技术领域technical field
本发明涉及分布式光纤振动传感测量技术领域，具体涉及一种可进一步提高振动响应灵敏度的传感光缆。The invention relates to the technical field of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing and measurement, in particular to a sensing optical cable that can further improve vibration response sensitivity.
背景技术Background technique
基于相位敏感光时域反射技术的分布式光纤振动传感系统，用光纤作为传感单元实现全分布式振动实时监测，在三个层面上极具创新应用价值。首先，利用普通通信光纤作为振动传感单元，其具有体积小、重量轻、绝缘、耐高温、耐腐蚀、可超长距离传输、抗电磁干扰能力强和使用方便等优点，具备隐秘性和保密性，可广泛应用于各种危险场合，并且便于接入光纤通信网络，进而在应用层面上还可实现面向物联网应用的高性能光纤传感网络。The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry technology uses optical fiber as the sensing unit to realize fully distributed real-time vibration monitoring, which has great innovative application value on three levels. First of all, ordinary communication optical fiber is used as the vibration sensing unit, which has the advantages of small size, light weight, insulation, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, ultra-long-distance transmission, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability and convenient use, and has privacy and confidentiality It can be widely used in various dangerous situations, and it is easy to access the optical fiber communication network, and then at the application level, it can also realize a high-performance optical fiber sensor network for Internet of Things applications.
其次，由于注入的是光脉冲信号，根据散射光相对于注入光脉冲的时间差，即可实现空间定位，全分布式光纤传感技术充分利用光纤一维空间连续分布的特点，可准确测出光纤沿线上任一点被测量场（如变形、振动、冲击等）在时间和空间上的信息分布，整个光纤链路既是连续感知元件，又是低损耗传输通道，可实现对防区范围每个部位远程实时监控。Secondly, since the injection is an optical pulse signal, the spatial positioning can be realized according to the time difference between the scattered light and the injected optical pulse. The time and space information distribution of the measured field (such as deformation, vibration, impact, etc.) at any point along the line, the entire optical fiber link is not only a continuous sensing element, but also a low-loss transmission channel, which can realize remote real-time monitoring of each part of the defense zone monitor.
最后，利用高相干激光器作为传感光源（一般要求激光源线宽<10kHz），从光纤一端注入高相干激光脉冲，脉冲光在光纤沿线激发高相干后向瑞利散射光，由于注入的脉冲光有一定的时间脉宽（几十ns量级），光纤中保持时空同步的后向瑞利散射光将发生多光束干涉现象，当光纤线路由于振动、冲击、入侵或者声波等发生扰动时，相应位置处光纤的折射率及长度将会发生动态变化，导致该位置处瑞利散射光的干涉谱发生相应变化，通过对瑞利散射光干涉谱的幅度及相位信息进行解调，即可获得振动扰动的全部信息。Finally, a high-coherence laser is used as the sensing light source (the linewidth of the laser source is generally required to be <10kHz), and a high-coherence laser pulse is injected from one end of the fiber. With a certain time pulse width (on the order of tens of ns), the backward Rayleigh scattered light that maintains time-space synchronization in the optical fiber will cause multi-beam interference. When the optical fiber line is disturbed by vibration, impact, intrusion or sound waves, the corresponding The refractive index and length of the optical fiber at the position will change dynamically, resulting in a corresponding change in the interference spectrum of the Rayleigh scattered light at this position. By demodulating the amplitude and phase information of the Rayleigh scattered light interference spectrum, the vibration All disturbance information.
分布式光纤振动传感系统属于传感领域的前沿技术，单通道振动传感距离可以实现50公里以上，振动监测频率范围可实现1kHz以上，空间定位精度可以达到5米以内，目前大部分研究工作基本还处于实验室，但一些工程应用也在逐步开展之中，在实际应用工程中，光纤是以光缆的形式得到应用的，不同的应用场合对光缆及其使用布置均有苛刻的要求。The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system is a cutting-edge technology in the field of sensing. The single-channel vibration sensing distance can be more than 50 kilometers, the vibration monitoring frequency range can be more than 1 kHz, and the spatial positioning accuracy can reach less than 5 meters. Most of the current research work It is basically still in the laboratory, but some engineering applications are gradually being developed. In practical application projects, optical fibers are used in the form of optical cables. Different applications have strict requirements on optical cables and their use and layout.
目前已有的长距离分布式光纤振动传感系统技术，在应用方面主要存在两个问题，一、部分场合振动传感灵敏度不够，目前该技术实现的探测灵敏度基本可达到100nε量级，但在一些高灵敏度振动监测场合，如微弱振动、声波侦听等领域，灵敏度仍远远不够；二、在恶劣的室外应用环境中，光纤如何被有效保护起来，但又可以充分发挥其作为振动传感单元的效果，这是一个非常值得研究的工程应用问题。而目前长距离（>10公里）的传感光缆主要釆用各类常规的光通信光缆，护套多为塑料等高分子材料。用于振动传感时，具有塑料外护套的光缆有振动缓冲作用，减弱了振动信号和降低了传感灵敏度，且外形为圆型的光缆与振动波是线接触，因而振动信息传递效率极低；即使外形为扁平状的光缆，塑料外护套的机械性能和可响应的振动频率均较低。在一些要求较高的场合，这些光缆完全都不能满足应用要求。At present, there are two main problems in the application of the existing long-distance distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system technology. First, the vibration sensing sensitivity is not enough in some occasions. At present, the detection sensitivity achieved by this technology can basically reach the order of 100nε, but in In some high-sensitivity vibration monitoring occasions, such as weak vibration, sound wave interception and other fields, the sensitivity is still far from enough; Second, in the harsh outdoor application environment, how to effectively protect the optical fiber, but can give full play to its role as a vibration sensor This is an engineering application problem worthy of research. At present, long-distance (>10 kilometers) sensing optical cables mainly use various conventional optical communication optical cables, and the sheaths are mostly polymer materials such as plastics. When used for vibration sensing, the optical cable with a plastic outer sheath has a vibration buffering effect, which weakens the vibration signal and reduces the sensing sensitivity, and the circular optical cable is in line contact with the vibration wave, so the transmission efficiency of vibration information is extremely high. Low; even for a flat optical cable, the plastic outer sheath has low mechanical properties and responsive vibration frequencies. In some demanding occasions, these optical cables cannot meet the application requirements at all.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服目前分布式光纤振动传感系统所用传感光缆的缺点，更好地满足在保持长距离、高振动响应频率的性能参数同时，实现振动响应灵敏度的进一步提升优化和传感光缆的保护加强，本发明提供一种金属基带铠装加强的传感光缆设计，以及在应用中的具体布置方法。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the sensing optical cables used in the current distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system, better meet the performance parameters of long distance and high vibration response frequency, and realize further improvement of vibration response sensitivity optimization and protection of sensing optical cables , the present invention provides a metal base tape armored and reinforced sensing optical cable design, as well as a specific arrangement method in application.
一种高灵敏度金属基带铠装振动传感光缆，其包括光纤、金属基带、金属通孔和粘合剂；它可以实现为光纤提供一种加工简易且低成本的铠装增强保护方式，提高振动传感光缆使用寿命；能实现将振动扰动更多的转换到光纤形变上，提高振动传感灵敏度；它可以焊接到待监测区域，长期保持处于高灵敏度振动待接收状态。金属基带由两片互对称的带凹槽的金属片构成，光纤通过涂覆层或粘合剂固定在两片互对称的带凹槽的金属片之间且位于由所述凹槽中，光纤和两片所述金属片通过粘合剂粘结固化成整体。A high-sensitivity metal base tape armored vibration sensing optical cable, which includes an optical fiber, a metal base tape, a metal through hole and an adhesive; it can provide a simple and low-cost armored reinforcement protection method for the optical fiber to improve vibration The service life of the sensing optical cable; it can realize the conversion of more vibration disturbances to the deformation of the optical fiber, and improve the sensitivity of vibration sensing; it can be welded to the area to be monitored, and it can be kept in a high-sensitivity vibration waiting state for a long time. The metal baseband is composed of two mutually symmetrical grooved metal sheets, and the optical fiber is fixed between the two mutually symmetrical grooved metal sheets through a coating layer or an adhesive and is located in the groove, and the optical fiber and the two metal sheets are bonded and solidified by an adhesive to form a whole.
进一步地，所述凹槽为半椭圆形槽。Further, the groove is a semi-elliptical groove.
进一步地，光纤为一根或多根，纤芯为圆形，纤芯直径为3~15μm；光纤包层为圆形，包层直径为80~440μm。Further, there are one or more optical fibers, the core is circular, and the diameter of the core is 3-15 μm; the cladding of the optical fiber is circular, and the cladding diameter is 80-440 μm.
进一步地，光纤为带涂覆层的普通单模或多模光纤，光纤尺寸为250μm。Further, the optical fiber is a common single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber with a coating layer, and the fiber size is 250 μm.
进一步地，金属基带的材料为铜、铝或不锈钢，基带的厚度为0.1~0.6mm，宽度为30~100mm，长度根据传感距离确定。Further, the material of the metal baseband is copper, aluminum or stainless steel, the thickness of the baseband is 0.1-0.6mm, the width is 30-100mm, and the length is determined according to the sensing distance.
进一步地，所述的金属通孔为金属基带上的镂空序列，通孔为圆孔、方孔或者长方形孔，其孔径或边长为2~10mm，便于实现通过金属通孔将振动传感光缆焊接到金属结构件上。Further, the metal through-hole is a hollowed-out sequence on the metal baseband, and the through-hole is a round hole, a square hole or a rectangular hole, and its aperture or side length is 2-10 mm, which is convenient for realizing the vibration sensing optical cable through the metal through-hole. Welded to metal structural parts.
进一步地，所述的粘合剂选用高强度高稳定性的适用于金属与玻璃的粘合剂。Further, the adhesive is selected from high-strength and high-stability adhesives suitable for metal and glass.
本发明基本原理如下：使用常规通信单模光纤作为传感光缆可以实现超长距离的振动监测，由于光纤芯径非常细（带涂覆层直径250微米），无法对振动信号进行良好接收及传递，因而振动导致光纤形变太微小，相应位置处光纤的折射率及长度发生相应变化也极其微弱，最终导致振动信号无法被监测到。另外，这种裸光纤没有采取保护增强，在实际的工程环境中极易被弄断而导致无法使用。而普通有保护增强的常规传感光缆，护套多为塑料等高分子材料，振动传感时塑料外护套具有振动缓冲作用，减弱了振动信号，且外形为圆型的光缆其振动信息传递效率极低；即使外形为扁平状的光缆，塑料外护套的机械性能和可响应的振动频率均较低。The basic principle of the present invention is as follows: using a conventional communication single-mode optical fiber as a sensing optical cable can realize ultra-long-distance vibration monitoring, because the core diameter of the optical fiber is very thin (with a coating diameter of 250 microns), it is impossible to receive and transmit vibration signals well , so that the vibration causes the optical fiber to deform too little, and the corresponding changes in the refractive index and length of the optical fiber at the corresponding position are also extremely weak, and finally the vibration signal cannot be monitored. In addition, this kind of bare optical fiber has no protection enhancement, so it is very easy to be broken in an actual engineering environment, making it unusable. For ordinary sensing optical cables with enhanced protection, the sheaths are mostly polymer materials such as plastics. During vibration sensing, the plastic outer sheath has a vibration buffering effect, which weakens the vibration signal, and the optical cable with a round shape transmits vibration information. Extremely inefficient; even with a flat cable, the plastic outer sheath has low mechanical properties and low vibration frequencies to which it can respond.
为了解决实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种金属基带扁平式复合振动传感光缆，包括光纤和金属基带，金属基带有对称两片，均加工有半椭圆形槽，通过对贴方式将光纤固定在椭圆槽中，再通过涂覆层或者粘合剂，将光纤和两片金属基带粘结固化成整体。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a metal base band flat compound vibration sensing optical cable, including an optical fiber and a metal base band, and the metal base band has two symmetrical pieces, each of which is processed with a semi-elliptical groove. The optical fiber is fixed in the elliptical groove, and then the optical fiber and two pieces of metal base tape are bonded and cured into a whole through a coating layer or an adhesive.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
（1）该金属基带铠装加强传感光缆设计为光纤提供一种加工简易且低成本的铠装增强保护方式，极大提高传感光缆使用寿命，且传感光缆可焊接到待监测区域，长期保持处于高灵敏度振动待接收状态；(1) The metal base tape armored reinforced sensing optical cable is designed to provide an easy-to-process and low-cost armored enhanced protection method for optical fibers, which greatly improves the service life of the sensing optical cable, and the sensing optical cable can be welded to the area to be monitored. Keep in the high-sensitivity vibration waiting state for a long time;
（2）该金属基带铠装加强传感光缆设计能将振动扰动更多的转换到光纤的形变上，极大提高振动监测的灵敏度，可实现超微弱振动信号如声波的长距离分布式实时监听。(2) The design of the metal base tape armored reinforced sensing optical cable can convert more vibration disturbances to the deformation of the optical fiber, greatly improving the sensitivity of vibration monitoring, and realizing long-distance distributed real-time monitoring of ultra-weak vibration signals such as sound waves .
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实例中基于光纤与金属基带复合结构实现提高振动传感灵敏度的原理图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of improving the sensitivity of vibration sensing based on the composite structure of optical fiber and metal baseband in the example;
图2 为实例中高灵敏度金属基带铠装加强传感光缆的结构正视图；Figure 2 is a front view of the structure of the high-sensitivity metal baseband armored reinforced sensing optical cable in the example;
图3 为实例中高灵敏度金属基带铠装加强传感光缆的侧视图；Fig. 3 is the side view of the high-sensitivity metal baseband armored reinforced sensing optical cable in the example;
图4为实例中高灵敏度金属基带铠装加强传感光缆的应用安装示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the application and installation of the high-sensitivity metal base tape armored reinforced sensing optical cable in the example.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的具体实施作进一步说明，但本发明的实施和保护不限于此，需指出的是，以下若有未特别详细说明之处，均是本领域技术人员可参照现有技术实现的。The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but the implementation and protection of the present invention are not limited to this, it should be pointed out that if there are no specific details below, those skilled in the art can refer to Achieved by existing technology.
本发明提出高灵敏度金属基带铠装加强传感光缆为扁平式复合结构，如图1所示，首先，该扁平式复合结构为光纤提供了一种极其简便的铠装增强保护，使得光纤不易被折断或压碎，提高其使用寿命；其次，该扁平式复合结构提供一个较为良好的振动接收面，振动波传导至金属薄片，引起金属薄片发生形变，由于金属薄片与光纤固定成一个整体，金属薄片的形变将带动光纤形变，这种结构能将振动扰动更多的转换到光纤的形变上，使得相应位置处光纤的折射率及长度变化更剧烈，导致该位置处瑞利散射光的干涉谱发生变化更明显，通过对瑞利散射光干涉谱的幅度及相位信息进行解调，即可获得高灵敏度的振动信息监测；最后，金属薄片扁平式复合传感光缆有利于具体工程应用布置，可以将金属薄片绷紧后直接焊接在金属固定杆上，使得复合传感光缆一直处于高灵敏度的振动待接收状态。The present invention proposes that the high-sensitivity metal base tape armored reinforced sensing optical cable is a flat composite structure, as shown in Figure 1, firstly, the flat composite structure provides an extremely convenient armored enhanced protection for the optical fiber, making the optical fiber difficult to be broken or crushed to improve its service life; secondly, the flat composite structure provides a relatively good vibration receiving surface, and the vibration wave is transmitted to the metal sheet, causing the metal sheet to deform. Since the metal sheet and the optical fiber are fixed as a whole, the metal The deformation of the sheet will drive the deformation of the optical fiber. This structure can convert more vibration disturbances to the deformation of the optical fiber, making the refractive index and length of the optical fiber at the corresponding position change more drastically, resulting in the interference spectrum of Rayleigh scattered light at this position. The change is more obvious. By demodulating the amplitude and phase information of the Rayleigh scattered light interference spectrum, high-sensitivity vibration information monitoring can be obtained; finally, the metal sheet flat composite sensing optical cable is conducive to the layout of specific engineering applications, and can The metal sheet is stretched and welded directly on the metal fixing rod, so that the composite sensing optical cable is always in a high-sensitivity vibration waiting state.
图2是本实例高灵敏度金属基带铠装传感光缆结构正视示意图，该高灵敏度金属基带铠装振动传感光缆包括光纤1、金属基带2、金属通孔3和粘合剂4；它可以实现为光纤提供一种加工简易且低成本的铠装增强保护方式，提高振动传感光缆使用寿命；能实现将振动扰动更多的转换到光纤形变上，提高振动传感灵敏度；它可以焊接到待监测区域，长期保持处于高灵敏度振动待接收状态。金属基带2由两片互对称的带凹槽的金属片构成，光纤1通过涂覆层或粘合剂4固定在两片互对称的带凹槽的金属片之间且位于由所述凹槽中，光纤和两片所述金属片通过粘合剂4粘结固化成整体。所述凹槽为半椭圆形槽。Fig. 2 is the front schematic view of the structure of the high-sensitivity metal baseband armored sensing optical cable of this example, and this high-sensitivity metal baseband armored vibration sensing optical cable comprises optical fiber 1, metal baseband 2, metal through-hole 3 and adhesive 4; It can realize It provides an easy-to-process and low-cost armored reinforcement protection method for optical fibers, which improves the service life of vibration sensing optical cables; it can realize more conversion of vibration disturbances to optical fiber deformation, and improve vibration sensing sensitivity; it can be welded to waiting The monitoring area is kept in a high-sensitivity vibration waiting state for a long time. The metal base tape 2 is composed of two mutually symmetrical grooved metal sheets, and the optical fiber 1 is fixed between the two mutually symmetrical grooved metal sheets through a coating layer or an adhesive 4 and is located between the two symmetrical grooved metal sheets. In the present invention, the optical fiber and the two metal sheets are bonded and solidified by the adhesive 4 to form a whole. The groove is a semi-elliptical groove.
图3是传感光缆设计结构侧视示意图，该实例中包括三根光纤（11、12、13）、两片带半椭圆形槽的基带（21、22），金属通孔序列3，用于光纤与金属基带之间的粘合剂4；三根光纤1分别置于半椭圆形槽金属带的槽中，两片带有半椭圆形槽的基带2，通过对贴方式将光纤固定在椭圆槽中，再通过粘合剂4将光纤1和两片金属基带2粘结固化成整体。其中光纤1为带涂覆层的普通单模或多模光纤，其尺寸为0.25mm；金属基带2为金属薄片，其材料可以为铜、铝、不锈钢等，基带的厚度为0.1~0.6mm，宽度为30~100mm，长度与传感距离相关，可根据实际应用情况确定；金属通孔3为将金属基带2上的镂空孔序列，可以为圆孔、方孔或者长方形孔等，其孔径为2~10mm，镂空孔的设计有两点用途，一是降低金属基带铠装传感光缆的重量，且便于长距离传感光缆的卷曲保存及运输，二是在实际工程施工中，可以通过金属通孔将传感光缆焊接到金属结构件上。Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the design structure of the sensing optical cable, which includes three optical fibers (11, 12, 13), two basebands (21, 22) with semi-elliptical grooves, and a series of metal through holes 3 for optical fibers Adhesive 4 between the metal base tape; three optical fibers 1 are respectively placed in the grooves of the semi-elliptical grooved metal tape, and two base tapes 2 with semi-elliptical grooves are used to fix the optical fibers in the elliptical grooves by facing each other , and then the optical fiber 1 and the two metal base tapes 2 are bonded and cured into a whole through an adhesive 4 . Among them, the optical fiber 1 is an ordinary single-mode or multi-mode optical fiber with a coating layer, and its size is 0.25mm; the metal baseband 2 is a metal sheet, and its material can be copper, aluminum, stainless steel, etc., and the thickness of the baseband is 0.1~0.6mm. The width is 30~100mm, and the length is related to the sensing distance, which can be determined according to the actual application situation; the metal through hole 3 is a sequence of hollow holes on the metal substrate 2, which can be a round hole, a square hole or a rectangular hole, etc., and the hole diameter is 2~10mm, the design of the hollow hole has two purposes, one is to reduce the weight of the metal base tape armored sensing optical cable, and it is convenient for the curling storage and transportation of the long-distance sensing optical cable, and the other is that in actual engineering construction, it can pass through the metal The through hole solders the sensing fiber optic cable to the metal structure.
图4为本实例的高灵敏度金属基带铠装加强传感光缆应用示意图，多根支撑金属柱6固定在所需测量的工程环境中，将振动传感光缆5沿垂直于支撑金属柱6竖立的方向布置过去，通过金属通孔3将振动传感光缆5焊接到支撑金属柱6上，焊接时可以将振动传感光缆5预绷紧，进而使得焊接后可长期保持处于高灵敏度振动待接收状态。其中金属基带铠装加强振动传感光缆5上的三根复合光纤均可用于振动传感，中间光纤的振动传感灵敏度最高，边上光纤的振动传感灵敏度稍弱。支撑金属柱6为金属支撑结构件，其材料可以为铜、铝、不锈钢等，金属柱的尺寸为10~100mm。Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the application of the high-sensitivity metal baseband armored reinforced sensing optical cable of this example, a plurality of supporting metal columns 6 are fixed in the engineering environment to be measured, and the vibration sensing optical cable 5 is erected vertically to the supporting metal columns 6 The direction is arranged in the past, and the vibration sensing optical cable 5 is welded to the supporting metal column 6 through the metal through hole 3. The vibration sensing optical cable 5 can be pre-tensioned during welding, so that it can be kept in a high-sensitivity vibration waiting state for a long time after welding . Among them, the three composite optical fibers on the metal baseband armored reinforced vibration sensing optical cable 5 can be used for vibration sensing, the vibration sensing sensitivity of the middle optical fiber is the highest, and the vibration sensing sensitivity of the side optical fibers is slightly weaker. The supporting metal column 6 is a metal supporting structure, and its material can be copper, aluminum, stainless steel, etc., and the size of the metal column is 10-100mm.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611084110.6ACN106405771A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | High-sensitivity metal baseband armored vibration sensing optical cable |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611084110.6ACN106405771A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | High-sensitivity metal baseband armored vibration sensing optical cable |
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| CN106405771Atrue CN106405771A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201611084110.6APendingCN106405771A (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2016-11-30 | High-sensitivity metal baseband armored vibration sensing optical cable |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20170215 |