技术领域technical field
本发明涉及路灯照明的智能控制技术领域，具体地说是一种基于测定人流量的路灯系统。The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent control of street lamp lighting, in particular to a street lamp system based on measuring the flow of people.
背景技术Background technique
目前大部分的路灯都采用统一开关的控制方式，这样在夜间无论是否有人车通过，路灯都一直保持常亮状态，包括在交通忙闲明显区分的偏僻地区以及人车流量相对较少的夜间，这种常亮状态必然造成了能源的严重浪费，其不合理性明显凸现。路灯照明的目标服务对象是行人，当道路上有行人且行人较多时，照明应当充足，而当道路上有行人但比较稀少时，可适当降低路灯照明亮度，在当道路上没有行人时，可将亮度降低到最低，从而让有限的光亮服务更多的人。现有市场上的控制器比较简单，有些控制路灯整夜以同一亮度照明，有些则提供照明一定时间后关灯，以图省电，这些控制不够人性化和合理化。将路灯完全关断后，道路黑暗，对道路安全更是不利。无路灯照明与光线不足是两个完全不同的概念，前者会导致行人无法看到道路和障碍物，后者可以使行人能看到道路和障碍物，基本可保证行人安全。At present, most of the street lights adopt a unified switch control method, so that no matter whether there are people or vehicles passing by at night, the street lights are always on, including in remote areas where the traffic is clearly differentiated between busy and idle, and at night when the flow of people and vehicles is relatively small. This always-on state will inevitably cause a serious waste of energy, and its irrationality is obviously highlighted. The target service object of street lighting is pedestrians. When there are pedestrians on the road and there are many pedestrians, the lighting should be sufficient. When there are pedestrians on the road but relatively few, the brightness of street lighting can be appropriately reduced. When there are no pedestrians on the road, it can be Reduce the brightness to the minimum, so that the limited light can serve more people. The controllers on the existing market are relatively simple. Some control street lights to illuminate at the same brightness all night, and some provide lighting to turn off the lights after a certain period of time in order to save power. These controls are not humanized and rational. After the street lights are completely turned off, the road is dark, which is even more unfavorable to road safety. No street lighting and insufficient light are two completely different concepts. The former will cause pedestrians to be unable to see the road and obstacles, while the latter can make pedestrians see the road and obstacles, which can basically guarantee the safety of pedestrians.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于测定人流量的路灯系统，通过该系统对LED路灯的亮灭进行智能化控制，从而不仅能够起到节约电能的作用，避免能源浪费，同时也能有效确保道路行人的交通安全。The object of the present invention is to provide a street lamp system based on measuring the flow of people, through which the LED street lamps can be intelligently controlled, so that it can not only save electric energy, avoid energy waste, but also effectively ensure the safety of roads. Pedestrian traffic safety.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为，一种基于测定人流量的路灯系统，包括若干组LED路灯照明系统和设置在每组LED路灯照明系统上人流量检测器，每组LED路灯照明系统包括多个子LED路灯系统，每个子LED路灯系统包括路灯杆、LED灯头、太阳能电池板、供电锂电池组件、智能控制器，所述LED灯头可拆卸安装在路灯杆上部，所述太阳能电池板倾斜安装在路灯杆的顶部，所述供电锂电池组件和智能控制器均设置在太阳能电池板的背面；所述人流量检测器设置在任一个子LED路灯系统的灯杆上，所述人流量检测器包括红外探测器和人流量处理器，所述红外探测器与人流量处理器通过导线相连，所述人流量处理器通过ZigBee无线网络连接位于同一组LED路灯照明系统中的所有智能控制器；所述LED灯头、太阳能电池板和供电锂电池组件均与智能控制器相连，所述智能控制器包括控制主板、电池板管理模块、锂电池管理模块、LED照明驱动模块和ZigBee通信模块，所述电池板管理模块、锂电池管理模块和LED照明驱动模块均与控制主板相连，所述LED照明驱动模块与ZigBee通信模块相连。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is, a street lamp system based on measuring the flow of people, including several groups of LED street lamp lighting systems and a human flow detector installed on each group of LED street lamp lighting systems, each group of LED street lamp lighting The system includes a plurality of sub-LED street light systems, each sub-LED street light system includes a street light pole, an LED lamp head, a solar panel, a power supply lithium battery assembly, and an intelligent controller. It is obliquely installed on the top of the street light pole, and the power supply lithium battery assembly and the intelligent controller are all set on the back of the solar panel; the human flow detector is set on the light pole of any sub LED street light system, and the human flow detection The device includes an infrared detector and a people flow processor, the infrared detector is connected to the people flow processor through a wire, and the people flow processor is connected to all intelligent controllers in the same group of LED street lighting systems through a ZigBee wireless network; The LED lamp holder, the solar battery panel and the lithium battery assembly for power supply are all connected to an intelligent controller, and the intelligent controller includes a control board, a battery board management module, a lithium battery management module, an LED lighting driver module and a ZigBee communication module. The battery board management module, the lithium battery management module and the LED lighting driver module are all connected to the control main board, and the LED lighting driver module is connected to the ZigBee communication module.
作为本发明的一种改进， 所述供电锂电池组件包括封装壳体和设置在封装壳体内部的电池保护板和保温锂电池组，所述保温锂电池组包括保温层和锂电池包，所述保温层包裹住整个锂电池包，所述锂电池包包括热缩套和设置在热缩套内部的锂电池组、恒温控制板、发热板和导热铝板，所述导热铝板与锂电池组的多个侧面贴附接触，所述恒温控制板紧贴锂电池组的表面并远离导热铝板，所述发热板贴附在导热铝板的表面，所述锂电池组和恒温控制板均通过导线连接电池保护板。As an improvement of the present invention, the power supply lithium battery assembly includes a packaging case, a battery protection plate and a thermal insulation lithium battery pack arranged inside the packaging housing, and the thermal insulation lithium battery pack includes a thermal insulation layer and a lithium battery pack. The thermal insulation layer wraps the entire lithium battery pack. The lithium battery pack includes a heat-shrinkable sleeve and a lithium battery pack arranged inside the heat-shrinkable sleeve, a constant temperature control board, a heating plate, and a heat-conducting aluminum plate. The heat-conducting aluminum plate is connected to the lithium battery pack. Multiple sides are attached and contacted, the constant temperature control board is close to the surface of the lithium battery pack and away from the heat-conducting aluminum plate, the heating plate is attached to the surface of the heat-conducting aluminum plate, and the lithium battery pack and the constant temperature control board are connected to the battery through wires Protection board.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述恒温控制板包括一组贴片式温度传感器和加热控制电路，所述发热板是一种PTC恒温发热元件，所述贴片式温度传感器设置在恒温控制板上，并与锂电池组相接触，所述PTC恒温发热元件与导热铝板间贴附接触并传热，PTC恒温发热元件与恒温控制板通过导线相连接。As an improvement of the present invention, the constant temperature control board includes a set of patch temperature sensors and a heating control circuit, the heating plate is a PTC constant temperature heating element, and the patch temperature sensor is arranged on the constant temperature control board On, and in contact with the lithium battery pack, the PTC constant temperature heating element is in contact with the heat conduction aluminum plate and conducts heat, and the PTC constant temperature heating element is connected to the constant temperature control board through wires.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述锂电池管理模块包括电池组智能充放电单元、电池组电压均衡单元、电池组状态监测单元和电流检测单元，所述电池保护板包括过压保护单元、欠压保护单元、充电涓流保护单元、防反接保护单元、过温保护单元、低温保护单元、过放保护单元和过充保护单元，所述电池组电压均衡单元中设有多个电压均衡芯片、分流放电支路电阻和与分流放电支路电阻串联的分流放电支路控制开关器件，所述电池组智能充放电单元中设有具有PWM控制端口的PIC芯片、充电控制开关器件和放电控制开关器件，所述过压保护单元采用TI 的二级过压保护芯片，所述电流检测单元中设有电流传感器芯片，所述过温保护单元中设有温度传感器。As an improvement of the present invention, the lithium battery management module includes a battery pack intelligent charging and discharging unit, a battery pack voltage equalization unit, a battery pack status monitoring unit, and a current detection unit, and the battery protection board includes an overvoltage protection unit, an undervoltage Voltage protection unit, charge trickle protection unit, anti-reverse connection protection unit, over-temperature protection unit, low-temperature protection unit, over-discharge protection unit and over-charge protection unit, the battery pack voltage equalization unit is provided with multiple voltage equalization chips , the shunt discharge branch resistance and the shunt discharge branch control switching device connected in series with the shunt discharge branch resistance, the intelligent charge and discharge unit of the battery pack is provided with a PIC chip with a PWM control port, a charge control switch device and a discharge control switch device, the overvoltage protection unit adopts TI’s secondary overvoltage protection chip, the current detection unit is provided with a current sensor chip, and the overtemperature protection unit is provided with a temperature sensor.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述锂电池组采用若干节锂电池串联组成，所述分流放电支路控制开关器件采用N沟道MOS管，所述充电控制开关器件采用PNP三极管，所述放电控制开关器件采用Ｎ沟道MOS管；所述电压均衡芯片的型号为S8209A，所述充电控制开关器件连接电压均衡芯片的CO管脚，所述放电控制开关器件连接电压均衡芯片的DO管脚，所述分流放电支路控制开关器件连接电压均衡芯片的CB管脚，所述分流放电支路电阻连接在N沟道MOS管的漏极端。As an improvement of the present invention, the lithium battery pack is composed of several lithium batteries connected in series, the shunt discharge branch control switching device adopts an N-channel MOS transistor, the charging control switching device adopts a PNP triode, and the discharge The control switching device adopts an N-channel MOS transistor; the model of the voltage equalization chip is S8209A, the charging control switching device is connected to the CO pin of the voltage balancing chip, and the discharge control switching device is connected to the DO pin of the voltage balancing chip. The shunt discharge branch control switching device is connected to the CB pin of the voltage equalization chip, and the shunt discharge branch resistance is connected to the drain terminal of the N-channel MOS transistor.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述电池板管理模块包括电池板电压检测单元、温度补偿单元、电池板汇流电流检测单元、实时转换效率检测单元、防雷击保护单元和防反充保护单元，所述电池板电压检测单元采用MOS场效应管和取样电阻构成的电压检测电路，用于判断外部环境的亮度，以确定白天与黑夜；所述LED照明驱动模块包括PWM调光控制单元、升压恒流驱动单元和亮灯开关电路，所述亮灯开关电路与ZigBee通信模块相连。As an improvement of the present invention, the battery board management module includes a battery board voltage detection unit, a temperature compensation unit, a battery board sink current detection unit, a real-time conversion efficiency detection unit, a lightning protection unit and an anti-reverse charging protection unit, The battery board voltage detection unit adopts a voltage detection circuit composed of a MOS field effect transistor and a sampling resistor, which is used to judge the brightness of the external environment to determine day and night; the LED lighting drive module includes a PWM dimming control unit, a booster A constant current drive unit and a light switch circuit, the light switch circuit is connected with the ZigBee communication module.
作为本发明的一种改进， 每组LED路灯照明系统包括3-5个子LED路灯系统，相邻的两个子LED路灯系统中路灯杆的距离为25-30m，所述路灯杆上在距离地面0.5-1m的部位开设有U形凹槽，所述人流量检测器固定安装在U形凹槽中，并且保证所述红外探测器所发射的红外线与路灯杆的中轴线相垂直。As an improvement of the present invention, each group of LED street lamp lighting systems includes 3-5 sub-LED street lamp systems, the distance between the street lamp poles in two adjacent sub-LED street lamp systems is 25-30m, and the distance between the street lamp poles is 0.5 m from the ground. There is a U-shaped groove at the position of -1m, and the human flow detector is fixedly installed in the U-shaped groove, and ensures that the infrared rays emitted by the infrared detector are perpendicular to the central axis of the street light pole.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述太阳能电池板在路灯杆上的安装平面与水平地面间的倾斜夹角为30°～60°，该倾斜夹角可根据路灯杆所处的当地纬度进行微调，以实现太阳能电池板的全年发电量最大化。As an improvement of the present invention, the inclination angle between the installation plane of the solar cell panel on the street light pole and the horizontal ground is 30°-60°, and the inclination angle can be fine-tuned according to the local latitude where the street light pole is located , in order to maximize the year-round power generation of solar panels.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述红外探测器采用具有双光路的主动式红外探测器，位于双光路中的红外光源采用红外半导体激光器，另外，所述主动式红外探测器的最短遮光时间选用15ms，当遮光时间小于15ms时，红外探测器不产生人流量信号，而当遮光时间大于15ms时，红外探测器向人流量处理器发送人流量信号；所述人流量处理器包括AD转换单元、滤波处理单元、信号放大单元、ZigBee信号生成单元、ZigBee信号发射单元和供电单元。As an improvement of the present invention, the infrared detector adopts an active infrared detector with dual optical paths, and the infrared light source located in the dual optical paths adopts an infrared semiconductor laser. In addition, the shortest shading time of the active infrared detector is selected 15ms, when the shading time is less than 15ms, the infrared detector does not generate the traffic signal, and when the shading time is greater than 15ms, the infrared detector sends the traffic signal to the traffic processor; the traffic processor includes an AD conversion unit, A filtering processing unit, a signal amplifying unit, a ZigBee signal generating unit, a ZigBee signal transmitting unit and a power supply unit.
作为本发明的一种改进，所述控制主板采用PIC主控芯片，所述PIC主控芯片上设置有多种亮灯模式，所述亮灯模式至少包括调光模式、开关模式和渐变模式，根据亮灯时间段内的人流量信号频率，PIC主控芯片控制LED灯头在多种亮灯模式之间进行切换。As an improvement of the present invention, the control board adopts a PIC main control chip, and the PIC main control chip is provided with various lighting modes, and the lighting modes include at least a dimming mode, a switch mode and a gradual change mode, According to the frequency of the traffic signal during the lighting time period, the PIC main control chip controls the LED lamp head to switch between various lighting modes.
相对于现有技术，本发明的优点如下：整个系统的结构设计巧妙，拆卸组装维修更换方便，可扩展性好，成本较低，可有效实现LED路灯照明的智能化、人性化和低能耗控制；在系统中对LED灯头的亮灭与调光控制上采用灯与人流量的联动方式，并且根据亮灯时间段内的人流量信号频率，智能控制器中的PIC主控芯片控制LED灯头在包含调光模式、开关模式和渐变模式的多种亮灯模式之间进行切换，可做到深夜时段有人灯亮、无人灯灭的亮灯照明功能，从而有效节约电能并在一定程度上延长路灯的使用寿命，并能使得人们始终能感受到明亮的道路环境，充分满足了人们的照明需求。由于系统中的人流检测器几乎是等间隔设置，并且在人流检测器中采用双光路的主动式红外探测器，抗干扰及防误报能力强且检测灵敏度及精度高，可有效准确检测人流量信号，并将人流量信号采用ZigBee无线网络进行实时传送至各子LED路灯系统中，具有信号传输时效好、功耗低、成本低、易于实现、抗干扰能力强以及传输可靠性高等特点。另外在LED照明驱动模块的亮灯开关电路中设定了开关的延迟时间，从而对LED灯头实现延迟关断的功能，可在一定程度上延长LED灯头的使用寿命。Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: the structural design of the whole system is ingenious, the disassembly, assembly, maintenance and replacement are convenient, the scalability is good, the cost is low, and the intelligent, humanized and low energy consumption control of LED street lighting can be effectively realized ; In the system, the linkage mode between the lamp and the flow of people is adopted for the on-off and dimming control of the LED lamp head, and according to the signal frequency of the flow of people in the lighting time period, the PIC main control chip in the intelligent controller controls the LED lamp head in the Switching between various lighting modes including dimming mode, switch mode and gradient mode can realize the lighting function of lighting on and off when someone is in the middle of the night, so as to effectively save power and extend street lights to a certain extent. The service life is long, and people can always feel the bright road environment, which fully meets people's lighting needs. Since the human flow detectors in the system are set at almost equal intervals, and dual optical path active infrared detectors are used in the human flow detectors, the anti-interference and anti-false alarm capabilities are strong and the detection sensitivity and precision are high, which can effectively and accurately detect the flow of people Signal, and the traffic signal is transmitted to each sub-LED street lamp system in real time through ZigBee wireless network, which has the characteristics of good signal transmission timeliness, low power consumption, low cost, easy implementation, strong anti-interference ability and high transmission reliability. In addition, the switch delay time is set in the lighting switch circuit of the LED lighting drive module, so that the delayed turn-off function of the LED lamp head can be realized, and the service life of the LED lamp head can be extended to a certain extent.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的LED路灯智能控制系统结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the LED street lamp intelligent control system of the present invention.
图2为本发明的子LED路灯系统结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the sub-LED street lamp system of the present invention.
图3为本发明的系统中供电锂电池组件的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply lithium battery assembly in the system of the present invention.
图4为本发明的系统中保温锂电池组的结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the thermal insulation lithium battery pack in the system of the present invention.
图5为本发明的本发明优选实施例的电池组电压均衡单元电路图。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack voltage equalization unit in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
图中：1-封装壳体，2-电池保护板，3-智能控制盒，4-保温锂电池组，5-保险丝，6-电源线缆和控制线缆，7-保温层，8-热缩套，9-发热板，10-导热铝板，11-锂电池组，12-恒温控制板，13-贴片式温度传感器。In the figure: 1-Encapsulation shell, 2-Battery protection board, 3-Intelligent control box, 4-Insulation lithium battery pack, 5-Fuse, 6-Power cable and control cable, 7-Insulation layer, 8-Heater Shrink sleeve, 9- heating plate, 10- heat conduction aluminum plate, 11- lithium battery pack, 12- constant temperature control board, 13- patch temperature sensor.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了加深对本发明的理解和认识，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述和介绍。In order to deepen the understanding and recognition of the present invention, the present invention will be further described and introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
一种基于测定人流量的路灯系统，参见图1-2，包括若干组LED路灯照明系统和设置在每组LED路灯照明系统上人流量检测器，所述LED路灯照明系统的组数由道路的总长度决定，相邻两组的LED路灯照明系统进行通信连接，从而进行人流量信号的传递。每组LED路灯照明系统包括多个子LED路灯系统，每个子LED路灯系统包括路灯杆、LED灯头、太阳能电池板、供电锂电池组件、智能控制器。其中，所述LED灯头可拆卸安装在路灯杆上部，所述太阳能电池板倾斜安装在路灯杆的顶部，所述供电锂电池组件和智能控制器均设置在太阳能电池板的背面。所述人流量检测器设置在任一个子LED路灯系统的灯杆上，所述人流量检测器包括红外探测器和人流量处理器，所述红外探测器与人流量处理器通过导线相连，所述人流量处理器通过ZigBee无线网络连接位于同一组LED路灯照明系统中的所有智能控制器。所述LED灯头、太阳能电池板和供电锂电池组件均与智能控制器相连，其中，所述LED灯组也通过电源线缆和控制线缆6连接智能控制器，所述智能控制器包括控制主板、电池板管理模块、锂电池管理模块、LED照明驱动模块和ZigBee通信模块，所述电池板管理模块、锂电池管理模块和LED照明驱动模块均与控制主板相连，所述LED照明驱动模块与ZigBee通信模块相连。A street light system based on measuring the flow of people, see Figure 1-2, including several groups of LED street light lighting systems and a human flow detector installed on each group of LED street light lighting systems, the number of groups of the LED street light lighting systems is determined by the number of roads The total length is determined, and the adjacent two groups of LED street lighting systems are connected by communication, so as to transmit the flow of people signals. Each group of LED street lighting systems includes multiple sub-LED street lighting systems, and each sub-LED street lighting system includes street light poles, LED lamp holders, solar panels, power supply lithium battery components, and intelligent controllers. Wherein, the LED lamp head is detachably installed on the upper part of the street light pole, the solar battery panel is installed obliquely on the top of the street light pole, and the power supply lithium battery assembly and the intelligent controller are both arranged on the back of the solar battery panel. The people flow detector is arranged on the light pole of any sub-LED street lamp system, the people flow detector includes an infrared detector and a people flow processor, the infrared detector is connected to the people flow processor through a wire, the The people flow processor connects all intelligent controllers in the same group of LED street lighting system through ZigBee wireless network. The LED lamp holder, the solar panel and the power supply lithium battery assembly are all connected to an intelligent controller, wherein the LED lamp group is also connected to the intelligent controller through a power cable and a control cable 6, and the intelligent controller includes a control board , battery board management module, lithium battery management module, LED lighting driver module and ZigBee communication module, described battery board management module, lithium battery management module and LED lighting driver module are all connected with control main board, described LED lighting driver module and ZigBee The communication module is connected.
其中，参见图3和4所示，所述供电锂电池组件包括封装壳体和设置在封装壳体内部的电池保护板和保温锂电池组，另外，为了安装及管理方便，将智能控制器也设置在供电锂电池组件的封装壳体内部，所述智能控制器、电池保护板2和保温锂电池组4依次电连接，并在智能控制器、电池保护板2和保温锂电池组4之间还设有保险丝5。所述保温锂电池组4包括保温层7和锂电池包，所述保温层7包裹住整个锂电池包，所述锂电池包包括热缩套8和设置在热缩套8内部的锂电池组11、恒温控制板12、发热板9和导热铝板10，所述导热铝板10与锂电池组11的多个侧面贴附接触，用于对锂电池组11实现大面积接触传热，保证锂电池组11在设定的某一温度及以上工作。所述恒温控制板12紧贴锂电池组11的表面，并远离导热铝板10（即恒温控制板12紧贴在锂电池组11上的未设置导热铝板10的面上），使得保温层7内部温度维持在8℃左右，由于导热铝板10的温度非常不稳定，因此为了确保恒温控制板12的感温稳定性，需要将恒温控制板12远离导热铝板10，以避免导热铝板10对恒温控制板12的影响。所述发热板9贴附在导热铝板10的表面，用于向导热铝板10传导热量。所述锂电池组11和恒温控制板12均通过导线连接电池保护板2。Wherein, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the power supply lithium battery assembly includes a package case, a battery protection plate and a heat preservation lithium battery pack arranged inside the package case, and in addition, for the convenience of installation and management, the intelligent controller is also Set inside the package housing of the power supply lithium battery assembly, the intelligent controller, the battery protection board 2 and the heat preservation lithium battery pack 4 are electrically connected in sequence, and between the intelligent controller, the battery protection board 2 and the heat preservation lithium battery pack 4 A fuse 5 is also provided. The thermal insulation lithium battery pack 4 includes a thermal insulation layer 7 and a lithium battery pack, the thermal insulation layer 7 wraps the entire lithium battery pack, and the lithium battery pack includes a heat shrinkable sleeve 8 and a lithium battery pack disposed inside the heat shrinkable sleeve 8 11. The constant temperature control board 12, the heating plate 9 and the thermally conductive aluminum plate 10, the thermally conductive aluminum plate 10 is in contact with multiple sides of the lithium battery pack 11, and is used to realize large-area contact heat transfer to the lithium battery pack 11, ensuring that the lithium battery pack Group 11 works at a set temperature and above. The constant temperature control board 12 is close to the surface of the lithium battery pack 11 and away from the heat conducting aluminum plate 10 (that is, the constant temperature control board 12 is close to the surface of the lithium battery pack 11 that is not provided with the heat conducting aluminum plate 10), so that the inside of the thermal insulation layer 7 The temperature is maintained at about 8°C. Since the temperature of the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 is very unstable, in order to ensure the temperature-sensing stability of the constant-temperature control plate 12, it is necessary to keep the constant-temperature control plate 12 away from the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 to prevent the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 from touching the constant-temperature control plate. 12 effects. The heating plate 9 is attached to the surface of the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 for conducting heat to the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 . Both the lithium battery pack 11 and the constant temperature control board 12 are connected to the battery protection board 2 through wires.
优选实施例中，所述封装壳体1采用PC+ABS工程塑料合金（即ABS工程塑料）制成，具有优良的耐热耐候性、尺寸稳定性、耐酸碱性、防水防潮性、防腐性和耐冲击性能。所述盒体采用铝材制成，从而对智能控制器起到散热保护的作用，并且在智能控制器与盒体内腔的空隙中填充灌封胶，以防静电。所述保温层7采用聚四氟乙烯泡沫塑料或聚氨酯泡沫塑料制成，厚度在1-5cm，保温隔热效果好，可有效减缓低温环境下锂电池组的热量散失。In a preferred embodiment, the package housing 1 is made of PC+ABS engineering plastic alloy (ie, ABS engineering plastic), which has excellent heat and weather resistance, dimensional stability, acid and alkali resistance, waterproof and moisture resistance, and corrosion resistance. and impact resistance. The box body is made of aluminum, so as to protect the intelligent controller from heat dissipation, and the gap between the intelligent controller and the inner cavity of the box is filled with potting glue to prevent static electricity. The thermal insulation layer 7 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene foam or polyurethane foam, with a thickness of 1-5 cm. It has good thermal insulation effect and can effectively slow down the heat loss of the lithium battery pack in a low temperature environment.
所述发热板9是一种PTC恒温发热元件，其外部包裹有一层导热铝壳，起到保护和快速导热的作用；所述PTC恒温发热元件与导热铝板10间贴附接触并传热，PTC恒温发热元件与恒温控制板12通过导线相连接。在中小功率加热场合，PTC恒温发热元件具有恒温发热、热转换率高、自然寿命长以及不受电源电压影响等优点，其原理是PTC热敏电阻加点后自热升温使阻值进入跃变区，恒温加热PTC热敏电阻表面温度将保持恒定值，且温度只与PTC热敏电阻的居里温度和外加电压有关，而与环境温度无关。因此，使用PTC恒温发热元件即便加热控制电路因失控而不间断给其供电，其也只能升高至上限温度（通常不高于60度），从而可有效防止其对锂电池组的损坏和意外事故的发生。所述恒温控制板12包括一组贴片式温度传感器13（优选实施例中采用贴片式热敏电阻）和加热控制电路，所述贴片式温度传感器13设置在恒温控制板12上，并与锂电池组11相接触，用于感应锂电池组11的温度并将信号反馈给加热控制电路，所述加热控制电路控制PTC恒温发热元件的通断。所述加热控制电路是由场效应管和比较放大器组成的开关控制电路，当贴片式温度传感器13所感知的温度低于设定的温度后，开关控制电路中的比较放大器输出增大，导通场效应管，从而启动PTC恒温发热元件对发热板9加热。The heating plate 9 is a PTC constant temperature heating element, which is wrapped with a layer of heat-conducting aluminum shell to protect and quickly conduct heat; The constant temperature heating element is connected with the constant temperature control board 12 through wires. In small and medium power heating occasions, the PTC constant temperature heating element has the advantages of constant temperature heating, high heat conversion rate, long natural life and not affected by the power supply voltage. , constant temperature heating PTC thermistor surface temperature will maintain a constant value, and the temperature is only related to the Curie temperature of the PTC thermistor and the applied voltage, but has nothing to do with the ambient temperature. Therefore, even if the PTC constant temperature heating element is used to continuously supply power to the heating control circuit due to out of control, it can only rise to the upper limit temperature (usually not higher than 60 degrees), which can effectively prevent its damage to the lithium battery pack and Accidents happen. The constant temperature control board 12 includes a group of chip temperature sensors 13 (a chip thermistor is used in a preferred embodiment) and a heating control circuit, and the chip temperature sensor 13 is arranged on the constant temperature control board 12, and In contact with the lithium battery pack 11, it is used to sense the temperature of the lithium battery pack 11 and feed back the signal to the heating control circuit, and the heating control circuit controls the on-off of the PTC constant temperature heating element. The heating control circuit is a switch control circuit composed of a field effect tube and a comparative amplifier. When the temperature sensed by the patch temperature sensor 13 is lower than the set temperature, the output of the comparative amplifier in the switch control circuit increases, leading to Through the field effect tube, thereby starting the PTC constant temperature heating element to heat the heating plate 9.
另外，所述导热铝板10围绕电池组四周缠绕一圈，具体是将导热铝板10制成具有四个板面的铝制无缝焊接板框，然后将所述导热铝板10套设在所述锂电池组上，并且让导热铝板10的四个板面与锂电池组的相邻四个侧壁紧密贴附，锂电池组的整体形状为矩形。为了实现高导热效率，所述发热板9外部的导热铝壳与导热铝板10的大面积板面一侧相贴附，通过铝壳与铝板的直接接触进行热量传导，具有传热快且传热均匀的优点，可对整个锂电池组实现均匀的加热和保温效果。另外，将发热板9上的导热铝壳的面积设置为导热铝板10的大面积板面面积的2/3-4/5，在防止发热板9发生短路的前提下尽量增大导热铝壳与导热铝板10的接触面积，从而可提高传热效率。In addition, the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 is wound around the battery pack. Specifically, the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 is made into an aluminum seamless welded plate frame with four plate surfaces, and then the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 is sleeved on the lithium battery pack. On the battery pack, and let the four plate surfaces of the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 closely adhere to the four adjacent side walls of the lithium battery pack, the overall shape of the lithium battery pack is rectangular. In order to achieve high heat conduction efficiency, the heat conduction aluminum shell outside the heating plate 9 is attached to one side of the large-area plate surface of the heat conduction aluminum plate 10, and the heat conduction is performed through the direct contact between the aluminum shell and the aluminum plate, which has the advantages of fast heat transfer and heat transfer. The advantage of uniformity can achieve uniform heating and heat preservation effects on the entire lithium battery pack. In addition, the area of the heat-conducting aluminum shell on the heating plate 9 is set to 2/3-4/5 of the large-area plate surface area of the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10, and the heat-conducting aluminum shell and the heat-conducting aluminum shell are as large as possible under the premise of preventing the heat-generating plate 9 from short-circuiting. The contact area of the heat-conducting aluminum plate 10 can improve the heat transfer efficiency.
所述锂电池管理模块包括电池组智能充放电单元、电池组电压均衡单元、电池组状态监测单元和电流检测单元，所述电池保护板包括过压保护单元、欠压保护单元、充电涓流保护单元、防反接保护单元、过温保护单元、低温保护单元、过放保护单元和过充保护单元，所述电池组电压均衡单元中设有多个电压均衡芯片、分流放电支路电阻和与分流放电支路电阻串联的分流放电支路控制开关器件，所述电池组智能充放电单元中设有具有PWM控制端口的PIC芯片、充电控制开关器件和放电控制开关器件，所述过压保护单元采用TI的二级过压保护芯片，所述电流检测单元中设有电流传感器芯片，优选的，所述电流传感器芯片为MAX472ESA芯片。所述过温保护单元中设有温度传感器，优选的，所述温度传感器采用DS18B20。所述电池组状态监测单元可读取每节锂电池的电压，并将该电压参数传送给控制主板进行处理，所述电流检测单元既能检测充放电电流，也能够实现累计电量的功能，从而记录流入锂电池组或流出锂电池组的电量。The lithium battery management module includes a battery pack intelligent charging and discharging unit, a battery pack voltage equalization unit, a battery pack status monitoring unit, and a current detection unit, and the battery protection board includes an overvoltage protection unit, an undervoltage protection unit, and a charging trickle protection unit. Unit, anti-reverse connection protection unit, over-temperature protection unit, low-temperature protection unit, over-discharge protection unit and over-charge protection unit, the battery pack voltage equalization unit is provided with multiple voltage equalization chips, shunt discharge branch resistance and A shunt discharge branch control switching device connected in series with shunt discharge branch resistors, a PIC chip with a PWM control port, a charge control switch device, and a discharge control switch device are arranged in the intelligent charge and discharge unit of the battery pack, and the overvoltage protection unit A secondary overvoltage protection chip of TI is used, and a current sensor chip is arranged in the current detection unit. Preferably, the current sensor chip is a MAX472ESA chip. The over-temperature protection unit is provided with a temperature sensor, preferably, the temperature sensor adopts DS18B20. The state monitoring unit of the battery pack can read the voltage of each lithium battery, and transmit the voltage parameter to the control board for processing. The current detection unit can not only detect the charging and discharging current, but also realize the function of accumulating electricity, thereby Record the amount of electricity flowing into or out of the lithium battery pack.
所述锂电池组采用若干节锂电池串联组成，所述分流放电支路控制开关器件采用N沟道MOS管，所述充电控制开关器件采用PNP三极管，所述放电控制开关器件采用Ｎ沟道MOS管；所述电压均衡芯片的型号为S8209A，所述充电控制开关器件连接电压均衡芯片的CO管脚，所述放电控制开关器件连接电压均衡芯片的DO管脚，所述分流放电支路控制开关器件连接电压均衡芯片的CB管脚，所述分流放电支路电阻连接在N沟道MOS管的漏极端。参见图5，优选实施例中给出了4组串联连接的电压均衡芯片分别对4节串联连接的18650锂电池进行均衡充放电控制，在当单节18650锂电池的电压达到电压均衡芯片内部的均衡开启阈值时，芯片的CB管脚输出高电平，作为分流放电支路控制开关器件的N沟道MOS管（Q1/Q2/Q5/Q6）导通，从而通过作为分流放电支路电阻R12/R14/R16/R24的自发热消耗电池多余的电量，让锂电池组电池电量实现均衡，此均衡法为能量消耗法，可保证每节锂电池的电压及容量的一致性。在电压均衡芯片S8209A中，CTLC管脚为充电用控制端子，CTLD管脚为放电用控制端子，VDD管脚为（正电源输入端子）电池的正电压连接端子，VSS管脚（负电源输入端子）电池的负电压连接端子，CDT管脚为过充电检测延迟、过放电检测延迟用的电容连接端子，DO管脚为放电控制用输出端子，CO管脚为充电控制用输出端子，CB管脚为电量平衡控制用输出端子。在每个电压均衡芯片的CO管脚上还设有二极管、三极管和MOS管，其中，三极管可在当电池过压时，切断对锂电池的充电，二极管一方面用于充电，另一方面可有效防止电流倒流入太阳能电池板，MOS管可在充电电流较大时打开，从而减小充电回路的损耗。The lithium battery pack is composed of several lithium batteries connected in series, the shunt discharge branch control switching device adopts N-channel MOS transistor, the charging control switching device adopts PNP triode, and the discharge control switching device adopts N-channel MOS transistor. tube; the model of the voltage equalization chip is S8209A, the charge control switch device is connected to the CO pin of the voltage balance chip, the discharge control switch device is connected to the DO pin of the voltage balance chip, and the shunt discharge branch control switch The device is connected to the CB pin of the voltage equalization chip, and the shunt discharge branch resistor is connected to the drain terminal of the N-channel MOS transistor. Referring to Fig. 5, in the preferred embodiment, 4 sets of voltage equalization chips connected in series are given to control the balanced charge and discharge of 4 18650 lithium batteries connected in series respectively. When the voltage of a single 18650 lithium battery reaches When equalizing the opening threshold, the CB pin of the chip outputs a high level, and the N-channel MOS transistor (Q1/Q2/Q5/Q6) as the shunt discharge branch control switching device is turned on, so that the resistance R12 used as the shunt discharge branch The self-heating of /R14/R16/R24 consumes the excess power of the battery, so that the battery power of the lithium battery pack can be balanced. This balancing method is an energy consumption method, which can ensure the consistency of the voltage and capacity of each lithium battery. In the voltage balance chip S8209A, the CTLC pin is the control terminal for charging, the CTLD pin is the control terminal for discharging, the VDD pin is the positive voltage connection terminal of the battery (positive power input terminal), and the VSS pin (negative power input terminal) ) The negative voltage connection terminal of the battery, the CDT pin is a capacitor connection terminal for overcharge detection delay and overdischarge detection delay, the DO pin is an output terminal for discharge control, the CO pin is an output terminal for charge control, and the CB pin It is the output terminal for power balance control. There are also diodes, triodes and MOS tubes on the CO pins of each voltage equalization chip. Among them, the triodes can cut off the charging of the lithium battery when the battery is overvoltage. Effectively prevent the current from flowing back into the solar panel, and the MOS tube can be turned on when the charging current is large, thereby reducing the loss of the charging circuit.
所述电池板管理模块包括电池板电压检测单元、温度补偿单元、电池板汇流电流检测单元、实时转换效率检测单元、防雷击保护单元和防反充保护单元，所述电池板电压检测单元采用MOS场效应管和取样电阻构成的电压检测电路，用于判断外部环境的亮度，以确定白天与黑夜，从而为锂电池组的充放电控制以及LED灯头的亮灭控制提供辅助依据。所述LED照明驱动模块包括PWM调光控制单元、升压恒流驱动单元和亮灯开关电路，所述亮灯开关电路与ZigBee通信模块相连。The battery board management module includes a battery board voltage detection unit, a temperature compensation unit, a battery board sink current detection unit, a real-time conversion efficiency detection unit, a lightning protection unit and an anti-reverse charging protection unit. The battery board voltage detection unit adopts The voltage detection circuit composed of MOS field effect tube and sampling resistor is used to judge the brightness of the external environment to determine day and night, so as to provide auxiliary basis for the charge and discharge control of the lithium battery pack and the on and off control of the LED lamp head. The LED lighting driving module includes a PWM dimming control unit, a boost constant current driving unit and a lighting switch circuit, and the lighting switching circuit is connected with a ZigBee communication module.
每组LED路灯照明系统包括3-5个子LED路灯系统，相邻的两个子LED路灯系统中路灯杆的距离为25-30m，所述路灯杆上在距离地面0.5-1m的部位开设有U形凹槽，所述人流量检测器固定安装在U形凹槽中，并且保证所述红外探测器所发射的红外线与路灯杆的中轴线相垂直。以能够实现对道路的人流量进行精准检测和捕捉，从而为LED灯头的亮灭控制提供必要的控制信号。Each group of LED street light lighting system includes 3-5 sub-LED street light systems, the distance between the street light poles in the two adjacent sub-LED street light systems is 25-30m, and the distance between the street light poles is 0.5-1m from the ground. Groove, the human flow detector is fixedly installed in the U-shaped groove, and ensure that the infrared rays emitted by the infrared detector are perpendicular to the central axis of the street light pole. In order to be able to accurately detect and capture the flow of people on the road, so as to provide the necessary control signal for the on-off control of the LED lamp head.
所述太阳能电池板在路灯杆上的安装平面与水平地面间的倾斜夹角为30°～60°，该倾斜夹角可根据路灯杆所处的当地纬度进行微调，以实现太阳能电池板的全年发电量最大化，并保证在光照微弱的冬季（一年中太阳辐射最差的情况）太阳能电池板具有较好的充电量，确保太阳能路灯仍能正常工作，从而有效改善太阳能路灯全年工作的可靠性。The inclination angle between the installation plane of the solar cell panel on the street light pole and the horizontal ground is 30°-60°, and the inclination angle can be fine-tuned according to the local latitude where the street light pole is located, so as to realize the full utilization of the solar cell panel. Maximize the annual power generation and ensure that the solar panels have a good charging capacity in winter with weak sunlight (the worst solar radiation in a year), ensuring that the solar street lights can still work normally, thereby effectively improving the work of the solar street lights throughout the year reliability.
所述红外探测器采用具有双光路的主动式红外探测器，从而具有较高的抗干扰和防误报的能力，位于双光路中的红外光源采用红外半导体激光器，与一般的红外光源相比，具有亮灯高、单色性好、方向性好、穿透力强、有效探测距离远等优点，从而确保红外探测器在恶劣的气候条件下仍能正常工作并具有良好的测量精度。另外，所述主动式红外探测器的最短遮光时间选用15ms，当遮光时间小于15ms时，红外探测器不产生人流量信号，而当遮光时间大于15ms时，红外探测器向人流量处理器发送人流量信号，从而避免引起不必要的噪声干扰或漏报。所述人流量处理器包括AD转换单元、滤波处理单元、信号放大单元、ZigBee信号生成单元、ZigBee信号发射单元和供电单元，这些单元均采用现有的电路模块实现。The infrared detector adopts an active infrared detector with dual optical paths, thereby having higher anti-interference and anti-false alarm capabilities. The infrared light source located in the dual optical paths adopts an infrared semiconductor laser. Compared with a general infrared light source, It has the advantages of high brightness, good monochromaticity, good directionality, strong penetrating power, and long effective detection distance, so as to ensure that the infrared detector can still work normally and has good measurement accuracy under harsh weather conditions. In addition, the minimum shading time of the active infrared detector is selected as 15ms. When the shading time is less than 15ms, the infrared detector does not generate a traffic signal, and when the shading time is greater than 15ms, the infrared detector sends a traffic signal to the people flow processor. Traffic signals, so as to avoid unnecessary noise interference or false negatives. The people flow processor includes an AD conversion unit, a filter processing unit, a signal amplifying unit, a ZigBee signal generating unit, a ZigBee signal transmitting unit and a power supply unit, and these units are realized by existing circuit modules.
所述控制主板采用PIC主控芯片，所述PIC主控芯片上设置有多种亮灯模式，所述亮灯模式至少包括调光模式、开关模式和渐变模式，根据亮灯时间段内的人流量信号频率，PIC主控芯片控制LED灯头在多种亮灯模式之间进行切换。由于不同地区，人们生活的习惯不同，不同时段人们活动的规律（即人流量）也不同，因此，将整夜的时间按照人们活动的频率高低进行分段，在人活动频率高（即人流量大）时，为LED灯头提供开关模式，而在人活动频率低（即人流量小）时为LED灯头提供调光模式或渐变模式，其中在调光模式或渐变模式中，按照预先设置的亮灯曲线进行亮灯，这样不仅能够满足人们的照明需求，也有效节约了电能。至于时段划分的方式或亮灯曲线的配置方式可根据用户决策表配置产生，用户决策表一般是根据当地特点制定的参数表格。另外，在渐变模式中，为了避免瞬间开关对LED灯头使用寿命的影响，在亮灯开关电路中设定了开关的延迟时间，从而对LED灯头实现延迟关断的功能。采用本系统可做到深夜时段有人灯亮、无人灯灭的亮灯照明功能，从而有效节约电能并在一定程度上延长路灯的使用寿命。The control board adopts a PIC main control chip, and the PIC main control chip is provided with various lighting modes, and the lighting modes at least include dimming mode, switch mode and gradient mode, according to the number of people in the lighting time period The flow signal frequency, the PIC main control chip controls the LED lamp head to switch between various lighting modes. Due to different regions, people's living habits are different, and the rules of people's activities (that is, the flow of people) are also different at different times. Therefore, the whole night is divided into segments according to the frequency of people's activities. When the frequency of human activities is low (that is, the flow of people is small), the LED lamp head is provided with a dimming mode or a gradient mode, wherein in the dimming mode or gradient mode, according to the preset brightness The lights are turned on according to the light curve, which not only meets people's lighting needs, but also effectively saves electric energy. As for the way of time division or the configuration of the lighting curve, it can be generated according to the configuration of the user decision table. The user decision table is generally a parameter table formulated according to local characteristics. In addition, in the gradual change mode, in order to avoid the impact of the instantaneous switch on the service life of the LED lamp head, the delay time of the switch is set in the light switch circuit, so as to realize the function of delaying the shutdown of the LED lamp head. This system can achieve the lighting function of turning on the lights and turning off the lights when no one is in the middle of the night, so as to effectively save electric energy and prolong the service life of street lights to a certain extent.
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。The technical means disclosed in the solutions of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610719524.5ACN106304488B (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | A kind of road lamp system based on measure flow of the people |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610719524.5ACN106304488B (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | A kind of road lamp system based on measure flow of the people |
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| CN106304488Atrue CN106304488A (en) | 2017-01-04 |
| CN106304488B CN106304488B (en) | 2018-01-19 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610719524.5AActiveCN106304488B (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | A kind of road lamp system based on measure flow of the people |
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