A kind of underwood planting method of paris polyphyllaTechnical field
The present invention relates to Chinese medicine field of planting, specifically, being to be related to a kind of underwood planting method of paris polyphylla.
Background technique
Paris polyphylla is long one of the important Chinese medicine of China's usage history, and rhizome is used as medicine, cold nature, and bitter is slightly poisonous；ToolThere is clearing heat and detoxicating, swelling and pain relieving, antitumor equal medicinal efficacies, are one of the primary raw materials of famous patent medicine " Yunnan Baiyao "；In recent yearsCarry out demand of the market to Paris polyphylla to sharply increase, annual consumption is all far beyond the year increment of Paris polyphylla, and Paris polyphylla is raw in additionReasons, the Paris polyphylla resources such as long period is long, living environment goes to pot and artificial predation formula acquires have been on the verge of exhaustion, some areasWild resource is endangered；Therefore, artificial cultivation Paris polyphylla has become inexorable trend.
Because of paris polyphylla growth period more a length of 5-8, in cultivated area today less and less, paris polyphylla is planted using arable landIt will affect the production of grain, and the input cost for plantation paris polyphylla of ploughing is very high, such as site preparation, scaffolding, watering, fertilising, is beaten at reason moisture in the soilPesticide, building shading shed etc., a series of cultivation steps will put into more fund and labour；Existing hayashishita paris polyphylla plantationThe paris polyphylla of method plantation is vulnerable to insect pest slow growth.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is that the paris polyphylla of existing hayashishita paris polyphylla implantation methods plantation is slow vulnerable to insect pest growthSlowly.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of underwood planting method of paris polyphylla the following steps are included:
(1) the rainfall is plentiful and each layer height of earth's surface has plant distributions for selection, and air flows, and temperature, humidity variation are equalStable place；And height above sea level is in 1800m or more, the gradient is in the planting site that 15 ° -45 ° of Broad-leaved Mixed Forest is paris polyphylla；
(2) the back shade face that sunshine is shorter in step (1) is selected, rejects and sets upper overstocked branches and leaves or be laid with sunshade net, make light transmissionRate is 30%-60%；25cm or more is ploughed deeply into soil comprehensively, the plant ash for then spreading 50-70kg per acre carries out soil disinfectionIt is adjusted with pH value, makes the pH value of soil between 6.3-6.9；
(3) by the ground levelling of step (2), furrow, furrow face wide 120cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm are in leveling；It applies per acreIt uses decomposed fertilizer 1500-2500kg as base fertilizer, Paris polyphylla seedling or rhizome is entered on furrow with the spacing in the rows kind of 10cm then, then coveredWith a thickness of 3-7cm soil layer, the litter of 5-7cm thickness is then covered again；
(4) paris polyphylla second year starts under kind, and annual 5 to August application medicinal material special fertilizer 2 times or more, every time per acre100-120kg, when application will medicinal material special fertilizer crush after be uniformly sprinkling upon in furrow face；
(5) excavate after planting 4 years with cutting the method for staying bud always, it is described to cut the old method for staying bud and be after digging out paris polyphylla,The rhizome for cutting earlier year growth does medicine, and by the one root section stem of top with bud, former hole is planted back together with fibrous root, sustainable utilization.
Specifically, it is decomposed fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: 95 parts of dry sheep dungs, 5 parts of humics are added by weight into fermentation vatSoil, 0.5 part of black-koji mould keep fermentation heap temperature between 45-65 DEG C, and water content, will 50%, aerobic fermentation 15-25 daysGained fermentation material low temperature drying.
Specifically, medicinal material special fertilizer includes 50-80 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 40-50 parts of biogas slurry, 5-20 parts of chinaberry element powder, amino acid5-10 parts of SODm solution, 1-2 parts of fermenting agent；The fermenting agent be aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum by weightCompound formulation made of 1:2；
Medicinal material special fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(a) feces of livestock and poultry, chinaberry element powder, amino acid SODm solution are uniformly mixed；
(b) biogas slurry is added and adjusts material moisture content, make its water content 60% or more, and stirring keeps material uniform；
(c) compound formulation is added, stirring makes it uniformly, stacking；
(d) it is adjusted in fermentation process by spraying biogas slurry and keeps in heap body material moisture in 60%-80%, heap body temperatureIt is primary every 2-3d turning when degree reaches 60 DEG C or more；It is primary every 7d turning when heap temperature is reduced to 50 DEG C, when heap bodyFermentation is completed when temperature is down to close to environment temperature.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) present invention selection it is pollution-free the rainfall is plentiful and each layer height of earth's surface has the High aititude regions of plant distributions, makeThe growing environment of paris polyphylla is more preferable, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, and the few long-term fallen leaves of the harmful substance in soil make soilContent of organics is higher.
(2) any combination of two of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, chinaberry element powder, biogas slurry uses in the present invention, together with respect to threePoor using the effect reached, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, chinaberry element powder, biogas slurry can promote paris polyphylla stalk and rhizome when being used togetherGrowth, and there is stronger insect pest ability；Grow paris polyphylla more preferable.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, and embodiments of the present invention include but is not limited to following realityApply example.
Embodiment 1
The rainfall is plentiful and each layer height of earth's surface has plant distributions for selection, and air flows, and temperature, humidity variation are stablePlace；And height above sea level is in 1800m or more, the gradient is in the planting site that 15 ° -45 ° of Broad-leaved Mixed Forest is paris polyphylla；Select sunshine compared withShort back shade face rejects and sets upper overstocked branches and leaves or be laid with sunshade net, makes light transmittance 30%-60%；Soil is ploughed deeply comprehensively25cm or more, the plant ash for then spreading 50kg per acre carry out soil disinfection and pH value and adjust, make the pH value of soil 6.3 itBetween；Then by ground levelling, furrow, furrow face wide 120cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 25cm are in leveling；Decomposed fertilizer 1500kg is applied per acreAs base fertilizer, then Paris polyphylla seedling or rhizome are entered on furrow with the spacing in the rows kind of 10cm, then cladding thickness is 3-7cm soil layer, soCover the litter of 5-7cm thickness again afterwards；
Paris polyphylla second year starts under kind, and annual 5 to August apply medicinal material special fertilizer for 2 times or more, every time 100kg per acre,It is uniformly sprinkling upon in furrow face after crushing medicinal material special fertilizer when application；It is excavated after plantation 4 years with cutting the method for staying bud always, it is describedCutting the method for staying bud always is after digging out paris polyphylla, and the rhizome for cutting earlier year growth does medicine, and the one root section stem of top with bud is connectedFormer hole plants back fibrous root together, sustainable utilization.
Wherein, it is decomposed fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: be added by weight into fermentation vat 95 parts of dry sheep dungs, 5 parts of fertile soil,0.5 part of black-koji mould keeps fermentation heap temperature between 45-65 DEG C, and water content is 50%, aerobic fermentation 15-25 days, by gainedFermentation material low temperature drying.
Wherein, medicinal material special fertilizer includes 50 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 40 parts of biogas slurry, 5 parts of chinaberry element powder, 5 parts of amino acid SODm solution,1 part of fermenting agent；The fermenting agent is aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, compound formulation made of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1:2 by weight；
Medicinal material special fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps: feces of livestock and poultry, chinaberry element powder, amino acid SODm solution are uniformly mixed；It is addedBiogas slurry adjusts material moisture content, makes its water content 60% or more, and stirring keeps material uniform；Compound formulation is added, stirring makes itUniformly, stacking；It is adjusted in fermentation process by spraying biogas slurry and keeps in heap body material moisture in 60%-80%, heap body temperatureIt is primary every 2-3d turning when degree reaches 60 DEG C or more；It is primary every 7d turning when heap temperature is reduced to 50 DEG C, when heap bodyFermentation is completed when temperature is down to close to environment temperature.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that: the plant ash for spreading 55kg per acre carries out soil disinfection and pH valueIt adjusts, makes the pH value of soil between 6.5；Decomposed fertilizer 2000kg is applied per acre as base fertilizer；Medicinal material special fertilizer is every time per acre110kg；Medicinal material special fertilizer includes 60 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 45 parts of biogas slurry, 10 parts of chinaberry element powder, 7 parts of amino acid SODm solution, zymophyte1.5 parts of agent；The fermenting agent is aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, compound formulation made of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1:2 by weight.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 are: the plant ash for spreading 65kg per acre carries out soil disinfectionIt is adjusted with pH value, makes the pH value of soil between 6.8；Decomposed fertilizer 2300kg is applied per acre as base fertilizer；Medicinal material special fertilizer is everySecondary 115kg per acre；Medicinal material special fertilizer includes 70 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 47 parts of biogas slurry, 15 parts of chinaberry element powder, 9 parts of amino acid SODm solution,1.8 parts of fermenting agent；The fermenting agent is aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, compound system made of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1:2 by weightAgent.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 to embodiment 3 are: the plant ash for spreading 70kg per acre carries out soil disinfectionIt is adjusted with pH value, makes the pH value of soil between 6.9；Decomposed fertilizer 2500kg is applied per acre as base fertilizer；Medicinal material special fertilizer is everySecondary 120kg per acre；Medicinal material special fertilizer includes 80 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 50 parts of biogas slurry, 20 parts of chinaberry element powder, amino acid SODm solution 10Part, 2 parts of fermenting agent；The fermenting agent is aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, compound system made of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1:2 by weightAgent.
Embodiment 5
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 is: the plant ash for spreading 70kg per acre carries out soil disinfectionIt is adjusted with pH value, makes the pH value of soil between 6.9；Decomposed fertilizer 2500kg is applied per acre as base fertilizer；Medicinal material special fertilizer is everySecondary 120kg per acre；Medicinal material special fertilizer includes 80 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 50 parts of biogas slurry, 20 parts of chinaberry element powder, amino acid SODm solution 10Part, 2 parts of fermenting agent；The fermenting agent is aspergillus niger microbial inoculum.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 to embodiment 5 are: the plant ash for spreading 70kg per acre carries out soil disinfectionIt is adjusted with pH value, makes the pH value of soil between 6.9；Decomposed fertilizer 2500kg is applied per acre as base fertilizer；Medicinal material special fertilizer is everySecondary 120kg per acre；Medicinal material special fertilizer includes 80 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 50 parts of biogas slurry, 10 parts of amino acid SODm solution, fermenting agent 2Part；The fermenting agent is aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, compound formulation made of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1:2 by weight.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1 to embodiment 6 are: the plant ash for spreading 70kg per acre carries out soil disinfectionIt is adjusted with pH value, makes the pH value of soil between 6.9；Decomposed fertilizer 2500kg is applied per acre as base fertilizer；Medicinal material special fertilizer is everySecondary 120kg per acre；Medicinal material special fertilizer includes 80 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, and 20 parts of chinaberry element powder, 10 parts of amino acid SODm solution, fermenting agent2 parts；The fermenting agent is aspergillus niger microbial inoculum, compound formulation made of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum 1:2 by weight.
The Yunnan weight that embodiment 1 to embodiment 6 and existing paris polyphylla implantation methods is planted is checked when planting 2 year zero MarchThe ratio for being not affected by the paris polyphylla of insect pest is checked in building；It takes 10 sturdy paris polyphylla seedlings that stalk height is taken to sum and passes through averageValue seeks the stalk height of single Paris polyphylla, obtains embodiment 1 to embodiment 6 and existing paris polyphylla implantation methods by the above methodThe stalk height of the paris polyphylla of plantation；After paris polyphylla is planted 4 years, paris polyphylla is dug out in the same time, chooses embodiment 1 to implementation10 heavier paris polyphylla roots in example 6 and the paris polyphylla of existing paris polyphylla implantation methods plantation, weigh pass through average value again respectivelyFind out the weight of single paris polyphylla root；Concrete condition is as follows:
Interpretation of result: embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 not by insect pest rate, stalk height, the weight of root are close, are not presentMarked difference；The paris polyphylla of existing paris polyphylla implantation methods plantation is not below implementation by insect pest rate, stalk height and root weightExample 1 is into embodiment 7 any group, therefore the relatively existing paris polyphylla implantation methods of the present invention are in insect-pest, stalk growth rate and root weightThe effect reached in amount is more preferable；For embodiment 5 to embodiment 7 not by insect pest rate, stalk height, the weight of root are below embodiment1 to embodiment 4, and wherein embodiment 5 lacks bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum with respect to embodiment 1 to embodiment 4, and embodiment 6 is relatively realIt applies example 1 to embodiment 4 and lacks chinaberry element powder, embodiment 7 lacks biogas slurry with respect to embodiment 1 to embodiment 4, therefore bacillus subtilisAgent, any combination of two of chinaberry element powder, biogas slurry use, and it is poor to be used together the effect reached with respect to three, bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum,Chinaberry element powder, biogas slurry can promote the growth of paris polyphylla stalk and rhizome when being used together, and have stronger insect pest ability；It utilizesThe content of the Chinese medicinal material Paris polyphylla Total saponin of paris polyphylla dry product that the present invention produces production through detection be more than 4/10000ths withOn, reach National Pharmacopeia standard.
It can be microorganism due to containing cellulose, protein etc. in feces of livestock and poultry, amino acid SODm solution, chinaberry element powderActivity provides nutrition, and black-koji mould decomposes above-mentioned substance and generates acid protease, cellulase etc.；Bacillus subtilis has veryStarch Hydrolysis first can be generated carbohydrate by strong diastase, cellulase activity and proteinase activity, further laterFast degradation.Antagonism is not present in two kinds of bacterium compatibilities, mutually promotes, and function complements one another, and can accelerate fermentation process, shortens compostPeriod, while also improving compost quality and maturity；Using biogas slurry as fermentation substrate and substrate conditioning agent, kill two birds with one stone；This can generate glucide after medicinal material special fertilizer is manured into soil, and with plant mucilage, mineral idiosome and organic colloid are incorporated in oneIt rises, soil aggregate structure can be improved, moreover it is possible to participate in humus and be formed；Therefore the fertilizer using farmers''s aquaculture excrement as raw material,Fertilizer efficiency is high, and raw material is easy to get, strong applicability；And fabrication cycle is short, high conversion rate；Also having after application improves soil physical propertyShape significantly improves the effect of soil fertility.
According to above-described embodiment, the present invention can be realized well.It is worth noting that before based on said structure designIt puts, to solve same technical problem, even if that makes in the present invention is some without substantive change or polishing, is usedTechnical solution essence still as the present invention, therefore it should also be as within the scope of the present invention.