技术领域technical field
本发明涉及高频谐振高压电场耦合无线电能传输技术，尤其涉及到高频谐振高压电电场合下利用电容传电的无线电能传输装置，具体为一种利用电容耦合的无线电能传输装置。The present invention relates to a high-frequency resonant high-voltage electric field coupled wireless power transmission technology, in particular to a wireless power transmission device using capacitive power transmission in a high-frequency resonant high-voltage electric field, specifically a wireless power transmission device using capacitive coupling.
背景技术Background technique
电感传电技术(IPT)已经广泛的应用到电动汽车以及移动终端设备上，其传输效率已经可与传统的有线传电相媲美。然而电感传电的缺点是依赖导体介质，当空气中金属物质浓度较高时，磁场会产生电流漩涡，造成能量损失，使得温度升高，这是非常危险的。电容传电就很好的解决了这个问题。Inductive Power Transfer Technology (IPT) has been widely applied to electric vehicles and mobile terminal equipment, and its transmission efficiency is already comparable to that of traditional wired power transmission. However, the disadvantage of inductive power transmission is that it depends on the conductor medium. When the concentration of metal substances in the air is high, the magnetic field will generate a current vortex, causing energy loss and increasing the temperature, which is very dangerous. Capacitive transmission is a good solution to this problem.
电容传电利用电场代替磁场进行电能的传输。电场在有金属障碍物的空间里传电不会造成能量损失。所以电容传电更适用于电动汽车等方面的无线电能传输。电容传电仅使用两块金属板构造一个平板电容即可实现电能的无线传输，价格低、重量轻，对材料性能要求不高。而电感传电的线圈要用利兹线绕制，利兹线价格较高，这十分不利于无线电能传输的普及。然而典型电容传电的电路具有以下两点不足(如图1)：随着传输距离的增大，耦合电容值变得很小，这使得系统谐振频率严重增加；且在很高频率的下，系统需要的高频电源难以制作，且高频电阻剧烈增加，从而导致系统总体效率的急速下降。因此，基于传统电容传电模型的无线输电系统难以实现较远距离的电能传输。Capacitive power transfer uses an electric field instead of a magnetic field to transfer electrical energy. The electric field transmits electricity in a space with metal obstacles without causing energy loss. Therefore, capacitive power transmission is more suitable for wireless power transmission in electric vehicles and other aspects. Capacitive power transfer only uses two metal plates to construct a flat capacitor to realize wireless transmission of electric energy. It is low in price, light in weight, and does not require high material performance. The coil for inductive power transmission is wound with Litz wire, and the price of Litz wire is relatively high, which is very unfavorable for the popularization of wireless power transmission. However, the typical capacitive transmission circuit has the following two disadvantages (as shown in Figure 1): as the transmission distance increases, the coupling capacitance value becomes very small, which makes the system resonant frequency increase seriously; and at very high frequencies, The high-frequency power supply required by the system is difficult to manufacture, and the high-frequency resistance increases sharply, which leads to a rapid decline in the overall efficiency of the system. Therefore, it is difficult for the wireless power transmission system based on the traditional capacitive transfer model to realize long-distance power transmission.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明通过对典型电容传电的电路模型优缺点的分析，设计了一个新的电容传电电路模型。相对于传统的电感传电，本发明的优点在于结构简单，受周围介质影响较弱，且衰减速率低；传输效率高，工作频率稳定，受传输距离影响较小；因为通过极板电容的电流很小，为mA级别，所以对电容极板的阻值不敏感。因此具有较高的实用性的优点。The invention designs a new capacitive electric circuit model by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the typical capacitive electric circuit model. Compared with the traditional inductive power transmission, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, weak influence by the surrounding medium, and low attenuation rate; high transmission efficiency, stable working frequency, and little influence by the transmission distance; because the current passing through the plate capacitance It is very small, at the mA level, so it is not sensitive to the resistance of the capacitor plate. Therefore, it has the advantage of high practicality.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种利用电容耦合的无线电能传输装置，包含频率可调高频交流电源、发射端谐振系统、接收端谐振系统、极板电容C21、C22；极板电容C21包括两个电容极板，分别为E板和F板，E板、F板正对；极板电容C22包括两个电容极板，分别为G板和H板，G板、H板正对；A wireless energy transmission device utilizing capacitive coupling, including a frequency-adjustable high-frequency AC power supply, a resonant system at a transmitting end, a resonant system at a receiving end, and plate capacitors C21 and C22 ; the plate capacitor C21 includes two capacitor plates , are E plate and F plate respectively, and E plate and F plate are facing each other; plate capacitor C22 includes two capacitor plates, which are respectively G plate and H plate, and G plate and H plate are facing each other;
高频交流电源、发射端谐振系统、极板电容C21的E板和极板电容C22的G板构成发射端；接收端谐振系统、极板电容C21的F板、负载和极板电容C22的H板构成接收端。The high-frequency AC power supply, the resonant system of the transmitting end, the E plate of the plate capacitor C21 and the G plate of the plate capacitor C22 constitute the transmitting end; the resonant system of the receiving end, the F plate of the plate capacitor C21 , the load and the plate capacitance The H-board of the C22 constitutes the receiving end.
所述的发射端谐振系统包括电感L1及调谐电容C1，高频交流电源与发射端谐振系统形成串联回路，A、B分别为电容C1的两端，A端位于电感L1及调谐电容C1之间，极板电容C21的E板与电容C1的A端连接，极板电容C22的G板与电容C1的B端连接；所述的接收端谐振系统包括电感L3及调谐电容C3，接收端谐振系统与负载形成串联回路，C、D分别为电容C3的两端，C端位于电感L3及调谐电容C3之间，极板电容C21的F板与电容C3的C端连接，极板电容C22的H板与电容C3的D端连接。The resonant system at the transmitting end includes an inductor L1 and a tuning capacitorC1 . The high- frequency AC power supply and the resonant system at the transmitting end form a series loop. A and B are respectively the two ends of the capacitorC1 , and theA terminal is located at the inductance L1 and the tuning capacitor. Between the capacitorsC1 , the E plate of the plate capacitorC21 is connected to the A end of the capacitorC1 , and the G plate of the plate capacitorC22 is connected to the B end of the capacitorC1 ; the receiving end resonant system includes an inductance L3 and the tuning capacitor C3 , the resonant system at the receiving end forms a series loop with the load, C and D are the two ends of the capacitor C3 respectively, the C terminal is located between the inductor L3 and the tuning capacitor C3 , the F of the plate capacitor C21 The plate is connected to the C terminalof the capacitor C3, and the H plate of the plate capacitorC22 is connected to theD terminal of the capacitor C3.
所述的接收端谐振系统与负载之间设置有整流电路。A rectification circuit is arranged between the resonant system at the receiving end and the load.
所述的发射端谐振系统与接收端谐振系统均选用低内阻、高Q值的线圈系统。Both the resonant system at the transmitting end and the resonant system at the receiving end are coil systems with low internal resistance and high Q value.
所述的发射端谐振系统与接收端谐振系统固有频率一致。The resonant system at the transmitting end is consistent with the natural frequency of the resonant system at the receiving end.
所述的极板电容采用铝箔纸或铁板制成，但不限于上述两种材料。The plate capacitor is made of aluminum foil paper or iron plate, but not limited to the above two materials.
本发明相对电感传电具有结构简单、效率随距离延长衰减慢等特点；相对传统电容输电结构，远距离输电情况下能够降低工作频率且传输效率较高等优点。本发明很好的解决了电感传电对周围环境要求的限制，更适合应用到周围环境金属含量高等情况，例如电动汽车无线充电。Compared with inductive power transmission, the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure and slow efficiency attenuation with distance extension; compared with traditional capacitive power transmission structure, it has the advantages of lower working frequency and higher transmission efficiency in the case of long-distance power transmission. The invention well solves the limitation of the surrounding environment requirements for inductive power transmission, and is more suitable for being applied to situations such as high metal content in the surrounding environment, such as wireless charging of electric vehicles.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是典型电容传电电路图；Figure 1 is a typical capacitive power transmission circuit diagram;
图2是本发明改进电容传电示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention's improved capacitive transmission;
图3是本发明系统实现图；Fig. 3 is the realization diagram of the system of the present invention;
图4是极板电容耦合示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of plate capacitive coupling;
图5是本发明电容传电电路图。Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of capacitive transmission of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图2所示，本发明包括频率可调交流电源、两组谐振系统和两组极板电容三部分。发射端由高频交流电源、发射端谐振系统、极板电容C21的E板和极板电容C22的G板组成；接收端由接收端谐振系统、极板电容C21的F板、极板电容C22的H板和负载组成。发射端谐振系统包括电感L1及调谐电容C1，高频交流电源与发射端谐振系统形成串联回路，极板电容C21的E板与电容C1的A端连接，极板电容C22的G板与电容C1的B端连接；接收端谐振系统包括电感L3及调谐电容C3，接收端谐振系统与负载形成串联回路，极板电容C21的F板与电容C3的C端连接，极板电容C22的H板与电容C3的D端连接；极板电容C21的E、F板正对，极板电容C22的G、H板正对。发射端与接收端为无线连接，仅通过极板电容进行能量传输。As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention includes three parts: frequency adjustable AC power supply, two sets of resonant systems and two sets of plate capacitors. The transmitting end is composed of a high-frequency AC power supply, the resonant system of the transmitting end, the E plate of the plate capacitor C21 and the G plate of the plate capacitor C22 ; the receiving end is composed of the receiving end resonant system, the F plate of the plate capacitor C21 , the plate Plate capacitance C consists of H plate and load of22 . The resonant system at the transmitting end includes inductance L1 and tuning capacitor C1 , the high-frequency AC power supply and the resonant system at the transmitting end form a series loop, the E plate of the plate capacitor C21 is connected to the A terminal of the capacitor C1 , and the plate capacitor C22 The G plate is connected to the B terminal of the capacitorC1; the receiving end resonant system includes the inductor L3 and the tuning capacitor C3, the receiving end resonant system and the load form a series loop, the F plateof the plate capacitorC21 and the C terminalof the capacitor C3 Connection, the H plate of the plate capacitor C22 is connected to the D terminal of the capacitor C3 ; the E and F plates of the plate capacitor C21 are facing each other, and the G and H plates of the plate capacitor C22 are facing each other. The transmitting end and the receiving end are wirelessly connected, and energy transmission is performed only through the plate capacitance.
图2所示为本发明改进后电容传电示意图。图3为本发明系统实现图。高频振荡系统在谐振状态下会在电容C1与电感L1的连接处A点产生较大的高频高压的电压，将该高频电压引到极板电容C21的E端时，两组谐振电容形成回路，极板电容C21，C22的E、F两极板间就会产生高频电场，从而产生感应电流。在高频电场的驱动下，谐振系统产生的高频电压使得极板电容间产生高频电场，极板电容间产生快速变化的感应电流I2，感应电流I2通过接收端电容C3时，会在C3上产生同频的感应电压，并引起接收端回路C3-L3-RL的回路谐振，从而在接收端负载上产生较大的电流并消耗较大的功率。这样，发射端提供能量，接收端及负载消耗能量，实现了电能的无线传输。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of capacitive electricity transmission after improvement of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a system realization diagram of the present invention. In the resonant state, the high-frequency oscillation system will generate a large high-frequency and high-voltage voltage at pointA at the junction of the capacitorC1 and the inductor L1. When the high-frequency voltage is led to the E terminal of the plate capacitorC21 , both A group of resonant capacitors form a loop, and a high-frequency electric field will be generated between the two plates E and F of the plate capacitors C21 and C22 , thereby generating an induced current. Driven by the high-frequency electric field, the high-frequency voltage generated by the resonant system causes a high-frequency electric field to be generated between the plate capacitors, and a rapidly changing induced current I2 is generated between the plate capacitors. When the induced current I2 passes through the receiving end capacitor C3 , An induced voltage of the same frequency will be generated on C3 , and cause the loop resonance of the receiving end loop C3-L3 -RL, thereby generating a large current and consuming large power on the receiving end load. In this way, the transmitting end provides energy, the receiving end and the load consume energy, and wireless transmission of electric energy is realized.
在本发明所涉及的系统中，传输回路中的感应电流I2幅值较小，处于mA级别，因而在传输回路中难以产生功率，因此系统对传输回路的寄生阻值要求不高，传输电容回路即便阻值很大(如5kΩ)亦不会明显影响系统的传输效率，因此在实际使用中，使用铝箔纸、铁板等常用金属材料构造极板电容即可。这也是本发明的一个重要特点。In the system involved in the present invention, the amplitude of the induced current I in the transmission loop is relatively small, at the mA level, so it is difficult to generate power in the transmission loop, so the system has low requirements on the parasitic resistance of the transmission loop, and the transmission capacitance Even if the resistance of the loop is large (such as 5kΩ), it will not significantly affect the transmission efficiency of the system. Therefore, in actual use, it is sufficient to use common metal materials such as aluminum foil paper and iron plates to construct plate capacitors. This is also an important feature of the present invention.
步骤一高频交流电源的选取Step 1 Selection of high frequency AC power supply
交流电源需具备以下三点特点：The AC power supply needs to have the following three characteristics:
1)频率稳定。能够长时间稳定工作在系统的谐振频率上，并且频率的波动必须尽量的小。1) The frequency is stable. It can work stably at the resonant frequency of the system for a long time, and the frequency fluctuation must be as small as possible.
2)频率可调。由于绕制的线圈或生产出来的电容无法保证完全一致，系统工作环境也会有所不同，所以不同的无线能量传输系统的共振频率不可能完全相同。设计的电源需能适应不同系统，即频率必须可调。2) The frequency is adjustable. Since the wound coils or produced capacitors cannot be guaranteed to be exactly the same, and the working environment of the system will also be different, the resonant frequencies of different wireless energy transfer systems cannot be exactly the same. The designed power supply needs to be able to adapt to different systems, that is, the frequency must be adjustable.
3)内阻低。为了降低高频交流电源所消耗的能量，必须选择内阻较小的电源。3) Low internal resistance. In order to reduce the energy consumed by the high-frequency AC power supply, it is necessary to choose a power supply with a small internal resistance.
基于以上要求，本发明使用的交流电源由直流电源和逆变电路构成，且选用的逆变电路带有手动调节工作频率的功能，这不仅可方便直观的看到不同频率下的工作效果，也使得选用的高频交流电源适应于不同的系统。Based on the above requirements, the AC power supply used in the present invention is composed of a DC power supply and an inverter circuit, and the selected inverter circuit has the function of manually adjusting the working frequency, which can not only conveniently and intuitively see the working effect under different frequencies, but also Make the selected high-frequency AC power supply adapt to different systems.
步骤二谐振系统的选取Step 2 Selection of resonant system
本发明选用的谐振系统电感选用低内阻、高Q值的线圈系统。线圈内阻低、Q值高，系统容易获得较大的感应电流，使得极板电容中间具有更高的电场能，同时也会降低寄生电阻带来的能量损耗。The inductance of the resonant system selected in the present invention is a coil system with low internal resistance and high Q value. The internal resistance of the coil is low and the Q value is high, and the system can easily obtain a large induced current, which makes the electric field energy in the middle of the plate capacitor higher, and also reduces the energy loss caused by parasitic resistance.
步骤三电容传电的实现Step 3 Realization of capacitive power transmission
如图2所示，本发明所使用的两组极板电容的两块极板正对，可选用如锡箔纸、铁板等简易材料，极板电容C21的E板接电容C1的A端，与之相对应的极板电容F板接电容C3的C端，极板电容C22的G板接电容C1的B端，与之相对应的极板电容H板接电容C3的D端。As shown in Figure 2, the two pole plates of the two groups of plate capacitors used in the present invention are opposite, and simple materials such as tinfoil paper and iron plates can be selected for use, and the E plate of the pole plate capacitor C21 is connected to the A of the capacitor C1 terminal, the corresponding plate capacitor F plate is connected to the C terminalof the capacitor C3, the G plate of the plate capacitorC22 is connected to the B terminalof the capacitorC1 , and the corresponding plate capacitor H plate is connected to the capacitor C3 D-terminal.
如图4，为极板电容示意图。实线箭头为高频电压在正半周期时，虚线箭头为高频电压在负半周期时，极板电容两极板上的电荷的迅速变换，产生快速变化的电流，从而实现能量的传输。极板电容计算公式为ε0＝8.85×10-12是真空介电常数，A为平板电容的面积，d为两平板电容的距离，极板电容的容值很小，仅是pF级就可实现通过电场耦合使能量在极板电容间传递。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the plate capacitance. The solid line arrows indicate that the high frequency voltage is in the positive half cycle, and the dotted line arrows indicate that when the high frequency voltage is in the negative half cycle, the rapid transformation of the charges on the two plates of the plate capacitor produces a rapidly changing current, thereby realizing energy transmission. The formula for calculating plate capacitance is ε0 ＝8.85×10-12 is the vacuum dielectric constant, A is the area of the plate capacitor, d is the distance between the two plate capacitors, the capacitance of the plate capacitor is very small, only pF level can realize the energy through the electric field coupling Passed across the plate capacitance.
如图5，为本发明电容传电电路原理图，通过在工作频段的基尔霍夫方程：As shown in Figure 5, it is a schematic diagram of the capacitive transmission circuit of the present invention, through the Kirchhoff equation in the working frequency band:
其中R1＝RC1+RL1+Rp，R3＝RC3+RL3+RL，Rp为电源内阻，RC1,3,RL1,3分别为谐振系统电容及电感内阻。经过公式推导出电流I3，得到传输功率PO＝|I3|2RL。其中R1＝RC1+RL1+Rp，R3＝RC3+RL3+RL。Among them, R1 ＝RC1 +RL1 +Rp , R3 ＝RC3 +RL3 +RL , Rp is the internal resistance of the power supply, RC1,3 , RL1,3 are the resonance system capacitance and the internal resistance of the inductor respectively . The current I3 is deduced by the formula, The transmission power PO =|I3 |2 RL is obtained. in R1 =RC1 +RL1 +Rp , R3 =RC3 +RL3 +RL .
本发明系统依次连接后，开启交流电源，此时系统中产生感应电流，因为高频作用，在电容和电感之间产高频电压，极板电容上随即产生感应电流。本发明所使用接收与发射谐振系统固有频率一致，能量在极板电容间传递，并驱动接收端谐振系统共振，通过整流电路对接收到的高频电能进行整流后，驱动负载工作。此时对交流电源的频率进行调节，使得系统工作在不同频率下，系统产生的感应电流，感应电动势均有所改变，负载接收到的电能也不同。为使系统可获得较高的工作性能，仅需调节工作频率使接收电流最大即可。After the system of the present invention is connected in sequence, the AC power supply is turned on. At this time, an induced current is generated in the system. Because of the high-frequency effect, a high-frequency voltage is generated between the capacitor and the inductor, and an induced current is generated on the plate capacitor. The natural frequencies of the receiving and transmitting resonant systems used in the present invention are consistent, the energy is transferred between the plate capacitors, and drives the resonant system at the receiving end to resonate, and the rectification circuit rectifies the received high-frequency electric energy to drive the load to work. At this time, the frequency of the AC power supply is adjusted so that the system works at different frequencies, the induced current and induced electromotive force generated by the system are changed, and the electric energy received by the load is also different. In order to enable the system to obtain higher working performance, it is only necessary to adjust the working frequency to maximize the receiving current.
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| CN201610888170.7ACN106300448A (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2016-10-11 | One utilizes capacity coupled wireless electric energy transmission device |
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| CN106953423B (en)* | 2017-04-26 | 2019-04-09 | 重庆大学 | Parameter design method of double-sided LC-compensated ECPT system with constant voltage output characteristics |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | Application publication date:20170104 | |
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |