The application is the divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of Application No. 201310179204.1, the mother of this application for a patent for inventionThe applying date of case be on October 8th, 2007, invention entitled " for improving the side of transmission in fading channel for the client serverMethod and system ".
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be instructed using various exemplary embodiments now.It will be recognized that, the present invention is not limited only to theseEmbodiment.It is obvious to the skilled person that these specific detail are not configured to put into practice the present invention and are mustedNeed.
Fig. 1 illustrates an example of the system according to the present invention architecture.This system includes central control server200, this central control server 200 is connected to WHUB by the network 100 of such as the Internet etc（Wireless hub）320th, certificate server 330, location-server 340, account management server 250 and（One or more）User terminal460.WHUB 320 carrys out the identity of certification user together with certificate server 330 by short distance EM radiation, and using noLine terminal（Such as cell phone or personal digital assistant（PDA））Provide a user with the access to secure data communication.Central authorities' controlControl server 200 manages data flow by various functions module, and the function of coordination service device and user terminal.Positioning clothesBusiness device 340 send customer position information, and customer position information is processed for start, accelerate and optimization information stream withCorresponding process.
One aspect of the present invention implements cellular network, wireless personal-area network（WPAN）And wireless recognition technique.RespectivelyThe technology of kind is suitable for this aspect of the present invention, including but not limited to：3G technology for cellular network；For WPANZigbee, bluetooth or ultra broadband（UWB）Technology；And the RF identification for wireless recognition technique（RFID）（Such as NFC）.
The present invention promotes the safety data transmission by WHUB 320.WHUB 320 first passes through and wirelessly receives and knowNot unique identifier corresponding with mobile terminal.Once this certification is processed, WHUB 320 just sets up the communication with user terminalChannel is for safety data transmission.Described data is routed to central control server 200 via this secure communication channel, andProcessed by each functional module.
Fig. 3 illustrates and provides a systematic procedure according to this aspect of the present invention.In figure 3, secure communication channelBeing connected with the short-distance wireless for receiving unique identifier is to separate, to obtain bigger bandwidth.Selectively, describedData transfer after certification and certification can share a radio communication channel.
WHUB 320 is located at public or private location.For common point, WHUB 320 is preferably mounted in informationIn booth.Described information booth may be located on street or in airport, shopping mall or any is considered convenient and mayComprise in the position of customer service.For private location, WHUB 320 is preferably configured in such as family or hotel roomBetween etc position in use.In these environment, WHUB 320 may be provided in less equipment, such as Set Top Box（STB）A part.
Hand-held set 310 provides, equipped with label, described label, the unique identifier that can be wirelessly transmitted to WHUB 320.ExcellentThe label of choosing is NFC label 312.NFC radiates to provide short-range wireless connection via using the EM of magnetic field induction, thus realCommunication between existing described each equipment.NFC has several centimetres of short distance, and this is considered the application for this aspect of the present inventionFor provide security advantages.Although NFC is preferred, RFID or other substitute also can be provided that.Hand-held set 310 is alsoIncluding WPAN transceiver 314, described WPAN transceiver 314 provides another one communication channel between hand-held set and WHUB.
WHUB 320 is likewise equipped with NFC reader 322, WPAN transceiver 324 and network adapter 326.NFC technique existsCertification and the data exchange of safety automation are provided between NFC label and NFC reader.
The process of certification can be based on tag ID and password 002.Tag ID and password 006 are sent to certificate server,This certificate server be then back to confirm certification notify 012.Preferably, this certification shows that whether described individual is his or she instituteThat people claiming, but do not process the access right of described individual.Certificate server may reside within WHUB 320 internal orOutside.Further illustrate verification process in Fig. 4 A-B.
Once completing certification, then set up and pass through single secure communication channel（Such as WPAN）The communication carrying out.WPAN work(Can be used to be communicated between hand-held set and WHUB, so that the content relevant with the action asked can safely be handed overChange.For example, the action asked is to buy request 004.
According to an aspect of the present invention, NFC is and allows suitable action（Pay, alert etc.）The other information occurring is onlyOne association.For example, when this system is just used to mobile payment, RFID label tag can be related to the bank account of userConnection.Additionally, WHUB 320 and wireless handset/terminal 310 are authorized by certificate server 330.Once described each equipment quiltCertification（I.e. WHUB is true WHUB）, just set up between hand-held set 310 and WHUB 320 have more performances the second safety logicalLetter channel.This enables action request and Transaction Information reliably to be transmitted between the two devices.Once the end of userEnd 310 is associated with the bank account of user, and WHUB 320 is just able to carry out the function of ATM, for his silver of this user managementRow account（Such as deposit or the bank account drawing from this user）.
Second safe wireless connects or this two wireless communications connecting can implement WPAN transceiver, compared with NFC, instituteState WPAN transceiver and there is higher data rate and longer working range.Described secure communication can be by hardware（For example specialHardware chip group）And software（Such as DEA）To implement.Described secure communication allows process of exchange information（For example useBid among the price buying request and credit card information and counterparty）Exchange.It shall yet further be noted that WHUB 320 is by canSelection of land configures radio communication function, such as with cellular network communication.WHUB 320 is also preferably configured to and delivers the InternetThe system of content works together.
WHUB 320 can also be with other WPAN equipment 350 exchange datas, and WPAN can be for the purpose of certificationComprise NFC function.
The NFC communication system being used in the present invention is the rfid system of inductive.Its operating frequency is designedBecome to utilize low frequency（LF）125 kHz or high frequency（HF）13.56 MHz, this is due to the fact that：Lower band is being readTake the working range of device（Such as 0-10cm）In the usbale field strength that is obtained in that be higher than and obtain in the situation of high frequency bandUsbale field strength.
Due to the short-range reason between reader and NFC label, so this NFC system to be carried out using inductiveData transfer.All energy needed for NFC label 322 works all must be provided by NFC reader 312（Fig. 4 C）.For thisPurpose, the aerial coil of reader produces strong electromagnetic field of high frequency, this electromagnetic field pass through coil region cross section and aroundThe region of this coil.Because the wavelength of the frequency range being used（125 kHz:2400m, 13.56 MHz: 22.1m）ThanThe distance between the antenna of NFC reader and NFC label are several times greater, so this electromagnetic field is regarded as and NFC label and skyThe relevant simple alternating magnetic field of the distance between line.
When each equipment contacts or when each other in several cm range, NFC realizes it using magnetic field inductionBetween communication.Energy and ripple transmission are based on Maxwell equation：
（1）
Wherein B is magnetic induction, and E is electric field, and D is dielectric displacement, and H is magnetic field.Electric currentDefinition be：
（2）.
In the horizontal direction（“x”）The plane electric wave propagated in space is represented as：
Wherein c is the light velocity.Identical form is applicable to the magnetic field wave in the position of electric field.Electric field and magnetic field are all verticalIn direction of propagation x：
（3）.
WHUB 320 is communicated with location-server 340 to obtain the position of mobile terminal 310.Location-server 340Various technology can be used（Such as reaching time-difference（TDOA）, received signal strength indicator（RSSI）, global positioning system（GPS）/Agps system（AGPS）And cell tower）To detect the position of mobile terminal 310.Positional information can be used to promote businessProduct trade simultaneously accelerates and optimizes process of exchange.In addition customer position information can be used for safety purposes.For example, in position AThe WHUB 320 that the user that place detects can be rejected at actually in a different position B carries out cash advance or withdrawalRequest.
Based on received signal strength indicator（RSSI）Location mechanism be normally used in such environment：Fixing referenceSignal source（Such as cell tower, access point）Density very high.The transmission power of derived reference signal is by PtRepresent, and reference signalThe distance between source and mobile device are d.RSSI can be calculated as follows：
（4）
Wherein f is RF frequency.
Location mechanism based on RSSI is made up of two steps：1）Produce the in-site measurement and 2 of radio sky map）It is based on and table look-upLocation estimation.In step 1, radio sky map generates via manual site's measurement or a certain automatic software algorithm.InstituteState the list that radio includes having the position of related RSSI value.After generating radio sky map, by from different reference lettersThe instantaneous RSSI in number source and radio sky map are compared to estimate the position of mobile device.Radio sky map has with currentlyThe position of the RSSI data of RSSI Data Matching will be considered as the position of mobile terminal.
Another kind can be used for location-server 340 provide positional information location tracking method will be usually directed to orthogonalFrequency division multiplexing（OFDM）Mobile subscriber in wireless communication system.Ofdm system is the one of which of Next-Generation Wireless Communication SystemsModulation scheme.The ofdm system with N number of subcarrier adopts M binary digits to modulate, by data encoder by log2M inputThe block of bit is mapped to symbol constellation point dk, then pass through staticizer（S/P）Transmit N number of symbol.If T represents symbolInterval, then the mark space in ofdm system just increases to NT, and this makes this system for opposing channel delay spread more ShandongRod.However, every sub-channels are with much lower bit rate log2M/NT sending signal.Parallel symbol（d0d1…dk…dN-1）AlignSub-carrier group is handed over to be modulated, its satisfaction
（5）
Wherein
Baseband transmission signal may be expressed as：
（6）
Complex radical tape symbol SkAverage energy by 2EsRepresent.
Then SkIt is given by：
（7）
Wherein dk=dk,r+jdk,iIt is with normalization varianceSignal constellation point（Such as binary phase shift keying（BPSK）, QPSK（QPSK）, quadrature amplitude modulation（QAM）Deng）.Real part dk,rWith imaginary part dk,iIt is statistical iteration, divide togetherCloth, and.
Consider now the order frequency selectivity change at random channel with impulse response h (t, τ).In each subcarrierIn narrower bandwidth, compared with the coherence bandwidth of channel, this subcarrier is modeled as non-frequency-selective rayleigh fading channel.CauseThis, the channel impulse response h of k-th subchannelk(t, τ) is represented as：
（8）
Wherein βkT () is complex value zero-mean stationary process as described below.It is assumed that process βk(t), k=1 ..., N is complex value jointSteadily with joint Gaussian process, it has zero-mean, and covariance function is：
（9）
For each fixing k it is assumed that process βkT the real part of () and imaginary part are independent, and have identical covariance letterNumber.It is further assumed that factorable form：
（10）
Wherein R1(τ) and R2(k-l) will be described in detail below.R1(τ) provide process βkThe temporal correlation of (t), its forAll k=0 ... N-1 is counted as identical.R2(k-l) represent the dependency in the frequency between subcarrier.In this feelingsIt is assumed that corresponding spectrum density Ψ under condition1F () arrives R1(τ) be given by Doppler power spectra, and be modeled as Jakes model, that is,：
（11)
Wherein FdIt is（Maximum）Doppler bandwidth.Note：
（12）
Wherein J0(τ) it is zeroth order Bessel function of the first kind.In order to describe the dependency in the frequency between subcarrier in detail, adoptA kind of form of index multipath power intensity：
S(τ)=αe-aττ>0, α>0 （13）
Wherein α is the parameter of control channel coherence bandwidth.
The Fourier transformation of S (τ) produces：
（14）
This provides measuring of the dependency of the decline between subcarrier.Then,
R2(k-l)=Ψ2(Δf(k,l)) （15）
Wherein Δ f=1/NT is the frequency difference between two adjacent sub-carriers.Ψ2F the three dB bandwidth of () is defined as channelCoherence bandwidth, and be easily shown as：fcoherence.This model is applied to many actual wireless OFDM systemsSystem and the situation of physical channel.
The set-point in path of first arrival and noise vector n are zero-mean random variables, and probability density letterNumber is represented as：
（16）
Work as equation（16）When being maximized, by applying ML（Maximal possibility estimation）To obtain value t0.Therefore, the position of mobile subscriberPut is according to t0Value estimating.
According to an aspect of the present invention, financial transaction can be followed certification or can not be followed certification.Cell phoneCan be configured to comprise to browse ability, this ability enables cell phone to be used to carry out with businessman before making purchase requestCommunication.Internet content also can be accessed by the cell phone being associated with transaction request.
Cell phone can also be by the method in addition to WHUB come access the Internet content.
Various purchase patterns can be realized using buying request.Example may include：Individually it is transported to the reality of an addressBorder articles for use, obtainable download immediately（Cell phone may be downloaded to）, service etc..
It should also be noted that buying a kind of form of the action that request only can be performed.Its handled by this systemIts commercial or financial transaction information includes but is not limited to：Keep accounts and pay, fill account using fund, online shopping is concluded the business, dynamicallyWith reverse Auction etc..
If necessary it is also possible to need the additional information being associated with the action asked.For example, it may be desirable to be used for accessingThe account identification information of transaction party account or password, described counterparty is by this system or external server master control.In these situationsUnder, account management server 250 sends a request to WHUB to ask this information.WHUB can store such information and to suchRequest is responded.Selectively, in addition WHUB can exchange information with user（By hand-held set）, so that obtain asked attachedPlus information.
Together with buying request 004, produced by network connection between WHUB 320 and account management server 250 and payRequest 014.Pay request 014 to allow users to complete and buy request 004 related transaction.In order to obtain this payment requestSatisfactorily complete, account management server 250 is communicated with payment gateway, and send this payment of instruction to ask success or failureSolution 018.
Once instruction successfully pays request, WHUB 320 just receives from account management server to be had with the action askedThe receipt 022 closing or confirmation number, and 024 and relevant information are sent to completing of hand-held set this action for confirmation.This is permissibleIt is receipt, confirmation number, preferential code etc..
According to another aspect of the present invention, account management server（AMS）250 open and account executive for user.SystemSystem user is classified as two counterparties：Item request side（IRP）With project supply side（ISP）.The income of ISP is by immediately or fixedPhase ground is from ISP in account management server（AMS）250 account converges the bank account to ISP.This solution is for transnationalThe financial transaction in border has the advantage of uniqueness, and the Credit Card Payments basis not having the transnational border of compatibility especially for those setsThe country applying.
Fig. 5 illustrates corresponding with the example of the payment solution of handled transaction according to an aspect of the present inventionSome functions of account management server.In this example, IRP 410 is an American Tourister, and it is from Chinese tripRow society（ISP 450）Have purchased in Chinese tourist service bag.The credit payment of IRP 410 is sent to system 413 and providesPerson is in the bank account 253 of the U.S..This credit is added to ISP's using account management server by account management server 250Account.Once the IRP of the U.S. confirms this purchase, to ISP Chinese bank account payment just by from system provider inState bank account 257（For example utilize Bank of China）Send.Therefore, for every international trade handled by this system andBusiness, all avoids the expense related to transnational border monetary transmissions.System provider is tired out in a national bank accountLong-pending payment can be termly sent to the account in another country.Or, from the payment of the IRP of the national A ISP to national BCounteract the payment of the ISP from the IRP of national B to national A, therefore can avoid transnational monetary transmissions.Additionally, system carriesDonor can select same International Banks for it in the account of country variant, thus reducing the funds transfer expense in transnational border.ThisInvention this aspect not only enable the seller of international business immediately receive payment, and it be additionally beneficial to online buyer andThe seller carries out international trade and business using relatively low payment expense.In addition, it is to the country not having perfect credit card operationImproved payment solution is provided.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram that central control server 200 is described, described central control server 200 is configured to provide and usesInformation platform in information processing.In this embodiment, system provides user terminal 460,310 and 420 to register user.According toThe particular demands of ISP, IRP solicited message is the terminal from central control server to ISP.User can be from server, noLine terminal etc. accesses their terminal.Account management server 250 manages propping up of transaction based on the mechanism described in Fig. 5Pay.Intelligent recommendation module 230 provides a user with and related information of concluding the business（The credit of such as market competition information and counterpartyAnd positional information）.Dynamic reverse auction module 210 and dynamic group transaction modules 220 management Transaction Information are processed.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 illustrates in item request side（IRP）410th, central control server（CCS）200th, location-server（340）With project supply side（ISP）The example of the flow of information between 450.It the system invented is ISP rather than IRP bid.In addition, IRP passes through to submit to（Step 426）And modification（Step 436）The request of project or service and requiring guiding bidding process.ISP accesses the request of IRP in real time in their custom terminal（Step 428）, submit to transaction to submit a tender/offer（Step 432）, withAnd monitor the bid of competitor and the modification of request（Step 438）.Request and requirement（Step 436）Can be according to competition in real-time informationChange during competition process.During the process that real time information is processed, central control server（CCS）Via intelligent recommendation mouldBlock（IRM）230 to the IRP and ISP offers market competition information relevant with the request of IRP and the bid of ISP, described information includesBut it is not limited to：From the price of market competitor, quality, the project asked or the adnexa of service, credit of each counterparty etc.Level and position, analysis and recommending, bid ongoing with request with submit a tender related bid activity and group buys/sale what is said or talked aboutSentence.
According on the other hand, the present invention promotes negotiation between each counterparty and competing using the positional information of userStrive.Central control server obtains positional information from location-server.Using the positional information of IRP, some requests and requirement are onlyIt is sent to the ISP close to IRP.Additionally, the positional information of IRP by the IRP in same geographic location using initiating " groupBuy " request（Step 462 in Fig. 7）.According to this embodiment, each IRP with similar demand can be organized into group oneRise and ISP negotiation.Additionally, being managed in the same manner by only exporting to be located at by group discount sales information via central control serverIRP in region, ISP can organize " group's sale " using the positional information of IRP.One application of the present invention is in retailIn industry：Retail buyer only need to pay the obtainable discounted cost of only bulk buying, and manufacturer benefits from the increase of sale, one-tenthThis reduction and the raising of operating efficiency.
In the process of Transaction Information, the formation of group is integrated into the bid of ISP and the process of the request modification of IRPIn.In step 472 in the figure 7, the group changed buys requirement and the information that the variable asked includes group's formation, exampleAs：The remaining time before closing the transaction, the size of group, price, quantity, quality, the adnexa of service and institute's request itemsEtc..These variables simultaneously continuously change, and affect mutual change.Related market competition information and suggestion are by therefromCentre controls server to be sent to IRP and ISP.And, this two counterparties monitor the state of the information variable of competition in real time.
This embodiment of the present invention substantially improving the static reverse bidding process in application.The dynamic spy of negotiation processLevy and so that ISP and IRP is most effectively mutually found, thus effectively eliminating traditional Sales Channel and each layer go-between and keeping awayExempt from the obstacle caused by time and space.
One applications well of this aspect of the present invention is in ecommerce.Using the process invented, buyer according toCompetition in real-time between the middle seller in the world, buys optimal product with best price.Because buyer oneself definition purchaseBuy request and product requirement, so the seller can aim at client effectively.In addition, the income of the seller exceedes learns that market needs in real timeThe income asked, because they can update nearest product information by their terminal-pair client.
The positional information of the user being provided by location-server can be by the IRP in same geographical area（Such as skiing victoryThe slider on ground）Bid using starting " group's purchase ".Additionally, IRP can send out between the ISP of designated geographic areaPlay dynamic reverse auction.In addition, ISP can select IRP to promote " group's sale " product or service according to IRP position.CloseKey ground, according to the positional information of user, the position of WHUB nearby and the ongoing bid, negotiation and the group that are processed by systemThe information of transaction sales promotion is sent to the terminal of user together.Last but not least, the positional information of user is used to recognizeDemonstrate,prove user and/or his activity is limited in certain geographic area（Withdraw deposit for example from some WHUB）.
In addition to location information, ask buying also dependent on other standards and bid of concluding the business is sent to ISP.ExclusiveISP receives the information of the competitor's block to him.Additionally, ISP can be classified as some class, for receiving various level qualityThe market demand and competition information and/or receive the market demand and competition information in different period.
An alternative embodiment of the invention provides in the case of without cash transaction by exchanging them to each counterpartyProducts ＆ services carrying on trade.This embodiment of the present invention additionally provides for the credit of circulation between each user or isSystem currency.
In another embodiment of the present invention, user is encouraged to system by the remuneration of system credit or other speciesThe transaction processing or the participation of program.Concluded the business using system credit between each system user goods, service.Described credit isCalculated using a ratio, this ratio is participation based on user or is increased with acceleration by participating in accumulated creditLong.This ratio also can be determined together with other variables, and such as user is to the participation of a certain ongoing sales promotion or through itThe number of the system user of recommendation.
In one embodiment of the invention, indicate that the price being immediately subjected to of IRP request and/or by accountIt is stored in corresponding deposit in the abandon account that management server is managed.Once ISP proposes to meet the friendship of the price being immediately subjected toEasily, this transaction is just identified, and deposits the account being transferred to ISP.
The application of method and system disclosed above is only the example of the present invention, and it is for the sake of integrity and to beInstruct the reader to set by instantiation.The present invention can be realized using various forms, and is applied to differentIndustrial department.Those skilled in the art will expect described above each in the case of without departing substantially from scope and spirit of the present inventionPlant combination and the sub-portfolio of embodiment.Therefore, claims below should not necessarily be limited by the description of described each embodiment, or notIn addition described each details of embodiment should be limited to by any way.