A kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method[technical field]
The invention belongs to technical field of plant propagation, be specifically related to a kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method.
[background technology]
Oil tea is the distinctive important edible oil materials seeds of China, and strong adaptability is drought-resistant, barren, suitable southern hills mountainDistrict plants.Oleum Camelliae unsaturated fatty acid content reaches 94%, for the hat in crude vegetal, is the oily and pure sky of high-quality functional healthRight non-polluted edible oil.
Oil tea is with seed, cuttage or propagation by grafiting.Carry out seedling breeding and seedling with seed, need substantial amounts of improved seeds oilTea seed, the seedling cycle is longer, it is impossible to meets the demand in market, and breeds nursery stock out it cannot be guaranteed that holding parent's is excellentOptimum shape, character is likely to inconsistent；Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising is the totipotency utilizing plant cell, will shear off on excellent elite standBranch be trained complete new plant under certain conditions.Subtropic of China area has superior climate resources condition,The season of suitable oil tea cuttage is longer, and cutting propagation is easily formed scale, has that breeding coefficient is high, character is stable, simple to operate,Seedling cost is relatively low, be difficult to the advantages such as seasonal labour is nervous occur, is the important technical of subtropical zone oil tea breeding.But, although existing oil tea Technique on Cuttage Propagation can stably keep the merit of maternal plant, but there is cuttage survival rateLow, root system is undeveloped, after cutting survival growing way slowly, cause that the production cycle is longer, be susceptible to the problems such as pest and disease damage.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that prior art exists, it is provided that a kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method, the method cutting survivalRate is high, easy to learn, the oil tea Seedling well developed root system of low cost, cutting survival simple to operate, grow fine, blade face is plump, the most anosisInsect pest occurs.
The present invention seeks to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 53-65 part, plant ash 9-13 part, conch meal5-10 part, waste material of edible mushroom 22-28 part, compound fertilizer's 4-7 part, fertilizer 11-16 part, silkworm faeces 7-11 part；By the most mixed for each raw materialAfter even, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixes thoroughly, and amount of water does not flow out water with substrate heap bottom and is limited, natural compost more than 3 months,；ExcellentSelection of land, each raw material of cutting medium is formed by following weight portion: yellow soil 57 parts, plant ash 11 parts, conch meal 7 parts, waste edible fungusExpect 25 parts, compound fertilizer 6 parts, fertilizer 13 parts, silkworm faeces 9 parts；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every muFarm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) systemStandby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level sideTo 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is obliqueOn ,-60 ° angles at 45 ° with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, after seedbed is carried out spray disinfectant, cover thin film, surrounding soil pressure immediately on bamboo shelfTightening seal, and ensure lay automatic spraying device in film hood, Nausea drying 7～10 days；Preferably, molten for nursery bed disinfectionLiquid is the potassium permanganate solution of concentration 0.5～1 ‰ or 600-800 times of aqueous solution of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or denseDegree is the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution of 1～2 ‰；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each sectionSuccessively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, puts into No. 1 life of ABT of 500mg/LSoaking 6-8 hour in root powder solution, taking-up clear water rinses 10-15 minute, then cuttage bar base portion is put into 0.01-0.05mol/The FeCl of L2Solution soaks 10-15 minute, takes out and prepare cuttage；Preferably, FeCl2The concentration of solution is 0.03mol/L；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length andThe axillalry bud generating section after and is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film again after completing, surrounding is usedSoil pressure tightening seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage barRetaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spray should be passed through in timeDevice carries out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days, then thin film is all taken offRemove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Preferably, before described seedling exercising is 8-9 point every morning, by automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, thenOpen the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, before afternoon 6-7 point, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by spray automaticallyShower device spray water 15-20 minute.
Step 6) during cuttage bar chooses and processes, for making cuttage bar moisture not easily run off, otch be prone to healing, otch is difficult toBeing rotted, cuttage bar base portion is cut into an inclined plane, inclined plane becomes 45-60 °, and meanwhile, during cuttage, cuttage bar is also easy to insertIn seedbed or substrate.
Being studied by long term test, applicant develops a kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method, has special merit by preparationThe cutting medium of effect, to the special handling of cuttage bar and the control etc. of whole cuttage process parameter, it is achieved that oil tea cuttageSurvival rate is high, can reach 90% object above, easy to learn, the oil tea Seedling well developed root system of low cost, cutting survival, growing way simple to operateWell, blade face is plump, substantially without pest and disease damage generation；And the cottage breeding cycle is short, within generally 2-3 month, can be carried out next stepGrafting or transplanting afforestation, do not affected by seasonal factor, large-scale production can also provide enough seedlings to supply market.CultivateOil tea cutting seedling, vitality is strong, well developed root system, and diseases and insect pests resistance is strong, and life cycle is long, and adaptive faculty is strong, is suitable for the biggestThe characteristics such as some areas plantation.
[detailed description of the invention]
The following examples can help those skilled in the art that the present invention is more fully understood, but cannot be with anyMode limits the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 53 parts, plant ash 9 parts, conch meal 5 parts, foodWith 22 parts of bacterium waste material, compound fertilizer 4 parts, fertilizer 11 parts, silkworm faeces 7 parts；After fully being mixed by each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixes thoroughly,Amount of water does not flow out water with substrate heap bottom and is limited, natural compost more than 3 months,；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every muFarm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) systemStandby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level sideTo 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is obliqueOn ,-60 ° angles at 45 ° with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, with potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazol wettable powder of concentration 0.5～1 ‰After 600-800 times of aqueous solution or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution that concentration is 1～2 ‰ carry out spray disinfectant to seedbed, exist immediatelyThin film is covered on bamboo shelf, surrounding soil pressure tightening seal, Nausea drying 7～10 days；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each sectionSuccessively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, puts into No. 1 life of ABT of 500mg/LSoaking 6-8 hour in root powder solution, taking-up clear water rinses 10-15 minute, then cuttage bar base portion is put into 0.01mol/L'sFeCl2Solution soaks 10-15 minute, takes out and prepare cuttage；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length andThe axillalry bud generating section after and is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film again after completing, surrounding is usedSoil pressure tightening seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage barRetaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spray should be passed through in timeDevice carries out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days: before every morning 8-9 point,By automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, afternoon 6-7 pointBefore, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by automatic spraying device spray water 15-20 minute.Seedling exercising complete after by thin filmAll remove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 57 parts, plant ash 11 parts, conch meal 7 parts,Waste material of edible mushroom 25 parts, compound fertilizer 6 parts, fertilizer 13 parts, silkworm faeces 9 parts；After fully being mixed by each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixesEven, amount of water does not flow out water with substrate heap bottom and is limited, natural compost 4 months,；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every muFarm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) systemStandby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level sideTo 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is obliqueOn, angle at 45 ° with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, with potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazol wettable powder of concentration 0.5～1 ‰After 600-800 times of aqueous solution or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution that concentration is 1～2 ‰ carry out spray disinfectant to seedbed, exist immediatelyThin film is covered on bamboo shelf, surrounding soil pressure tightening seal, Nausea drying 7～10 days；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each sectionSuccessively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, cuttage bar base portion is cut into one and inclinesInclined-plane, inclined plane is at 45 °, puts in No. 1 rooting powder solution of ABT of 500mg/L and soaks 6-8 hour, and taking-up clear water rinses10-15 minute, then cuttage bar base portion is put into the FeCl of 0.03mol/L2Solution soaks 10-15 minute, takes out and prepare cuttage；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert in cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length andThe axillalry bud generating section after and is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film again after completing, surrounding is usedSoil pressure tightening seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage barRetaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spray should be passed through in timeDevice carries out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days: before every morning 8-9 point,By automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, afternoon 6-7 pointBefore, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by automatic spraying device spray water 15-20 minute.Seedling exercising complete after by thin filmAll remove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepared by cutting medium: weigh following raw material by weight: yellow soil 65 parts, plant ash 13 parts, conch meal 10 parts,Waste material of edible mushroom 28 parts, compound fertilizer 7 parts, fertilizer 16 parts, silkworm faeces 11 parts；After fully being mixed by each raw material, heap is in heaps, adds water and mixesEven, amount of water does not flow out water with substrate heap bottom and is limited, natural compost 5 months,；
2) selection of nursery lot: nursery lot is preferably located at the place that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, leeward；
3) make bed: to the ground, garden selected wholely, at least in cuttage beginning in first 1 month wholely, remove ground weeds, execute for every muFarm manure 200 kilograms, compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, plant ash 70 kilograms make base fertilizer, then plough under in soil, flatten plot, behind whole ground i.e.Start to make seedbed, seedbed width with 1.2-1.4 rice, high 5-10 centimetre be advisable, the step 1 that 8-10cm is thick is spread in seedbed after performing) systemStandby cutting medium, waters permeable, lays automatic spraying device along both sides, seedbed flexible pipe；Installing one every 3m can level sideTo 180 degree of shower nozzles rotated, the shower nozzle Heterogeneous Permutation on both sides, seedbed is installed, and the shower nozzle on both sides is oppositely arranged, and water spraying direction is obliqueOn, 60 ° of angles are become with seedbed；
4) sterilization: before cuttage, with potassium permanganate solution or 50% carbendazol wettable powder of concentration 0.5～1 ‰After 600-800 times of aqueous solution or the thiophanate methyl aqueous solution that concentration is 1～2 ‰ carry out spray disinfectant to seedbed, exist immediatelyThin film is covered on bamboo shelf, surrounding soil pressure tightening seal, Nausea drying 7～10 days；
5) cool canopy is set up: nursery lot sets up cool canopy, and cool canopy height 2.1-2.5 rice, degree of shading is at 60%-70%；
6) cuttage bar is chosen and is processed: select high yield, disease and insect resistance camellia oleifera cultivar, take band axillalry bud on annual joint, not damaged,Branch without pest and disease damage is cut to one section by 2-3 to axillalry bud, long 12-15cm, as cuttage bar, presses nature growth time for each sectionSuccessively, being divided into and first generate end and rear generation end, rear generation end one saves the leaf on axillalry bud and retains, every leaf cuts off half,Leaf bands stalk on other joints is removed, and puts and allows after its natural dehydration 5～8% in the cool, cuttage bar base portion is cut into one and inclinesInclined-plane, inclined plane becomes 60 °, puts in No. 1 rooting powder solution of ABT of 500mg/L and soaks 6-8 hour, and taking-up clear water rinses10-15 minute, then cuttage bar base portion is put into the FeCl of 0.05mol/L2Solution soaks 10-15 minute, takes out and prepare cuttage；
7) cuttage: the thin film of seedbed bamboo shelf is opened, seedbed is watered permeable, then cuttage bar is pressed seeding row spacing 10 × 20Centimetre and angle at 45 °, ground insert cutting medium, insert the degree of depth of cutting medium with the 1/2 to 2/3 of cuttage bar length andThe axillalry bud of rear generation section is advisable no less than 3 centimetres higher than the distance of cutting medium, and cuttage covers thin film, surrounding soil again after completingCompress and seal；
8) nursery bed management after cuttage:
A. heat and moisture preserving: thin temperature in the shed controls at 22～28 DEG C, and humid control is 75～80%；
B. except sprouting: after cuttage about 15 days, cuttage bar starts to extract sprouting out, within about 20 days, carries out except sprouting, every strain cuttage barRetaining 1～2 rudiment branch grown fine, remaining is erased；
C. spray water: cuttage seedbed can not hydrops can not hydropenia, as found seedbed hydropenia, automatic spray should be passed through in timeDevice carries out spray water to ensure temperature and humidity；
D. remove film hood and remove cool canopy: after cuttage one and a half months, carrying out seedling exercising 5-7 days: before every morning 8-9 point,By automatic spraying device spray water 10-15 minute, then open the thin film of seedbed two-port, allow cross-ventilation, afternoon 6-7 pointBefore, the thin film of seedbed two-port is built, by automatic spraying device spray water 15-20 minute.Seedling exercising complete after by thin filmAll remove, after a week, cool canopy is removed, meanwhile, carry out the preventing and treating of sterilization and subterranean pest-insect, until outplanting.
Remove after cool canopy, i.e. to the survival rate of oil tea cutting seedling, averagely take root number, root average length, the average base portion of sproutingDiameter, sprouting average length are added up, the statistical data of embodiment 1-3 such as table 1.
Table 1
Based on the Camellia oleifera Cutting Seedling Raising method of embodiment 2, do contrast test.
In the case of other steps are constant, remove the use of cutting medium, test 1 as a comparison.
In the case of other steps are constant, step 6) during cuttage bar chooses and process, cuttage bar soaks through rooting powder solutionAfter bubble, clear water rinse, i.e. for cuttage, not through FeCl2Solution processes, and tests 2 as a comparison.
In the case of other steps are constant, removing the use of cutting medium, meanwhile, cuttage bar is also without FeCl2SolutionProcess, test 3 as a comparison.
Equally, remove after cool canopy, i.e. average to the survival rate of oil tea cutting seedling, averagely take root number, root average length, sproutingBase diameter, sprouting average length are added up, contrast test 1, contrast test 2, the statistical data such as table 2 of contrast test 3.
Table 2
Although, the present invention is described in detail the most with a general description of the specific embodiments, butOn the basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.CauseThis, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.