Background technology
Drilling well is the inevitable approach of underground oil and gas resource exploitation to ground.According to design well trajectory shape, oil wellStraight well, directional well and horizontal well can be divided into.
In terms of directional well, horizontal well drilling, increasing hole angle, drop angle and torsion orientation are crept into operation and are referred to as steerable drilling, are to changeBecome the necessary means of well track (including hole deviation and orientation).Under normal circumstances, helicoid hydraulic motor and MWD/LWD instrument is used to carry outSteerable drilling, but, orientation difficulty, High angle section easily formed cutting bed and occur the always engineers and technicians such as backing pressure withoutThe difficult problem that method solves, thus causes bit speed slow, long construction period, and operating cost is high, causes down-hole complex accident time seriousEven well is scrapped, and economic loss is serious.Since the 1980s, many families oil abroad takes companies and succeeds in developing rotationTurn guide drilling tool, dependable performance, but Site Service somewhat expensive.In recent years, domestic Duo Jia oilfield enterprise and science and technology institutesCooperation development rotary steering drilling tool development work, wherein the middle unit such as oil drilling institute, CNOOC academy is succeeded in developingAnd start on-the-spot test, but, also have a Duan Henchang road to walk away from commercial applications.
In terms of straight well drilling well, anti-oblique and drop angle is an eternal research topic.In early days, mainly use drill collar, lay particular stress onDrill collar, abnormity drill collar, or according to cantilever beam flexural deformation principle, drill collar and regulator are combined into different structure BHACarry out anti-oblique, drop angle.If poor effect, little the pressure of the drill hangs up and beats and creeps into, and bit speed is slow, long construction period, and operating cost is high.TwoSince tenth century the eighties, many families oil abroad takes companies and succeeds in developing vertical drilling tool, dependable performance, but on-the-spot clothesBusiness somewhat expensive.In recent years, domestic Duo Jia oilfield enterprise and science and technology institutes's cooperation development vertical drilling tool development work, whereinDrilling well institute is drilled in grand celebration, the western probing unit such as drilling well institute and Baoji oil is succeeded in developing and starts on-the-spot test.It addition, triumphOil drilling institute has succeeded in developing a kind of mechanical automatic vertical drilling tool, and on-the-spot its deflecting control precision of testing cannot meetEngine request, currently improves perfect.
Therefore, in the case of commonly using helicoid hydraulic motor and MWD/LWD instrument carries out steerable drilling, a kind of low cost is developedMechanical guide drilling tool substitute rotary steering drilling tool and solve the orientation difficulty in terms of directional well, horizontal well drilling, rockThe bits difficult problem such as bed, backing pressure, meanwhile, is alternatively arranged as anti-oblique, the drop angle in terms of a kind of particular vertical drilling tool solves straight well drilling wellProblem, improves bit speed, reduces operating cost, is a thing the most valuable, has good economic benefit and societyCan benefit.
Patent of invention content
The purpose of patent of the present invention is to provide a kind of mechanical guide drilling tool, has been used in directional well, horizontal well increasingTiltedly, operation is crept in drop angle or torsion orientation.It practice, can the mechanical guide drilling tool of drop angle also be a kind of particular vertical spudderTool, anti-oblique in straight well, drop angle measure.
Patent of the present invention uses following concrete technical scheme to realize:
Mechanical guide drilling tool is made up of top connection, washing pipe weighting block, urceolus, lower contact, relief valve, plunger, push pedal.
Top connection upper end is screw threads of petroleum drilling tools box, is used for connecting oil drilling tools, lower end be special thread pin thread and withUrceolus links together, and lower end endoporus forms with the supporting grinding in washing pipe upper end of washing pipe weighting block, seals reliable, flexible rotation.
Washing pipe weighting block is the critical component of mechanical guide drilling tool, is made up of washing pipe and weighting block, and the two can be singleSolely processing is assembled integrally, it is possible to overall processing forms.
Washing pipe be hollow, etc. wall thickness metal tube.High-pressure slurry flows through at a high speed from washing pipe endoporus, and high velocity mud stream is inclined to washing pipePouring weight sensitivity does not constitute any impact.Washing pipe lower end forms with the supporting grinding of endoporus of lower contact upper end, seals reliable, rotates spiritLive；Secondly, washing pipe end portion washing pipe is designed to fan-shaped washing pipe structure, and its length enough processes installation slurry channel and relief valveTouching switch.
Weighting block can be processed into difformity as required, it is possible to selects unlike material or various material combination, to the greatest extentMaximum possible increases weighting block weight and deviation of gravity center degree, improves the sensitivity level of washing pipe weighting block with this.
Urceolus upper and lower end is connected with top connection, lower contact by special thread, its external diameter and top connection, lower contact bodyDiameter is identical, and therefore, the pressure of the drill of top drilling tool, moment of torsion and pulling force are sequentially delivered to drill bit by top connection, urceolus and lower contact.It addition, outer barrel, top connection lower surface and lower contact upper surface are collectively forming a closed chamber, protection washing pipe weighting block is not subject toBeing full of hydraulic oil in external environment influence, and closed chamber, hydraulic fluid pressure 3.0-4.0MPa, it is inside and outside that its value is about bottomholeMud pressure reduction 2/3, its effect is balance washing pipe inside and outside portion pressure reduction, slows down washing pipe upper and lower end seal failure, extends washing pipe and lay particular stress onBlock service life.
Lower contact upper end is special thread pin thread and links together with urceolus, and lower end is screw threads of petroleum drilling tools box, usesIn connecting drill bit.Lower contact is according to three centering edges of 120 ° of uniform designs, and centering edge maximum outside diameter is slightly less than borehole diameter.OftenOn individual centering edge, all processing is provided with the parts such as slurry channel, relief valve, plunger and push pedal.
Relief valve is formed by touching switch, needle-valve, spring, sealing member, plug and pressure release passage etc., wherein pressure release passage withSlurry channel is connected, and pressure release passage and slurry channel are in the same direction.
Each centering edge two plungers of design, or referred to as one group plunger, the most often two plungers of group.Plunger is arranged on postIn plug cylinder, it is connected with slurry channel bottom plunger case.Often group plunger quantity and diameter of plunger size have with underground work environmentClosing, such as, upper formation creeps into, and bottomhole inside and outside mud pressure reduction is big, and stratum is soft, needs bit lateral aggressivity power little, because ofThis, often group plunger quantity will less and diameter is relatively small；Ultra-deep stratum creeps into, and bottomhole inside and outside mud pressure reduction is little, stratumFirmly, need bit lateral aggressivity power big, therefore, often organize the quantity of plunger and want many and diameter is relatively large.
Push pedal is the general name including the parts such as push pedal, cover plate, spring, sealing member and fixed screw.Its effect is that plunger existsWhen stretching out under high-pressure slurry effect, promoting push pedal to be pushed against on the borehole wall, institute's generation borehole wall counteracting force promotes bit lateral aggressivityStratum is to reach the purpose of steerable drilling.When plunger withdrawal, push pedal can automatically reset under the action of the spring.
When certain centering edge slurry channel rotates in the range of the fan-shaped washing pipe breach of washing pipe weighting block, slurry channel is openedOpening, relief valve cuts out, and the high-pressure slurry in washing pipe weighting block endoporus enters plunger case through slurry channel, and plunger stretches out and promotesPlate is pushed against on the borehole wall, and borehole wall counteracting force promotes bit lateral aggressivity stratum steerable drilling；When certain centering edge slurry channel revolvesWhen forwarding to outside the fan-shaped washing pipe breach scope of washing pipe weighting block, slurry channel is closed, and relief valve is opened, plunger case inner high voltage mudIt is discharged into bore hole annulus, plunger and push pedal through slurry channel and pressure release passage to regain, does not produce borehole wall counteracting force.Therefore, punchingOn pipe weighting block, lower contact upper end endoporus and sidewall thereof, three 120 ° of uniform slurry channels collectively constitute mechanical guide drilling toolGuiding mechanism.
Furtherly, three 120 ° of uniform slurry channels also can design on the baseplane of lower contact upper end endoporus.Its toolBody position and three 120 ° uniform centering edge physical dimensions of lower contact, the plunger case degree of depth, slurry channel and pressure release passage arrangement sideThe factors such as formula, mechanical processing technique level are relevant, need to consider as a whole in Design and manufacturing process to determine.
The washing pipe centrage of washing pipe weighting block is paralleled with borehole axis, and therefore, as long as there is hole deviation, washing pipe centrage is justMust be to tilt, washing pipe weighting block rotates freely around washing pipe centrage under self gravitation effect and weighting block is in all the timeImmediately below washing pipe centrage.Furtherly, when fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction is consistent with weighting block direction, fan-shaped washing pipe breach sideTo also immediately below washing pipe centrage, mechanical guide drilling tool increasing hole angle steerable drilling；When fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction with lay particular stress onWhen Block direction is contrary, fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction directly over washing pipe centrage, mechanical guide drilling tool drop angle steerable drilling；When fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction is vertical with weighting block direction, fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction is at washing pipe centrage just left (or right)Side, orientation steerable drilling turned round by mechanical guide drilling tool.
On certain centering edge, push pedal is persistently pushed against institute's generation borehole wall counteracting force time length and its slurry channel on the borehole wallWhen rotating in the range of the fan-shaped washing pipe breach of washing pipe weighting block, persistent period length is relevant, and it is inclined that its slurry channel rotates to washing pipeTime in the range of the fan-shaped washing pipe breach of pouring weight, persistent period length is relevant with the Notch angle size of fan-shaped washing pipe again.Three rightingsRib rotates again and again, and three slurry channels replace, open and close in an orderly manner, and therefore, three borehole wall counteracting forces are interruptedProperty ground, promote stratum, bit cutting the same side steerable drilling regularly, and the excursion in borehole wall counteracting force direction and fanThe Notch angle of shape washing pipe is consistent.When the Notch angle of and if only if fan-shaped washing pipe is just a certain special angle, three 120 °On uniform centering edge, slurry channel there is all the time one or two slurry channel to be in opening, two other or a mudAt passage in off position, therefore, high-pressure slurry enters plunger case by slurry channel, and plunger stretches out and promotes push pedal to be producedBorehole wall counteracting force be continuous print, non-discontinuity, and the vector direction of three borehole wall counteracting forces is permanent in certain limitIn, unrelated with fan-shaped washing pipe Notch angle size, promote drill bit automatic guide drilling well continuously.Furtherly, three boreholes wall are counter makeesVector direction firmly is exactly the tool-face direction of mechanical guide drilling tool, wherein, increasing hole angle boring means face permanent 330 °-30 °, drop angle boring means face is permanent at 150 °-210 °, turns round boring means face, orientation permanent at 60 °-120 ° or 240 °-300 °.
The amount of curvature of mechanical guide drilling tool institute drilling well eye, in other words, its rate of increase of angle, drop angle rate and torsion orientation wellThe size of rate of change is directly proportional to borehole wall counteracting force size.Borehole wall counteracting force is equal to push pedal thrust, and push pedal thrust is equal to againPlunger quantity, plunger floor space and the product of high-pressure slurry pressure reduction three on each centering edge.For certain specifications and modelsFor mechanical guide drilling tool, plunger quantity and plunger floor space are changeless, but, its high-pressure slurry pressure reduction is canAdjust.Precisely, high-pressure slurry pressure reduction is equal to the difference of the inside and outside mud fluid column pressure of bottomhole, but, owing to machinery is ledVery near to drilling tool distance drill bit, mud pressure consumption and slurry channel place in the drill string between slurry channel and bit nozzleBore hole annulus pressure consumption between well depth and shaft bottom is the most negligible, and therefore, high-pressure slurry pressure reduction is approximately equal to bit nozzle pressureFall.For the BHA with mechanical guide drilling tool, in adjusting bit nozzle sectional area before lower brill and creeping intoOutside replacing different-diameter mud slurry pump cylinder jacket, adjustment slush pump strokes per minute can be with Indirect method high-pressure slurry pressure reduction, all right in creeping intoBy the bypass valve part flow arrangement Indirect method high-pressure slurry pressure reduction being arranged on standpipe, thus obtain and meet well track designThe hole curvature required.
Patent of the present invention provides the benefit that: when straight well drilling well, bores the every time drill set started first time in time spudding inIn conjunction nearly drill bit position all install can the mechanical guide drilling tool of drop angle, as long as hole deviation occurs, mechanical guide drilling toolAutomatically drop angle creeps into until well returns to plumbness, follow-up creep in hole deviation occurs again, mechanical guide drilling tool is againSecondary automatic drop angle creeps into, and occurs that hole deviation and automatic drop angle creep into circularly, hole deviation is controlled all the time in allowed band, because ofThis, can the mechanical guide drilling tool of drop angle be exactly a kind of special vertical drilling tool.The non-reservoir of chance is repeatedly bored at horizontal segmentAnd after adjustment well track, use helicoid hydraulic motor and MWD/LWD instrument direction drilling well extremely difficult, even drilling tool during slipping drillingSend less than shaft bottom, now, pull out of hole change with can the BHA of mechanical guide drilling tool of increasing hole angle (or drop angle), rotate and turnDish, can deliver to drilling tool shaft bottom smoothly when drill string rotating and the automatic increasing hole angle of mechanical guide drilling tool (or drop angle) creeps into, reachThe well required to geosteering engineer raises or lowers after hole deviation, pull out of hole more tape swapping helicoid hydraulic motor and MWD/LWD instrumentBHA carries out horizontal segment compound drilling.
Detailed description of the invention
Mechanical guide drilling tool is by top connection (1), washing pipe weighting block (2), urceolus (3), lower contact (4), relief valve(5), plunger (6), push pedal (7) composition.
With embodiment, patent of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Top connection (1) upper end is screw threads of petroleum drilling tools box, is used for connecting oil drilling tools, lower end be special thread pin thread andLinking together with urceolus (3), lower end endoporus forms with the supporting grinding in washing pipe upper end of washing pipe weighting block (2), seals reliable, rotationTurn flexibly.
Washing pipe weighting block (2) is the critical component of mechanical guide drilling tool, is made up of washing pipe and weighting block, the twoIndividually processing is assembled integrally, it is possible to overall processing forms.
Washing pipe be hollow, etc. wall thickness metal tube.High-pressure slurry flows through at a high speed from washing pipe endoporus, and high velocity mud stream is inclined to washing pipePouring weight (2) sensitivity does not constitute any impact.Washing pipe lower end forms with the supporting grinding of endoporus of lower contact (4) upper end, seals reliable,Flexible rotation；Secondly, washing pipe end portion washing pipe is designed to fan-shaped washing pipe structure, its length enough process installation slurry channel andRelief valve (5) touching switch.
Weighting block can be processed into difformity as required, it is possible to selects unlike material or various material combination, to the greatest extentMaximum possible increases weighting block weight and deviation of gravity center degree, improves the sensitivity level of washing pipe weighting block (2) with this.
Urceolus (3) upper and lower end is connected with top connection (1), lower contact (4) by special thread, its external diameter and top connection(1), lower contact (4) body diameter identical, therefore, the pressure of the drill of top drilling tool, moment of torsion and pulling force pass through top connection (1), urceolus (3)It is sequentially delivered to drill bit with lower contact (4).It addition, urceolus (3) inside, top connection (1) lower surface and lower contact (4) upper surface are commonWith forming a closed chamber, protection washing pipe weighting block (2) is not by external environment influence, and is full of hydraulic oil, hydraulic pressure in closed chamberOil pressure 3.0-4.0MPa, its value is about bottomhole inside and outside mud pressure reduction 2/3, and its effect is balance washing pipe inside and outside portion pressureDifference, slows down washing pipe upper and lower end seal failure, extends washing pipe weighting block (2) service life.
Lower contact (4) upper end is special thread pin thread and links together with urceolus (3), and lower end is that screw threads of petroleum drilling tools is femaleButton, is used for connecting drill bit.Lower contact (4) is according to three centering edges of 120 ° of uniform designs, and centering edge maximum outside diameter is slightly less than wellDiameter.On each centering edge, all processing is provided with the parts such as slurry channel, relief valve (5), plunger (6) and push pedal (7).
Relief valve (5) is made up of touching switch, needle-valve, spring, sealing member, plug and pressure release passage etc., and wherein pressure release is led toRoad is connected with slurry channel, and pressure release passage and slurry channel are in the same direction.
Each centering edge two plungers (6) of design, or referred to as one group plunger (6), the most often two plungers (6) of group.PostPlug (6) is arranged in plunger case, is connected with slurry channel bottom plunger case.Often organize plunger (6) quantity and plunger (6) diameter is bigLittle relevant with underground work environment, such as, upper formation creeps into, and bottomhole inside and outside mud pressure reduction is big, and stratum is soft, needs to boreRostral is little to cutting force, and therefore, often organizing plunger (6) quantity will less and diameter is relatively small；Ultra-deep stratum creeps into, bottomholeInside and outside mud pressure reduction is little, and stratum is hard, needs bit lateral aggressivity power big, and therefore, the quantity often organizing plunger (6) wants many and diameterRelatively large.
Push pedal (7) is the general name including the parts such as push pedal, cover plate, spring, sealing member and fixed screw.Its effect is plunger(6) when stretching out under high-pressure slurry effect, promoting push pedal (7) to be pushed against on the borehole wall, institute's generation borehole wall counteracting force promotes drill bitSide cutting stratum is to reach the purpose of steerable drilling.When plunger (6) is regained, push pedal (7) can be the most automaticReset.
When certain centering edge slurry channel rotates in the range of the fan-shaped washing pipe breach of washing pipe weighting block (2), slurry channelOpening, relief valve cuts out, and the high-pressure slurry in washing pipe weighting block (2) endoporus enters plunger case through slurry channel, and plunger (6) stretches outAnd promoting push pedal (7) to be pushed against on the borehole wall, borehole wall counteracting force promotes bit lateral aggressivity stratum steerable drilling；When certain centering edgeWhen slurry channel rotates to outside the fan-shaped washing pipe breach scope of washing pipe weighting block (2), slurry channel is closed, and relief valve is opened, postPlug cylinder inner high voltage mud is discharged into bore hole annulus, plunger (6) and push pedal (7) through slurry channel and pressure release passage and regains, and does not producesBorehole wall counteracting force.Therefore, on washing pipe weighting block (2), lower contact (4) upper end endoporus and sidewall thereof, three 120 ° of uniform mud lead toRoad collectively constitutes the guiding mechanism of mechanical guide drilling tool.
Furtherly, three 120 ° of uniform slurry channels also can design on the baseplane of lower contact (4) upper end endoporus.ItsParticular location is arranged with pressure release passage with (4) three 120 ° uniform centering edge physical dimensions of lower contact, the plunger case degree of depth, slurry channelThe factors such as row mode, mechanical processing technique level are relevant, need to consider as a whole in Design and manufacturing process to determine.
The washing pipe centrage of washing pipe weighting block (2) is paralleled with borehole axis, therefore, as long as hole deviation occurs, and washing pipe centerLine must be just to tilt, and washing pipe weighting block (2) rotates freely and weighting block around washing pipe centrage under self gravitation effectAll the time it is in immediately below washing pipe centrage.Furtherly, when fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction is consistent with weighting block direction, fan-shaped punchingPipe breach direction also immediately below washing pipe centrage, mechanical guide drilling tool increasing hole angle steerable drilling；When fan-shaped washing pipe breach sideTo time in opposite direction with weighting block, fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction directly over washing pipe centrage, mechanical guide drilling tool drop angleSteerable drilling；When fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction is vertical with weighting block direction, fan-shaped washing pipe breach direction is at washing pipe centrage justLeft (or right) side, orientation steerable drilling turned round by mechanical guide drilling tool.
Push pedal on certain centering edge (7) is persistently pushed against institute's generation borehole wall counteracting force time length on the borehole wall and leads to its mudWhen road rotates in the range of the fan-shaped washing pipe breach of washing pipe weighting block (2), persistent period length is relevant, and its slurry channel rotates toTime in the range of the fan-shaped washing pipe breach of washing pipe weighting block (2), persistent period length Notch angle size with fan-shaped washing pipe again hasClose.Three centering edges rotate again and again, and three slurry channels replace, open and close in an orderly manner, and therefore, three boreholes wall are anti-Active force promotes stratum, bit cutting the same side steerable drilling, and the change in borehole wall counteracting force direction by phased manner, regularlyChange scope is consistent with the Notch angle of fan-shaped washing pipe.The Notch angle of and if only if fan-shaped washing pipe is just a certain special angleTime, three 120 ° of uniform centering edges there is all the time one or two slurry channel be in opening in slurry channel, other twoAt an individual or slurry channel in off position, therefore, high-pressure slurry enters plunger case by slurry channel, and plunger (6) stretches outAnd to promote borehole wall counteracting force produced by push pedal (7) be continuous print, non-discontinuity, and the vector of three borehole wall counteracting forcesWith direction perseverance within the specific limits, unrelated with fan-shaped washing pipe Notch angle size, promote drill bit automatic guide drilling well continuously.Enter oneStep is said, the vector direction of three borehole wall counteracting forces is exactly the tool-face direction of mechanical guide drilling tool, and wherein, increasing hole angle boresEntering tool-face permanent at 330 °-30 °, drop angle boring means face is permanent at 150 °-210 °, turns round boring means face, orientation permanent at 60 °-120 °Or 240 °-300 °.
The amount of curvature of mechanical guide drilling tool institute drilling well eye, in other words, its rate of increase of angle, drop angle rate and torsion orientation wellThe size of rate of change is directly proportional to borehole wall counteracting force size.Borehole wall counteracting force is equal to push pedal (7) thrust, push pedal (7) thrustAgain equal to plunger (6) quantity, plunger (6) floor space and the product of high-pressure slurry pressure reduction three on each centering edge.For certainFor planting the mechanical guide drilling tool of specifications and models, plunger (6) quantity and plunger (6) floor space are changeless, but,Its high-pressure slurry pressure reduction is adjustable.Precisely, high-pressure slurry pressure reduction is equal to the difference of the inside and outside mud fluid column pressure of bottomholeValue, but, owing to mechanical guide drilling tool distance drill bit is very near, mud in the drill string between slurry channel and bit nozzleBore hole annulus pressure consumption between pressure consumption and slurry channel place well depth and shaft bottom is the most negligible, therefore, and high-pressure slurry pressure reductionIt is approximately equal to bit nozzle pressure drop.For the BHA with mechanical guide drilling tool, except adjusting drill bit before lower brillThe cross-section area of nozzle and creep into middle replacing different-diameter mud slurry pump cylinder jacket, adjust slush pump strokes per minute can be with Indirect method high-pressure slurry pressureOutside difference, by the bypass valve part flow arrangement Indirect method high-pressure slurry pressure reduction being arranged on standpipe, thus can also obtain in creeping intoThe hole curvature that well track design requires must be met.