnter camera mode or controls the scaling and optical characteristics of camera.Figure 20 A and 20B show that identification lies substantially in four of displayThe embodiment of the camera applications of four contact virtual-sensor 1840.1-1840.4 at angle.By lacking animated virtual sensor instituteThe release shown, and then pressing corresponds to a virtual-sensor meeting in the shutter release button position for the upper right for being usually located at cameraSo that touch panel device is operated in the camera mode to capture image and be stored in memory.
Figure 20 C and 20D show the more advanced enabled by virtual-sensor.In one embodiment, can use work asWhen in camera mode, the virtual-sensor of " top " of touch panel device zooms in or out.It in another embodiment, can be withUsing when in camera mode, the virtual-sensor of " bottom " of touch panel device adjusts the brightness of camera.In other realitiesIt applies in example, the least controlled view for providing display to the user can be controlled using the differently composed of virtual-sensorAny element and display functionality of camera, such as F- apertures, saturation degree, coloration, contrast or countless menu options.
In the foregoing description, many details are expounded.However, in the field of the benefit with the disclosureIt is evident that the embodiment of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details for those of ordinary skill.Under some cases, known features and equipment are shown in block form an, rather than are shown with details, to avoid fuzzy retouchIt states.
The some parts of detailed description are according to the algorithm of the operation of data bit in computer storage and symbolic indicationIt is existing.These algorithm descriptions and expression are the means used by the technical staff in data processing field, most effectively to conveyThe essence of its work is to others skilled in the art.Algorithm herein and is typically considered and causes expected resultThe self-consistent sequence of step.Step is to need those of physical manipulation of physical quantity.In general, although not necessarily, this tittle is adoptedWith can be by storage, the form of the electrical or magnetic signal for transmission, combining, comparing and otherwise manipulating.Mainly for generalThe reason of, these signals are known as positions, value, element, symbol, character, term, number or the like to have been demonstrated often to facilitate's.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all these and similar terms will all be associated with appropriate physical quantity and be onlyConvenient label applied to this tittle.Unless stated otherwise, otherwise as from the discussion above it will be evident that it is understood thatIn entire description, using such as " integration ", " comparison ", " balance ", " measurement ", " execution ", " accumulation ", " control ", " conversion ",The discussion of the terms such as " sampling ", " storage ", " coupling ", " change ", " buffering ", " application ", refers to computing system or similarThe action of electronic computing device and process will be indicated as the physics in the register and memory of computing system (for example, electricitySon) amount data manipulation and be transformed into and be similarly represented as depositing in computing system memory or register or other this informationOther data of physical quantity in storage, transmission or display equipment.
Word " example " or " exemplary " are used herein to mean that as example, example or explanation.Here depicted asAny aspect or design of " example " or " exemplary " are not necessarily to be construed as advantageous over or surpass other aspects or design.PhaseInstead, using word " example " or " exemplary " it is intended to that concept is presented in specific ways.As used in this application, term "or"It is intended to mean that inclusive "or" rather than exclusiveness "or".That is, unless otherwise specified, or it is clearly visible from context," X includes A or B " is intended to any natural inclusive displacement.That is, if X includes A；X includes B；Or X includes A and B, thenWhat met in " X includes A or B " above example in office.In addition, the article in the application and the appended claims" one " should generally be interpreted to indicate " one or more ", and it is for singular shape to be apparent from unless otherwise specified or from contextFormula.In addition, the term " embodiment " used or " one embodiment " or " realization " or " a kind of to realize " it is entire be not purportIdentical embodiment or realization are being indicated, except description of being far from it.
Embodiment described herein can also relate to a kind of apparatus for performing the operations herein.The device can be byIt can includes selectively to activate or by storing computer journey in a computer to be specifically constructed for required purpose or itThe all-purpose computer that sequence reconfigures.Such computer program can be stored in non-transitorycomputer readable storage mediumIn, such as, but be not limited to, including floppy disk, CD, any kind of disk of CD-ROM and magneto-optic disk, read-only memory (ROM),Random access memory (RAM), EPROM, EEPROM, magnetic or optical card, flash memory or any kind of suitable for storage e-commandMedium.Term " computer readable storage medium " is understood to include the single medium of the one or more instruction set of storageOr multiple media (for example, centralized or distributed database and/or associated caching and server)." computer can for termRead medium " it also should be read to include the one group of instruction that can be stored, encode or execute for being executed by machine and causeThe machine executes any medium of the method for any one or more the present embodiment.Term " computer readable storage medium " answers phaseBe understood to include with answering, but be not limited to, solid-state memory, optical medium, magnetic medium, can store for being executed by machine oneGroup instruction and cause the machine execute any one or more the present embodiment method any medium.
Algorithm and display presented herein be not inherently related to any certain computer or other devices.It is variousGeneral-purpose system can with program according to the teaching of this article using or it can prove to be conveniently constructed more special device to holdThe required method and step of row.Required structure for these a variety of systems will occur from following description.In addition, the present embodiment is simultaneouslyNot with describe with reference to any specific programming language.It should be understood that various programming languages can be used to implement as hereinThe introduction of the embodiment described.
Numerous specific details are set forth for above description, such as particular system, component, method example, in order to provide thisThe good understanding of several embodiments of invention.But for those skilled in the art it will be apparent that, of the invention at least oneA little embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well known component or method do not haveIt is described in detail or is listed in the format of simple block diagram, to avoid the present invention is unnecessarily obscured.Therefore, the detail of above-mentioned elaborationIt is only exemplary.Specific implementation can be different from these exemplary details, but still may be considered in the present inventionWithin the scope of.
It should be understood that above description be intended to it is illustrative rather than restrictive.It is above-mentioned in reading and understandingIn explanation, many other embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be with reference to instituteAttached claim, the full scope of the equivalent assigned together with these claims determine.