技术领域technical field
本发明涉及真空电子学技术领域，尤其涉及一种准光模式变换装置。The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum electronics, in particular to a quasi-optical mode conversion device.
背景技术Background technique
回旋振荡管在毫米波段具有高功率、长脉冲、连续波输出等优点，在毫米波雷达、受控热核聚变的等离子体加热、材料处理和生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景。当前兆瓦级高功率回旋振荡管是国际受控热核聚变实验反应堆(ITER)的主要加热源，一般连续波输出功率为1MW，最高可达2MW。当聚变装置采用1MW的回旋振荡器作为等离子体加热的功率源时，需要24支回旋振荡管同时工作，采用2MW的回旋振荡管工作时，仅需要12支回旋振荡管。这样可大大降低系统成本和功率合成的复杂性。目前正在研制4MW的回旋振荡管，以期进一步降低成本和简化系统结构。回旋振荡管通常采用准光模式变换装置将工作模式变换为一束高斯波束，最后通过输能窗将高斯波束导入负载。常规的准光模式变换装置由一个螺旋切口发射器和几个反射镜构成，变换后的电磁能量全部通过一个输能窗进入负载。较高的输出功率要求配备高性能的输能窗，但是一般回旋振荡管的输能窗大多采用化学气相沉积技术制作，其最大承载功率仅为2MW。一旦超过承载功率极限，输能窗将会被击穿，从而导致窗片损坏，造成真空系统漏气等严重后果。由于受限于材料、工艺等一系列技术问题，该问题尚未得到有效解决。The cyclotron oscillator has the advantages of high power, long pulse, and continuous wave output in the millimeter wave band, and has broad application prospects in the fields of millimeter wave radar, plasma heating of controlled thermonuclear fusion, material processing, and biomedicine. At present, the megawatt-level high-power cyclotron oscillator is the main heating source of the International Controlled Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The general continuous wave output power is 1MW, and the highest can reach 2MW. When the fusion device uses a 1MW cyclotron oscillator as the power source for plasma heating, 24 cyclotron oscillators are required to work at the same time, and when a 2MW cyclotron oscillator is used, only 12 cyclotron oscillators are required. This greatly reduces system cost and power combining complexity. At present, a 4MW cyclotron oscillation tube is being developed in order to further reduce the cost and simplify the system structure. The cyclotron oscillator usually uses a quasi-optical mode conversion device to convert the working mode into a Gaussian beam, and finally guides the Gaussian beam into the load through the energy transmission window. The conventional quasi-optical mode conversion device is composed of a helical notch emitter and several reflectors, and all the converted electromagnetic energy enters the load through an energy transmission window. Higher output power requires a high-performance energy transmission window, but the energy transmission window of a general cyclotron oscillator tube is mostly made by chemical vapor deposition technology, and its maximum carrying power is only 2MW. Once the carrying power limit is exceeded, the energy transmission window will be broken down, resulting in damage to the window, resulting in serious consequences such as air leakage in the vacuum system. Due to a series of technical problems such as materials and processes, this problem has not been effectively resolved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足及问题，本发明提供了一种双束输出的准光模式变换装置，利用回旋振荡管高阶腔体模式的几何光学特性建立圆波导内表面的周期扰动结构，通过圆波导内表面的周期扰动结构实现高阶模式向高斯波束的变换，变换后的高斯波束通过波导末端的两个螺旋切口，分别向外空间辐射。利用准抛物柱面反射镜的聚焦特性和平面反射镜的反射特性，对辐射的高斯波束进行聚焦和方向调整，最终通过两个输能窗分别导出回旋振荡管，从而在紧凑的空间内实现了兆瓦级高功率电磁波束的模式变换、分离和输出。Aiming at the deficiencies and problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a dual-beam output quasi-optical mode conversion device, which uses the geometrical optical characteristics of the high-order cavity mode of the cyclotron oscillator to establish a periodic perturbation structure on the inner surface of the circular waveguide, and passes the circular The periodic perturbation structure on the inner surface of the waveguide realizes the transformation of high-order modes into Gaussian beams, and the transformed Gaussian beams pass through the two helical cuts at the end of the waveguide and radiate to the outer space respectively. Using the focusing characteristics of the quasi-parabolic mirror and the reflection characteristics of the plane mirror, the radiated Gaussian beam is focused and adjusted, and finally the cyclotron oscillation tube is exported through two energy transmission windows, so that it is realized in a compact space. Mode conversion, separation, and output of megawatt-scale high-power electromagnetic beams.
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是：一种双束输出的准光模式变换装置，包括：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a quasi-optical mode conversion device with dual-beam output, comprising:
一个具有周期扰动结构的圆波导，用于将工作模式变换为高斯波束；A circular waveguide with a periodically perturbed structure for transforming the operating mode into a Gaussian beam;
一个双切口准光辐射器，用于将高斯波束向两个不同的方向辐射；A double-slit quasi-optical radiator for radiating the Gaussian beam in two different directions;
两个准抛物柱面反射镜，用于对辐射器射出的高斯波束进行聚焦；Two quasi-parabolic mirrors are used to focus the Gaussian beam emitted by the radiator;
两个平面反射镜，用于调整高斯波束的传播方向；Two flat mirrors for adjusting the propagation direction of the Gaussian beam;
两个输能窗，用于将高斯波束输出至回旋振荡管的负载；Two energy transmission windows, used to output the Gaussian beam to the load of the cyclotron oscillator tube;
双切口准光辐射器位于圆波导的末端，其半径结构具有同圆波导相同的表达式；准抛物柱面反射镜和平面反射镜的空间位置处于高斯波束的传播路径上；输能窗平面与输出波束的波前垂直，位于高斯波束的束腰处。The double-notch quasi-light radiator is located at the end of the circular waveguide, and its radius structure has the same expression as that of the circular waveguide; the spatial positions of the quasi-parabolic reflector and the plane reflector are on the propagation path of the Gaussian beam; the plane of the energy transmission window and The wavefront of the output beam is vertical, at the waist of the Gaussian beam.
所述的圆波导在轴向和角向均具有周期性扰动结构，其结构表达式如下：The circular waveguide has a periodic perturbation structure both axially and angularly, and its structural expression is as follows:
R(φ,z)＝R0+αz+δ1cos(Δm1φ±Δβ1z)+δ2cos(Δm2φ±Δβ2z)R(φ,z)＝R0 +αz+δ1 cos(Δm1 φ±Δβ1 z)+δ2 cos(Δm2 φ±Δβ2 z)
其中R0为圆波导初始半径，(φ,z)为圆波导在柱坐标系下的坐标，α为圆波导的锥度，δ1和δ2分别为轴向和角向的扰动幅度，Δm1和Δm2为工作模式和耦合模式的轴向和角向指数差，Δβ1和Δβ2为工作模式和耦合模式的轴向和角向波数差，“+”为右旋极化，“-”为左旋极化。圆波导锥度为一个常系数，其大小为0.002。where R0 is the initial radius of the circular waveguide, (φ, z) is the coordinate of the circular waveguide in the cylindrical coordinate system, α is the taper of the circular waveguide, δ1 and δ2 are the disturbance amplitudes in the axial and angular directions, respectively, Δm1 and Δm2 are the axial and angular index differences between the working mode and the coupling mode, Δβ1 and Δβ2 are the axial and angular wavenumber differences between the working mode and the coupling mode, "+" is right-handed polarization, "-" is left-handed polarization. The circular waveguide taper is a constant coefficient with a value of 0.002.
所述的双切口准光辐射器的切口为螺旋形，切口在角向的宽度为一个布里渊区的角度，切口在轴向的长度为一个布里渊区的长度；两个切口之间在角向相隔一个布里渊区的宽度。The otch of the quasi-light radiator with double slits is spiral, the angular width of the slit is the angle of a Brillouin zone, and the axial length of the slit is the length of a Brillouin zone; between the two slits angularly separated by the width of a Brillouin zone.
所述的双切口准光辐射器切口的螺旋边与圆波导轴线的夹角以及切口的直线边与圆波导轴线的夹角由工作模式和辐射器的锥度决定。The included angle between the helical side of the double notch quasi-light radiator and the axis of the circular waveguide and the angle between the straight side of the notch and the axis of the circular waveguide are determined by the working mode and the taper of the radiator.
所述的反射镜面尺寸大于高斯波束的横截面，以保证高斯波束被全部反射。The size of the reflecting mirror is larger than the cross section of the Gaussian beam to ensure that the Gaussian beam is fully reflected.
所述的输能窗为圆形，窗片采用化学气相沉积金刚石材料制成，最大功率容量为2MW；输能窗直径为80mm，厚度为2.25mm。The energy transmission window is circular, the window is made of chemical vapor deposition diamond material, and the maximum power capacity is 2MW; the diameter of the energy transmission window is 80mm, and the thickness is 2.25mm.
所述的双束输出的准光模式变换装置的工作模式为高阶腔模，即TEmn(m>>1，n>>1，m>>n)模式，且在圆波导横截面上的射线轨迹为闭合多边形。该装置适用于回旋振荡管的输出功率超过单片输能窗最大承载功率的情况。The working mode of the quasi-optical mode conversion device of the double-beam output is a high-order cavity mode, that is, TEmn (m>>1, n>>1, m>>n) mode, and on the circular waveguide cross section Ray traces are closed polygons. The device is suitable for the situation that the output power of the cyclotron oscillator exceeds the maximum carrying power of a single energy transmission window.
该装置所包含的具有周期扰动结构的圆波导、双切口辐射器、准抛物柱面反射镜、平面反射镜均由无氧铜材料制成。The device includes a circular waveguide with a periodic perturbation structure, a double-slit radiator, a quasi-parabolic reflector, and a plane reflector, all of which are made of oxygen-free copper.
本发明的双束输出的准光模式变换装置相比于现有技术，其有益效果在于：该装置通过双切口准光辐射器将高斯波束进行分离，可有效降低在高功率条件下单一输能窗被击穿，进而导致真空系统漏气的风险。该装置可用于输出功率达4MW的回旋振荡管能量输出系统，以及输出功率大于单片输能窗最大承载功率的工况。Compared with the prior art, the dual-beam output quasi-optical mode conversion device of the present invention has the beneficial effect that the device separates Gaussian beams through a double-notch quasi-optical radiator, which can effectively reduce the single energy transmission rate under high power conditions. The window is broken down, which in turn leads to the risk of air leakage in the vacuum system. The device can be used in a cyclotron oscillation tube energy output system with an output power of up to 4MW, and in working conditions where the output power is greater than the maximum carrying power of a single-chip energy transmission window.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例中的双束输出的准光模式变换装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quasi-optical mode conversion device with dual-beam output in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明的双束输出准光模式变换装置应用在回旋振荡管内的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the double-beam output quasi-optical mode conversion device of the present invention applied in a cyclotron oscillator;
图3为本发明实施例中的高阶腔体模式在圆波导内传播的原理示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of propagation of high-order cavity modes in a circular waveguide in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中的TE34,19模式的电磁波射线在圆波导内的传播路径；Fig. 4 is the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave ray of the TE34,19 mode in the circular waveguide in the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中的周期扰动模式变换波导内表面电场幅度分布；Fig. 5 is the amplitude distribution of the electric field on the inner surface of the periodic disturbance mode conversion waveguide in the embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例中的双切口准光辐射器外空间测量面上的归一化角向电场幅度分布；Fig. 6 is the normalized angular electric field amplitude distribution on the outer space measurement surface of the quasi-light radiator with double slits in the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例中的双切口准光辐射器结构示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-slit quasi-light radiator in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
本发明的双束输出的准光模式变换装置，如附图1所示，包括：具有周期扰动结构的圆波导1，用于将工作模式变换为高斯波束；The quasi-optical mode conversion device of the double-beam output of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, includes: a circular waveguide 1 with a periodic perturbation structure, which is used to convert the working mode into a Gaussian beam;
双切口准光辐射器2，用于将高斯波束向两个不同的方向辐射；Double notch quasi-light radiator 2, used to radiate the Gaussian beam to two different directions;
两个准抛物柱面反射镜3，用于对辐射器射出的高斯波束进行聚焦；Two quasi-parabolic mirrors 3 are used to focus the Gaussian beam emitted by the radiator;
两个平面反射镜4，用于调整高斯波束的传播方向；Two plane reflectors 4 are used to adjust the propagation direction of the Gaussian beam;
两个输能窗5，用于将高斯波束输出至回旋振荡管的负载。Two energy transmission windows 5 are used to output the Gaussian beam to the load of the cyclotron oscillator tube.
上述结构在回旋振荡管内的空间位置如图2所示。The spatial position of the above-mentioned structure in the cyclotron oscillation tube is shown in FIG. 2 .
本实施例中，装置设定的工作模式为TE34,19，工作频率为170GHz，采用槽加载同轴互作用波导作为高频互作用电路，输出波导的初始段为余弦渐变过渡波导，用于抑制后腔互作用以及寄生模式，同时匹配准光模式变换结构中初始端口的尺寸。圆波导在轴向和角向的周期扰动结构表达式如下：In this embodiment, the working mode set by the device is TE34,19 and the working frequency is 170 GHz. The slot-loaded coaxial interaction waveguide is used as the high-frequency interaction circuit. The initial section of the output waveguide is a cosine gradient transition waveguide, which is used for Back-cavity interactions and spurious modes are suppressed while matching the size of the initial port in the quasi-optical mode conversion structure. The structural expressions of the periodic perturbation of the circular waveguide in the axial and angular directions are as follows:
R(φ,z)＝R0+αz+δ1cos(Δm1φ±Δβ1z)+δ2cos(Δm2φ±Δβ2z)R(φ,z)＝R0 +αz+δ1 cos(Δm1 φ±Δβ1 z)+δ2 cos(Δm2 φ±Δβ2 z)
其中R0为圆波导初始半径，(φ,z)为圆波导在柱坐标系下的坐标，α为圆波导的锥度，δ1和δ2分别为轴向和角向的扰动幅度，Δm1和Δm2为工作模式和耦合模式的轴向和角向指数差，Δβ1和Δβ2为工作模式和耦合模式的轴向和角向波数差，“+”为右旋极化，“-”为左旋极化。where R0 is the initial radius of the circular waveguide, (φ, z) is the coordinate of the circular waveguide in the cylindrical coordinate system, α is the taper of the circular waveguide, δ1 and δ2 are the disturbance amplitudes in the axial and angular directions, respectively, Δm1 and Δm2 are the axial and angular index differences between the working mode and the coupling mode, Δβ1 and Δβ2 are the axial and angular wavenumber differences between the working mode and the coupling mode, "+" is right-handed polarization, "-" is left-handed polarization.
电磁能量通过周期扰动模式变换波导在圆波导内部形成连续反射的高斯波束，经由不同的反射路径，分别通过各自的螺旋切口向空间辐射，如图3所示。The electromagnetic energy transforms the waveguide through the periodic perturbation mode to form a continuous reflected Gaussian beam inside the circular waveguide, and radiates to space through the respective helical cuts through different reflection paths, as shown in Figure 3.
准光模式变换段的波导初始半径为50.6mm，波导半径的锥度为0.002，总长度为391mm，轴向最大扰动幅度0.45mm，角向最大扰动幅度0.39mm。The initial radius of the waveguide in the quasi-optical mode conversion section is 50.6mm, the taper of the waveguide radius is 0.002, the total length is 391mm, the maximum disturbance amplitude in the axial direction is 0.45mm, and the maximum disturbance amplitude in the angular direction is 0.39mm.
工作模式TE34,19的特征值为105.19296，在圆波导内射线连续反射两次时在角向的覆盖角度约为144°，即该模式的射线在圆波导内连续反射五次后可以在横截面上形成闭合的五边形，如图4所示。The eigenvalue of the working mode TE34,19 is 105.19296, and the coverage angle in the angular direction is about 144° when the rays are reflected twice in the circular waveguide. A closed pentagon is formed on the section, as shown in Figure 4.
双切口准光辐射器2是周期扰动的圆波导1的一部分，位于圆波导1的末端，其半径结构具有与圆波导相同的表达式。根据周期扰动的圆波导的结构参数，计算得到周期扰动模式变换波导内表面电场幅度分布，如图5所示。图中用线框标出的为辐射口径，即螺旋形切口的位置。辐射口径内的束斑为高斯波束，两个高斯波束分别通过辐射口径向外空间辐射。高斯波束在双切口准光辐射器外空间测量面上的归一化角向电场幅度分布如图6所示。The double-notch quasi-light radiator 2 is a part of the circular waveguide 1 with periodic disturbance, and is located at the end of the circular waveguide 1, and its radius structure has the same expression as that of the circular waveguide. According to the structural parameters of the periodically perturbed circular waveguide, the electric field amplitude distribution on the inner surface of the periodically perturbed mode-converted waveguide is calculated, as shown in Figure 5. In the figure, the radial aperture is marked with a wireframe, that is, the position of the spiral cut. The beam spot in the radiation aperture is a Gaussian beam, and the two Gaussian beams radiate to the outer space through the radiation aperture respectively. The normalized angular electric field amplitude distribution of the Gaussian beam on the outer space measurement surface of the double-notch quasi-optical radiator is shown in Fig. 6 .
双切口准光辐射器2的切口为螺旋形，切口的螺旋边与圆波导轴线的夹角、以及切口的直线边与圆波导轴线的夹角由工作模式和辐射器的锥度决定，切口在角向的宽度为一个布里渊区的角度，切口在轴向的长度为一个布里渊区的长度。两个切口之间在角向相隔一个布里渊区的宽度。经计算该工作模式的布里渊区的长度为95mm，角向宽度为1.24rad。双切口准光辐射器的结构如图7所示。The slit of the double-slit quasi-optical radiator 2 is helical, and the angle between the helical side of the slit and the axis of the circular waveguide and the angle between the straight line of the slit and the axis of the circular waveguide are determined by the working mode and the taper of the radiator. The width in the direction is the angle of a Brillouin zone, and the length of the incision in the axial direction is the length of a Brillouin zone. Two incisions are angularly separated by one Brillouin zone width. The length of the Brillouin zone of this working mode is calculated to be 95mm, and the angular width is 1.24rad. The structure of the double-notch quasi-light radiator is shown in Figure 7.
准抛物柱面反射镜3和平面反射镜4均由支撑结构固定在回旋振荡管内部，其空间位置处于高斯波束的传播路径上。反射镜面尺寸大于高斯波束的横截面，以保证高斯波束被全部反射。本实施例中两个准抛物柱面反射镜的尺寸均为120×120mm，焦距为95mm，两个平面反射镜的尺寸均为100×100mm。Both the quasi-parabolic reflector 3 and the planar reflector 4 are fixed inside the cyclotron oscillation tube by a support structure, and their spatial positions are on the propagation path of the Gaussian beam. The mirror size is larger than the cross-section of the Gaussian beam to ensure that the Gaussian beam is fully reflected. In this embodiment, the dimensions of the two quasi-parabolic mirrors are both 120×120 mm, the focal length is 95 mm, and the dimensions of the two plane mirrors are both 100×100 mm.
输能窗5为圆形，窗片采用化学气相沉积金刚石材料制成，最大功率容量为2MW。输能窗平面与输出波束的波前垂直，其位置位于高斯波束的束腰处。输能窗直径为80mm，厚度为2.25mm，正切损耗2.25×10-5，导热率18W/cm·K。The energy transmission window 5 is circular, the window is made of chemical vapor deposition diamond material, and the maximum power capacity is 2MW. The plane of the energy transmission window is perpendicular to the wavefront of the output beam, and its position is located at the beam waist of the Gaussian beam. The diameter of the energy transfer window is 80mm, the thickness is 2.25mm, the tangent loss is 2.25×10-5 , and the thermal conductivity is 18W/cm·K.
本实施例的双束输出的准光模式变换装置所适用的工作模式为高阶腔模，即TEmn(m>>1，n>>1，m>>n)模式，且在圆波导横截面上的射线轨迹为闭合多边形。The working mode applicable to the quasi-optical mode conversion device with dual-beam output in this embodiment is a high-order cavity mode, that is, the TEmn (m>>1, n>>1, m>>n) mode, and in the transverse direction of the circular waveguide The ray traces on the section are closed polygons.
该装置所包含的具有周期扰动结构的圆波导、双切口辐射器、准抛物柱面反射镜、平面反射镜均由无氧铜材料制成。The device includes a circular waveguide with a periodic perturbation structure, a double-slit radiator, a quasi-parabolic reflector, and a plane reflector, all of which are made of oxygen-free copper.
显然，以上所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。不应当将本发明的保护范围仅仅限制至上述具体结构或部件或具体参数。Apparently, the above-described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should not be limited only to the above-mentioned specific structures or components or specific parameters.
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明权利要求所限定的范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; However, these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611020733.7ACN106450595B (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2016-11-21 | A quasi-optical mode conversion device with dual beam output |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611020733.7ACN106450595B (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2016-11-21 | A quasi-optical mode conversion device with dual beam output |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106450595Atrue CN106450595A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| CN106450595B CN106450595B (en) | 2021-08-17 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611020733.7AActiveCN106450595B (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2016-11-21 | A quasi-optical mode conversion device with dual beam output |
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| CN (1) | CN106450595B (en) |
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