技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种利用海底火山释放出的热能进行发电的方法，属于利用新能源范围。The invention relates to a method for generating electricity by utilizing heat energy released by submarine volcanoes, which belongs to the scope of utilizing new energy sources.
背景技术Background technique
洋底区域地质、地球物理信息的探测和控制等均离不开对相应设备的长期电能供给，以满足短距离航行、信息探测、通信的需要；在海底热液附近的地质裂缝区域，为在关键时刻通过小当量爆炸以激发局部海底火山喷发，长期潜伏在其附近的爆炸装置也需要长期稳定的电能供给，以满足通信、短距离航行、起爆等的需要。如何为这些装置实现长期的在位电能供应已经成为深海地质与物理环境探测、控制的关键。The detection and control of geology and geophysical information in the ocean floor area are inseparable from the long-term power supply of corresponding equipment to meet the needs of short-distance navigation, information detection, and communication; At critical moments, small-equivalent explosions are used to stimulate local submarine volcanic eruptions. Explosive devices lurking nearby for a long time also need long-term and stable power supply to meet the needs of communication, short-distance navigation, and detonation. How to achieve long-term on-site power supply for these devices has become the key to the detection and control of deep-sea geological and physical environments.
海底热液是几千米深的海底火山释放出的热能加热海水形成的，热液喷口处的温度可达400℃，与周围数米范围内的海水形成较大的温差，而且长期稳定存在。利用这一能源、并将其转换为电能，有望实现上述海底装置的在位电能供应。传统的海洋温差发电沿用蒸汽轮机技术，先将海洋温差转换为机械能，然后机械能再驱动蒸汽轮机进行发电。整个系统能量转换效率低、体积庞大、控制复杂，难以在海底长期稳定工作，无法适应上述需求。Submarine hydrothermal fluid is formed by the heat released by submarine volcanoes several kilometers deep to heat seawater. The temperature at the hydrothermal vent can reach 400°C, forming a large temperature difference with the surrounding seawater within a few meters, and it exists stably for a long time. Harnessing this energy source and converting it into electrical energy is expected to enable on-site electrical energy supply for the aforementioned subsea installations. The traditional ocean temperature difference power generation follows the steam turbine technology, which first converts the ocean temperature difference into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy drives the steam turbine to generate electricity. The entire system has low energy conversion efficiency, large volume, and complex control, and it is difficult to work stably on the seabed for a long time, so it cannot meet the above requirements.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明技术的主要目的就是利用温度差来发电的温差电技术解决传统海洋温差发电沿用的蒸汽轮机技术由于体积庞大、控制复杂、难以在海底长期稳定工作与海底装置对长期稳定在位电能的需求之间的矛盾。The main purpose of the technology of the present invention is to use the thermoelectric technology of temperature difference to generate electricity to solve the traditional steam turbine technology used in ocean temperature difference power generation due to its large size, complicated control, difficulty in long-term stable work on the seabed and the long-term stable electric energy demand of seabed devices. the contradiction between.
海底火山附近的温度梯度不是很大，距离火山数米范围内的温度依旧很高，因此在海底火山附近适当的平面上放置能量收集系统，如图1所示，密度比较大的冷水会迅速下降取代能量收集系统底部密度较小的热水，当热水被迫向上流动时就会进入温差发电模块，基于热电效应，利用这部分热能与周围海水的温差实现热-电转换，并储存在储能电池中。在距离储能电池较远的位置通过海底电缆连接自主水下航行器可以停靠的充电站(对接站)，自主水下航行器携带的可充电电池电能不足时，就会靠近充电站进行充电，然后重新投入工作状态。利于自主水下航行器携带的可充电电池便可以为海底矿石作业、海底区域地质探测等相应设备提供长期稳定的在位电能。The temperature gradient near the submarine volcano is not very large, and the temperature within a few meters away from the volcano is still very high. Therefore, an energy harvesting system is placed on a suitable plane near the submarine volcano. As shown in Figure 1, the cold water with a relatively high density will drop rapidly. Instead of the hot water with low density at the bottom of the energy harvesting system, when the hot water is forced to flow upward, it will enter the thermoelectric power generation module. Based on the thermoelectric effect, the temperature difference between this part of heat energy and the surrounding seawater is used to realize heat-to-electricity conversion and stored in the storage. battery. The charging station (docking station) where the autonomous underwater vehicle can be docked is connected to the charging station (docking station) where the autonomous underwater vehicle is far away from the energy storage battery. Then go back to work. The rechargeable batteries carried by autonomous underwater vehicles can provide long-term and stable on-site electrical energy for corresponding equipment such as seabed ore operations and geological exploration of seabed areas.
本发明技术方案为一种利用海底热液能量的海底发电系统，该系统包括：发电站，储能站，充电站；发电站包括：支架、发电站壁、温差发电模块；所述发电站壁为上下通透的沙漏型，包括上壁、腰部、下壁；温差发电模块设置于上壁靠近腰部的位置；发电站发出的电量通过海底电缆输送至储能站储存；储能站通过海底电缆连接充电站对充电对象进行海底充电。The technical solution of the present invention is a submarine power generation system utilizing seabed hydrothermal energy. The system includes: a power station, an energy storage station, and a charging station; the power station includes: a bracket, a wall of the power station, and a temperature difference power generation module; the wall of the power station It is an hourglass shape that is transparent up and down, including the upper wall, the waist, and the lower wall; the thermoelectric power generation module is set on the upper wall near the waist; the power generated by the power station is transmitted to the energy storage station for storage through submarine cables; the energy storage station is stored through submarine cables Connect the charging station to charge the charging object under the sea.
进一步的，所述充电站包括：储电池、电感耦合器的主级侧、辐射台；输入电缆通过储电池连接电感耦合器的主级侧，所述电感耦合器的主级侧安装于辐射台内，辐射台形状为圆锥台形，台底为电能辐射出口。Further, the charging station includes: a storage battery, the primary side of the inductive coupler, and a radiation station; the input cable is connected to the primary side of the inductive coupler through the storage battery, and the primary side of the inductive coupler is installed on the radiation station Inside, the shape of the radiation platform is a truncated cone, and the bottom of the platform is an electric energy radiation outlet.
进一步的，所述储能站与充电站之间设施变压设备，用于电能的远距离运输。Further, the transformer equipment between the energy storage station and the charging station is used for long-distance transportation of electric energy.
基于塞贝克效应的温差电技术具有没有工作介质和运动部件的优点，因而具有无噪声、维护周期长、寿命长，并且没有环境污染、可靠性高的特点，可有效解决洋底区域地质、地球物理信息的探测和控制等相应设备对长期稳定电能的需求。The thermoelectric technology based on the Seebeck effect has the advantages of no working medium and moving parts, so it has the characteristics of no noise, long maintenance cycle, long life, no environmental pollution, and high reliability. The detection and control of physical information and other corresponding equipment require long-term stable power.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是深海热液温差发电总体方案的构思图；Figure 1 is a conceptual diagram of the overall scheme of deep-sea hydrothermal temperature difference power generation;
1.温度较低(密度较大)的海水；2.被海底火山能量加热(密度较小)的热水；3.温差发电模块；4.海床；5.支架；6.深海热液喷口；7.海底电缆；8.升压变压器；9.降压变压器；10.充电站(对接站)；12.自主水下航行器。1. Lower temperature (higher density) seawater; 2. Hot water heated by submarine volcanic energy (lower density); 3. Thermoelectric power generation module; 4. Seabed; 5. Support; 6. Deep sea hydrothermal vent ; 7. Submarine cable; 8. Step-up transformer; 9. Step-down transformer; 10. Charging station (docking station); 12. Autonomous underwater vehicle.
图2是温差发电模块的原理图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermoelectric power generation module;
1.高温端；2.导体；3.低温端；4.储能单元；5.电子；6.空穴。1. High temperature end; 2. Conductor; 3. Low temperature end; 4. Energy storage unit; 5. Electronics; 6. Holes.
图3是电能传输系统的原理图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power transmission system;
10.充电站(对接站)；11.电感耦合器主级侧；12.自主水下航行器；13.可充电电池；14.电感耦合器副级侧。10. Charging station (docking station); 11. Primary side of inductive coupler; 12. Autonomous underwater vehicle; 13. Rechargeable battery; 14. Secondary side of inductive coupler.
具体实施方式detailed description
第一、能量收集系统First, the energy harvesting system
海底火山附近的温度梯度不是很大，距离火山数米范围内的温度依旧很高，如图1所示，在海底火山附近的平面(4)上放置能量收集系统，此时，在系统敞开的入口处密度比较大的冷水(1)会迅速下降取代系统底部密度较小的热水(2)。当热水被迫向上流动时就会进入温差发电模块(图2)，提供温差发电所需的热源(图2,1)，整个温差发电模块固定在海底设置的支架(5)上。基于热电效应，利用这部分热能与周围海水的温差实现热-电转换，并储存于储电单元(图2,4)里。温差发电模块的储电单元与海底的储能电池通过海底电缆(7)连接，将储电单元中的电能转移至储能电池。根据已经在深海得到成功应用的案例，有两种储能电池可供选择：铅酸电池和锂聚合物电池。铅酸电池具有最高的性价比，即存储相同容量的电能所需要的花费最少，但是相比于锂聚合物电池，铅酸电池具有较小的功率密度。锂聚合物电池唯一的缺点就是价格比较昂贵。储能电池具体的选取可根据自身的情况而定。另外，温差发电模块目前已经被广泛应用，这里就不再详细叙述其具体的工作原理。The temperature gradient near the submarine volcano is not very large, and the temperature within a few meters away from the volcano is still very high. As shown in Figure 1, the energy harvesting system is placed on the plane (4) near the submarine volcano. The denser cold water (1) at the inlet drops rapidly to replace the less dense hot water (2) at the bottom of the system. When the hot water is forced to flow upwards, it will enter the thermoelectric power generation module (Fig. 2) to provide the heat source required for thermoelectric power generation (Fig. 2, 1). The whole thermoelectric power generation module is fixed on the support (5) set on the seabed. Based on the thermoelectric effect, the temperature difference between this part of heat energy and the surrounding seawater is used to realize heat-to-electricity conversion and stored in the power storage unit (Fig. 2, 4). The power storage unit of the thermoelectric power generation module is connected to the energy storage battery on the seabed through a submarine cable (7), and the electric energy in the power storage unit is transferred to the energy storage battery. According to the cases that have been successfully applied in the deep sea, there are two kinds of energy storage batteries to choose from: lead-acid batteries and lithium polymer batteries. Lead-acid batteries have the highest cost performance, that is, they cost the least to store the same capacity of electricity, but compared to lithium polymer batteries, lead-acid batteries have a smaller power density. The only downside to lithium polymer batteries is that they are more expensive. The specific selection of the energy storage battery can be determined according to its own situation. In addition, the thermoelectric power generation module has been widely used at present, and its specific working principle will not be described in detail here.
第二、电能传输系统Second, the power transmission system
如图3所示，电能传输系统主要包含以下三个环节：自主水下航行器(12)、充电站(对接站)(10)和充电方式。As shown in FIG. 3 , the power transmission system mainly includes the following three links: an autonomous underwater vehicle (12), a charging station (docking station) (10) and a charging method.
首先，海底电池(13)的充电可以通过电磁感应来进行，因为锂离子电池的感应充电已经得到广泛应用。Firstly, the charging of the subsea battery (13) can be done by electromagnetic induction, since the inductive charging of Li-ion batteries has been widely used.
另外，自主水下航行器(12)在深海充当为其他需要能量的设备提供电能的角色，因此必须配置可充电电池(13)。为了完成自主水下航行器携带电池(13)的感应充电，自主水下航行器(12)还必须配备电感耦合器(14)。In addition, the autonomous underwater vehicle (12) plays the role of providing electric energy for other devices requiring energy in the deep sea, so a rechargeable battery (13) must be configured. In order to complete the inductive charging of the battery (13) carried by the autonomous underwater vehicle, the autonomous underwater vehicle (12) must also be equipped with an inductive coupler (14).
最后，自主水下航行器(12)与充电站(10)的对接通过耦合感应来完成，电感耦合器的主级侧(11)固定在充电站(10)上，电感耦合器副级侧(14)安装在自主水下航行器(12)上，当电池(13)需要充电时，声波定位仪或动态定位系统可以指引自主水下航行器(12)靠近充电站(10)，装有次级侧电感耦合器的自主水下航行器(12)与装有主级侧电感耦合器的充电站(10)相接触就会触发开关，系统准备充电，然后通过电磁效应自主水下航行器(12)所携带的可充电电池(13)就会充电。充电站(10)接口处设计成圆锥形状。Finally, the docking of the autonomous underwater vehicle (12) with the charging station (10) is accomplished through coupling induction, the primary side (11) of the inductive coupler is fixed on the charging station (10), and the secondary side of the inductive coupler ( 14) Installed on the autonomous underwater vehicle (12), when the battery (13) needs to be charged, the sonar or dynamic positioning system can guide the autonomous underwater vehicle (12) close to the charging station (10), equipped with secondary When the autonomous underwater vehicle (12) of the primary side inductive coupler contacts with the charging station (10) equipped with the primary side inductive coupler, the switch will be triggered, and the system is ready to charge, and then the autonomous underwater vehicle ( 12) The rechargeable battery (13) carried will be charged. The interface of the charging station (10) is designed in a conical shape.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611112597.4ACN106452190A (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | Subsea power generation system utilizing energy of subsea heat liquid |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611112597.4ACN106452190A (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | Subsea power generation system utilizing energy of subsea heat liquid |
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| CN106452190Atrue CN106452190A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
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| CN201611112597.4APendingCN106452190A (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | Subsea power generation system utilizing energy of subsea heat liquid |
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