CN106215405B - Body-building monitoring arrangement with altimeter - Google Patents

Abstract

Present application is to be directed to the body-building monitoring arrangement with altimeter.The present invention discusses biometric monitoring arrangement, the enforceable various technologies included in these devices.Additionally, it is provided for utilizing the technology of the altimeter in biometric monitoring arrangement.In some embodiments, these technologies can relate to：Biometric monitoring arrangement is recalibrated based on position data；Using altimeter data as the auxiliary of gesture recognition；And/or the airplane-mode of biometric monitoring arrangement is managed using altimeter data.

Description

Body-building monitoring arrangement with altimeter

The application be application No. is the 201410243403.9, applying date on June 3rd, 2014, it is entitled " have heightThe divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of the body-building monitoring arrangement of degree meter ".

Technical field

The present invention be directed to the body-building monitoring arrangements with altimeter.

Background technology

The concern of consumer recently of personal health has been caused to provide a variety of personal health monitoring arrangements on the market.UntilRecently, these devices often use complexity and are usually designed for an activity, such as cycle touring computer.

The recent advances of sensor, electronic device and power supply miniaturization have allowed personal health monitoring arrangement (hereinAlso known as " biometric tracking " or " biometric monitoring " device) size carried with previous unpractical minimum sizeFor.For example, Fitbit Ultra are about 2 inches long, 0.75 inch wide and 0.5 inch of depth biometric monitoring arrangement；It has pixellated display, battery, sensor, wireless communication ability, power supply and the interface button encapsulated in small volume herein,And the integrated intermediate plate for attaching the device to the other parts of pocket or clothes.

Biometric monitoring arrangement discussed herein and wherein workable technology are (and in some cases, in other dressesBiometric following function is needed not be provided in putting) various embodiments.

Invention content

The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification is illustrated in attached drawing and in being described below.Other feature, aspect and advantage will become apparent from the description, schema and claims.Note that the phase of figure belowSize may be not necessarily drawn to scale, be unless specifically indicated the schema of bi-directional scaling.

In some embodiments, it is possible to provide a kind of wearable biometric tracks of device.The wearable biometricTracks of device may include：Pressure sensor is configured to detect the environment around the wearable biometric tracks of deviceAtmospheric gas pressure and output represent the data of height above sea level, wherein representing that the data of height above sea level are at least partially based on by tableShow the air pressure that the pressure sensor data of height above sea level measures；Motion sensor, the motion sensor are configured to detection instituteState the movement of wearable biometric tracks of device and the corresponding exercise data of output；And control logic, wherein the pressure sensingDevice, the motion sensor and the control logic connect by correspondence.The control logic can be configured with：(a) it receivesRepresent the data of height above sea level, (b) receives the exercise data, and (c) determines to represent the data and the institute of height above sea levelState when exercise data moves the first arm movable pulley wide related and (d) in profile in response to (c) to multiple arms in combinationIn described determine and store and the associated data of the first arm movable pulley exterior feature.

In some such embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biometric withTrack device can be configured to be worn in the position for the group being made of the following：The arm of people, the forearm of people, peopleHand and the finger of people.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the pressure sensorIt can be barometertic altimeter.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the motion sensorIt may include selected from one or more sensors of group being made of the following：Accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, piezoelectric sensingDevice, electromagnetic tracker and the imaging sensor based on camera.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the multiple arm movesDriving wheel exterior feature may include one or more arms movement profile for being similar to represent the arm motion of one or more activities, each activity choosingThe group of free the following composition：Running, elliptic exercise, resistance exercise exercise, chin-up, push-up, has been lain on the back at walkingSeat, rope skipping and AEROBIC DANCE.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic warpFurther configuration with：Determine associated first arm motion outline wide with the first arm movable pulley and determining described theOne arm motion outline is with referring to the degree of deviation between motion outline with the first arm movable pulley wide associated first.In some such embodiments, the first arm movable pulley it is wide and described first with reference to both motion outlines can with be selected from byOne or more associated postures of common action of the group of the following composition are associated：Wave baseball bat, wave softball bat,Tennis racket is waved, racket is waved, waves English wall ball racket, wave American wall ball racket, wave Golf club, wave heightGolf ball iron waves golf wedge, waves golf, waving golf and cut push rod, wave golfBall mixed pole performs resistance exercise exercise, performs Wushu, perform gymnastic, perform yoga exercise, in such as billiards etc.Batting in billiard movement, in the billiard movements such as such as Snooker batting, bat, adopt in for example American billiard movements such as pocketTake stroke, play bowling, with riflery, shoot with a pistol, with lancination, wave knife and with knife lattice keep off.In some other or volumesIn outer embodiment, the wearable biometric tracks of device can further include to be connected by correspondence with the control logicThe interface arrangement connect, the control logic be further configured with：Determine the degree of deviation when be more than deviation first thresholdIt measures and is more than described determine of the first threshold amount in response to the degree of deviation and causes the interface arrangement offer described partiallyMargin is more than the instruction of the first threshold amount.The interface arrangement may include being selected from the group being made of the following one orMultiple items：Display, one or more lamps, vibrating motor and audio devices.The instruction may include being selected to be made of the followingGroup one or more：Numerical value score, vibration, sound, figure, icon, animation, the message of instruction fatigue, caution wearThe message that the message and the warning wearer that person is slowed down are had a rest.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, first arm movesThe type activity that can crook one's arm with resistance exercise of driving wheel exterior feature is associated, and in the exercise data and represents the data packet of height above sea levelContaining an example or two or more substantially continuous examples when, the exercise data and represent height above sea level the numberAccording to can be wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：Exercise data instruction wear the wearable biometric withThe forearm of track device is converted to upward inclined orientation from tilting down orientation during period first time, and the exercise data refers toShow second time week of the forearm for wearing the wearable biometric tracks of device after period first timeIt is converted to during phase from the upward inclined orientation and tilts down orientation and represent can described in the data instruction of height above sea levelWear the increase for the height above sea level that biometric tracks of device is undergone during period first time between 1ft and 2ft.In some such embodiments, for an example, the data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level can be with instituteIt is wide related to state the first arm movable pulley.In some other or Additional embodiments, the number of example may be selected from by the followingThe group of composition：I) 1 to 5 examples, ii) 5 to 8 examples, iii) 8 to 10 examples, iv) 10 to 12 examples, v) it 12 arrives15 examples and vi) 15 to 20 examples.In some such embodiments, the range of the number (i) to (vi) of example canIt is based on indicating the wearer of the wearable biometric tracks of device whether for selected from being made of respectively the followingThe purpose of group is just carrying out the data selection of resistance exercise：I) gain in strength, II) it substantially equally gains in strength and muscleAmount, III) enhance muscle mass and emphasize some strength, IV) enhance muscle mass and emphasize some endurance, V) enhance endurance and emphasizeSome muscle and VI) mainly enhance endurance.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, first arm movesDriving wheel exterior feature can be associated with resistance exercise act type activity firmly, and in the exercise data and the data packet of expression height above sea levelContaining an example or two or more substantially continuous examples when, the exercise data and represent height above sea level the numberAccording to wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：Represent that the data of height above sea level indicate the wearable biometerAmount tracks of device undergoes the increase of the height above sea level between 1.5ft and 2ft during period first time, represents height above sea levelThe data indicate the wearable biometric tracks of device undergo during second time period 1.5ft and 2ft itBetween height above sea level reduction and exercise data instruction wear the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device in realityIt all remains substantially perpendicular during periods first time and the second time period in matter and is downwardly oriented.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, first arm movesDriving wheel exterior feature can be associated with resistance exercise deep-knee-bend or sleeping push type activity, and in the exercise data and represents described in height above sea levelData include example or two or more substantially continuous examples when, the exercise data and represent height above sea levelThe data are wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：Represent that the data instruction of height above sea level is described wearableBiometric tracks of device undergoes the increase of the height above sea level between 0.5ft. and 2ft. during period first time, representsThe data of height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during second time periodThe wearable biometric tracking is worn in the reduction of height above sea level between 0.5ft. and 2ft. and exercise data instructionThe forearm of device substantially all maintain during periods first time and the second time period it is substantially perpendicular andIt is upwardly-directed.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, first arm movesDriving wheel exterior feature can be associated with resistance exercise front raise or side raise type activity, and in the exercise data and represents height above sea levelWhen the data include an example or two or more substantial continuous examples, the exercise data and expression height above sea levelThe data of degree can be wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：It represents described in the data instruction of height above sea levelWearable biometric tracks of device undergoes the increase of the height above sea level between 1ft. and 2ft. during period first time,Represent that the data of height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during second time periodThe wearable biometric tracks of device is worn in the reduction of height above sea level between 1ft. and 2ft., the exercise data instructionForearm from the substantially perpendicular of the beginning in period first time and be downwardly oriented and be converted to period first timeEnd at substantial horizontal orientation and exercise data instruction wear the institute of the wearable biometric tracks of deviceState the end that forearm is converted to the second time period from the substantial horizontal orientation at the beginning of the second time periodPlace it is substantially perpendicular and be downwardly oriented.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the first arm movable pulleyExterior feature can be associated with resistance exercise good morning type activity, and in the exercise data and represents that the data of height above sea level include oneWhen a example or two or more substantial continuous examples, the data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level canIt is wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：Represent that the data of height above sea level indicate the wearable biometricTracks of device undergoes the increase of the height above sea level between 1.5ft. and 2ft. during period first time, represents height above sea levelThe data indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during second time period in 1.5ft. and 2ft.Between height above sea level reduction, exercise data instruction wears the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device from instituteState the beginning in period first time substantial horizontal orientation be converted to it is substantial at the end in period first timeThe instruction of vertical and upwardly-directed and described exercise data wears the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device from instituteThe substantially perpendicular and upwardly-directed of the beginning of second time period is stated to be converted at the end of the second time periodSubstantial horizontal orientation.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, first arm movesDriving wheel exterior feature can be associated with elliptical machine activity, and when there is following situation the exercise data and represent height above sea level described inData can be wide related to the first arm movable pulley：Represent that the data of height above sea level show during period first timeGo out cycle behavior, wherein the small height above sea level variation during each cycle by the handle of elliptical machine with being undergone during normal useHeight above sea level variation match, the exercise data shows cycle behavior, substantially have with represent height above sea level instituteIt states the cycle behavior identical frequency and the exercise data of the data during period first time and includes accelerationData, and the acceleration information is indicated less than the acceleration magnitude used in other cases by the control logic in instituteState the acceleration magnitude during period first time, with determine whether to be attributed to instruction wear the wearable biometric withThe foot of people's participation people of track device leaves the normal walking on ground or the acceleration information of running activity is incremented by pedometer.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, display can with it is describedControl logic connects by correspondence, and the control logic can be further configured so that：I) the first arm movementProfile can be associated with seeing wrist-watch activity；II) are there are following feelings in the data of the exercise data and expression height above sea levelIt can be wide related to the first arm movable pulley during condition：Represent that the data of height above sea level indicate the wearable biometricTracks of device undergoes the about increase of the height above sea level of 1ft. during period first time and exercise data instruction is wornThe forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device is worn during period first time from substantially perpendicular and fixed downwardsTo being converted to substantial horizontal orientation；And III) control logic can be further configured in response to the exercise data andWhen representing that the data of height above sea level determine to cause the display presentation with seeing that wrist-watch activity first movement profile is relevantClock related data.In some such embodiments, the data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level are in the fortuneIn addition dynamic data indicate to wear the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device in followed by described week first timeCan be wide related to the first arm movable pulley when the substantial horizontal orientation is maintained in the second time period of phase, it is describedSecond time period has the non-zero duration.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the multiple arm movesDriving wheel exterior feature may include being similar to the arm movement profile of user's rest, and the control logic can be further configured with：TrackingThe first arm movable pulley exterior feature is substantially similar to the duration of user's rest arm movement profile；And it determines describedThe duration that first arm movable pulley exterior feature is substantially similar to user's rest arm movement profile holds more than restContinuous time threshold.

In some embodiments, it is possible to provide a kind of wearable biometric tracks of device.The wearable biometricTracks of device may include：Pressure sensor is configured to detect the height above sea level of the wearable biometric tracks of device,And output represents the corresponding data of height above sea level；And motion sensor, the motion sensor are configured to wear described in detectionWear the movement of biometric tracks of device and the corresponding exercise data of output；And control logic.It is biometric monitoring arrangement, describedPressure sensor and the control logic connect by correspondence.The control logic can be configured with：It determines to represent height above sea levelWhen the data of degree indicate that not yet experience is more than the wearable biometric tracks of device during period first timeThe height above sea level change rate of first height above sea level change rate threshold value and the data at least responsive to determining expression height above sea levelIndicate that not yet experience is more than first height above sea level to the wearable biometric tracks of device during period first timeThe height above sea level change rate of altitude rate threshold value, during the second time period after period first time will described inWearable biometric tracks of device is placed in lower power consumption state.

In some such embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic can be through into oneStep configuration with：Determine when the exercise data indicates that the wearable biometric tracks of device is close in the first timePeriod undergoes crash and can be by addition in response to determining to represent to wear described in the data instruction of height above sea level beforeWearing biometric tracks of device, not yet experience is more than the first height above sea level change rate threshold during period first timeExcept the height above sea level change rate of value, it is additionally in response to determine that the exercise data indicates the wearable biometric tracks of deviceCrash is undergone before being close in period first time and is placed in the wearable biometric tracks of device relatively lowThe wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in the lower power consumption state by power consumption state.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic canBe further configured with：When the data for determining to represent height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device existsExperience is more than the height above sea level change rate of the second height above sea level change rate threshold value and in response to true during the second time periodSurely represent that the data of height above sea level indicate the wearable biometric tracks of device during the second time periodExperience causes the wearable biometric tracking more than the height above sea level change rate of the second height above sea level change rate threshold valueDevice exits the lower power consumption state.In some such embodiments, the control logic can be further configuredWith：Indicate the wearable biometric tracks of device at described second in response to the data for determining to represent height above sea levelBetween during the period experience more than the height above sea level change rate of the second height above sea level change rate threshold value, cause the wearable lifeThe display of object metering tracks of device is converted to on-state and display message from closing or dormant state.

In some embodiments, it is possible to provide a kind of wearable biometric tracks of device.The wearable biometricTracks of device may include：One or more biometric sensors；Altitude sensor, the altitude sensor are configuredTo detect the height above sea level of the wearable biometric tracks of device and output altitude sensor data；And control is patrolledVolume.One or more described biometric sensors, the altitude sensor and the control logic are communicatively coupled,And the control logic is configured to：The altitude sensor data are received, analyze the altitude sensor dataTo determine whether the altitude sensor data indicate to fly and be at least partially in response to by air height above sea level described in (b)Flight determines by air for height sensor data instructions, and the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in and air travelIn associated pattern.

In some such embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, in the altitude sensorWhen data instruction is more than the height above sea level change rate of height above sea level change rate threshold value, the altitude sensor data may indicate thatIt flies by air.In some such embodiments, the height above sea level change rate threshold value can be higher than 500 feet per minute.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, in the height above sea levelSensing data indicates that the height above sea level in the wearable biometric tracks of device increases total height above sea level in the time cycleWhen degree increases, the altitude sensor data may indicate that flies and increases the time cycle in the height above sea level by airInterior total height above sea level, which increases above total height above sea level, increases threshold value.In some such embodiments, total height above sea levelIt can be at least 1500 feet of height above sea level highly to increase threshold value, and the height above sea level increase the time cycle can for 180 seconds or moreIt is small.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, there is following situationShi Suoshu altitude sensor data may indicate that flies by air：The altitude sensor data instruction is in entire height above sea levelMore than the height above sea level change rate of height above sea level change rate threshold value and the height above sea level change rate in the height change time cycleThreshold value is 500 feet at least per minute.In some such embodiments, the height above sea level transformation period period can be at leastThe time cycle of 60 seconds.In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring arrangement with altimeter can be configured to detect fingerShow the rate of one or more height above sea levels variation that aircraft rises or falls, and can be in automatic engagement or the monitoring of drop out of gear biometricThe wearer of device is alternatively promoted to confirm whether wearer rises or positive in engagement or drop out of gear before the airplane-mode of deviceIn the aircraft just to land before airplane-mode.If user confirms the behavior of aircraft, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be afterIt is continuous engage in due course or drop out of gear airplane-mode.

It is related to air travel in some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of deviceThe pattern of connection can be the pattern that the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in low power state.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biologyMetering tracks of device can further include radio communication circuit, and the telecommunication circuit is communicably coupled to the control and patrolsVolume, and it is configured to wirelessly communicate with associated device, wherein the pattern associated with air travel can be for by instituteIt states telecommunication circuit and is placed in for use or closed state pattern.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic canBe further configured with：Further analyze the altitude sensor data is with the determining altitude sensor dataThe landing of the no instruction aircraft and the landing for being at least partially in response to the altitude sensor data instruction aircraftDetermine, the wearable biometric tracks of device is caused to exit the pattern associated with air travel.At some thisIn class embodiment, when there is following situation, the altitude sensor data may indicate that the landing of the aircraft：The altitude sensor data instruction reduces the institute for reducing threshold value in the time cycle more than total height above sea level in height above sea levelStating total height above sea level of wearable biometric tracks of device reduces；And the altitude sensor data are in the height above sea levelSpending sensing data instruction reduces the wearable life for reducing threshold value in the time cycle more than total height above sea level in height above sea levelInstruction is less than 50 feet per minute of height above sea level within the period of 300 seconds after total height above sea level of object metering tracks of device reducesSpend change rate.In some other or Additional embodiments, the height above sea level reduction time cycle can be 180 seconds or smaller.In some other or Additional embodiments, the control logic can be further configured with：From one or more described biometersQuantity sensor receives biometric data；The biometric data is analyzed to determine whether the biometric data indicates instituteThe wearer for stating wearable biometric tracks of device has walked at least predetermined step number；And in the control logic in the height above sea levelIt is more than that total height above sea level reduces the described wearable of threshold value that the instruction of height sensor data, which is reduced in height above sea level in the time cycle,Total height above sea level of biometric tracks of device further detects the pendant of the wearable biometric tracks of device after reducingWearer determines that the altitude sensor data indicate the landing of the aircraft when having walked at least predetermined step number.OneIn a little other or Additional embodiments, the height above sea level that it can be at least 1500 feet that total height above sea level, which reduces threshold value, reduces.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic canIt is further configured to monitor the biometric data from one or more biometric sensors and analyzing the seaDegree of lifting sensing data determines the life later to determine whether the altitude sensor data indicate to fly by airWhen object continuous data indicates that the wearer of biometric monitoring arrangement not yet joins within period first time relative to aircraftExamine is to move out amount of threshold shift.In some such embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device can be into oneStep includes user interface.The control logic can be further configured to be at least partially in response to the biometric monitoring arrangementThe wearer not yet move out the threshold value relative to the aircraft referential within period first time and moveThe described of momentum determines that notice is caused to provide to the wearer via the user interface.In some such embodiments,The wearable biometric tracks of device further includes optical sensor, is configured to measure the biometric tracking dressPut the amount of the ambient light of surrounding and the light data of output detection.The control logic can be further configured with：Analyze the inspectionWhether the light data of survey indicates light level usually associated with the sleep environment in aircraft with the light data of the determining detection,And not yet fly within period first time relative to described in response to the wearer of the biometric monitoring arrangementRow device referential moves out the described of the amount of threshold shift and determines and do not indicated usually in response to the light data of the detectionThe light level associated with the sleep environment in aircraft determines, the notice is caused to be carried via the user interfaceIt is supplied to the wearer.In some other or Additional embodiments, the control logic can be further configured with：In response toThe wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in sleep tracking mould by the promoting factor selected from the group being made of the followingFormula：It (i) can as described in intentional request and (ii) instruction that the wearer of the wearable biometric tracks of device providesWear the analysis of the biometric data that the wearer of biometric tracks of device may fall asleep；And it wears describedWear biometric tracks of device be not at it is described sleep tracing mode when and in response to described in the biometric monitoring arrangementWearer not yet moves out the amount of threshold shift within period first time relative to the aircraft referentialIt is described to determine, the notice is caused to be provided via the user interface to the wearer.In some other or additional embodiment partyIn case, the user interface may include digital display, and the notice can be the message being shown on the digital display.In some other or Additional embodiments, the user interface may include audio devices, and the notice can be audible notification.In some other or Additional embodiments, the user interface may include haptic feedback mechanism, and the notice can be stereognosisNotice.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biologyMetering tracks of device can further include the audio sensor for being configured to output audio data, so that the control logic canBe further configured with：Receive the audio data；And whether the analysis audio data is indicated with the determining audio dataThe ambient noise consistent with the engine noise of aircraft, wherein the control logic is further configured at least partly to respondThe determining and described audio data instruction for indicating the aircraft flight in the altitude sensor data flies with describedThe described of ambient noise that the engine noise of row device is consistent determines, the wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is placed inIn the pattern associated with air travel.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biologyMetering tracks of device can further include the acceleration transducer for being configured to detection acceleration and exporting acceleration information.It is describedControl logic can be further configured with：Receive the acceleration information；And the acceleration information is analyzed to determine described addWhether speed data indicates the vibration consistent with the vibration from aircraft engine, wherein the control logic is through further matchingIt puts to be at least partially in response to the determining and described acceleration information instruction that altitude data indicates the aircraft flightThe described of the vibration consistent with the vibration of the aircraft engine determines, by the wearable biometric monitoring arrangementIt is placed in the pattern associated with air travel.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biologyMetering tracks of device can further comprise being configured to receiving the communication interface of communication data, wherein the control logic can through intoOne step configuration with：Receive the communication data；And whether the analysis communication data is indicated with the determining communication data with comingThe communication consistent from the communication of aircraft communication device, wherein the control logic can be further configured at least partly to respondIndicate that the described of the aircraft flight determines and be additionally in response to the communication data instruction in the altitude sensor dataThe described of the communication consistent with the communication from the aircraft communication device determines, the wearable biometric is supervisedView apparatus is placed in the pattern associated with air travel.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic canBe further configured with：Stair climbing pattern is provided, tracks what the wearer of the wearable biometric tracks of device was climbedSeveral sections of stair and turn off in response to the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in pattern associated with air travelThe stair climbing pattern.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biologyMetering tracks of device can further include wireless communication interface, wherein the control logic can be further configured with：Via instituteStating wireless communication interface and receiving the first input signal and the reception in response to first input signal causes described to wearIt wears biometric tracks of device and enters the pattern associated with air travel.It is described in some such embodimentsControl logic can be further configured just to cause the wearable life after the second input signal for receiving instruction activityObject metering tracks of device exits the pattern associated with air travel.Second input signal may be selected from by the followingThe group of composition：Associated external device (ED) is powered, touches by the wearable biometric tracks of device, via described wearableThe user interface selection menu option of biometric tracks of device and pressing for the pressing wearable biometric monitoring arrangementButton.

In some embodiments, it is possible to provide a kind of system.The system may include wearable biometric tracks of deviceAnd the mobile communications device separated with the wearable biometric tracks of device.The wearable biometric tracks of device canComprising one or more biometric sensors, biometric tracks of device communication interface and the control of biometric tracks of device are patrolledVolume, so that one or more described biometric sensors, the biometric tracks of device communication interface and the biometerAmount tracks of device control logic is communicatively coupled, and the biometric tracks of device control logic is configured to：It receivesSignal associated with airplane-mode；And it can wear by described in response to receiving the signal associated with the airplane-modeBiometric tracks of device is worn to be placed in pattern associated with air travel.The mobile communications device may include：It is mobile logicalT unit communication interface and mobile communications device control logic, so that the mobile communications device communication interface and the shiftingDynamic communication device control logic is communicatively coupled, and the mobile communications device control logic is configured to：Via describedMobile communications device communication interface emits the signal associated with the airplane-mode.

In some embodiments, it is possible to provide a kind of wearable biometric tracks of device.The wearable biometricTracks of device may include：One or more biometric sensors；Pressure sensor, the pressure sensor are configured to detection instituteThe data that ambient air air pressure and output around wearable biometric tracks of device represent height above sea level are stated, wherein representingThe data of height above sea level are at least partially based on the air pressure measured by the pressure sensor；Position determining means, through matchingPut with based on from far from the wearable biometric tracks of device one or more devices receive data come determine position andExport corresponding position data；And control logic.One or more described biometric sensors, the pressure sensor, institute's rhemePutting determining device and the control logic can connect by correspondence, and the control logic can be configured with：From the positionDetermining device receives the position data, analyzes the position data to determine the of the wearable biometric tracks of deviceOne position determines the first terrain elevation from history terrain data, wherein first terrain elevation is and described theThe relevant height above sea level in one position, the data for representing height above sea level are received from the pressure sensor, and analysis represents height above sea levelThe data of height are to determine whether to be based on first terrain elevation and (i) from the number for representing height above sea levelThe pressure sensing is recalibrated according to the first difference between calculating and (ii) height above sea level associated with the first positionDevice and when the control logic determines that the pressure sensor should be recalibrated, recalibrated based on the described first difference described inPressure sensor.

In some such embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the pressure sensor can be gasPress altimeter or atmospheric pressure sensor.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the location determination dressPutting may include one or more systems of group selected from being made of the following：Satellite-based global positioning system, based on Wi-The alignment system of Fi, the system based on cellular tower location, near field communication tag search system, RFID tag searches system,Lookup system based on camera image and be configured near location information inquiry, the system of external contrast means.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic canBe further configured in response to should recalibrate the pressure sensor determine and recalibrate the pressure sensor withJust the corrected data for representing height above sea level is generated based on the described first difference.In some such embodiments, the control is patrolledCollecting can be further configured at least to repeat following operation one or more times：The positional number is received from the position determining meansAccording to, analyze the position data with determine the wearable biometric tracks of device first position, from history terrain dataDetermine the first terrain elevation, wherein first terrain elevation be with the relevant height above sea level in the first position,It is received from the pressure sensor and represents that the data of height above sea level and analysis represent the data of height above sea level to determineFirst terrain elevation and (i) whether should be based on to calculate from the data for representing height above sea level and (ii) and described theThe first difference between the associated height above sea level in one position recalibrates the pressure sensor.In some such embodimentsIn, it repeats that setting time interval can be separated with immediately before execution each time.In some such embodiments, during the settingBetween interval can be between 1 second to 24 hours.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, history ground figurate numberAccording to can be stored in the wearable biometric tracks of device.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biologyMetering tracks of device can further include the radio communication circuit being communicatively coupled with the control logic.The historyGraphic data can be to be obtained from the auxiliary source far from the biometric tracks of device via the radio communication circuit.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the wearable biometric tracks of device, the control logic canBe further configured with：The first position is analyzed to determine period renewal time；And according to period renewal time at leastRepeat following operate：Receive the position data from the position determining means, analyze the position data with determine it is described canThe first position of biometric tracks of device is worn, the first terrain elevation is determined from history terrain data, wherein described theOne terrain elevation be with the relevant height above sea level in the first position, from the pressure sensor receive represent height above sea levelThe data and analysis represent height above sea level the data with determine whether should be based on first terrain elevation with(i) first between the data calculating from expression height above sea level and (ii) height above sea level associated with the first positionDifference recalibrates the pressure sensor.In some such embodiments, when analyzing the first position to determine updateBetween the period may include：It determines the second position of the history terrain data instruction with the second terrain elevation, determines describedFirst position and the second position separate the first distance, and it is the position closest to the first position to determine the second positionIt puts, wherein the absolute difference between first terrain elevation and second terrain elevation is more than the first terrain altitudeDifference in height threshold value and be at least partially based on it is described first distance determine period renewal time.In some other or additional realitiesIt applies in scheme, analyzes the first position to determine that period renewal time may include according to determining the history terrain dataFirst position is in the first threshold distance of the position of building.In some such embodiments, the control logic can be throughFurther configuration with the first position the position of the building the first threshold apart from it is interior when, stop weightNewly calibrate the pressure sensor.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the biometric tracks of device, the memory can be deposited furtherProgram instruction is stored up, described program instructs to control one or more described processors：Detect the wearable biometric trackingWhen device has traveled to the second position for being at least distally from first distance of first position；It is and super in response to the described first distanceIt crosses translation distance threshold value and at least repeats following operation：The position data is received from the position determining means, described in analysisPosition data determines the first landform to determine the first position of the wearable biometric tracks of device from history terrain dataHeight above sea level, wherein first terrain elevation be with the relevant height above sea level in the first position, from the pressure passSensor receives the data for representing height above sea level and analysis represents the data of height above sea level to determine whether that institute should be based onIt is associated with the first position from the data calculating and (ii) for representing height above sea level with (i) to state the first terrain elevationHeight above sea level between the first difference recalibrate the pressure sensor.In some such embodiments, the translationDistance threshold can be 50 feet and the distance between 200 feet.In some other or Additional embodiments, the translation distanceThreshold value can be 500 feet and the distance between 1000 feet.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the biometric tracks of device, the memory can be deposited furtherProgram instruction is stored up, described program instructs to control one or more described processors：Detect the wearable biometric trackingWhen device has advanced at least the first distance；And it is more than translation distance threshold value in response to the described first distance and at least repeats followingOperation：The position data is received from the position determining means, analyzes the position data to determine the wearable biologyThe first position of tracks of device is measured, the first terrain elevation is determined from history terrain data, wherein first landform is extra largeDegree of lifting be with the relevant height above sea level in the first position, from the pressure sensor receive represent height above sea level the numberAccording to and analysis represent the data of height above sea level to determine whether to be based on first terrain elevation and (i) from tableShow the first difference between the data calculating of height above sea level and (ii) height above sea level associated with the first position to weighNewly calibrate the pressure sensor.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the biometric tracks of device, the control logic can be through into oneStep configuration with：It is more than in described one section that the data of height above sea level are represented in analysis a period of time to determine when to existThe variation of the height above sea level of the first threshold height above sea level variable quantity of the interior wearable biometric tracks of device, and it is describedPosition data indicate the wearable biometric tracks of device be not traveling out the first threshold far from the first position away fromFrom and in response to indicating that the wearable biometric tracks of device is not traveling out first threshold distance in the position dataWhen the variation of height above sea level that determines to exist more than first threshold height above sea level variable quantity at least perform following operation：From institute's rhemeIt puts determining device and receives the position data, analyze the position data to determine the wearable biometric tracks of deviceFirst position determines the first terrain elevation from history terrain data, wherein first terrain elevation be with it is describedThe relevant height above sea level in first position, the data for representing height above sea level are received from the pressure sensor and analysis representsThe data of height above sea level are to determine whether to be based on first terrain elevation and (i) from the institute for representing height above sea levelThe first difference between data calculating and (ii) height above sea level associated with the first position is stated to recalibrate the pressureSensor.

In some other or Additional embodiments of the biometric tracks of device, the biometric tracks of deviceIt can further include image acquisition interface.The control logic can be further configured with：Obtain the institute with representing height above sea levelAssociated first image of data is stated, described first image is caused to determine the height above sea level based on the first image through analyzing, pointAnalysis represents the data of height above sea level so that determine whether should be based on the height above sea level based on the first image and (i) from representingThe second difference between the data calculating of height above sea level and (ii) described height above sea level associated with the first position is comeRecalibrate the pressure sensor and when the control logic in (i) determines that the pressure sensor should be recalibrated,The pressure sensor is recalibrated based on the described second difference.In some such embodiments, the control logic can be into oneStep is configured described first image to be caused to be analyzed by following operation：Cause described first image and multiple reference picture phasesCompare, each reference picture is associated with the height above sea level based on image and receives with the height above sea level based on the first imageFirst reference picture of height meets determining for one or more matching criterior about described first image.In some other or volumesIn outer embodiment, the control logic can be further configured described first image to be caused to be divided by following operationAnalysis：Optical character recognition OCR is performed to described first image, information based on the first text is extracted and from institute from described first imageThe information stated based on the first text determines the height above sea level based on the first image.It is described in some such embodimentsControl logic can be further configured with by from the sea based on the first image described in the information extraction based on the first textDegree of lifting determines the height above sea level based on the first image from the information based on the first text.It is other or additional at someIn embodiment, the control logic can be further configured with true from the information based on the first text by following operationThe fixed height above sea level based on the first image：Cause multiple texts note in the information and date library based on the first textPicture recording compares, and each text entry is associated with text based height above sea level, receives the first text entry and meets about describedBased on the information of the first text one or more matching criterior determine and using first text entry it is described based on textThis height above sea level is as the height above sea level based on the first image.

In some embodiments, a kind of wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biometric tracking dressPut including：One or more biometric sensors；Pressure sensor, the pressure sensor are configured to detect described wearableAmbient air air pressure and output around biometric tracks of device represent the data of height above sea level, wherein representing height above sea levelThe data be at least partially based on the air pressure measured by the pressure sensor；Position determining means are configured to be based onDetermine that position and output correspond to from the data of one or more devices reception far from the wearable biometric tracks of devicePosition data；And control logic, wherein one or more described biometric sensors, the pressure sensor, the position are trueDetermine device and the control logic connects by correspondence, and the control logic is configured to：A) it is filled from the location determinationPut and receive the position data, b) position data is analyzed to determine first of the wearable biometric tracks of devicePut, c) determine the first terrain elevation from history terrain data, wherein first terrain elevation is and described firstThe relevant height above sea level in position, d) data for representing height above sea level, e are received from the pressure sensor) analysis expression seaThe data for degree of lifting are to determine whether to be based on first terrain elevation and (i) from representing described in height above sea levelThe first difference between data calculating and (ii) height above sea level associated with the first position passes to recalibrate the pressureSensor and f) when the control logic in (e) determine should recalibrate the pressure sensor when, based on described first difference weightNewly calibrate the pressure sensor.

In some embodiments, the pressure sensor is barometertic altimeter or atmospheric pressure sensor.

In some embodiments, the position determining means are included selected from the one or more of the group being made of the followingA system：Satellite-based global positioning system, the alignment system based on Wi-Fi, the system based on cellular tower location, near field lead toLetter label lookup system, RFID tag are searched system, the lookup system based on camera image and are configured to for positionThe system of neighbouring, the external contrast means of information query.

In some embodiments, the control logic is further configured in response to that should recalibrate the pressure in e)Force snesor determine and recalibrate the pressure sensor so as to based on described first difference generate represent height above sea level warpCorrection data.

In some embodiments, the control logic is further configured at least to repeat (a) to (e) one or more times.

In some embodiments, the immediately before execution repeated each time with (a) to (e) of (a) to (e) is separately setTime interval.

In some embodiments, the setting time is spaced between 1 second to 24 hours.

In some embodiments, the history terrain data storage is in the wearable biometric tracks of device.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprise with the control logic withThe radio communication circuit of communication mode coupling, wherein the history terrain data is from far from the biometric tracks of deviceAuxiliary source is obtained via the radio communication circuit.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：G) first position is analyzed to determinePeriod renewal time；And (a) to (e) at least h) is repeated according to period renewal time.

In some embodiments, (g) is included：Determine that the history terrain data instruction has the second terrain elevationThe second position, determine that the first position and the second position separate the first distance, determine the second position be nearThe position of the first position is bordering on, wherein exhausted between first terrain elevation and second terrain elevationIt is more than the first terrain elevation difference threshold value to difference and is at least partially based on first distance and determines week renewal timePhase.

In some embodiments, (g) according to the history terrain data comprising determining the first position in buildingPosition first threshold distance in.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：In the first position in the buildingThe first threshold of the position of object apart from it is interior when, at least stop perform (f).

In some embodiments, the memory storage operates for controlling below one or more processors progressOther program instructions：It detects the wearable biometric tracks of device and when has traveled to and be at least distally from the first positionThe second position of first distance；And it is more than translation distance threshold value in response to the described first distance and at least repeats (a) to (e).

In some embodiments, the translation distance threshold value is 50 feet and the distance between 200 feet.

In some embodiments, the memory storage operates for controlling below one or more processors progressOther program instructions：The wearable biometric tracks of device is detected when to have advanced at least the first distance；And in response toFirst distance is more than translation distance threshold value and at least repeats (a) to (e).

In some embodiments, the translation distance threshold value is 500 feet and the distance between 1000 feet.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：I) height above sea level is represented in analysis a period of timeThe data of height are more than the wearable biometric tracks of device within described a period of time to determine when to existFirst threshold height above sea level variable quantity height above sea level variation, and the position data indicates the wearable biometricTracks of device is not traveling out the first threshold distance far from the first position and i) at least performs (a) in response to (i) and arrive(e)。

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises image acquisition interface,Described in control logic be further configured with：G) the first image associated with the data for representing height above sea level is obtained,H) described first image is caused to determine the height above sea level based on the first image, i through analyzing) analyze the described of expression height above sea levelData by determine whether should based on the height above sea level based on the first image and (i) from the data for representing height above sea level in terms ofCalculate and (ii) described height above sea level associated with the first position between the second difference recalibrate the pressure sensingDevice and j) when the control logic in (i) determine should recalibrate the pressure sensor when, based on described second difference againDescribed in calibration

In some embodiments, the control logic is further configured to perform (h) by following operation：CauseFor described first image compared with multiple reference pictures, each reference picture is associated with the height above sea level based on image and connectsFirst reference picture of the receipts with the height above sea level based on the first image meets one or more about described first imageMatching criterior determines.

In some embodiments, the control logic is further configured to perform (h) by following operation：To instituteIt states the first image and performs optical character recognition OCR, information based on the first text is extracted and from the base from described first imageThe height above sea level based on the first image is determined in the information of the first text.

In some embodiments, the control logic is further configured with by from the letter based on the first textIt is determined described in breath extraction based on the height above sea level of the first image from the information based on the first text described based on the first figureThe height above sea level of picture.

In some embodiments, the control logic is further configured to be based on first from described by following operationThe information of text determines the height above sea level based on the first image：Cause in the information and date library based on the first textMultiple text entries compare, each text entry is associated with text based height above sea level, receive the first text entryMeet one or more matching criterior about the information based on the first text determines and uses first text entryThe text based height above sea level as the height above sea level based on the first image.

In some embodiments, a kind of wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biometric tracking dressPut including：Pressure sensor is configured to detect the ambient air air pressure around the wearable biometric tracks of device,And output represents the data of height above sea level, wherein representing that the data of height above sea level are at least partially based on by expression height above sea levelPressure sensor data measure air pressure；Motion sensor, the motion sensor are configured to detect the wearable lifeThe movement of object metering tracks of device and the corresponding exercise data of output；And control logic, wherein the pressure sensor, the fortuneDynamic sensor and the control logic connect, and the control logic is configured to by correspondence：(a) it receives and represents height above sea levelThe data of degree, (b) receive the exercise data, and (c) determines to represent the data of height above sea level and the exercise dataWhen first arm movable pulley wide related and (d) in profile is moved to multiple arms in combination in response to described true in (c)Determine and storage and the wide associated data of the first arm movable pulley.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device is configured to be worn on selected from by followingIn the position of the group of person's composition：The arm of people, the forearm of people, the hand of people and the finger of people.

In some embodiments, the pressure sensor is barometertic altimeter.

In some embodiments, the motion sensor includes one or more selected from the group being made of the followingSensor：Accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, piezoelectric transducer, electromagnetic tracker and the imaging sensor based on camera.

In some embodiments, the multiple arm movement profile includes the arm for being similar to represent one or more activitiesOne or more arms movement profile of movement, each activity is selected from the group being made of the following：It runs, walk, oval forgingRefining, resistance exercise exercise, chin-up, push-up, sit-ups, rope skipping and AEROBIC DANCE.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：It determines and the first arm movable pulleyWide associated first arm motion outline and determine the first arm motion outline with the first arm movable pulley exterior featureAssociated first with reference to the degree of deviation between motion outline.

In some embodiments, the first arm movable pulley is wide and described first with reference to both motion outlines and same choosingOne or more associated postures of common action of the group of free the following composition are associated：Wave baseball bat；Wave baseBat；Wave tennis racket；Wave racket；Wave English wall ball racket；Wave American wall ball racket；Wave Golf club；Wave golf iron；Wave golf wedge；Wave golf；It waves golf and cuts push rod；It wavesGolf mixed pole；Resistance exercise is performed to take exercise；Perform Wushu；Perform gymnastic；Perform yoga exercise；For exampleIt bats in the billiard movements such as billiards；It bats in the billiard movements such as such as Snooker；In for example American grade billiard movements that pocketBatting；Take stroke；It plays bowling；Use riflery；It shoots with a pistol；Use lancination；Wave knife；And it is kept off with knife lattice.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprise by correspondence with it is describedControl logic connection interface arrangement, wherein the control logic be further configured with：H) determine when the degree of deviation surpassesIt crosses the first threshold amount of deviation and i) is more than determining for the first threshold amount in response to the degree of deviation described in (h) and causes instituteIt states interface arrangement and the instruction that the degree of deviation is more than the first threshold amount is provided, wherein：A) interface arrangement is included and is selected fromOne or more for the group being made of the following：Display, one or more lamps, vibrating motor and audio devices；And B) instituteIt states instruction and includes one or more selected from the group being made of the following：Numerical value score, vibration, sound, figure, icon,The message that the message and the warning wearer that animation, the message of instruction fatigue, caution wear person are slowed down are had a rest.

In some embodiments, the type activity of crooking one's arm of the first arm movable pulley exterior feature and resistance exercise is associated, andThe data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level include an example or two or more substantial continuous examplesThe data of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, the exercise data and expression height above sea level are wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：It is describedExercise data instruction wears the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device during period first time from tilting downOrientation is converted to upward inclined orientation, the exercise data instruction wear the wearable biometric tracks of device it is described beforeIt is converted to tilt down from the upward inclined orientation during second time period of the arm after period first time and determineTo and represent that the data of height above sea level indicate the wearable biometric tracks of device in period first timeThe increase of height above sea level of the period experience between 1ft and 2ft.

In some embodiments, for an example, the exercise data and represent the data of height above sea level withThe first arm movable pulley is wide related.

In some embodiments, the number of example is selected from the group being made of the following：I) 1 to 5 examples, ii) 5To 8 examples, iii) 8 to 10 examples, iv) 10 to 12 examples, v) 12 to 15 examples and vi) 15 to 20 examples.

In some embodiments, the range of the number (i) to (vi) of example are based on the instruction wearable lifeWhether the wearer of object metering tracks of device for the purpose selected from the group being made of respectively the following just carries out resistance instructionExperienced data selection：I) gain in strength, II) it substantially equally gains in strength and muscle mass, III) enhancing muscle mass, emphaticallyPoint is strength, IV) enhancing muscle mass, emphasis point is endurance, V) enhancing endurance, and emphasis point is muscle and VI) mainly enhance endurance.

In some embodiments, the first arm movable pulley exterior feature is associated with resistance exercise act type activity firmly, andThe data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level include an example or two or more substantial continuous examplesThe data of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, the exercise data and expression height above sea level are wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：It representsThe data of height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during period first time in 1.5ftThe increase of height above sea level between 2ft represents the data instruction wearable biometric tracking dress of height above sea levelPut the reduction of height above sea level of the experience between 1.5ft and 2ft and exercise data instruction during second time periodWear the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device substantially all period first time and it is described second whenBetween remain substantially perpendicular during the period and be downwardly oriented.

In some embodiments, the first arm movable pulley exterior feature is related to resistance exercise deep-knee-bend or sleeping push type activityConnection, and the exercise data and represent height above sea level the data include an example or two or more substantiallyDuring continuous example, the data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level are wide related to the first arm movable pulley,In：Represent that the data of height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during period first timeThe increase of height above sea level between 0.5ft and 2ft represents that the data of height above sea level indicate the wearable biometricTracks of device undergoes the reduction of the height above sea level between 0.5ft and 2ft and the movement number during second time periodThe forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device substantially whole period first time and described is worn according to instructionRemain substantially perpendicular and upwardly-directed during second time period.

In some embodiments, the first arm movable pulley exterior feature and resistance exercise front raise or side raise type activity phaseAssociation, and in the exercise data and represent that the data of height above sea level include an example or two or more essenceDuring upper continuous example, the data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level are wide related to the first arm movable pulley,Wherein：Represent that the data of height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device passes through during period first timeThe increase of the height above sea level between 1ft and 2ft is gone through, represents that the data of height above sea level indicate the wearable biometricTracks of device undergoes the reduction of the height above sea level between 1ft and 2ft, the exercise data instruction during second time periodWear the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device from the substantially perpendicular of the beginning in period first time andIt is downwardly oriented the substantial horizontal orientation being converted at the end in period first time and exercise data instruction is wornThe substantial level at the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device from the beginning of the second time period is fixedTo being converted to substantially perpendicular at the end of the second time period and be downwardly oriented.

In some embodiments, the first arm movable pulley exterior feature is associated with resistance exercise good morning type activity, andThe data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level include an example or two or more substantial continuous examplesThe data of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, the exercise data and expression height above sea level are wide related to the first arm movable pulley, wherein：It representsThe data of height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during period first time in 1.5ftThe increase of height above sea level between 2ft represents the data instruction wearable biometric tracking dress of height above sea levelThe reduction of height above sea level of the experience between 1.5ft and 2ft during second time period is put, the exercise data instruction is wornThe forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device turns from the substantial horizontal orientation at the beginning in period first timeDescribed in the substantially perpendicular and upwardly-directed and described exercise data instruction changed at the end in period first time is wornThe forearm of wearable biometric tracks of device is from the substantially perpendicular and upward of the beginning of the second time periodOrientation is converted to the substantial horizontal orientation at the end of the second time period.

In some embodiments, the first arm movable pulley exterior feature is associated with elliptical machine activity, and as follows in appearanceThe data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level are wide related to the first arm movable pulley during situation：Represent height above sea levelThe data of height show cycle behavior during period first time, wherein the small height above sea level during each cycle becomesChange with being matched during normal use by the height above sea level variation of the handle of elliptical machine experience, the exercise data shows cycleBehavior substantially has the cycle behavior with representing the data of height above sea level during period first timeIdentical frequency and the exercise data include acceleration information, and acceleration information instruction is less than in other casesBy the acceleration magnitude during period first time for the acceleration magnitude that the control logic uses, to determine whetherThe foot that people's participation people that the wearable biometric tracks of device is worn in instruction should be attributed to leaves the normal row on groundIt walks or the acceleration information of running activity and incremental pedometer.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprise with the control logic withThe display of communication mode connection, wherein：I) the first arm movable pulley exterior feature is associated with seeing wrist-watch activity；II) the fortuneThe data of dynamic data and expression height above sea level are wide related to the first arm movable pulley when there is following situation：It representsThe data of height above sea level indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during period first timeThe forearm that the wearable biometric tracks of device is worn in the increase of the height above sea level of 1ft and exercise data instruction existsFrom substantially perpendicular and be downwardly oriented and be converted to substantial horizontal orientation during period first time；And III) controlLogic is further configured in response to exercise data described in (c) and to represent that the data of height above sea level see wrist-watch with describedActivity first movement profile is relevant determining and causes the display that clock related data is presented.

In some embodiments, the data of the exercise data and expression height above sea level are another in the exercise dataOuter instruction wears the forearm of the wearable biometric tracks of device the second of followed by described period first timeIt is wide related to the first arm movable pulley when being maintained at the substantial horizontal orientation in the time cycle, wherein when described secondBetween the period have the non-zero duration.

In some embodiments, the multiple arm movement profile includes the arm movable pulley for being similar to user's restExterior feature, and the control logic be further configured with：P) it tracks the first arm movable pulley exterior feature and is substantially similar to the useThe duration of family rest arm movement profile；And q) determine that the first arm movable pulley exterior feature is substantially similar to the userThe duration of rest arm movement profile is more than rest duration threshold.

In some embodiments, wearable biometric tracks of device includes：Pressure sensor is configured to detectThe height above sea level of the wearable biometric tracks of device and output represent the corresponding data of height above sea level；And motion-sensingDevice, the motion sensor are configured to detect the movement of the wearable biometric tracks of device and the corresponding movement of outputData；And control logic, wherein biometric monitoring arrangement, the pressure sensor and the control logic connect by correspondenceIt connects, and the control logic is configured to：A) determine when the data for representing height above sea level indicate the wearable biologyMeasuring tracks of device, not yet experience becomes more than the height above sea level of the first height above sea level change rate threshold value during period first timeRate and b) at least responsive to the data for determining to represent height above sea level in (a) indicate the wearable biometric withNot yet experience is more than the height above sea level of the first height above sea level change rate threshold value to track device during period first timeChange rate is put the wearable biometric tracks of device during the second time period after period first timeIn lower power consumption state.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：C) determine when the exercise data refers toShow that the wearable biometric tracks of device undergoes crash and d) by removing before being close in period first timeIndicate the wearable biometric tracks of device described in response to the data for determining to represent height above sea level in (a)Not yet experience is more than except the height above sea level change rate of the first height above sea level change rate threshold value, also during period first timeIn response to determining that the exercise data indicates that the wearable biometric tracks of device is close in the first time in (c)Crash is undergone before period and the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in the lower power consumption stateIt performs b).

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：C) it determines to represent the described of height above sea levelWhen data indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during the second time period more than the second height above sea levelThe height above sea level change rate of altitude rate threshold value and d) in response in (c) determine represent height above sea level the data refer toShow that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during the second time period more than second height above sea level to becomeThe height above sea level change rate of rate threshold value causes the wearable biometric tracks of device to exit the lower power consumption shapeState.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：E) in response to determining to represent sea in (c)The data for degree of lifting indicate that the wearable biometric tracks of device is undergone during the second time periodThe height above sea level change rate of the second height above sea level change rate threshold value causes the aobvious of the wearable biometric tracks of deviceShow that device is converted to on-state and display message from closing or dormant state.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device includes：One or more biometrics senseDevice；Altitude sensor, the altitude sensor are configured to detect the wearable biometric tracks of deviceHeight above sea level and output altitude sensor data；And control logic, wherein one or more described biometric sensors,The altitude sensor and the control logic are communicatively coupled, and the control logic is configured to：A) it receivesThe altitude sensor data, b) the altitude sensor data are analyzed to determine the altitude sensor numberAccording to whether indicate to fly by air and c) be at least partially in response to altitude sensor data described in (b) instruction go by airDetermining for flight, the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in pattern associated with air travel.

In some embodiments, in altitude sensor data instruction more than height above sea level change rate threshold valueDuring height above sea level change rate, the altitude sensor data instruction is flown by air.

In some embodiments, the height above sea level change rate threshold value is higher than 500 feet per minute.

In some embodiments, it indicates to track in the wearable biometric in the altitude sensor dataWhen the height above sea level of device increases total height above sea level increase in the time cycle, the altitude sensor data instruction, which is sat, to flyMachine, which flies and increases above total height above sea level in total height above sea level that the height above sea level increased in the time cycle, increases thresholdValue.

In some embodiments, it is at least 1500 feet of height above sea level, and described that total height above sea level, which increases threshold value,Height above sea level increases the time cycle as 180 seconds or smaller.

In some embodiments, when there is following situation, the altitude sensor data instruction flies by airRow：The altitude sensor data instruction is more than height above sea level change rate threshold within the entire height above sea level transformation period periodThe height above sea level change rate of value and the height above sea level change rate threshold value are 500 feet at least per minute.

In some embodiments, the time cycle that the height above sea level transformation period period is at least 60 seconds.

In some embodiments, the pattern associated with air travel is to track the wearable biometricDevice is placed in the pattern of low power state.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises radio communication circuit, instituteIt states telecommunication circuit and is communicably coupled to the control logic, and be configured to wirelessly communicate with associated device,In the pattern associated with air travel be that the telecommunication circuit is placed in for use or closed state pattern.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：D) height above sea level is further analyzedWhether sensing data indicates the landing and e) at least partly response of the aircraft with the determining altitude sensor dataThe altitude sensor data described in (d) indicate determining for the landing of the aircraft, cause the wearable biometricTracks of device exits the pattern associated with air travel.

In some embodiments, when there is following situation, the altitude sensor data indicate the aircraftThe landing：F) it is more than that total height above sea level drops that the altitude sensor data instruction, which is reduced in height above sea level in the time cycle,Total height above sea level of the wearable biometric tracks of device of Low threshold reduces；And g) altitude sensor dataThe height above sea level change rate within the period of 300 seconds less than 50 feet per minute is indicated after (f).

In some embodiments, the height above sea level reduces the time cycle as 180 seconds or smaller.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：H) from one or more described biometricsSensor receives biometric data；I) biometric data is analyzed to determine whether the biometric data indicates instituteThe wearer for stating wearable biometric tracks of device has walked at least predetermined step number；And j) the control logic (f) itDetermine that the altitude sensor data indicate the landing of the aircraft when further detecting (i) afterwards.

In some embodiments, total height above sea level reduces the height above sea level that threshold value is at least 1500 feet and reduces.

In some embodiments, the control logic is further configured to monitor from one or more described biometersThe biometric data of quantity sensor and determine when the biometric data indicates biometric monitoring dress after (b)The wearer put not yet moves out amount of threshold shift within period first time relative to aircraft referential.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises user interface, wherein instituteIt states control logic and is further configured the wearer to be at least partially in response to the biometric monitoring arrangement describedNot yet the described of the amount of threshold shift is moved out in period first time relative to the aircraft referential to determine to causeNotice is provided via the user interface to the wearer.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises optical sensor, through matchingThe amount to measure the ambient light around the biometric tracks of device and the light data of output detection are put, wherein the control is patrolledVolume be further configured with：The light data of the detection is analyzed to determine whether the light data of the detection indicates usually and aircraftIn the associated light level of sleep environment and in response to the biometric monitoring arrangement the wearer described firstIn time cycle not yet relative to the aircraft referential move out the amount of threshold shift it is described determine and in response toThe light data of the detection does not indicate determining for the light level usually associated with the sleep environment in aircraft, causesThe notice is provided via the user interface to the wearer.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：It is made of in response to being selected from the followingThe promoting factor of group the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in sleep tracing mode：(i) by described wearableIntentional request and (ii) instruction wearable biometric tracking dress that the wearer of biometric tracks of device providesThe analysis of the biometric data that the wearer put may fall asleep；In the wearable biometric tracks of device notIn it is described sleep tracing mode when and in response to the biometric monitoring arrangement the wearer in the first timeNot yet the described of the amount of threshold shift is moved out relative to the aircraft referential to determine, cause the notice in periodIt is provided via the user interface to the wearer.

In some embodiments, the user interface includes digital display, and the notice is is shown in the numberMessage on word display.

In some embodiments, the user interface includes audio devices, and the notice is audible notification.

In some embodiments, the user interface includes haptic feedback mechanism, and the notice is notified for stereognosis.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises being configured to output audioThe audio sensor of data, wherein the control logic be further configured with：Receive the audio data；And the analysis soundFrequency determines whether the audio data indicates the ambient noise consistent with the engine noise of aircraft according to this, wherein the controlLogic processed is further configured indicates the aircraft flight to be at least partially in response to altitude sensor data described in (b)Described determine and the audio data indicates the described of the ambient noise consistent with the engine noise of the aircraftIt determines, the wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is placed in the pattern associated with air travel.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises that being configured to detection acceleratesDegree and output acceleration information acceleration transducer, wherein the control logic be further configured with：Receive the accelerationDegrees of data；And whether the analysis acceleration information is indicated and the vibration from aircraft engine with the determining acceleration informationConsistent vibration is referred to wherein the control logic is further configured with being at least partially in response to (b) intermediate altitude altitude informationShow that the determining and described acceleration information instruction of the aircraft flight is consistent with the vibration of the aircraft engineVibration it is described determine, the wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is placed in the pattern associated with air travelIn.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises being configured to receive communicationThe communication interface of data, wherein the control logic be further configured with：Receive the communication data；And the analysis communicationData are to determine whether the communication data indicates the communication consistent with the communication from aircraft communication device, wherein the controlLogic processed is further configured indicates the aircraft flight to be at least partially in response to altitude sensor data described in (b)Described to determine and be additionally in response to communication data instruction consistent with the communication from the aircraft communication deviceThe described of communication determines, the wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is placed in the pattern associated with air travel.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with：There is provided stair climbing pattern, tracking described inThe several sections of stair and turn off the stair climbing pattern in response to (c) that the wearer of wearable biometric tracks of device is climbed.

In some embodiments, the wearable biometric tracks of device further comprises wireless communication interface,Described in control logic be further configured with：The first input signal is received via the wireless communication interface and in response to instituteState the reception of the first input signal and that the wearable biometric tracks of device is caused to enter is related to air travelThe pattern of connection.

In some embodiments, the control logic be further configured with after the second input signal is received justThe wearable biometric tracks of device is caused to leave the pattern associated with air travel, wherein second inputSignal designation is selected from the activity of group being made of the following：Associated external device (ED) is powered, touches by the wearable lifeObject metering tracks of device selects menu option and pressing institute via the user interface of the wearable biometric tracks of deviceState the button of wearable biometric monitoring arrangement.

In some embodiments, a kind of system includes：Wearable biometric tracks of device, including：One or moreBiometric sensors, biometric tracks of device communication interface and biometric tracks of device control logic, wherein described oneOr multiple biometric sensors, the biometric tracks of device communication interface and biometric tracks of device control are patrolledIt collects and is communicatively coupled, and the biometric tracks of device control logic is configured to：A) it receives related to airplane-modeThe signal of connection；B) the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in pattern associated with air travel in response to (a)；And the mobile communications device separated with the wearable biometric tracks of device, the mobile communications device include：It is mobile logicalT unit communication interface and mobile communications device control logic, wherein the mobile communications device communication interface and the movementCommunication device control logic is communicatively coupled, and the mobile communications device control logic is configured to：Via the shiftingThe dynamic communication interface Transmission signal associated with the airplane-mode.

Description of the drawings

Various embodiments disclosed herein are unrestricted as example in the figure of attached drawing to be illustrated, in attached drawingIn, identical reference numbers can be referred to similar component.

Fig. 1 illustrates to realize the example portable monitoring device of user's interaction via user interface.

Fig. 2A illustrates that the example portable monitoring device of user can be fastened to via belt is used.

Fig. 2 B provide the view of the example portable monitoring device of Fig. 2A, show the portion towards skin of described devicePoint.

Fig. 2 C provide the cross-sectional view of the portable monitoring device of Fig. 2A.

Fig. 3 A provide the cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device.

Fig. 3 B describe the cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device；This protrusion is similar to institute in Fig. 3 AThe protrusion of presentation, only light source and photoelectric detector are placed on flat and/or hard PCB.

Fig. 3 C provide another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementations.

Fig. 4 A illustrate a potential PPG light source and the example of photoelectric detector geometry.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensors of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.

Fig. 5 illustrates the example of the optimized PPG detectors with protrusion, and the protrusion has curved side in order to avoid making userIt does not feel well.

Fig. 6 A illustrate the example of the portable monitoring device with belt；Optical sensor and optical transmitting set can be placed in instituteIt states on belt.

Fig. 6 B illustrate the example with the portable biometric of display and wrist strap metering monitoring arrangement.In addition, optics PPG(for example, heart rate) detection sensor and/or transmitter can be located on the side of biometric monitoring arrangement.In one embodimentIn, these each can be located in Ce Mian An Installed formula buttons.

Fig. 7 describes user and presses the side of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement with from Ce Mian An Installed formula optics heart rate detectionsSensor carries out heart rate measurement.The display of biometric monitoring arrangement can show whether have detected that heart rate and/or display are usedThe heart rate at family.

The functionality of Fig. 8 illustrated example biometric monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm features.

Fig. 9 illustrates to be changed it based on the mobile degree that biometric monitoring arrangement is undergone and detected the mode of user's heart ratePortable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarilyVehicle application program can show the step of bicycle speed and/or pedal and other measurements.

Figure 11 A illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and the PPG sensors have light source, photodetector, ADC, processingDevice, DAC/GPIO and the intensity of light source and ON/OFF control.

Figure 11 B illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors of the PPG sensors similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensors volumeIt is outer to be adjusted using sampling and holding circuit and analog signal.

Figure 11 C illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors of the PPG sensors similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensors volumeIt is outer to use sampling and holding circuit.

Figure 11 D explanations are with multiple switchable light sources and detector, the intensity of light source/switch control and circuit for signal conditioningPPG sensors example block diagram.

Figure 11 E illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors using synchronous detection.To perform the PPG detections of this type, toolThere is demodulator.

Figure 11 F illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and the PPG sensors remove the feature of sensor illustrated in Figure 11 AExcept also have difference amplifier.

Figure 11 G illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and there is the PPG sensors PPG shown in Figure 11 A to KKF to passThe feature of sensor.

Figure 12 A explanations are with heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor and are connected to processorTelecommunication circuit portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 12 B explanations have heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor, position sensor, seaPull out height sensor, skin electric conductivity/humidity sensor and be connected to processor telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering prisonThe example of view apparatus.

Figure 12 C illustrate the portable of the position sensor for having biosensor, environmental sensor and being connected to processorThe example of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Figure 13 A illustrate to measure the example of heart rate using motor message and optics PPG signals.

Figure 13 B illustrate to measure another example of heart rate using motor message and optics PPG signals.

Figure 14 A illustrate the example of the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor.

Figure 14 B illustrate the example of the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor, the sensor processorThere is the number connection to application processor again.

Figure 14 C illustrate the reality of the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to application processorExample.

Figure 14 D illustrate the example of the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to sensor processor,The sensor processor is connected to application processor.

Figure 15 A illustrate the example of the swimming detection algorithm using sequential algorithm flow.

Figure 15 B illustrate the example of the swimming detection algorithm using parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 15 C illustrate the example using sequence and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 15 D illustrate the example using sequence and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 16 A illustrate the sampling that can be used for PPG sensings and the signal of the example of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifierFigure.

Figure 16 B illustrate for PPG sensors using controlled current source come in the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing "The example schematic of the circuit of electric current.

Figure 16 C illustrate to be used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance for the use sampling of PPG sensors and holding circuitBefore anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 D illustrate the electricity that there is the use for PPG sensors ambient light to eliminate functional difference/instrument amplifierThe example schematic on road.

Figure 16 E illustrate the circuit using photodiode compensation by the DAC electric currents dynamically generated for PPG sensorsExample schematic.

Figure 16 F illustrate the electricity dynamically generated by controlled voltage source using photodiode compensation for PPG sensorsThe example schematic of the circuit of stream.

It is functional that Figure 16 G illustrate that the ambient light comprising " switched capacitor " method of use for PPG sensors removesThe example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 H illustrate the electric current generated for PPG sensors using photodiode compensation by constant current source (this and alsoConstant voltage source and resistor can be used to complete) circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 I illustrate the differencing removed comprising ambient light between functional and continuous sample for PPG sensorsThe example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 J illustrate the example schematic of the circuit for the differencing between ambient light removal and continuous sample.

Figure 17 describes the simplified block diagram of the biometric monitoring arrangement with altimeter and position determination system.

Figure 18 describes for the flow chart of the technology based on terrain data recalibration pressure sensor.

Figure 19 describes for based on the stream of the technology of terrain data recalibration pressure sensor obtained from remote-control deviceCheng Tu.

Figure 20 shows the figure of imaginary pressure or height above sea level to the time.

Figure 21 A show for determined from history terrain data terrain elevation a technology in terms of.

Figure 21 B show for determined from history terrain data terrain elevation another technology in terms of.

Figure 21 C show for determined from history terrain data terrain elevation another technology in terms of.

Figure 22 describes for the flow chart of the technology based on the change recalibration pressure sensor in XY positions.

Figure 23 describe be used for the proximity depending on pressure sensor and building for recalibrating pressure sensorTechnology flow chart.

Figure 24 describes for the flow chart of another technology based on the change recalibration pressure sensor in XY positions.

Figure 25 describes for the flow chart of the technology based on slope recalibration pressure sensor.

Figure 26 describes the photo of shooting altitude information mark and keyword from the mark and altitude dataCorresponding identification.

Figure 27 describes the simplified block diagram of the biometric monitoring arrangement with altimeter and one or more motion sensors.

Figure 28, which describes, to be used to wear to identify using the altitude data from biometric monitoring arrangement and exercise dataThe flow chart of the technology for the posture that the people for wearing biometric monitoring arrangement is made.

Figure 29 descriptions are worn on biometric monitoring arrangement on people's forearm and for biometric monitoring arrangement accelerationThe coordinate system of sensor；This coordinate system is referred to about Figure 30 to ZU.

Figure 30 describes the push type resistance exercise associated posture of exercise and can be used to identify the imagination of the posture with crouchingMovement and the example of altitude data.

Figure 31 describes and the side cope raise resistance exercise associated posture of exercise and the imagination that can be used to identify the postureMovement and the example of altitude data.

Figure 32 describes and the hard imagination lifted the form-drag training associated posture of exercise and can be used to identify the postureMovement and the example of altitude data.

Figure 33, which describes, to be trained the associated posture of exercise with form-drag of crooking one's arm and can be used to identify the imagination of the postureMovement and the example of altitude data.

Figure 34, which describes, to be trained the associated posture of exercise with good morning form-drag and can be used to identify the imagination of the postureMovement and the example of altitude data.

Figure 35 descriptions can be used between the associated posture of walking posture associated with elliptical exercise machine is usedThe imagination movement of differentiation and the example of altitude data.

Figure 36 displayings be described in detail used by biometric tracks of device to determine whether biometric tracks of device being placed in andThe flow chart of the example algorithm of the associated pattern of airline traveling.

Figure 37 displayings are described in detail by biometric tracks of device using to determine whether to exit mould associated with airline travelingThe flow chart of the example algorithm of formula.

Figure 38 displayings are described in detail by biometric tracks of device using to determine whether first to put biometric tracks of deviceThe example algorithm of pattern associated with airline traveling is exited in pattern associated with airline traveling and next determining whetherFlow chart.

Figure 39 A are to show compared with the air pressure that is not pressurized at identical height above sea level, the compression of example aircraft taken offThe example curve figure of equivalent air pressure inside cabin.

Figure 39 B are the example curve figure for illustrating the altitude sensor data from various example scenarios.

Figure 40 displaying detailed descriptions are used inactive up to big to determine whether to inform the user user by biometric tracks of deviceIn the flow chart of the example algorithm in the period of time period of inactivity.

Specific embodiment

The present invention be directed to biometric monitoring arrangement, (it is in this paper and is herein incorporated by reference any with reference to caseIn be also referred to as " biometric tracks of device ", " personal health monitoring arrangement ", " portable monitoring device ", " portable biometricMetering monitoring arrangement ", " biometric monitoring arrangement ", etc.), wearable device is may be generally described as, usually with smallSize is designed to relatively continuously be worn by people.When wearing, these biometric monitoring arrangements are collected about wearerPerformed activity or the data of the physiological status of wearer.This data may include representing the ambient enviroment or pendant around wearerThe data of the interaction of wearer and environment, for example, the exercise data of movement about wearer, ambient light, ambient noise, air matterAmount, etc. and the physiological data that is obtained by measuring the various physiological properties of wearer, such as heart rate, level of perspiration, etc..

As mentioned above, biometric monitoring arrangement is usually small so that wearer is inconspicuous in size.Fitbit provides all very small and very light several biometric monitoring arrangement, for example, Fitbit Flex are one kindWrist strap, with insertable biometric monitoring arrangement, it is about 0.5 inch wide multiply 1.3 inches long multiply 0.25 inch.BiologyMetering monitoring arrangement is usually designed to that long time period can be worn in the case of no sense of discomfort, and does not interfere normalDaily routines.

In some cases, the available other devices outside biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement,For example, it can be used to obtain in heart rate data or smart phone in the external heart rate monitor of the EKG forms of sensor on chest strapGPS receiver can be used to obtain position data.In some cases, wired or wireless communication can be used in biometric monitoring arrangementConnection and these communication with external apparatus.It is disclosed herein and discuss concept can be applied to independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement withAnd using the sensor or functionality being provided in external device (ED) (for example, external sensor, the sensor provided by smart phoneOr it is functional, etc.) both biometric monitoring arrangements.

In general, concept discussed herein may be implemented in independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement and (in due course) profitWith in the biometric monitoring arrangement of external device (ED).

It should be understood that although concept and discussion contained herein is to be in the context of biometric monitoring arrangementIt is existing, but if appropriate hardware can be used, then these concepts are also equally applicable in other contexts.For example, it is many existingThe motion sensor such as accelerometer being generally contained in biometric monitoring arrangement is included for smart phone, and if suitableWhen hardware can be used in device, then concept discussed herein may be implemented in the device.In effect, this can regard as intelligenceCan phone be changed into the biometric monitoring arrangement of a certain form (but to measure monitoring arrangement more than canonical biometric and may not be withThe biometric monitoring arrangement that same way is worn).These embodiments are it will be also be appreciated that be within the scope of the invention.

Several distinct methods can be used to provide for functionality discussed herein.For example, in some embodiments,Processor can be controlled by computer executable instructions stored in memory in order to provide functionality as described herein.At itIn its embodiment, this functionality can be provided in the form of circuit.In other embodiments again, this functionality can be by being depositedAt one or more for storing up the computer executable instructions control in the memory coupled with the circuit that one or more are specially designedDevice is managed to provide.It can be used to implement the various examples of the hardware of concept outlined herein including but not limited to application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) and with store for control general purpose microprocessor executable instruction storageThe general purpose microprocessor of device coupling.

Independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement can be provided, and can in many ways wear through design with several form factorsIt wears.In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed to can be plugged into a wearable housing or can be inserted intoInto multiple and different wearable housings, for example, wrist strap housing, band clip shell body (belt-clip case), pendant housing, through matchingThe housing to be attached to an exercise device such as bicycle is put, etc..These embodiments are described in greater detail in for exampleIn 14/029th, No. 764 U.S. patent application case filed in September in 2013 17 days, the U.S. patent application case is for this purposeIt is herein incorporated by reference hereby.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed only in one wayIt wears, for example, the biometric monitoring arrangement being integrated into a manner of non-removable in wrist strap can the set wrist for being only worn on peopleOn (or possible ankle).

Measuring monitoring arrangement according to the portable biometric of embodiment as described herein and embodiment can have suitable for couplingTo (for example, be fastened to, wear, supported, etc.) body of user or the form and dimension of clothes.Portable biometric metering monitoringThe example of device is showed in Fig. 1；The example portable monitoring device can have user interface, processor, biometric to passSensor, memory, environmental sensor and/or can be with client and/or the wireless transceiver of server communication.Weared on wrist type is justThe example for taking formula biometric monitoring arrangement is showed in Fig. 2A to 2C.This device can have display, button, electronic device envelopeDress and/or attachment strip.Attachment strip can via use shackle (for example, Velcro), buckle and/or with for its shape storageThe belt (for example, via spring metal band is used) of device and be fastened to user.In fig. 2b, it can be seen that for coordinating chargerAnd/or the sensor protrusion and recess portion of data transmitting cable.In fig. 2 c, the cross section across electron device package is shown.ValueIt obtains it is to be noted that sensor protrusion, main PCB plate and display.

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can collect one or more types from embedded type sensor and/or external device (ED)Physiology and/or environmental data, and other devices are conveyed or be relayed to this information (comprising the number for potentially acting as accessible internetAccording to the device in source), thus permit for example inspecting collected data using web browser or network-based application program.For example, when user adorns oneself with biometric monitoring arrangement, one or more biometers can be used in biometric monitoring arrangementQuantity sensor calculates and stores the step number of user.Biometric monitoring arrangement will can then represent the data transmitting of the step number of userAccount, computer, mobile phone on to network service (for example, www.fitbit.com) or can wherein store, handle and byUser observes the health station of data.In fact, step number of the biometric monitoring arrangement in addition to the step number of user or instead of userIt also can measure or calculate a number of other physiological measurements.These physiological measurements are including but not limited to energy expenditure, for example, calorie firesBurning value, the number of floor levels climbed up and/or climbed down, heart rate, changes in heart rate, heart rate restore, position and/or trend (such as via GPS,GLONASS or similar system), rise, speed of walking about and/or travel distance, swimming one way count, stroke type and detectsCount, bicycle distance and/or speed, blood pressure, blood glucose, skin conductance, skin and/or body temp, via electromyographyThe muscular states of measurement, the brain activity measured by electroencephalography, weight, body fat, calorie are taken in, from foodNutrition intake, drug intake, sleep cycle, such as clock time, sleep stage, sleep quality and/or duration, pH valueLevel, hydration level, respiratory rate and other physiological measurements.Biometric monitoring arrangement can also measure or calculate withThe related measurement of environment around user, such as atmospheric pressure, weather condition are (for example, temperature, humidity, pollen count, air matterAmount, rain/ice-lolly part, wind speed), light exposure (for example, ambient light, UV light are exposed, time for spending in the dark and/or it is lasting whenBetween), post noise exposure, radioactive exposure and magnetic field.In addition, the biometric monitoring of data flow is collected from biometric monitoring arrangementDevice or system can be calculated measures derived from this data.For example, device or system can be passed via changes in heart rate, skinIt leads, the combination of noise pollution and sleep quality calculates the anxiety and/or relaxation level of user.In another example, device orSystem can be taken in via drug, the combination of dormant data and/or activity data is come the effect of determining medical intervention (such as drug).In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement or system can be via pollen data, drug intake, sleep and/or activity datasCombination come the effect of determining allergic drug.These examples are provided only for explanation, and are not intended to be restricted or detailed's.The further embodiment and embodiment of sensor device are found in " portable life entitled filed in 8 days June in 2011Object measures monitoring arrangement and its operating method (Portable Biometric Monitoring Devices and MethodsOf Operating Same) " U.S. patent application case 13/156,304 and August in 2012 6 days filed in it is entitledIn the U.S. patent application case 61/680,230 of " Fitbit trackers (Fitbit Tracker) ", the U.S. patent application caseThe full text of the two is incorporated herein by reference hereby.

Biosensor

Biometric monitoring arrangement discussed herein can be used one, some or all of obtain physiology with lower sensorData, including but not limited to the physiological data summarized in following table.All combinations and arrangement of biosensor and/or physiological dataIt is set to fall within the scope of the present invention.Biometric monitoring arrangement may include, but are not limited to identified below for obtaining corresponding physiologyOne of data, the type of some or all of sensors；In fact, it can also or alternatively be obtained using other types of sensorCorresponding physiological data is taken, and these other types of sensors are also set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, biometric is supervisedView apparatus can from respective sensor output data export physiological data, but be not limited to its can derived from the sensor physiology numberAccording to number or type.

In an example embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include optical sensor detecting, sensing, samplingAnd/or generate the data of the information of anxiety (or it is horizontal), blood pressure and/or heart rate that can be used to determine to represent such as user.(see, such as Fig. 2A to 3C and 11A to KKG).In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include optical sensor,Its there is one or more light sources (LED, laser, etc.) with send out or output light to user body and photodetector (photoelectricity twoPole pipe, optotransistor, etc.) with sample, measure and/or detect this light from the response or reflection of user's body and provide to determineRepresent the number of the data of the anxiety (or its horizontal) of user, blood pressure and/or heart rate (for example, for example by using photoelectricity volume diagram)According to.

In an example embodiment, the heart rate measurement of user can be by (or being connected to its by one or more sensorsProcessing circuit) determining criterion and trigger.For example, when the data instruction from motion sensor is static or is transported with fewDuring the dynamic period, biometric monitoring arrangement can trigger, obtain and/or obtain heart rate measurement or data.(see, such as Fig. 9,12AAnd 12B).

Figure 12 A explanations are with heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor and are connected to processorTelecommunication circuit portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 12 B explanations have heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor, position sensor, seaPull out height sensor, skin electric conductivity/humidity sensor and be connected to processor telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering prisonThe example of view apparatus.

In one embodiment, when motion sensor indicate User Activity or movement (for example, for triggering, obtain and/orHeart rate measurement needed for acquisition or data (for example, to determine the data of the resting heart rate of user) improper or simultaneously non-optimal fortuneIt is dynamic) when, biometric monitoring arrangement and/or sensor to obtain and/or obtain required heart rate measurement or data can be placed inOr it is held in low power state.Because the heart rate measurement carried out during movement may be less reliable and may be by motion artifactDestroy, thus when biometric monitoring arrangement during exercise when, it may be necessary to reduce collect heart rate data sample frequency (thusReduce power use).

In another embodiment, instruction User Activity or the data of movement can be used (for example, coming in biometric monitoring arrangementFrom one or more motion sensors) come adjust or change triggering, obtain and/or obtain needed for the characteristic of heart rate measurement or data(for example, to improve the robustness to motion artifact).For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement receives instruction user and livesDynamic or movement data, then biometric monitoring arrangement can adjust or change to obtain heart rate data sensor sampling(for example, in the case where user movement amount is more than a certain threshold value, biometric monitoring arrangement can increase for rate and/or resolution modelBig sampling rate and/or increase are obtaining the sampling resolution pattern of the sensor of heart rate measurement or data).In addition, biometerMeasuring monitoring arrangement can be during these of User Activity or the movement period (for example, user movement amount is more than the period of a certain threshold value)Adjustment or the sampling rate and/or resolution model of modification motion sensor.By this method, when biometric monitoring arrangement determines orDetect this User Activity or movement when, biometric monitoring arrangement motion sensor can be placed in higher sampling rate and/or compared withHigh sampling resolution pattern is for example to realize the more accurately adaptive-filtering of heart rate signal.(see for example, Fig. 9).

Fig. 9 illustrates to be changed it based on the mobile degree that biometric monitoring arrangement is undergone and detected the mode of user's heart ratePortable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.The situation of movement (for example, via accelerometer is used) is detected whereinUnder, user can be considered by biometric monitoring arrangement in " activity ", and high sampling rate heart rate detection can occur to reduce heart rateMotion artifact in measurement.It can preserve and/or show this data.Determine that user does not move (or phase in biometric monitoring arrangementTo sitting) in the case of, low sampling rate heart rate detection (it does not consume so much power) for measure heart rate can be it is appropriate andIt can thus be used.

It is worth noting that, it is for example obtained in biometric monitoring arrangement using optical technology by using photoelectricity volume diagramIn the case of taking heart rate measurement or data, motor message can be used to determine or establish, data acquisition is carried out by heart rate sensorOr measure (for example, synchronous detection is without being non-amplitude modulation method) and/or the ad hoc approach or technology of its analysis.(see, such asFigure 11 E).By this method, indicate user movement or activity data can cause biometric monitoring arrangement establish or adjust byThe data acquisition or the type or technology of measurement that one or more optics heart rate sensors use.

For example, in one embodiment, when motion detector circuit detects or determines biometric monitoring arrangement(if for example, biometric monitoring arrangement determines user's sitting or sleeping), biometric when the movement of wearer is less than threshold valueMonitoring arrangement (or heart rate measurement technology as herein disclosed) is adjustable and/or reduces the sampling rate of optics heart rate sampling.(see for example, Fig. 9).By this method, biometric monitoring arrangement can control its power consumption.For example, biometric monitorsDevice can reduce power consumption by reducing sensor sampling rate, for example, biometric monitoring arrangement can every 10 minutes it is primaryOr every heart rate is sampled (via heart rate sensor) 1 minute by 10 seconds.It is worth noting that, additionally or alternatively, biologyMetering monitoring arrangement can control power via data processing circuit analysis and/or data analysis technique is controlled according to motion detectionConsumption.As a result, the movement of user may influence heart rate data get parms and/or data analysis or its processing.

Motion artifact in heart rate sensor inhibits

As discussed above, it can be surveyed by using one or more algorithms with removing motion artifact to improve by PPG sensorsThe original signal of amount.The movement (for determining motion artifact) of sensor measurement user can be used, the sensor includesBut accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity detector, magnetometer are not limited to, etc..The target of these algorithms is used from as guidanceThe movable signal of other sensors capture be attributable to mobile component (mobile illusion) remove PPG signals.At oneIn embodiment, sef-adapting filter can be used to be based on mixing Kalman filter (Kalman filter) and least means squareDevice or recursive least-squares wave filter remove the mobile illusion in PPG signals.Peak counting algorithm or power can then be usedSpectrum density algorithm for estimating is from cleaning/filtered signal extraction heart rate.Alternatively, Kalman filter or particle filter can be usedRemove these movement illusions.

Can be used to calculate heart rate frequency another method be by heart rate signal model creation be Y=Y_dc+∑a_k*coskθ+b_k* sink θ, wherein k are the exponent number of harmonic component, and θ is the model parameter for heart rate.This model can then use expansion cardThalmann filter or particle filter and be fitted to signal.This model utilizes following facts：Signal is simultaneously non-sinusoidal, therefore in baseContain power in both this harmonic wave and multiple additional harmonic waves place.

Alternatively, can be Y=Y by signal modeling_dc+∑a_k*sin(k*w_motiont+θ)+∑b_k*sin(k*w_HRT+ φ), whereinw_motionDirectly estimate from accelerometer signal (or another motion sensor signal).

Ambient light and the colour of skin

Ambient light and the colour of skin may make it difficult to the heart rate from PPG signal extraction users.When can be by being opened from PPG light sourcesThe value for receiving detection optical signal subtract receiving the value for detecting optical signal and reducing the shadow of ambient light when PPG light sources are closedIt rings (it is assumed that two signals were obtained in the time in close proximity to each other).

Can by change the intensity of PPG light sources, the light sent out from light source wavelength and/or by using corresponding to two notThe ratio or difference of the received signal of co-wavelength and the influence for reducing the colour of skin.It can be inputted by using user (for example, user keys inIts colour of skin), the image of human face etc. determine the colour of skin, and then then can come calibration algorithm, light-source brightness, light source using the colour of skinWavelength and receiver gain.It can also be by the way that the signal with known amplitude be sent to light source and is then measured from photoelectric detectorThe signal received measures influence of the colour of skin (and compactness of user's wearable device) to original PPG signals.Such signal canIt sends to reach the extended time cycle (to capture data via multiple expected heartbeats) and be then averaging and be not dependent on generatingThe stable state data group of heart rate.Can this amplitude then be determined that algorithm is calibrated, sent out compared with being stored in the class value in tableEmitter amplitude and receiver gain.

Estimate to improve using the heart rate of heuristic

After the initial estimation (for example, the peak counting estimated by power spectral density) for obtaining heart rate, it can be used forBoundary is applied to the permissible rate of heart rate.It can be for these boundaries of each user optimization, because each user will have uniquelyHeart rate overview.For example, its sitting heart rate can be estimated when each user is fixed, and when this can be used as user's walkingLower limit.Similarly, the half of the walk frequency such as calculated from pedometer may act as the good lower limit for being expected heart rate.

Algorithm of heart rate can customize for each user, and can learn user heart rate overview and suitable for user behavior and/Or characteristic is so as to expressively more preferable over time.For example, the algorithm can be right based on historical data from the userHeart rate or walking rate setting boundary during given body activity.This can be broken in heart rate data by noise and/or motion artifactBad when, provides better result.

HR quality metrics

In another example embodiment, the signal quality metrics of heart rate/PPG signals can be used to the standard of signal produced by providingThe quantization of exactness/accuracy.Depending on this measurement value, determine user heart rate (or such as breathing other PPG export degreeAmount) algorithm can take certain actions, comprising allow user tense watchband, ignore collected heart rate data certain parts (for example,Data segment with low quality metric) and certain parts of heart rate data are weighted (for example, with better quality measurementData can give bigger weight when calculating heart rate).

It in one embodiment, can sending out signals quality metric as follows：Draw scatter diagram, wherein x-axis is the time, and y-axisFrequency for the peak value in the PPG signals of that given time.Using this strategy it is to be overcome the problem of be can in given timeIt can there are multiple and/or zero peak values.Line of best fit captures linear relationship in this scatter diagram.High-quality signal should have goodIt is fitted to one group of peak value of line (in short time span) well, and bad signal will be with cannot well be described by line oneGroup peak value.Therefore, the good measure of the quality of PPG signals itself is provided to the fit quality of line.

Sitting, sleep and activity classification measurement

In yet another embodiment embodiment, when device determine user's sitting or it is sleeping when, biometric monitoring arrangement can be usedSensor calculates changes in heart rate.Herein, biometric monitoring arrangement can be with higher rate sampling mode (relative to non-sitting weekPhase or the User Activity period beyond predetermined threshold) sensor is operated to calculate changes in heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement (or it is outerPart device) indicator of the changes in heart rate as health of heart or anxiety can be used.

In fact, in some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can user's sitting and/or it is sleeping (for example, such as byBiometric monitoring arrangement is detected and/or is determined) when measure and/or determine the tensional level and/or health of heart of user.This hairInstruction changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, body temperature can be used in some embodiments of bright biometric monitoring arrangementAnd/or the sensing data of heart rate come determine the tensional level of user, health status (for example, fever or flu risk, hairMake or be in progress) and/or health of heart.By this method, the processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can determine and/or track with" baseline " tensional level and/or heart " health " over time of the user of time passage.In another embodiment, it is describedDevice can wherein user's without motion (or the movement of user is less than predetermined threshold, for example, when user is just being seated, lies down, fall asleep orDuring in sleep stage (for example, deep sleep)) one or more periods during measure user physiological parameter.This data can also be byBiometric monitoring arrangement is used as nervous relevant parameter, health-related parameter (for example, the risk or hair of fever or fluMake), health of heart, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, body temperature and/or heart rate " baseline ".

Sleep watchdog

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine user just attempt fall asleep,It falls asleep, fall asleep and/or wake up from sleep cycle.In these embodiments, biosensor can be used in biometric monitoring arrangementTo obtain data, and the data processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can make the sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangementHeart rate, changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, skin electroresponse, movement, skin temperature and/or temperature data combination correlation to examineIt surveys or whether determining user just attempts to fall asleep, falls asleep, falls asleep and/or wake up from sleep cycle.In response, biometricMonitoring arrangement can for example obtain physiological data (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) and/or determineThe physiological condition (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) of user.For example, user movementIt reduces or stops may indicate that user has fallen asleep with reference to the reduction of the change of user's heart rate and/or changes in heart rate.Changes in heart rate and skinFollow-up change of skin electroresponse then can determine the sleep state of user at two or two by biometric monitoring arrangementTransformation (for example, being changed into shallower and/or deeper sleep stage) between more than sleep stage.The movement of user and/or literThe change of high heart rate and/or changes in heart rate can determine that user has waken up by biometric monitoring arrangement.

In real time, windowing or batch processing can be used to determine the transformation waking, sleeping between sleep stage.For example,The heart can be measured in time window (heart rate is increased at the beginning of the window and reduced at the centre of the window (and/or end))The reduction of rate.Awakening and sleep stage can by hidden Markov model using motor message (for example, the exercise intensity reduced),Heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, skin electroresponse and/or the change of ambient light level are classified.It can be by changing a littleAlgorithm (for example, Bayes change point analysis) determines transition point.It can be by observing the heart rate of wherein user in predetermined continueIt is interior to be reduced at least a certain threshold value but the resting heart rate in user (it is for example observed minimum heart rate of the user in sleep)Predetermined margin in period come determine awaken and sleep between transformation.Similarly, can be increased by observing the heart rate of userThe transformation between sleep and awakening is determined on to the predetermined threshold higher than the resting heart rate of user.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be a component for monitoring the system of sleep, whereinThe system includes the auxiliary device (example being configured to communicate and be adapted for placement in biometric monitoring arrangement near sleeperSuch as, alarm clock).In some embodiments, the auxiliary device has to receiving biometric monitoring arrangement to carry out safetyKeeping, the shape of communication and/or charging and machinery and/or magnetic interfaces.However, the auxiliary device also can be universally used in biologyMeasure monitoring arrangement, such as the smart phone without particular design physically to be interfaced with biometric monitoring arrangement.It can be viaWired communication interface or via wireless communication interface and such as bluetooth (include such as bluetooth 4.0 and bluetooth low energy agreement),The agreements such as RFID, NFC or WLAN provide the communication between biometric monitoring arrangement and auxiliary device.Auxiliary device may includeTo the sensor of assisting sleep monitoring or environmental surveillance, such as measuring environment light, noise and/or sound with detection (for example, beatenSnore), temperature, humidity and air quality (pollen, dust, CO2, etc.) sensor.In one embodiment, auxiliary device can be withSuch as external service or server (for example, personal computer) communication of www.fitbit.com etc..Can via it is wired (for example,Ethernet, USB) or wireless (for example, WLAN, bluetooth, RFID, NFC, honeycomb fashion) circuit and to transfer data to auxiliary deviceAnd/or the agreement of data is transmitted to realize the communication with auxiliary device from auxiliary device.Auxiliary device can also act as to countIt is serviced according to from such as www.fitbit.com or other (for example, such as update of news, social networks, Email, calendar notificationEtc. data) etc. external services or server (for example, personal computer, mobile phone, tablet computer) be transmitted to biometricMonitoring arrangement and/or the repeater that data are transmitted to the external service or server from biometric monitoring arrangement.It can makeWith the data from one or two device user is performed on one or two device or external service (for example, Cloud Server)The calculating of dormant data.

Auxiliary device can equipped with display with show the data obtained by auxiliary device or by biometric monitoring arrangement,External service is transmitted to the group of its data or the data from biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device and/or external serviceIt closes.For example, auxiliary device can show instruction the heart rate of user, the total step number on the same day, activity and/or sleep realization of goal,The data of the weather (measured by auxiliary device or reported by external service for a position) on the same day etc..In another example,Auxiliary device can be shown with user relative to the related data of the ranking of other users, such as total all step numbers.In another implementationIn example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be shown equipped with display by biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device, external serviceOr the data that the combination in three sources obtains.First device is equipped with waking up alarm (for example, vibrating motor, raising one's voice whereinDevice) embodiment in, auxiliary device may act as spare alarm (for example, using audio tweeter).Auxiliary device can also haveInterface (for example, display and button or touch screen) is to create, delete, change or enable the report on first and/or auxiliary deviceAlert device.

Sensor-based ready mode

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine if to be attached to user, peaceIt puts with user and/or is worn by user.User, peace are not attached in response to detecting or determining biometric monitoring arrangementIt puts with user and/or is worn by user, biometric monitoring arrangement (or its selected portion) can be implemented or be placed in low-powerOperation mode, for example, optics heart rate sensor and/or circuit can be placed in lower-wattage or sleep pattern.For example, at oneIn embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include one or more of photodetector (photodiode, optotransistor, etc.).IfGiven luminous intensity set (for example, the light sent out relative to the light source by the part for biometric monitoring arrangement) under, one orMultiple photodetectors provide low return signal, then data can be explained as referring to showing device and not worn by biometric monitoring arrangementIt wears.After such determine, device can reduce its power consumption at once, such as by addition to other device circuits or displayAlso " deactivated " or adjustment be nervous and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or the operating condition of circuit (for example, by reduce light source and/Or detector working cycles or deactivated light source and/or detector, turn off device, display and/or deactivate or attenuation is associatedCircuit or part thereof).In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement can periodically determine whether (for example, once per second) should will be nervousAnd/or the operating condition of heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits is restored to normal operating condition (for example, light source, detectionDevice and/or associated circuits should return to normal manipulation mode for carrying out heart rate detection).In another embodiment, biometerAmount monitoring arrangement can after triggerable event is detected (for example, detect device movement (for example, based on from one orThe data of multiple motion sensors) and/or detect user's input via user interface (for example, monitoring dress with biometricPut touch by, collide or stir interaction) after) restore nervous and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits at onceOperating condition.In some related embodiments, purpose is saved for power, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in User Activity degree notThe default rate that its heart rate measurement is collected is reduced to when high and is for example measured once every minute, and user can have for example by pushing awayIt moves button and device is placed in the operation mode that measurement is generated on demand or with faster rate (for example, once per second).

Optical sensor

In one embodiment, optical sensor (source and/or detector) can be placed in the interior of biometric monitoring arrangementPortion or skin side are (that is, the side of the contact of biometric monitoring arrangement, touching and/or user oriented skin is (hereinafter referred to" skin side ")) on.(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).In another embodiment, optical sensor can be placed in the one or more of deviceOn a side, comprising skin side and device towards or be exposed to one or more sides (ambient side) of ambient enviroment.(see exampleSuch as, Fig. 6 A are to 7).

Fig. 6 A illustrate the example of the portable monitoring device with belt；Optical sensor and optical transmitting set can be placed in instituteIt states on belt.

Fig. 6 B illustrate the example with the portable biometric of display and wrist strap metering monitoring arrangement.In addition, optics PPG(for example, heart rate) detection sensor and/or transmitter can be located on the side of biometric monitoring arrangement.In one embodimentIn, these each can be located in Ce Mian An Installed formula buttons.

Fig. 7 describes user and presses the side of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement with from Ce Mian An Installed formula optics heart rate detectionsSensor carries out heart rate measurement.The display of biometric monitoring arrangement can show whether have detected that heart rate and/or display are usedThe heart rate at family.

It is worth noting that, the data from these optical sensors can represent physiological data and/or environmental data.It is practicalOn, in one embodiment, optical sensor provides, obtains and/or detects multiple sides from biometric monitoring arrangementInformation, whether be placed on one or more of the multiple side without tube sensor.For example, optical sensor canObtain the data related with the environment light condition of environment.

In the case where optical sensor is positioned or arranged in the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement, in operation,Light source in biometric monitoring arrangement can shine, and in response on the skin of user, in biometric monitoring arrangementThe corresponding light for reflecting and/or sending out of photodetector sampling, acquisition and/or detection from skin (and from body interior).One or more light sources and photodetector can be examined by enhancing or optimization signal-to-noise ratio and/or the light source and light is reduced or minimizedArray or the pattern of the power consumption of device are surveyed to arrange.These optical sensor samplings, acquisition and/or detection physiological data,The physiological data then can obtain the heart for representing such as user through handling or analyzing (for example, by residing processing circuit)Rate, breathing, changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), blood volume, blood glucose, skin moisture and/or cutaneous pigmentation level numberAccording to.

Light source can send out the light of one or more wavelength of the type specific to or be directed to physiological data to be collected.Similarly, fluorescence detector sampling, measurement and/or detection also specific to or be directed to the type of physiological data to be collectedAnd/or one or more wavelength of (user's) physiological parameter to be assessed or determining.For example, in one embodiment, send outProvide the light of the wavelength in green light spectrum light source (for example, send out with corresponding to green light spectrum wavelength light LED) andThe photodiode for being located to sample, measure and/or detect response corresponding with this light or reflect, which can provide, can be used to determineOr the data of detection heart rate.In contrast, send out the light with the wavelength in red spectral light source (for example, send out with pairShould be in the LED of the light of the wavelength of red spectral) and the light source of the light with the wavelength in infrared spectrum is sent out (for example, sending outThe LED of light with the wavelength corresponding to IR spectrum) and it is located to sample, measure and/or detect the response or anti-of this lightThe photodiode penetrated, which can provide, can be used to determine or detect SpO₂Data.

In fact, in some embodiments, the color or wavelength of light sent out by light source (such as LED (or one group of LED))It can be changed, adjusted and/or be controlled according to the predefined type or operating condition of acquired physiological data.Herein, it is adjustableThe whole and/or wavelength of light that is sent out by light source of control is to optimize and/or enhance the physiological data for being obtained by detector and/or being sampled" quality ".It for example, can be from red by the color of the LED light sent out when the skin temperature of user or relatively low environment temperatureOutside line be switched to it is green so as to enhance correspond to cardiomotility signal.(see, such as Figure 11 D).

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can include in the shell window (for example, to examine temporarily,Opaque window) to promote light emitting between optical sensor and user.Herein, the window can permit such as one orLight (for example, with selected wavelength) is issued on the skin of user and permits the response of light or reflect via described by multiple LEDWindow is to back through to be sampled, measure and/or be detected by such as one or more photodiodes.In one embodiment,The circuit related with sending out and receiving light can be placed in the inside of crust of the device and in plastics or glassy layer (for example, being coated with redOutside line ink) or infrared lenses or wave filter (its permit infrared light by but disapprove the light in people's vision spectrum and pass through)Downwardly or rearwardly.By this method, the light transmission of the window can not be by human eye finding.

Light pipe or other translucent constructions can be used so that light to be promoted to be emitted to from light source the body of user in biometric monitoring arrangementBody and skin.(see for example, Fig. 4 A are to 5).In this regard, in some embodiments, light can be via these light pipes or other light transmissionsStructure is from the skin of light source oriented users.Scattering light from user's body can be biological to guiding is returned via same or like structureMeasure the optical circuit in monitoring arrangement.In fact, the material and/or optics that low light loss is promoted to lose can be used in the translucent construction(for example, translucent construction may include the lens that light is promoted to collect, and the part of translucent construction can be coated with reflecting material or neighbour for designThe internal reflection that reflecting material is bordering on to promote light in translucent construction), thus improve the signal-to-noise ratio of photodetector and/or promotion subtractsThe power consumption of small light source and/or photodetector.In some embodiments, light pipe or other translucent constructions may include selectivelyTransmitting is with one or more specific or predetermined wavelength light (emission effciency is higher than the emission effciency of the light with other wavelength)Material thus acts as bandpass filter.This quasi-belt ventilating filter can be tuned the signal to improve specific physiological data type.It liftsFor example, in one embodiment, in-mold label or " IML " translucent construction can be implemented, wherein the translucent construction use hasThe material of predetermined or required optical characteristics creates specific bandpass characteristic, so as to for example make infrared light by efficiency higher than havingThe light (for example, light with the wavelength in people's visible spectrum) of other wavelength.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring dressPutting can be used, there is optically opaque part (comprising certain optical characteristics) and optical clear part (to include impermeable different from opticsThe optical characteristics of bright part) translucent construction.Such translucent construction can be provided via double injection or two step molding process, whereinOptically opaque material and optically transparent material are individually injected into mold.Implement the biometric prison of such translucent constructionView apparatus may depend on the light direction of travel across translucent construction and include different optical transmission characteristics for different wave length.Citing comesIt says, in one embodiment, optically opaque material can reflect particular range of wavelengths so as to the body more efficiently by light from userBody transmitting returns to photodetector (it can have the different wave length of the wavelength relative to sent out light).

In another embodiment, catoptric arrangement can be placed in the visual field of optical transmitting set and/or photodetector.Citing comesSay, have by light from optical transmitting set be directed to user skin and/or from the skin of user be directed to photodetector hole (or warpBy perform this by way of advance translucent construction) side can be covered in reflecting material (for example, chromium plating) to promote light transmission.InsteadThe efficiency that light is transferred to skin from light source and detector is then returned to from skin transport can be increased by penetrating material.Optical epoxy can be usedResin or other transparent materials filling reflectivity apply cloth hole to prevent liquid from entering apparatus main body while still allowing to damage with low transmissionLose transmitted light.

In another embodiment for implementing translucent construction (for example, the structure for creating or being formed via IML), these light transmission knotsStructure may include the mask being made of opaque material, the opaque material limitation one, some or all of light sources and/or detectionThe aperture of device.By this method, translucent construction, which optionally " defines ", emits light into or from the user's body of its detection lightPreferred volume.Use or implement other masks to be configured it is worth noting that, described herein and/or explanation concept can be combined；To these all maskings for for example improving photoelectricity volume diagram signal and implementing with reference to described herein and/or explanation conceptSet fall within the scope of the present invention is configured.

In another embodiment, optical transmitting set and/or detector can be configured with via the hole in device outside or a systemArrange hole transmitting light.This hole or this series of apertures can be filled with light transmitting epoxy resin (such as optical resin).Epoxy resin can shapeInto light-guiding pillar, light is allowed to be emitted to skin from optical transmitting set and emit from skin and returns to photodetector.This technology also hasAdvantages below：Epoxy resin can form waterproof sealing, so as to prevent water, sweat or other liquid by the hole on device outside intoEnter apparatus main body, the hole allows optical transmitting set and detector emit light into biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior and fromBiometric monitoring arrangement body exterior receives light.Epoxy resin with high heat conductance can be used to help prevent light source (for example,LED it) overheats.

In any one of translucent construction as described herein, the exposure table of optical device (translucent construction) or apparatus main bodyFace may include painting firmly, hard dip-coating object or optical coating (such as antireflection, the blocking of anti-scratch, antifog and/or wavelength band (such asUltraviolet light blocking) coating).These characteristics or material can improve the operation of biometric monitoring arrangement, accuracy and/or durableProperty.

Fig. 4 A illustrate a potential PPG light source and the example of photoelectric detector geometry.In this embodiment, two lightSource is placed on the either side of photoelectric detector.These three devices are located at wristband type biometric monitoring arrangement (its side faceTo the skin of user) the back side on it is raised in.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensors of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.These components are placedIn the biometric monitoring arrangement with protrusion on back side.Light-pipe optics connect LED and photoelectric detector and user's skinSurface.Side under the skin, the light from light source can scatter or reflect back into light from the blood scattering in body, some of whichIn photodetector.

Fig. 5 illustrates the example of the biometric monitoring arrangement with the optimized PPG detectors for possessing protrusion, the protrusionWith curved side in order to avoid user is made not feel well.In addition, photoelectric detector and LED light are coupled to the skin of wearerThe surface of light pipe is coupled to be wavy with the luminous flux maximized between LED and photoelectric detector and light pipe.The user oriented of light pipeThe end of skin is also wavy.This profile can make light focusing or defocusing to optimize PPG signals.For example, the profile can makeIt is light emitted to focus on a certain depth for meeting the region that blood flow occur and position.The vertex of these focuses can be overlappedIt is together or very close so that photoelectric detector receives the scattering light of maximum possible amount.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include concave or convex shape in the skin side of deviceLight is collected by (such as lens) so that light is focused on and increased towards the designated volume at the certain depth in skin from the pointThe efficiency of photoelectric detector.(see for example, Fig. 4 A are to 5).In such biometric monitoring arrangement also using light pipe with selectivelyAnd it controllably carries out moulding to the end of light-guiding pillar and makes it have a degree of cylindricity (example in the case of routing lightSuch as, nominally the end of light-guiding pillar can be cylindrical surface (or its portion defined by the cylinder axis for being parallel to skin sidePoint)) can be advantageous (using axially symmetric lens for example, substituting).For example, in Wrist belt-type biometric monitoring arrangementIn, nominally such cylindrical lens can be oriented such that cylinder axis is parallel to the forearm of wearer, this measure can haveLimit from the direction for the forearm for being parallel to people enter this lens-like light amount and increase from the direction of the forearm perpendicular to people intoEnter the effect of the amount of this lens-like light, because compared with the direction (that is, forearm perpendicular to user) covered by bandage, environmentLight is more likely to the direction never covered by the bandage of biometric monitoring arrangement (i.e. along the forearm axis of user) and reaches sensingDevice detection zone, such configuration can be transmitted to light on user's skin from transmitter by increase or efficiency therein is reduced simultaneouslySignal-to-noise ratio is improved by photoelectric detector detection or " spuious " light collected.By this method, it is sampled, measured by photoelectric detectorAnd/or the signal of detection (is represented to institute by less stray light and to this light emitted more user's skin/body responseEmit the signal or data of the response of light) composition.

In another embodiment, light transmitting epoxy resin may be molded as concave or convex shape to be also provided with for sensorThe optical characteristics of benefit.For example, during light transmitting epoxy resin is coated, by the top for the translucent construction that the epoxy resin is formedPortion can be through being shaped as concave surface so that light is more efficiently coupled to translucent construction.

In one embodiment, the component of optical sensor can be positioned in the skin side of device, and arranged or positioning(i) light source and/or the distance between associated detector and (ii) user's skin is reduced or minimized.See such as Fig. 3 A,The cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device is provided.In figure 3 a, two light sources (for example, LED) are placedOn the either side of photoelectric detector with realize PPG sense.Light-locking material be placed between light source and photoelectric detector to preventOnly any light from light source reaches main body of the photoelectric detector without exiting biometric monitoring arrangement first.Flexible transparent layerIt can be placed in the lower surface of sensor protrusion to form sealing.This hyaline layer can serve other functions, such as prevent liquidBody enters device at the position for placing light source or photoelectric detector.This hyaline layer can be formed via in-mold label or " IML ".LightSource and photoelectric detector can be placed on flexible PCB.

Such configuration can improve the luminous flux coupling efficiency between the component of optical sensor and user's body.Citing comesSay, in one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flexible or flexible substrate, it is described flexible orFlexible substrate deflection, so as to which the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement (it can be made of conforming materials) be allowed to meet(for example, without extra process) or biometric monitoring arrangement can be met in the normal operating phase through moulding (or compliance)Between the shape of body part (for example, the wrist of user, arm, ankle and/or leg) that is coupled to or is attached to so that light sourceAnd/or associated detector close to user skin (that is, several between the skin side of device and the neighbouring surface of user's skinGapless).See such as Fig. 6 A.In one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flat flexible cableOn (Flat Flex Cable) or " FFC " or flexible PCB.In this embodiment, flexible or flexible substrate (for example, FFC orFlexible PCB) may be connected in device be mounted with other components (for example, data processing circuit) thereon the second substrate (for example,PCB).The optical module Ke An Installed of different height to flexible substrate difference " finger " and through pressing or being fastened to shell tableFace so that optical module is flushed with case surface.In one embodiment, the second substrate can be opposite without flexible or inflexibilitySubstrate is fixed in the device, is mounted with other circuits and component (passive and/or active) thereon.

Fig. 3 B describe the cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device；This protrusion is similar to institute in Fig. 3 AThe protrusion of presentation, only light source and photoelectric detector are placed on flat and/or hard PCB.

Fig. 3 C provide another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementations.It is worth noting that, this PPG sensorIn there is no protrusion.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are preventing liquid from entering biometric monitoring arrangement main body.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may be adapted to be worn or carried by user's body.Including the optics heartIn some embodiments of rate monitor, device can be the wrist wearing type such as wrist-watch or bracelet or arm installing type ornament.(see for example, Fig. 2A is to 7).In one embodiment, the optical element of optics heart rate monitor can be located at biometric monitoring dressOn the inside put or skin side, for example, when biometric monitoring arrangement is worn in wrist towards the top of wrist (that is, opticsHeart rate monitor can be adjacent to and towards wrist).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).

In another embodiment, optics heart rate monitor can be located at one or more external or rings of biometric monitoring arrangementOn the side surface of border.(see for example, Fig. 6 B and 7).In these embodiments, user can use the finger touching optical window of phase backhand(optical element of optics heart rate monitor is located at its rear) with originate heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements related with heart rate,Such as changes in heart rate) and/or collect can be used to determine user heart rate (and/or other measurements related with heart rate) data.(see for example, Fig. 6 B).In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can pass through the incident light in sense photodiodeIt is (unexpected) decline and trigger or starting measure, for example, when the finger of user is placed on optical window.Additionally or alternativelyGround, can (it can be with other detectors by the proximity detector based on infrared ray and/or capacitor-type touch/proximity detectorSeparate) trigger heart rate measurement (or other such measurements).Such proximity detector and/or capacitive touch based on infrared rayTouch/proximity detector can be placed in optical window or thereon and/or functionally, electricity and/or be physically coupled to optical windowMouthful to detect or determine the presence of such as user's finger.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include button, and the button is triggered or risen when pressedBeginning heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements related with heart rate).The button can be placed in very close at optical window in handFinger facilitates user to press button when being placed on optical window.(see for example, Fig. 7).In one embodiment, optical window can be embeddingEnter in promoting button.Thus, when a user presses a button, it can trigger the measurement to the finger for pressing lower button.It in fact, canIt assigns certain shape of button and/or presses pressure resistance, enhance or optimization button resists the pressure distribution of finger to measure or countAccording to providing high s/n ratio during acquisition.(undeclared) in other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in intermediate plate, smooth rightAs, pendant, ankletbangle, band etc. be suitable for being worn on body, clip to or pacify Installed to dress, store in the clothes (for example, pocketIn) or be stored in form in ornament (for example, handbag).

In a particular embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include protrusion in the skin side of device or inside.(see Fig. 2A to 6A).When being coupled to user, the protrusion is than peripheral devices main body with engaging skin more energetically.It is real hereinIt applies in example, optical window or translucent construction (both is all being discussed in detail above) can form a part for protrusion or be incorporated in prominentIn rising.The optical transmitting set and/or detector of optical sensor can be positioned or arranged near window or translucent construction in protrusion.(see for example, Fig. 2 B and 6A).As a result, when the body for being attached to user, the window portion of the protrusion of biometric monitoring arrangementThan the peripheral devices main body skin of engaging user more energetically, thus provided between the skin of user and optical window more firmSolid physical coupling.That is, the protrusion can cause durable contact between biometric monitoring arrangement and the skin of user, it canReduce relative motion between the amount of stray light measured by photoelectric detector, reduction biometric monitoring arrangement and user and/Or offer is to the improved local pressure of user's skin；All these quality for improving heart signal of interest.It is worth noteMeaning, the protrusion contain close and/or rigid contact the other sensors benefited from user's skin.TheseSensor can other than heart rate sensor or substitute heart rate sensor and be included, and include such as skin temperature transducer(for example, being joined to the optical window of outer surface of protrusion or the contactless heat of thermal resistor using by hot epoxy resinPile), pulse oximeter, blood pressure sensor, the sensors such as EMG or skin electroresponse (GSR) sensor.

Additionally or alternatively, a part for the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement may include friction enhancing mechanism or materialMaterial.For example, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement may include multiple raised or sunken areas or part (for example, small convexBlock, oncus, groove and/or point).In addition, friction enhancing material is (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material or other bulletsProperty material) it can be placed in skin side.In fact, the device back side can also provide friction made of gel, while also improve and useFamily comfort level and prevent stray light from entering.As noted above, friction enhancing mechanism or material can be individually or jointly as hereinThe described biometric monitoring arrangement with protrusion uses.In this regard, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in deviceIt is in protrusion or upper comprising multiple raised or sunken area parts (for example, small lugs, oncus, groove and/or point).It is practicalOn, these raised or sunken area parts may be incorporated into/be embedded into the window portion of protrusion or on.Additionally or alternatively, protrusionPart can be made of (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material) friction enhancing material or be applied with the friction enhancing materialCloth.It is worth noting that, the use of protrusion and/or friction can be existed by reducing biometric monitoring arrangement (and thus sensor)(especially user just during exercise) improves relative to the movement of the skin of user corresponding to certain parameter (examples in operating processSuch as, heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, pigmenting of skin, heat flux, blood pressure, blood glucose etc.) data acquisitionAccuracy of measurement.

Some or all of the inside of biometric monitoring arrangement or skin side shell can also by metal material (for example, steel,Stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium or titanium) composition.Such configuration can provide structural rigidity.(see for example, Fig. 2 B).In such embodiments, it fillsPutting main body can be designed to be low irritability by using low irritability " no nickel " stainless steel.It is worth noting that, it uses(at least in certain positions) at least slightly can be containing ferrous some type of metal (for example, for ferrous stainless steel grade)Advantageous.In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement is (wherein it includes rechargeable energy source (for example, rechargeableBattery)) can be interconnected via connector and charger, the connector using the magnet for being coupled to divalent iron material and by itselfIt is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, this magnetic properties engaged with base or extension also can be used in biometric monitoring arrangementDepressed place is to promote data to transmit.In addition, such shell can provide reinforced electric magnetic screen, it will enhancing optics heart rate sensor and the heartThe integrality and reliability of rate data acquisition/operation.In addition, skin temperature transducer can for example pass through hot epoxy resin objectReason couples and is thermally coupled to metal master to sense the temperature of user.In the embodiment comprising protrusion, sensor can be positioned onProtrusion nearby or in protrusion arrives the rigid contact of user's skin and the thermal coupling of localization to provide.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more components of optical sensor (in one embodiment, can be located at protrusionIn and/or in another embodiment, flushed with the surface of biometric monitoring arrangement with can disposing or place) via not leakingLiquid-tight envelope (that is, preventing method/mechanism that liquid enters in the main body of biometric monitoring arrangement) and be attached, fix, including and/Or it is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, in one embodiment, by metal (such as, but not limited to stainless steel, aluminium, magnesiumOr titanium) or rigid plastics made of the device back side can provide it is hard enough the structural intergrity of device to be maintained to adapt to sense simultaneouslyThe structure of the water-tight sealing of device encapsulation.(see for example, Fig. 2 B to 3C).

In a preferred embodiment, the encapsulation of optical sensor or module can be connected to by pressure sensitive adhesive and liquid gasketDevice.See such as Fig. 3 C, another cross-sectional view of PPG Sensor Implementations is provided.It is worth noting that, this PPG is sensedThere is no protrusion in device.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are preventing liquid from entering apparatus main body.For example, such asFruit is in the firmer or more durable connection of optical sensor package/needed between module and apparatus main body, then spiral shell also can be usedNail, rivet etc..It is worth noting that, the present embodiment also can be used for example Golders (Gore-Tex), o ring, sealant,Optical sensor package/module is fastened or is attached to biometric by the marine glues such as grease or epoxy resin, hydrophobic diaphragmMonitoring arrangement main body.

As discussed above, biometric monitoring arrangement may include being placed on skin side or inside comprising high reflectanceThe material of characteristic, such as polished stainless steel, reflectivity paint and polished plastics.By this method, it is dissipated from the skin side of deviceThe light penetrated can reflect back into skin for example to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of optics heart rate sensor.In fact, with it is nonreflective (or compared withSmall reflectivity) the apparatus main body back side compare, this effectively increases input optical signal.It is worth noting that, in one embodimentIn, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inside can be chosen to provide certain optical characteristics (for example, reflection is specialFixed or predetermined wavelength light), to improve the signal about certain physiological data types.For example, it is monitored in biometricSkin side or inside for green in the case of, be attributable to corresponding to green light spectrum wavelength light preferred emission and enhance the heartThe measurement of rate.In the case where the skin side of biometric monitoring or inside are red, it is attributable to the wave corresponding to red spectralThe transmitting of long light preferably enhances SpO₂Measurement.It in one embodiment, can be according to the predetermined of acquired physiological dataType and change, adjust and/or control biometric monitor skin side or inside color.

Figure 11 A describe the example schematic block diagram of optics heart rate sensor, wherein skin hair of the light from light source towards userGo out, and the reflection of this light from skin/body interior of user is sensed by photodetector, the signal from photodetector then passes throughA/D converter (ADC) digitizes.Can change the intensity (for example, via intensity of light source control module) of light source with maintain in accordance withThe reflected signal strength needed.For example, the intensity of light source can be reduced to avoid the output signal saturation from photodetector.MakeFor another example, it is possible to increase the intensity of light source is with needed for the output signal from photodetector is maintained in the range of output valve.ValueIt obtains it is noted that the active control of system can be via linearly or nonlinearly control method (for example, proportional-integral-differential (PID)Control, fixed step size control, predictive control, neural network, lag, etc.) it realizes, and also usable its from deviceInformation derived from its sensor (such as movement, skin electroresponse, etc.).Figure 11 A are provided to illustrate rather than these systemsEmbodiment is limited to the ADC being for example integrated in MCU or uses MCU in this respect.Other possible embodiments, which include, uses oneOr multiple internal or external ADC, FPGA, ASIC, etc..

In another embodiment, the system with optics heart rate sensor may be incorporated into sampling and holding circuit (or equivalent)Use with turn off or decay light source to save power when maintain photodetector output.The phase of photodetector output whereinTo changing in vital embodiment (for example, heart rate measurement), sampling and holding circuit can need not maintain the defeated of photodetectorThe accurate duplication gone out.In some cases, sampling and holding can be simplified as such as diode (for example, Schottky diode) and electricityContainer.Sampling and the output of holding circuit can be presented to analog signal and adjust circuit (for example, sarin-base (Sallen-Key) bandBandpass filter, level shifter and/or gain circuitry) to adjust and amplify the signal in band of interest (for example, for the heartDirty or respiratory function, 0.1Hz to 10Hz), it can then pass through ADC digital.See such as Figure 11 B.

In operation, such as those are opened up in the circuit of circuits described herein topology (such as sampling and holding circuit)The DC and low frequency component for removing signal are flutterred, and helps to parse the AC component related with heart rate and/or breathing.Embodiment also may includeCircuit is adjusted for the analog signal of variable gain setting, can be controlled to provide suitable signal (for example, unsaturated).LightThe performance characteristics of source, photodetector and/or sampling and holding (for example, the climb rate and/or gain band width product) and power consumptionAnalog signal can be significantly higher than and adjust circuit to realize that the rapid operation of light source recycles.In some embodiments, it is supplied to light sourceAnd the power of photodetector can be individually controlled to provide excess power saving with the power that analog signal is supplied to adjust circuit.Alternatively or additionally, the functionality such as enabling, deactivate and/or shut down can be used to realize that power is saved for circuit.In another realityIt applies in example, photodetector and/or sampling and the output of holding circuit other than analog signal adjusts circuit or can substitute simulationCircuit for signal conditioning and be sampled to control the luminous intensity of light source or measure physiological parameter of interest (for example, working as mould by ADCIntend circuit for signal conditioning when not yet stablizing after changing luminous intensity setting).It is worth noting that, because physiology of interest is believedIt is number small usually relative to the intrinsic resolution of ADC, therefore in some embodiments, can adjust reference voltage and/or the gain of ADCTo enhance signal quality and/or over sampling can be carried out to ADC.In another embodiment, device can be for example, by over sampling, adjustmentThe reference voltage of ADC and/or gain or numeric only sampling and the output of holding circuit using high resolution A/D C.See for exampleFigure 11 C.

PPG DC deviate removal technology

In another embodiment, sensor device may be incorporated into difference amplifier and be changed with amplifying the opposite of the output of photodetectorBecome.See such as Figure 11 F.In some embodiments, digital averaging or digital low-pass filtering letter can be subtracted from the output of photodetectorNumber.This modified signal can be then amplified, and then it is by ADC digital.It in another embodiment, can be via for example using takingSample and holding circuit and analog signal adjust circuit and are subtracted from the output of photodetector and simulate average or analogue low pass filtering letterNumber.It is supplied to the power of light source, photodetector and difference amplifier can be with being supplied to the power that analog signal adjusts circuit independentGround control is saved with improving power.

In another embodiment, a signal (voltage or electric current, depending on particular sensor can be subtracted from original PPG signalsEmbodiment) to remove any biasing in original PPG signals, and therefore increase containing heart rate (or other loop parameters, such asChanges in heart rate) gain of PPG signals of information or the amplification PPG signals.This signal can be set to default value, base in the factoryA value is set in particular skin reflectivity, absorption and/or the color of user and/or may depend on from ambient light sensingThe feedback of device changes depending on the analysis of PPG signals itself.For example, if it is determined that PPG signals are deviated with big DC,Constant voltage can be so subtracted from PPG signals to remove DC offsets and realize larger gain, therefore improve PPG signal qualities.In this example, DC offsets can result from reaches the ambient light of photoelectric detector (for example, from the sun or from room from PPG light sourcesIntraoral illumination) or from PPG light sources reflect light.

In another embodiment, difference amplifier can be used to measure the currently poor rather than each signal between previous sampleMagnitude.Because the magnitude of each sample is usually more much bigger than the difference between each sample, larger gain can be applied toEach measurement, therefore improve PPG signal qualities.The signal can then be integrated to obtain original time domain signal.

In another embodiment, optical detector module may be incorporated into the transimpedance amplifier grade with variable gain.It is such to matchPutting can avoid or minimize because bright ambient light and/or saturation during from the bright light that light source emits.For example, transimpedance is putThe gain of big device can pass through the variable resistance in the negative feedback paths of transimpedance amplifier and/or one group of multiplexing resistorAnd automatically reduce.In some embodiments, device can carry out amplitude modulation and then to light detection by the intensity to light sourceThe output of device is demodulated (for example, synchronous detection) and is incorporated to few optics shielding from ambient light.See such as Figure 11 E.In other aspects, if there is ambient light enough brightness to obtain heart rate signal, then light source can reduce brightness and/or close completelyFall.

It in another embodiment, can be in combination using aforementioned processing technology with the physiological parameter of optical measurement user.SeeSuch as Figure 11 G.This permissible system of topology with low-power measurement state and circuit topology (in where applicable) operation and optionally andSuitable for higher-wattage measuring state and circuit topology.For example, system can use simulation during or sitting fixed in userCircuit for signal conditioning measures physiological parameter (for example, heart rate) of interest to reduce power consumption, but direct in User ActivityIt is switched to and the over sampling formula that photodetector exports is sampled.

In the embodiment for including heart rate monitor in wherein biometric monitoring arrangement, signal is handled to obtain heart rate measurementIt may include filtering and/or Signal Regulation, such as bandpass filtering (for example, Butterworth (Butterworth) filters).Believe to offsetThe big transition and/or the convergence of the improvement filtering that may occur in number, can be used such as neural network or climb rate limitationWait nonlinear methods.The data (such as movement, skin electroresponse, skin temperature etc.) of sensor on device can be used to adjustSignal Regulation method used in whole.Under specified operating conditions, it can be carried out by the number to the signal peak in time windowIt counts or measures and use by using the basic frequency or second harmonic (for example, via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) of signalThe heart rate at family.In other cases, such as in user movement the heart rate data obtained, can be to the signal and spectral peak that are extractedValue performs FFT, can be followed by by multiple target tracking device (it, continuing, merge and delete tracking to the frequency spectrum)It is pocessed.In some embodiments, one group of similar operations can be performed to motor message, and output is used for movable discriminating(for example, sitting, walking, running, sleep, lie down, being seated, cycling, typewriting, elliptical exercise, weight training), it is more to assistTarget tracker.For example, with this information it is possible to determine user is fixed and has started to move.This information can be used to preferentially to make tracking afterIt is continuous to be partially deflected in increase frequency.Similarly, movable discriminator can determine that user has stopped running or just more slowly running, and thisInformation can be used to that tracking continuation part is preferentially made to be partial to reduce frequency.Single sweep or more scanning multiple target tracking device topologys can be usedRealize tracking, such as joint probability data association tracker, multiple hypotheis tracking, immediate neighbor, etc..It can be via KalmanWave filter, spline regression, particle filter, Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm etc. complete the estimation and prediction in tracker.TrackingSelector module can be used the output trajectory from multiple spectra tracker and estimate the heart rate of user.The estimation can be taken as maximumPossibility track, the control of track its weighted sum of probability etc. for heart rate.In addition, movable discriminator can influence to obtain heart rateThe selection and/or fusion of estimation.For example, if user is sleeping, is being seated, lying down or sitting, then prior probability canIt can be partial to 40 to the heart rate in 80bpm ranges；And if user is running, jogging or is carrying out other strenuous exercises, thenPrior probability may be partial to the raised heart rate in 90 to 180bpm ranges.The influence of movable discriminator can the speed based on userDegree.When user does not move, estimation can shift to the basic frequency (or completely by its acquisition) of signal.It can be changed based on instruction activityThe criterion selection of change is corresponding to the track of user's heart rate；For example, if user walks since fixed, then can be excellentFirst selection illustrates the track of the offset towards upper frequency.

The acquisition of good heart rate signal can carry out wired via biometric monitoring arrangement or with biometric monitoring arrangementOr the display on another device (for example, mobile phone equipped with bluetooth low energy) of wireless communication is indicated to user.In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include S meter, by can be by the pulse for the LED that user inspectsTo represent.Pulse can be timed or related consistent with the heartbeat with user.Intensity, pulse rates and/or the color of LED can be through repairingChange or adjust to imply signal strength.For example, relatively bright LED intensity can represent stronger signal or in RGB LEDConfiguration, green LED can represent stronger signal.

In some embodiments, energy (for example, quadratic sum) of the signal in the frequency band of such as 0.5Hz to 4Hz can be passed throughTo determine the intensity of heart rate signal.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can have, may be incorporated into or construction is to shellAnd/or strain gauge, pressure sensor, force snesor or the other contact indication sensors in belt (are monitored in biometric and are filledIt puts and is attached to belt (such as wrist-watch, bracelet and/or armband) or (it, which can be then secured to user) An Installed, implements with beltIn example).The data from these contact sensors can be solely based on or calculate signal with reference to the data from heart rate signalQuality metric (for example, heart rate signal quality).

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can via photodetector array (such as photodiode orThe grid of CCD camera) heart rate is monitored optically.Can via the signature tracking to skin and/or using accelerometer andThe adaptive motion of gyroscope corrects to track movement of the Optical devices relative to skin.Detector array can with skin contact orSmall distance is deviated from skin.Can actively control (for example, passing through motor) detector array and its associated optics withIt maintains the stabilization image of target and obtains heart rate signal.Information or figure from motion sensor (for example, gyroscope) can be usedRealize that this optical-mechanical stabilizes as feature.In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can be used, illuminates skin(wherein each photoelectric detector is between the adjacent detector for compared with for coherent or incoherent light source and photodetector arrayIntensity (so as to obtain so-called spot pattern, a variety of image trace technologies can be used to be tracked, such as light stream, templateMatch, Edge track etc.) comparator be associated) implement relative motion elimination.In this embodiment, for the light of motion trackingSource may differ from for the light source of optics heart rate monitor.

In another embodiment, multiple photoelectric detectors that biometric monitoring arrangement can be distributed by the surface along deviceAnd photophore (photoemitter) composition, the skin of described device touching user is (that is, the skin of biometric monitoring arrangementSide).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 6A).For example, in the example of bracelet, it may be present and be placed on along belt internal circumferenceMultiple photoelectric detectors and photophore in each site.(see for example, Fig. 6 A).Heart rate signal matter associated with each siteMetric may be calculated to determine best or one group of best site for estimating user's heart rate.Then, it can deactivate or turn off instituteSome in rheme point are for example to reduce power consumption.Device can periodically check some or all of site placeHeart rate signal quality is to enhance, monitor and/or optimize signal and/or power efficiency.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include heart rate monitor system, and it includes such as optics, soundMultiple sensors such as, pressure, electricity (for example, ECG or EKG) and movement, and merge the two or two in these sensorsMore than person information is to provide the estimation of heart rate and/or mitigate noise by exercise induced.

In addition to heart rate monitor (or other biometrics monitoring) or substitute heart rate monitor (or the monitoring of other biometrics),In some embodiments, it is sudden and violent to be based on the tracking of striation part or detection ultraviolet light to may include optical sensor for biometric monitoring arrangementReveal, the time and duration of whole outdoor optical exposures, (fluorescent light is sudden and violent for the duration of the type of light source and light source and intensityDew, incandescent light exposure, halogen, etc.), to TV exposure (based on light type and flicker rate), user indoors or existOutdoor, time of day and position.In one embodiment, ultraviolet light detecting sensors can be by being driven to the reverse bias of photodetectorLED emitter forms.For example, thus detector generate photoelectric current feature can be measure LED capacitance (or substituteGround, parallel capacitance) electric discharge the time it takes.

All optical sensors discussed herein can combine other sensors using to improve data as described aboveDetection or detection to strengthen other types of physiology or environmental data.

In the case where biometric monitoring arrangement includes audio or passive acoustic sensor, device can contain one or morePassive acoustic sensor detects sound and pressure and may include, but are not limited to microphone, piezoelectric film etc..Acoustic sensor can pacifyIt puts on one or more sides of device, comprising touching or towards the side (skin side) of skin and the side (ring of Environment OrientedBorder side).

Skin side acoustics or audio sensor can detect any kind of sound sent out via body, and these sensorsCan by optimize these sensors noise when the array of both power consumptions or pattern and arrange.These sensors, which can detect, exhalesInhale (for example, by listening attentively to lung), Breathiness (for example, breathing, snoring) and problem (for example, sleep apnea, etc.), heart rateThe voice of (listening attentively to heartbeat), user (via the sound sent out from vocal cords by body).

The biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention also may include skin electroresponse (GSR) circuit to measure the skin pair of userThe response of mood and physical stimulation or physiological change (for example, transformation of sleep stage).In some embodiments, biometric is supervisedView apparatus can be wrist or Shou Bei An Installed formula devices, be incorporated to the belt made of conductive rubber or fabric so that skin pricktest is rungAnswer electrode that can be hidden in belt.Because skin pricktest response circuit can suffer from changing temperature and environmental condition,It also may include realizing the circuit calibrated automatically, such as two or two with application on human skin/electrode path in parallel or seriesChangeable reference resistor above allows the real-time response measured to characterize skin pricktest response circuit to known resistance device.Reference resistor can be switched on and off in measuring route so that can be independently and/or with the resistance of application on human skin simultaneously to itIt measures.

For performing the circuit of PPG

PPG circuits can be optimized to obtain best quality signal, and independent of a variety of environmental conditions, including but not limited to fortuneDynamic, ambient light and the colour of skin.Circuits below and technology can be used to perform this optimization (see Figure 16 A to 16J)；

Sampling and holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier available for PPG sensings.Output signal is with reference to givenVoltage it is current between previous sample through amplify it is poor.

To in the controlled current source of the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " electric current.This allows to amplify in transimpedanceLarger gain is applied at device grade.

For being applied to the sampling of the current feedback of photodiode (before transimpedance amplifier) and holding circuit.This can be used for ambient light removal or " biasing " electric current to remove or as pseudo-differential amplifier (may need double track).

There is difference/instrument amplifier that ambient light is eliminated.

Compensate the photodiode by the DAC electric currents dynamically generated.

Compensate the photodiode of electric current dynamically generated by controlled voltage source.

The ambient light of " switched capacitor " method of use removes.

Compensate the photoelectricity two of electric current (can also be completed by constant voltage source and resistor) generated by constant current sourcePole pipe.

Differencing between ambient light removal and continuous sample.

Differencing between ambient light removal and continuous sample.

Figure 16 A illustrate the sampling that can be used for PPG sensings and the signal of the example of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifierFigure.Output signal in such circuit can be with reference to poor through amplifying between the current sample of given voltage and previous sample.

Figure 16 B explanations are using controlled current source come in the PPG sensors of the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " electric currentCircuit example schematic.This allows to apply larger gain at transimpedance amplifier grade.

Figure 16 C illustrate to be used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance for the use sampling of PPG sensors and holding circuitBefore anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.This circuit can be used for ambient light removal or " biasing " electric currentIt removes or as pseudo-differential amplifier.

Figure 16 D illustrate the electricity that there is the use for PPG sensors ambient light to eliminate functional difference/instrument amplifierThe example schematic on road.

Figure 16 E illustrate the circuit using photodiode compensation by the DAC electric currents dynamically generated for PPG sensorsExample schematic.

Figure 16 F illustrate the electricity dynamically generated by controlled voltage source using photodiode compensation for PPG sensorsThe example schematic of the circuit of stream.

It is functional that Figure 16 G illustrate that the ambient light comprising " switched capacitor " method of use for PPG sensors removesThe example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 H illustrate the electric current generated for PPG sensors using photodiode compensation by constant current source (this and alsoConstant voltage source and resistor can be used to complete) circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 I illustrate the differencing removed comprising ambient light between functional and continuous sample for PPG sensorsThe example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 J illustrate the example schematic of the circuit for the differencing between ambient light removal and continuous sample.

It is discussed in greater detail and is related in No. 61/946,439 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed on 2 28th, 2014Using the various circuits and concept of the heart rate measurement of PPG sensors, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously in " related applicationThe cross reference of case " is incorporated by reference in part, and relative to the heart rate measurement and use carried out with PPG sensorsIn performing such measurement (for example) to compensate the content of the circuit of sensor saturation, ambient light and the colour of skin, method and system againIt is herein incorporated by reference.

Biometric is fed back

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can provide a user feedback based on one or more biometric signals.In one embodiment, PPG signals can be as real-time or near real-time waveform on the display of biometric monitoring arrangement(or on the display of auxiliary device to communicate with the biometric monitoring arrangement) is presented to the user.This waveform can provide withThe similar feedback of the waveform that is shown on ECG or EKG machines.Except provide a user can be used to estimate various cardiac measures (for example,Heart rate) PPG signals instruction except, the waveform may also provide feedback, and the feedback may be such that user can optimize its pendantWear position and the pressure of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, waveform can be seen with short arc in user.In response to this, useFamily can attempt to for the position of biometric monitoring arrangement to be moved to the different location for providing higher amplitudes signal.In some embodiment partyIn case, based on these instructions, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide instructions to user with mobile or adjustment biometric monitoring dressThe collocation degree put is to improve signal quality.

In another embodiment, the matter about PPG signals can be provided a user via the method different from display waveformThe feedback of amount.If signal quality (such as signal-to-noise ratio) is more than a certain threshold value, then biometric monitoring arrangement can send out the sense of hearingIt alarms (such as buzzer).Visual cues (for example, via display is used) can be supplied to user by biometric monitoring arrangementTo change the position of sensor and/or increase the pressure of wearable device (for example, passing through in the case where device is worn in wristTense wrist strap).

The sensor that can be directed to different from PPG sensors provides biometric feedback.For example, if device usesECG, EMG are connected to the device for performing any one of these, then it can be provided a user about from those sensorsWaveform feedback.If the signal-to-noise ratio of these sensors is low or signal quality is damaged due to other reasons, then may indicate that useFamily its how can improve the signal.For example, if heart rate cannot be detected from ECG sensor, then device can toFamily provides visual message, indicates its wetting or gets ECG electrode wet to improve signal.

Environmental sensor

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be used one in following environmental sensor, someOr environmental data is for example all obtained, include the environmental data summarized in the following table.These biometric monitoring arrangements are unlimitedIn the number or type of sensor as specified below, and the other sensors of environmental data for obtaining and being summarized in following table can be used.All combinations of environmental sensor and/or environmental data and arrangement is set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, device can be from rightInductive sensing device output data export environmental data, but be not limited to its can derived from the sensor environmental data type.

It is worth noting that, environmentally sensitive as described herein can be used in the embodiment of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present inventionOne or more of device or one or more of biosensor whole and as described herein are whole.In fact, the present inventionBiometric monitoring arrangement can be used any sensor currently known or develop later obtain environmental data as described herein andAny one of physiological data is whole, all set to fall within the scope of the present invention.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include for example being placed in or the height inside crust of the deviceSpend flowmeter sensor.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C；Figure 12 C explanations are with biosensor, environmental sensor and are connected to processingThe example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the position sensor of device).In the case, crust of the device can have ventilationMouthful, allow device internal measurement, detection, sampling and/or any change for undergoing external pressure.In one embodiment, lead toAir port can prevent water from entering device, while promote the change via altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressure.It liftsFor example, the outer surface of biometric monitoring arrangement may include ventilation opening type configuration or framework (for example, Gore^TMVentilation opening),It allows surrounding air to move in and out the shell of device, and (it allows altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressureChange), but reduce, prevent and/or minimize water and other liquid flows are moved in the shell of device.

In one embodiment, height flowmeter sensor can be with gel-filled, and the gel allows sensor to undergo in gelExcept pressure change.Gel may act as relatively impermeable, incompressible and flexible diaphragm, and external pressure is changedIt is emitted to altimeter and is physically separated altimeter (and other internal components) and external environment simultaneously.Use gel-filled altimeterThe environmental protection of higher level can be provided to device in the case where using or sealing ventilation opening without using environment.Device can be solidifyingGlue packed height meter, which is in, to be had including but not limited in the case of in the position of following position compared with high viability(survivability rate)：Position, washing machine, dish-washing machine, dryer, vaporium or sauna chamber, leaching with high humilityAny position that bath, pond, bathtub and device are likely to be exposed at moisture, are exposed to liquid or are immersed in liquid.

Sensor integration/signal processing

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be used from two or more sensorsData come calculate as the correspondence physiology seen in following table or environmental data (for example, can use in combination from two or two withThe data of upper sensor determine the measurement for the measurement being for example listed herein below).Biometric monitoring arrangement may include, but are not limited toNumber, type or the combination of sensor as specified below.In addition, these biometric monitoring arrangements can be combined from respective sensorThe included data of export, but be not limited to that the number or type of data calculated can be combined from respective sensor.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement also may include near-field communication (NFC) receiver/transmitter to examineMeasure the proximity of another device such as mobile phone.When make biometric monitoring arrangement close to second device or reach withDuring the detectable degree of approach of second device, can trigger start in second device it is new functionalized (for example, start mobile phone on" application program " and make the physiological data radio synchronization from described device to second device).(see for example, Figure 10).It is realOn border, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can implement U.S. provisional patent application cases 61/ filed in 5 days March in 2012606,559 (" near field communication system and its operating method (Near Field Communication System, and MethodOf Operating Same) ", inventor：James Parker (James Park), content is for this this purpose to quoteMode is incorporated herein) described in and/or the circuit of explanation and any one of technology.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarilyVehicle application program can show the step of bicycle speed and/or pedal and other measurements.Whenever biometric monitoring arrangementWhen being marked close to passive or active NFC, the application program can be started.This NFC marks the handlebar that could attach to user.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include that position sensor (for example, GPS circuitry) and heart rate passSensor (for example, photoelectricity volume diagram circuit) to generate GPS or location dependent data and heart rate related data respectively.(see, for example,Figure 12 B and 12C).Biometric monitoring arrangement can then merge, handle and/or combine the number from the two sensor/circuitsAccording to this for example according to physiological data (for example, heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie are taken in) to determine, phasePass and/or " mapping " geographic region.By this method, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can recognize that, increases or reduces measurable user metricThe geographic region of (being taken in including but not limited to heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie).

Additionally or alternatively, GPS related datas and photoelectricity volume can be used in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangementFigure related data (it is worth noting that, each of which person is regarded as data flow) come according to activity level (for example, such as passing throughAcceleration, speed, position and/or the travel distance (such as measured by GPS and/or determined from GPS related datas) of user is come reallyIt is fixed) it determines the heart rate of user or makes its correlation.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C).Herein, in one embodiment, it can be directed to and useThe heart rate or the data that family " plotting " becomes with speed can be analyzed to different level, including but not limited to sleep, tranquillization, longSeat, moderately active, activity and high activity.

In fact, some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can also make GPS related datas and predetermined geographic locality (toolHave the activity associated there for one group of predetermined condition) database it is related.For example, activity determines and corresponds to physiologyClassification (for example, heart rate classification) may include making the GPS coordinates of user (to correspond to exercise device, health club and/or gymnasiumPosition) it is related to physiological data.In these cases, it can automatically measure and be shown in the use during such as gymnasium body-buildingFamily heart rate.It is worth noting that, many physiological classifications can be based on GPS related datas, comprising position, acceleration, height above sea level, away fromFrom and/or speed.Such database includes geodata, and compileable, physiology data and/or stores it in biometerIt measures on monitoring arrangement and/or external computing device.In fact, in one embodiment, the user creatable positional number of its ownAccording to library or addition or location revision database with its activity of preferably classifying.

In another embodiment, user can wear multiple biometric monitoring arrangements simultaneously (has feature as described hereinAny one of).Wired or wireless circuit can be used to communicate with one another or filled with long-range for the biometric monitoring arrangement of this embodimentCommunication is put, is for example likely difficult to calculate or calculate inaccurate biometric or physiology quality or amount in other ways to calculate,Such as pulsation conduction time.The use of multiple sensors, which can also improve the accuracy of biometric measurement and/or accuracy, makes itAccuracy and/or accuracy better than single sensor.For example, on waist, wrist and ankle have biometric withTrack device can improve the detection taken a step to user (compared with the situation of the single device only in one of those positions).It can be withDistributed or centralized approach performs signal processing in biometric tracks of device and has with situation about providing compared with single deviceImprovedd measurement.It can also remotely perform this signal processing and convey after the treatment and return to biometric tracks of device.

In another embodiment, it can make heart rate or other biometric datas are related to the food daily record of user (user takes the photographFood, its nutritional contents and its partial daily record taken).Food journal entries can automatically key in food daily record or can be by userItself via with biometric monitoring arrangement (or the auxiliary or remote-control device to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as intelligentlyPhone or some the other devices to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as server) interaction and key in.About userThe information that body reacts the biometric that one or more foods input can be presented to the user.For example, if user drinks coffeeCoffee, then its heart rate may thus rise due to coffee.In another example, if user feeds the larger portion of food at dead of nightPoint, then it may take longer for falling asleep than usual.Food in biometric inputs any group with corresponding resultConjunction is incorporated into such reponse system.

Food intake data and biometric data merge some embodiments that also may be such that biometric monitoring arrangementThe glucose level of user can be estimated.This may be particularly useful for suffering from the user of diabetes.By being related to PortugalThe activity (such as walking, running, caloric burn) of grape sugar level and user and the algorithm of nutrition intake, biometric monitoring dressPutting can suggest when it may have abnormal blood glucose level to user.

Handle task delegation

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement may include one or more processors.For example, stand-alone utilityProcessor can be used to store and perform using (processing is passed from physiology, environment and/or activity by one or more sensor processorsThe processor of the data of sensor) obtain and processing sensing data application program.There are the feelings of multiple sensors whereinUnder condition, it is also possible to which there are multiple sensor processors.Application processor, which can also have, is directly connected to its sensor.It passesSensor can be used as independent discrete chip to exist or be present in identical encapsulated chip (multi-core) with application processor.DressSingle application processor or application processor and sensor processor or the processing of multiple application programs can be had by puttingDevice and sensor processor.

In one embodiment, sensor processor can be placed in the daughter board being made of all simulated assemblies(daughterboard) on.This plate, which can have, is commonly found in some in the electronic device on main PCB, such as, but not limited to acrossImpedance amplifier, filter circuit, horizontal shift device, sampling and holding circuit and micro controller unit.Such permissible son of configurationCard is via using number to connect and non-analog connection (in addition to any necessary electric power or grounding connection) is connected to masterPCB.Number connection can have the advantages that better than simulation daughter board connected to main PCB it is a variety of, including but not limited to noise reductionAnd the reduction of necessary cable number.Daughter board can be connected to mainboard via flexible cable or one group of conducting wire is used.

Multiple application programs are storable in application processor.Application program can by be used for the application programActuating code and data composition, but it is not limited to these.Data can be as the figure or other information group needed for performing the application programInto, and it can be to be exported by the information that application program generates.It can be all resident for both the executable code of application program and dataIt can be stored in application processor (or the memory being incorporated in) or for the data of application program from external memoryAnd retrieval.External memory may include, but are not limited to nand flash memory, NOR flash memory, the flash memory on another processor, other solid-states and depositStorage device, machinery or optical disc, RAM, etc..

It is also storable in external memory for the executable code of application program.It is held when application processor receivesDuring the request of row application program, the application processor can be retrieved from external memory executable code and/or data andPerform the executable code and/or data.The executable code can temporarily or permanently be stored in depositing for application processorOn reservoir or storage device.This allows application program that next perform is answered to ask and more quickly perform, because eliminating retrieval stepSuddenly.When asking executing application, application processor can retrieve all executable codes or executable code of application programPart.In the latter case, it only retrieves in the executable code part needed at that time.This allows to perform than application program processingThe big application program of the memory or storage device of device.

Application processor can also have memory protection feature to prevent application program overriding, destruction, interrupt, blockingOr other components of other application program, sensing system, application processor or system are interfered in other ways.

Application program can be via a variety of wired, wireless, optics or capacitance mechanism (including but not limited to USB, Wi-Fi, indigo plantTooth, bluetooth low energy, NFC, RFID, purple honeybee) it is loaded on application processor and/or any external memory.

Application program is also signed to available electron encrypted signature.Application program can be performed limitation by application processorIn with those people correctly to sign.

The system integration in biometric monitoring arrangement

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, in biometric monitoring arrangement or some sensors or electricitySubsystem can integrate or can share component or resource each other.For example, for the photoelectric detector (example of optics heart rate sensorIt such as can be used on 2 28th, 2014 No. 61/946,439 U.S. for applying and being previously incorporated herein by reference interimIn the heart rate sensor discussed in patent application case), the photoelectric detector for determining ambient light level is can also act as, such asIt can be used to influence of the correction ambient light to heart rate sensor reading.For example, if light source for such heart rate detectorTurn off, then the light measured by the photoelectric detector may indicate that the amount of existing ambient light.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, such as optics heart rate can be used in biometric monitoring arrangementThe vehicle-mounted optical sensor such as the component in monitor is configured or is communicated.For example, optics heart rate sensor (or,If it does, ambient light sensor) photoelectric detector can also act as optical emitting channel (such as infrared communication)Receiver.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, it may include hybrid antenna, a combination thereof radio-frequency antenna (such asBluetooth antenna or GPS antenna) and inductive loop (such as available in near-field communication (NFC) label or inductive charging system).HereinIn a little embodiments, the functionality of two different systems may be provided in an integrated system, so as to save encapsulation volume.HereinIn class hybrid antenna, inductive loop can be placed to the radiator close proximity to inverted-F antenna.The inductive loop can be inductivelyIt couples with radiator, so as to which the inductive loop be allowed to serve as the flat elements of antenna for radio frequency purpose, thus is formed for example flatSmooth inverted-F antenna.Meanwhile inductive loop can also serve its normal function, such as via the electromagnetic field with being generated by NFC readerInductive coupling and provide electric current to NFC chip.The example of these hybrid antenna systems was discussed in more detail in March, 2014In 61/948th, No. 470 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed in 5 days, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously " to phaseThe cross reference of pass application case " is incorporated herein by reference and in part again hereby about at hybrid antenna structureThe content pointed out and be herein incorporated by reference.Certainly, these hybrid antennas can also be used to be different from biometric monitoring arrangementOther electronic devices in, and such non-biometric monitoring arrangement use of hybrid antenna is covered within the scope of the invention.

The method of wearable device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may include shell, and size and shape promotion monitor biometricDevice in the body that user is fixed to during normal operation, wherein described device when being coupled to user immeasurably or significantlyGround influences the activity of user.The biometric monitoring arrangement may depend on the specific biography being integrated into biometric monitoring arrangementSensor encapsulates and user wears the data of desired acquisition in different ways.

User can be by using belt (its for flexible and be thus easily fitted to user) and by the biometer of the present inventionSome embodiments of amount monitoring arrangement are worn on its wrist or ankle (or arm or leg).The belt can have adjustable full circleWeek, therefore it is allowed to be fitted to user.The material construction that the belt is shunk when can be by being exposed to heat forms, therefore allows userEstablish the adaptation of customization.The belt can be dismantled from " electronic device " part of biometric monitoring arrangement and when necessary can be moreIt changes.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be made of two primary clusterings：Main body (contains " electronics devicePart ") and belt (promotion attaches a device to user).The main body may include shell (such as by plastics or plastic-like material systemInto) and from main body protrude extension protruding portion (such as being made of metal or metal-like material).(see for example, Fig. 2 C to 3C).InstituteStating belt (such as being made of thermoplasticity amido formate) can for example mechanically or adherent fashion is attached to body.The bandSon can extend a part from the circumference of user's wrist.It the distal end of amido formate belt can be with Velcro or shackle elastic fabricBelt (on side encompasses D-ring and is then attached and return to itself) connection.In this embodiment, closing means allow to useFamily ad infinitum carries out belt length adjustment (be different from index hole and mechanical snap is closed).Velcro or elastic fabric can allowIt is replaced (if for example, it is worn or undesirably wear in other ways before the useful end of life of deviceWear) mode be attached to belt.In one embodiment, Velcro or fabric can pass through screw or rivet and/or glue, bondingAgent and/or buckle are attached to belt.

The present invention biometric monitoring arrangement embodiment can also be integrated into and be worn on necklace, chest strap, brassiere, adhesionIn property sticking patch, glass, earing or toestraps of yacht (toe band).These biometric monitoring arrangements can be built-in as follows：It passesThe part of sensor encapsulation/biometric monitoring arrangement is removable and can be including but not limited to those listed above modeAny number of mode wear.

In another embodiment, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can clip to dress through wearingOr it is stored in clothes (for example, pocket) or ornament (for example, handbag, knapsack, wallet).Because these biometrics monitorDevice, so in the embodiment comprising heart rate measurement, manually can be put device by user not close to the skin of userIn AD HOC (for example, by press lower button, with finger tip cover capacitive touch sensor, etc., may have be embedded in byHeart rate sensor in button/sensor) and in discrete, " on demand " context or automatically (once device is placed on by userOn skin (for example, finger is applied to optics heart rate sensor)) it is measured.

With the user interface of device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may include allowing locally or remotely interacting with deviceThe functionality of one or more methods.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can convey data via digital display with visual manner.ThisAny one or more display technologies can be used in the physical embodiments of display, including but not limited to one or more in the followingPerson：LED, LCD, AMOLED, electric ink, clear display technology, graphic alphanumeric display and other display technologies, such as TN, HTN,STN, FSTN, TFT, IPS and OLET.This display can be illustrated on device locally obtain or storage data or can show fromThe data that other devices or Internet service remotely obtain.Sensor can be used (for example, ambient light passes in biometric monitoring arrangementSensor " ALS ") control or adjust the amount of screen backlight (if using backlight).For example, in poorly lit situation, displayDevice adjustable dark is to save battery life, and in bright lighting context, display brightness can increase so that its be easier byUser reads.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used it is monochromatic or it is multi-colored led come instruction device state.It is rawThe state of LED indication can be used to can include but not limited to, for example, the biometrics such as heart rate state or for example pass for object metering monitoring arrangementEnter message or reach the Application Status of target etc..These states can be opened or closed by the color of LED, LED (or in centreIntensity), the pulse (and/or its rate) of LED and/or luminous intensity pattern from being completely turned off maximum brightness indicate.OneIn a embodiment, stages of LED available subscribers hearts rate and frequency modulate its intensity and/or color.

In some embodiments, display is allowed to remain up and without nonreflective display using electronic ink displayThe battery drain of device.This " normally opened " functionality can (wherein user can simply sweep biometric in such as wrist-watch application programMonitoring arrangement is to see the time) in the case of pleasant user experience is provided.Electronic ink display shows content alwaysBattery life without including device, so as to which user be allowed to see the time (as it on conventional wristwatch).

The light such as LED can be used to show that the heart rate of user (passes through in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangementModulate the amplitude of light sent out with the frequency of user's heart rate).Described device can via LED color (for example, green, red) orThe a succession of LED (for example, progress bar) lighted according to the change of heart rate come describe heart rate area (for example, aerobic, anaerobism,Deng).Biometric monitoring arrangement can integrate or be incorporated into such as glass or goggles another device or structure in or and glassOr goggles communication with by this presentation of information to user.

Information can be also communicated to user by some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement via the physical motion of device.ObjectOne such embodiment of the method for reason ground mobile device is to induce motor using vibration.Device can individually or jointly it is multiple itsIts exercise induced technology uses the method.

In some embodiments, information can be communicated to user by biometric monitoring arrangement via audible feedback.CitingFor, the loud speaker in biometric monitoring arrangement can convey letter via audio tones, voice, song or other sound is usedBreath.

In the various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, these three information communicating methods (vision, movement and the sense of hearing) can be individually or with each other or any combinations of another method for conveying of any one or more following information being conveyed to makeWith：

● user needs to wake up in specific time

● user should wake up when a certain sleep stage at which

● user should sometime fall asleep

● user should delimit in a certain sleep stage and in the earliest and latest time intended to wake up by user at whichPreselected time window in when wake up.

● receive Email

● user is inactive up to the sometime period.It is worth noting that, this can with such as calendar of conference or sleep withThe other application program of track application program integrates the behavior to plan, simplify or adjust inactive prompting.

● activity reaches the sometime period to user

● user has appointment or calendar event

● user has reached a certain activity metric

● user has walked about a certain distance

● user has reached a certain mileage

● user has reached a certain speed

● user has been accumulated up to a certain height above sea level

● user has walked a certain step number

● user has carried out heart rate measurement recently

● user's heart rate has reached certain level

● user has for particular value or normal, the movable or resting heart rate in particular range

● the heart rate of user has been enter into or exits a certain target zone or training center

● user has new heart rate " area " target to be reached, living to be directed to running, cycling, swimming etc. in said caseMove the heart rate area of training

● user has swum an one way or one way that a certain number is completed in pond

● external device (ED) has any for needing to be communicated in the information of user, such as incoming call or more promptingPerson

● user has reached a certain tired target or the limit.In one embodiment, can via heart rate, skin electroresponse,The combination of motion sensor and/or breath data determines fatigue

There is provided these examples and be in order to illustrate and be not intended to limitation can be by these embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangementConvey the range of the information of (for example, to user).Note that determine whether that the data for meeting alert condition can be from first deviceAnd/or one or more auxiliary devices obtain.Biometric monitoring arrangement itself can be determined whether to have met the criterion for promptingOr condition.Alternatively, the computing device (for example, server and/or mobile phone) to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement can determineWhen should remind.In view of of the invention, those skilled in the art can be envisaged that biometric monitoring arrangement can be communicated to useThe other information at family.For example, when having met target, biometric monitoring arrangement can communicate with user.Meet this targetCriterion can be based on the environmental sensor on physiology, context and first device and/or its from one or more auxiliary devicesIts sensing data.It can be set by the user or can lead to by biometric monitoring arrangement itself and/or with biometric monitoring arrangementAnother computing device (for example, server) setting target of letter.In an example embodiment, when meeting biometric target,Biometric monitoring arrangement can vibrate.

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be equipped with wireless and/or wire communication circuit with realityWhen on auxiliary device display data.For example, these biometric monitoring arrangements can via bluetooth low energy withMobile phone communications are to give the user heart rate, changes in heart rate and/or the Real-time Feedback of anxiety.These biometrics monitoring dress" moment " that user is breathed with the ad hoc fashion (such as by carrying out deep and slow respiration) of keeping tensions down can be trained or permit by putting.Anxiety can be quantified or come via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, motor activity data and/or the change of skin electroresponseIt is assessed.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can connect via one or more Local or Remote input methods from userReceive input.A sensor or one group of sensor can be used to turn the movement of user for one such embodiment of local user's inputTranslate the order of twin installation.These movement may include but can be not limited to touch by, rotation wrist, be bent one or more muscle and pendulumArm.Another user's input method can be via using button, such as, but not limited to capacitive touch button, capacitive screen buttonAnd mechanical button.In one embodiment, user interface buttons can be made of metal.Screen is examined using capacitance touch whereinIn the embodiment of survey, it can sample always and be ready to make a response without intervention event any posture or input, such asPush physical button.These biometric monitoring arrangements can also be via using voice command to be inputted.All these input sidesMethod can connect and these biometrics being locally integrated into biometric monitoring arrangement or being integrated into via wired or wirelessIn the remote-control device of monitoring arrangement communication.In addition, user is also possible to that biometric monitoring arrangement can be manipulated via remote-control device.In one embodiment, this remote-control device can have Internet Connectivity.

Alarm

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may act as wrist An Installed formulas vibration alarms to pacifyGeostationary user is waken up from sleep.These biometric monitoring arrangements can be via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, fortuneInnervation surveys one of (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer) and skin temperature or combines and track the sleep matter of userAmount, wake-up period, sleep delay, Sleep efficiency, sleep stage (for example, deep sleep and REM) and/or other sleep degrees of correlationAmount.User may specify required time of fire alarming or time window (for example, setting alarm sounds at 7 points in the morning and 8 a.m.).TheseOne or more of sleep measurement can be used to determine the Best Times in window annunciator to wake up user for embodiment.In an implementationIn example, when vibration alarm activity, user can by device, (it be for example via the motion-sensing in device by flopping or touchingDevice, pressure/force sensor and/or capacitive touch sensor and detect) and cause its retire or turn off.In one embodimentIn, device can start small vibration to attempt sleeping by the time at specific user's sleep stage or before alarm settingsThe best time in period wakes user.It can gradually increase vibration with user towards awakening or towards alarm settings progressIntensity or explicitly.(see for example, Fig. 8).

Fig. 8 illustrated examples portable biometric measures the functionality of monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm feature.Biometric monitoring dressIt puts the device of the sleep stage that can detect detectable user or state (for example, shallow or deep sleep) or can lead to described deviceLetter.User, which can set it, will wish the time window waken up (for example, the morning 6:15 to the morning 6:45).Intelligent alarm can be existed by userEnter sleeping state during window annunciator and trigger.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured the alarm vibration mode user to be allowed to select or create its selection.UserIt " can doze off " or delayed alarm event.In one embodiment, user can set the delay for " dozing off " featureAmount：The delay is to alarm the time quantum before sounding again.It, which is also possible to can to set every alarm cycle and can activate, beatsThe number of doze feature.For example, doze off delay and the continuous number of dozing off of maximum for 3 of 5 minutes may be selected in user.Therefore,Its pressable doze off 3 times with when pressing is dozed off with delayed alarm every time for it by presignal delay 5 minutes.In these embodiments,It dozes off the 4th time if user attempts pressing, function of dozing off will not turn off alarm.

Some biometric monitoring arrangements can have about the calendar of user and/or the information of scheduling.The calendar letter of userBreath, which can directly key in biometric monitoring arrangement or its, to be downloaded from different device (such as smart phone).This information can be used to certainlyAlarm or alarm characteristic are set dynamicly.For example, if user will have a meeting for 9 points in the morning, then biometric monitoring arrangementIt can be automatically in the morning 7:30 wake up users so that user to be allowed to have enough time to prepare and/or reach meeting.Biometric monitorsDevice can the current location based on user, meeting position and from the current location of user reach meeting position by spend whenThe area of a room determines the time quantum needed for user's preliminary conference.It reaches conference location alternatively, can be used about user and/or preparesHair goes to the history number of meeting the time it takes the time it takes such as (for example, its) waking up, have a shower in the morning, having breakfastAccording to come determine when wake up user.Similar functionality can be used for the calendar event different from meeting, such as when eating time, sleepBetween, nap time and exercise time.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used wants the information when fallen asleep to determine about userWhen alarm should sound to wake up user.This information can supplement calendar information as described herein.User can have it every night orThe target of desirable hourage of substantially sleeping weekly.Biometric monitoring arrangement can by morning alarm settings in appropriate time withUser is made to meet these sleep targets.In addition to user is in desirable sleeping time amount every night, user can also set otherSleep target may include, but are not limited to user deep sleep, REM sleep and hypohyphnotic amount for undergoing in sleep, it is all these canAlarm when is set in the morning to determining by biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, can night prompting user its when should onBed sleeps to meet its target of sleeping.In addition, it can remind user when it should take a nap to meet its target of sleeping in the daytime.It remindsIts time that should take a nap of user can be by optimizing the factor of sleep quality of the user during nap, follow-up nap or nighttime sleepTo determine.For example, if user takes a nap in the morning, then user may have the rigid time fallen asleep at night.May be used alsoIt is recommended that user eats certain foods or beverage or avoids certain foods or beverage to optimize its sleep quality.For example, may notUser is encouraged to drink when close to its bedtime, because alcohol may be decreased its sleep quality.It can also suggest that user performs certainA little activities avoid certain activities from optimizing its sleep quality.For example, user may be encouraged to perform physical exercise to change in the afternoonIt is apt to its sleep quality.User may not be encouraged to perform physical exercise or see TV when close to its bedtime to improve its matter of sleepingAmount.

With the user interface of auxiliary device

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can by data and/or order be emitted to auxiliary electronic device and/Or receive data and/or order from auxiliary electronic device.Auxiliary electronic device can be monitored directly or indirectly with biometric and be filledPut communication.Direct communication in this article refers to data and emits between first device and auxiliary device without any intermediate dressIt puts.For example, two devices can communicate with one another via wireless connection (such as bluetooth) or wired connection (such as USB).IndirectlyCommunication refers to that (it relays the number to data by means of 3rd device among one or more between first device and auxiliary deviceAccording to) transmitting.3rd device may include, but are not limited to wireless repeater (for example, WiFi transponders), computing device, such as intelligentlyPhone, laptop computer, desktop or tablet computer, mobile phone tower, computer server and other networkings electronic device.For example, biometric device can transmit data to smart phone, and the smart phone connects via cellular network dataConnect the server for forwarding said data to and being connected to the cellular network via internet.

In some embodiments, the auxiliary device for acting as the user interface of biometric monitoring arrangement can be by smart phoneComposition.Application program on smart phone can promote and/or so that smart phone potentially acts as biometric monitoring arrangementUser interface.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be in real time or in the case of with some delays by biometric and other dataIt is sent to smart phone.Smart phone can be sent to life in real time or in the case of with some delays by one or more ordersObject measures monitoring arrangement for example to indicate that biometric and other data are sent to smart phone by it.For example, if withFamily enters the pattern that tracking is run in the application, then smart phone can send commands to biometric device to indicateIts transmission data in real time.Therefore, user can lingeringly track its running without any when it advances in its application program.

Such smart phone can have one or more application program to enable a user to examine from its biometric deviceDepending on data.The application program can acquiescently be opened to " instrument board " page when user starts or opens the application program.On this page, it can show such as total step number, climb number of floor levels, traveling mileage, the calory count to burn, the calorie consumedThe summary of the data amounts such as number and the water of consumption.Also it can show that other coherence messages, such as application program are monitored from biometricDevice receive data final time, about previous night sleep measurement (for example, when user falls asleep, wakes up and its sleepsTime) and user how many calorie can be fed on the day of with maintain its calorie of target (for example, realize weight-reducing calorie it is redWord target).User can select which of these and other measurement being illustrated on Dashboard screen.User can beThese and other measurement a few days ago is seen on instrument board.It can be accessed by pressing button on touch screen or iconA few days ago.Alternatively, the posture such as stirring to the left or to the right may be such that user being capable of the current and prior measurement of guide to visitors.

Smart phone application program can also have another page for the summary for providing User Activity.Activity may include but unlimitedIn walking, running, cycling, cook, be seated, work, swim, go on business, weight lifting, on and off duty and Yoga.It is concerned with these activitiesMeasurement can be presented on this page.For example, bar chart can show the step number (example that different piece of the user on the day of is walkedSuch as, how many step walked within every 5 minutes or every 1 hour).In another example, it can show what user spent on a certain activity is performedTime quantum and how many calorie that burnt in this time cycle.Similar to the instrument board page, application program can provide guide to visitors work(Can property with allow user check days past these and other measurement.Can also such as hour, minute, week, the moon be selected by userOr period other times such as year allows it to inspect the tendency and measurement of its activity in shorter or larger time span.

Smart phone application program can also have the interface to have eaten or be logged by the food eaten user.This connectsMouth can have keyword search feature wishes to key in the food in its daily record so that user to be allowed to rapidly find out it.As search foodAlternative solution or in addition to this, user can find out the food to be logged by by guide to visitors menu or a series of menusObject.For example, following serial classification may be selected in user：Breakfast/cereal/health/oatmeal wishes to be logged by reach itFood (for example, oatmeal of apple taste).At any one of these menus place, user can be able to carry out keyword and searchRope.For example, user can search for " oatmeal " to be searched in the classification of breakfast food after classification " breakfast " has been selectedKeyword " oatmeal ".After having selected it that will wish the food being logged by, user can change or to key in component bigSmall and nutrient content.After at least one food is logged by, application program can sometime period (for example, day)Show the summary of food being logged by and the food nutrient content (indivedual and whole calorie contents, vitamin content,Sugared content, etc.).

Smart phone application program can also have measurement of the display about user's body (for example, the weight of user, body fatFat percentage, BMI and waistline size) the page.It can show one or more of these measurements of displaying sometime allOne or more curves of trend in phase (for example, two weeks).When user can select the value of this time period and inspect previousBetween the period (for example, last month).

Smart phone application program, which can also have, allows user to key in the page that user has consumed how much water.Whenever user drinksDuring with some water, the amount can be keyed in by the unit (for example, ounce, cup, etc.) of its selection.Application program can show that user existsThe total amount of all water being sometime logged by the period (for example, one day).Application program allows user to check previouslyThe water bar mesh that is logged by and a few days ago and the daily amount on the same day.

Smart phone application program can also have the page of the online friend of display user.This " friend " page may be such that useNew friend (for example, by searching for its name or by its e-mail address) can be added or be asked in family.This page can also be shownShow the ranking list (leaderboard) of user and its friend.User and its friend can be based on one or more measurements and carry out ranking.It liftsFor example, the total step number that user and its friend be can be used over seven days carries out ranking.

Smart phone application program can also have page of the displaying about the measurement of the sleep at user's eve and/or former nightsFace.This page can further enable the user to when sleep by the way that it is specified when to go to bed and its when wake upIt is logged by.User may also be able to about its sleep subjective measure (for example, undesirable night's rest, good night's rest,Fabulous night's rest, etc.).User can inspect over these measurements of today or time cycle (for example, two weeks).CitingFor, the sleep page can give tacit consent to the bar chart that displaying user measures in the sleeping time at each night of nearest two weeks.User is also possible toEnough inspect the bar chart that user measures in the sleeping time at each night in nearest January.

User may also be able to access the complete energy of smart phone application program as described herein via replacement or additional interfacePower (for example, food daily record can be keyed in, inspect instrument board, etc.).In one embodiment, this alternative interfaces can be by group of webInto the webpage is by the trust server with biometric monitoring arrangement indirect communication.The webpage can be via any internetAttachment device is accessed using the program such as web browser.

Wireless connectivity and data transmitting

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention may include sending out from internet and/or other devicesPenetrate and receive the wireless communication component of information.Wireless communication can be by such as bluetooth, ANT, WLAN, power line networking and cell phone networkIt is formed Deng one or more interfaces.These are provided as example, and should not be construed as excluding other existing wireless communications methods or agreementOr the wireless communication technique or agreement not yet invented.

Wireless connection can be two-way.Its data can be emitted, conveyed and/or be pushed to other by biometric monitoring arrangementDevice, such as smart phone, computer, are waited and/or internet, such as network server etc..Biometric monitoring arrangement may be used also(pull) data are received, ask and/or pull from other devices and/or internet.

Biometric monitoring arrangement may act as to provide each other or providing for the communication of other devices arriving internetRepeater.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be connected to internet via WLAN and equipped with ANT radio.ANTDevice can communicate that its data is emitted to internet via the WLAN of biometric monitoring arrangement with biometric monitoring arrangement(and vice versa).As another example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with bluetooth.If the intelligence with Bluetooth functionPhone enters in the range of biometric monitoring arrangement, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be via the cell phone network of smart phoneIt transmits data to internet or receives data from internet.Data from another device can also be emitted to biometric monitoringDevice and store (or vice versa) or the time later emit.

The present invention biometric monitoring arrangement embodiment also may include for transmit as a stream or emit Web content withFor the functionality shown on biometric monitoring arrangement.The representative instance of content thus below：

1. the heart rate and/or the history curve of other data that are measured by device but remotely stored

2. measured by other devices and/or remotely stored the user of (for example, for example in the website of such as fitbit.com)Activity and/or the history curve of consumed food and/or dormant data

3. the history curve of other users tracking data remotely stored.Example includes heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, bloodSugar level, cholesterol, the duration for seeing TV, the duration of playing video game, mood, etc.

4. one in heart rate, Current body mass, weight targets, food intake, activity, sleep and other data based on userOr more persons training and/or diet data.

5. the user towards heart rate, weight, activity, sleep and/or other targets is in progress.

6. the summary statistics of aforementioned data, figure, badge and/or measurement (for example, " grade ") are described

7. between the aforementioned data of user and the similar data with similar device and/or its " friend " of trackingCompare

8. social content, such as push away special (Twitter) feeding, instant message and/or facebook (Facebook) update

9. other online contents, for example, it is newspaper article, constellation, weather report, RSS feedings, comic strip (comic), verticalHorizontal mosaic mystery, classified advertisement, stock report and website

10. email message and calendar plan table

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be delivered the content to according to different contexts.For example, in the morning, can together withThe dormant data in family eve shows news and weather report.At night, the daily general introduction of day's activities can be shown.

The various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement as herein disclosed also may include can be used to originate other devicesIn functional NFC, RFID or other short-distance wireless communication circuit.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped withNFC antenna so that when user make its with mobile phone close to when, application program automatically opens on the mobile phoneIt is dynamic.

These examples are provided for illustrating and being not intended to the range of data that limitation can be emitted by device, received or be shownOr any intermediate treatment occurred during can transmitting and show herein.In view of the present invention/application program, the technology people of fieldsMember is it is contemplated that many other examples of streamable or the data via the transmission of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Charging and data transmitting

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can be used wired connection come for internal rechargeable batteries charging and/Or transfer data to the host apparatus such as laptop computer or mobile phone.The reality more early discussed in similar to the present inventionIn the one embodiment for applying example, magnet can be used user to be helped to be directed at biometric monitoring arrangement in biometric monitoring arrangementTo pedestal or cable.Magnet in magnetic field and device itself of the magnet in pedestal or cable can strategically orient to forceBiometric monitoring arrangement and pedestal or cable (or more specifically, the connector on cable) autoregistration, and offer will be biologicalMetering monitoring arrangement keeps in the base or remains to the power of cable.Magnet also acts as emits purpose for charging or dataConductive junction point.In another embodiment, permanent magnet can be only used for pedestal or cable side rather than biometric monitoring arrangement certainlyBody.This can improve the performance of biometric monitoring arrangement in the case where biometric monitoring arrangement is using magnetometer.IfThere are magnets in biometric monitoring arrangement, then the high-intensity magnetic field of neighbouring permanent magnet may significantly to be more difficult to make magnetometer accurateReally measure the magnetic field of the earth.In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can utilize divalent iron material to replace magnet, and bottomMagnet on seat or cable side could attach to divalent iron material.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can contain one or more in biometric monitoring arrangement main bodyElectromagnet.Charger or pedestal for charging and data emit can also contain electromagnet and/or permanent magnet.Biometric monitorsDevice only can just connect its electromagnet when it is close to charger or pedestal.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be by using magnetic forceMeter searches the magnetic field signature of charger or the permanent magnet in pedestal and detects the degree of approach with pedestal or charger.It is alternatively, biologicalMeasure monitoring arrangement can by measure the wireless signal from charger or pedestal received signal strength indicator (RSSI) orIn some embodiments connecing for charger is detected by recognizing NFC associated with the charger or pedestal or RFID markerRecency.When device do not need to charge, synchronize or but its completed synchronous or when charging, electromagnet can be overturned, so as to generate from fillingCable or pedestal repel the power of described device.In some embodiments, charger or pedestal may include electromagnet, and can be through matching(for example, the processor in charger or pedestal can be configured via program instruction) is put in connection biometric monitoring arrangementElectromagnet is connected during for charging, and (electromagnet, which can generally remain, connects the biometric monitoring dress so that being placed on chargerPutting to be attracted due to electromagnet against charger or electromagnet can keep turning off until charger determines to monitor biometricDevice is placed on charger, such as is marked etc. via completing charging circuit, pick out NFC in biometric monitoring arrangement,And it is next turned on attracting biometric monitoring arrangement against charger.Charging complete (or data transmission complete, if chargingDevice is actually data transmission bracket or charger/data transmission bracket of combination) after, electromagnet can be turned off at once (temporarilyProperty or biometric monitoring arrangement is placed on charger until detecting again), and biometric monitoring arrangement can stopIt is only attracted against charger.In these embodiments, it may be necessary to orient between biometric monitoring arrangement and chargerInterface so that in the case of there is no the magnetic force generated by electromagnet, biometric monitoring arrangement will be fallen from charger orVisibly different position is displaced to (visually to indicate to the user that charging or data have transmitted from charge position in other waysInto).

Sensor in data transmission uses

In some embodiments, may include can be with different data emission rate and difference for biometric monitoring arrangementThe communication interface switched between two or more agreements of power consumption rate.This switching can be filled by being monitored from biometricThe data-driven that the various sensors put obtain.For example, if using bluetooth, then communication interface may be in response to based on nextFrom the data of the sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement make determine and using bluetooth basic rate/enhancing data rate(BR/EDR) switch between bluetooth low energy (BLE) agreement.For example, when the acceleration in biometric monitoring arrangementDegree meter sensing data instruction wearer fall asleep or in other ways sitting when, can be used lower-wattage, slower BLE associationView.In contrast, when the sensing data of the accelerometer in biometric monitoring arrangement instruction wearer is just sashayingWhen dynamic, higher-wattage, faster BR/EDR agreements can be used.This self-adapting data lift-off technology and functionality are discussed further inIn 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed in 5 days March in 2014, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are firstIt is preceding to be incorporated herein by reference in " to the cross reference of related application " part and again hereby about in biologyIt measures the content pointed out at the self-adapting data transfer rate in monitoring arrangement and is herein incorporated by reference.

These communication interfaces can also act as a form of sensor for biometric monitoring arrangement.For example,Wireless communication interface allows the number and class of device that biometric monitoring arrangement is determined in the range of wireless communication interfaceType.This data can be used to determine biometric monitoring arrangement whether in specific context, for example, indoors, in the car,Deng, and determined in response to this and change its behavior in various ways.For example, such as the 61/948th, No. 468 US provisional patentIt is discussed in application case (being above herein incorporated by reference), these contexts can be used to driving for the specific of wireless communicationThe selection of wireless communication protocol.

Configurable function of application

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may include wrist-watch sample form factor and/or bracelet,Arm is adornd or ankletbangle form factor, and is programmed with providing particular functionality and/or shows " application program " of specific information.It can lead toVarious ways are crossed (including but not limited to pressing button, the appearance detected using capacitive touch sensor, execution by accelerometer(thus gesture is moved to specific position by GPS or motion sensor senses or region, compression biological metering monitoring arrangement main bodyPortion generates the pressure signal that can be detected by the altimeter inside biometric monitoring arrangement in the device) or supervise biometricView apparatus is located relatively close to NFC labels associated with an application program or one group of application program to start or close using journeySequence.It can also be by certain environment or physiological condition (including but not limited to detecting high heart rate, detect water using humidity sensor(for example start swimming application program), some time of day (for example start sleep tracking application program at night), planeThe change of pressure and kinetic characteristic left or landed is to start and close " aircraft " pattern application program) it is opened automatically to triggerDynamic or closing application program.Also it can start by meeting multiple conditions simultaneously or close application program.For example, if plusSpeedometer detects that user is just running and user presses button, then biometric monitoring arrangement can start pedometer application journeySequence, altimeter data collect application program and/or display.Wherein accelerometer detect swimming and user pressing it is identical byIn the other case of button, swimming one way can be started and count application program.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can have what can be started by starting swimming application programSwimming tracing mode.In this mode, the motion sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement and/or magnetometer can be used to detection swimmingAppearance, classification stroke type, detection swimming one way and other calculations of correlation, for example, stroke efficiency, the one-way time, speed, distance andCaloric burn.Change to can be used to detect a variety of one way by the direction of magnetometer instruction and turn round method.In a preferred embodiment, comeThe data of autokinesis sensor and/or pressure sensor can be used to detection stroke.

It in another embodiment, can be by so mobile that approach on bicycle, positioned at certainly by biometric monitoring arrangementOn the bearing of driving or at position associated with bicycle (including but not limited to cycle frame or bicycle storing facility)In NFC or RFID marker and start cycling application program.(see for example, Figure 10).The application program started can be used and lead toIt commonly uses to determine including but not limited to the different calculation of the algorithm of the measurement of the calorie of burning, travel distance and the height above sea level of acquisitionMethod.Can also it detect wireless bicycle sensor (including but not limited to wheel detector, GPS, step sensor or powerMeter) when start application program.Biometric monitoring arrangement then can show and/or record from wireless bicycle sensor or fromThe data of driving sensor.

Additional application is controlled including but not limited to programmable or customizable watch face, stopping viewing, music playerDevice (for example, Mp 3 player, remote controler), text message and/or Email display or notifying device, navigation guide needle, voluntarilyVehicle computer display (when communicate with independent or integrated form GPS device, wheel detector or during power meter), weight lifting tracker,Sit-ups tracker, chin-up tracker, resistance exercise form/body-building tracker, golf amplitude of oscillation analyzer, tennis(or other racket sports) amplitude of oscillation/service analyser, tennis game amplitude of oscillation detector, baseball amplitude of oscillation analyzer, analysis of deliveringDevice (for example, football, baseball), in a organized way physical activity intensity tracker (for example, football, baseball, basketball, tennis, rugby),Disk analyzer is thrown, analyte detection device is bitten, is typewriting analyzer, inclination sensor, sleep quality tracker, alarm clock, pressure gauge, tightOpen/loosen biofeedback game and (provide the sense of hearing and/or visual cues for example, potentially combining with the training use in relaxation trainingFamily breathing mobile phone), tracker of brushing teeth, feed rate tracker (for example, count or tracking utensil enter the mouth with carry outThe rate of material object intake and duration), operating motor vehicles are drunk or adaptability indicator via heart rate, heart rate (for example, becomeChange, gait analysis, is riddled, etc. at skin electroresponse), allergy tracker is (for example, using skin electroresponse, heart rate, skin temperatureDegree, pollen sensing etc. (may combine the external seasonal allergic original tracking from such as internet and may determine user coupleThe response of the anaphylactogen (for example, pollen) of particular form and the presence for reminding these anaphylactogens of user, such as believe from seasonalityHome environment sensor in breath, pollen track database or biometric monitoring arrangement or being used by user), fever withTrack device (for example, measuring risk, breaking-out or the progress of fever, flu or Other diseases, may combine Seasonal Data, disease numberAccording to library, user location and/or user provide feedback come about user assess specified disease (for example, influenza) diffusion and canCan in response and point out or suggest work or activity restraining), electronic game, caffeine influence tracker (for example, monitoring exampleSuch as heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, blood pressure, anxiety, sleep and/or to coffee, tea, energy drinkAnd/or the activity in the short-term or long-term response of intake or the restraining of other beverages containing caffeine), drug influence tracker(whether it is medical treatment or lifestyle drug for example, similar to previously mentioned caffeine tracker but about other interventions,Such as alcohol, tobacco etc.), endurance exercise training (for example, recommend or point out that intensity, duration or running/cycling/swimming are good forThe overview of body or the restraining or delay for suggesting body-building, the target specified according to user, such as marathon, iron-man triathlon or utilizationFrom such as history exercise activity (for example, run distance, stride), heart rate, changes in heart rate, health/disease/anxiety/fever shapeThe target of the data customization of state), weight and/or body composition, blood glucose, food intake or calorie balance tracker (for example, toUser notifies it that can consume how many calorie to maintain or realize certain weight), pedometer and fingernail biting detector.In some feelingsUnder condition, application program can only rely upon the processing power and sensor of the present invention.In other cases, application program can merge orOnly display comes from an external device (ED) or one group of external device (ED) (including but not limited to heart rate bandage, GPS range tracking elements, body groupInto meter (body composition scale), blood pressure monitor, blood glucose monitor, wrist-watch, smartwatch, such as smart phoneOr the mobile communications devices such as tablet computer or server) information.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can control the music player on auxiliary device.It is controllableThe aspect of music player is including but not limited to the selection of volume, song and/or playlist, F.F. or retreats (skippingForward or backward), song fast forward or rewinding, the speed of song and music player balanced device.It can be throughIt is inputted by user or music player is automatically controlled based on physiology, environment or context data.For example, user canBy song being selected to select and play the song on its smart phone via the user interface on biometric monitoring arrangement.In another example, the activity level that biometric monitoring arrangement can be based on user is (from biometric monitoring arrangement sensing dataCalculate the activity level) automatically select appropriate song.This can be used to help that user is excited to maintain a certain activity level.CitingFor, if user persistently runs and wants its heart rate being maintained in a certain range, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be broadcastPut cheerful and light-hearted or fair speed song (if the heart rate of user is less than its target zone).

Pass through the automatic function of the activity-triggered of user

Sleep stage Trigger Function

It can monitor that sleep stage, such as heart rate, heart rate become via various biometric signals disclosed herein and methodChange, body temperature, body kinematics, ambient light intensity, ambient noise level etc..Optical sensor, motion sensor (acceleration can be usedMeter, gyro sensor, etc.), microphone and thermometer and other sensors (for example) discussed herein measure theseBiometric.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also have communication module, including but not limited to Wi-Fi (802.xx), bluetooth (it is classical,Low-power) or NFC.Once estimate sleep stage, you can sleep stage is emitted to and is wirelessly connected to that there is communicationCloud system, home server or the main control unit of the electrical equipment (passing through Wi-Fi, bluetooth or NFC) of function.It is alternatively, biologicalMeasuring monitoring arrangement can be with the electrical equipment direct communication with communication function.These electrical equipments with communication function can wrapContaining such as kitchen electrical equipment, such as micro-wave oven, coffee grinder/maker, oven etc..

Once the time that sleep stage instruction is waken up close to user, biometric monitoring arrangement can send out triggering item and arriveUser has indicated that the electrical equipment that should be automatically brought into operation.For example, coffee grinder and maker can be caused to start from coffee,And oven can be made to begin to warm up bread.Micro-wave oven can also be caused to start to cook oatmeal or egg, and electric kettle starts to heat up water.As long as properly preparing each section, this automatic signal can trigger breakfast cooking.

Remind detection

Prompting (such as low prompting) can be made drowsy related to people, it can also be from described in biometric listed above detectionIt reminds, and the prompting can be used to triggering electrical equipment such as coffee maker and start automatically to infuse coffee.

Aquation

The activity level of user can be directly submitted to by portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement combining movement horizon trackerCloud system, home server, main control unit or electrical equipment.This can trigger electrical equipment some action, especially with hydrationRelated action is acted on, such as starts the ice cube making of refrigerator or reduces the operation temperature of water purifier.

Power is saved

Many electrical equipments are usually operated with consuming the low-power power idle of power.Use the biometric signal of userAggregation information, can cause that there is the electrical equipment of communication function to enter ultra low-power mode.For example, fall asleep in user orDuring outgoing work, the water dispenser in family itself can be closed to ultra low-power mode, once and the activity of prospective users at home, justIt can begin to cool down/heat water.

Restaurant recommendation system based on position and activity

The polymerization of real-time biological metering signal and location information can be used to generate about one or more users to timingBetween needs valid supposition (such as ion beverage).Combine the needs of this supposition and about User Activity level, activityThe historical use data of food intake data that type, activity time and active duration and user are logged by, intelligenceApplication program on phone and/or smartwatch can recommend the life style for meeting user and the current restaurant of needs.

For example, the user for just completing six miles of touring races can start this application program.Application program can be known this personMaintained high activity level within past one hour, and thus determine that the people may be dehydrated.From historical use data, application programMay also be aware of has excessive vegetables but sugar is low in the diet of such as user.By consider the current location of user, Price Range andThe optimization algorithm of other factors referred to above, application program can recommend for example to provide the restaurant of Sorbet (smoothie).

Swimming tracking

In some embodiments of biometric tracks of device, biometric tracking may include algorithm of swimming, availableFrom one or more motion sensors, altitude sensor (for example, barometric pressure sensor), orientation sensor (for example, magneticPower meter), the data of location-based service sensor (for example, GPS, radio triangulation) and/or temperature sensor.The sensor canIn Qian Ru An Installed to the single device of such as wrist.In other embodiments, additional sensors device could attach to swimmer'sForehead, the rear portion of head, goggles, the back of the body, hip, shoulder, thigh, leg and/or foot.

Three potential function components of swimming exercise analysis are as follows：

● stroke count detection --- the stroke per one way is provided and is counted, wherein one way is defined as from the one end in pond to oppositeThe unidirectional of end passes through.

● stroke classification of type --- the stroke type of description user is (for example, crawling, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly stroke, breathing arm, stepping onWater (kicking without stroke) directly draws (body streamline), etc.), and can be any one of the followingOr combination：

A. the classification for each stroke that user uses

B. the classification of the main stroke type of each complete single trip use.

C. the stroke that each score one way (such as the freestyle swimming of half one way, breaststroke of half one way) usesThe classification of type

● one way counts --- the one way that user passes through counted.A method for determining one way is used by detectingWhen family is turned round in pond.

Turn round the 180 degree change for being defined as direction of advance.Detect turn round when, the beginning and end of deducibility one way.Some place (usually at one end or other places) before swimming is started again in pond suspends (without fortune within the sometime periodIt is dynamic) it is considered as turning round, as long as subsequent direction of advance is opposite with the direction of advance before pause.

In some embodiments, these function components can be combined in a manner of numerous.

Algorithm structure

Swimming exercise analysis can be performed successively, parallel or to mix order (combinations of some sequential blocks and some parallel frames)Three function components.

Sequential grammar (see Figure 15 A)

In one embodiment, can original and/or pretreated sensor be analyzed by stroke detector algorithm firstSignal.Stroke detector algorithm can be used in motion sensor (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope) time peak value (part mostBig value and/or local minimum) as the instruction for having taken stroke.Then, can also one or more heuristic rules be applied to moveExcept the peak value for being not offered as stroke.For example, the magnitude of peak value, the time gap of two neighbouring peak values, peak value shake to peak valueThe morphological character of width and/or peak value (for example, clarity) may indicate that certain peak values are not offered as stroke.When sensor offer is one-dimensionalDuring above data (such as 3 axis accelerometers or 3 axis movement sensors+altimeter (amounting to 4 number of axle evidences)), it is contemplated that allWhether the sequential and sizes related of the peak value on axis are to be generated by stroke to determine the peak value on one or more of described axis.

If observe the single peak value for representing stroke or a group peak value from the multiple data axis for representing stroke, thenIt can be from detecting previous peak and detecting that the data segments that the time between present peak value obtains extract feature.Feature includesBut the power for be not limited to the maximum and ripple number in minimum value, section, measuring in various measurements is (for example, L1 power and L2Power, standard deviation, average), etc..The feature extracted can be then subjected to machine learning system, wherein off-line calculation systemNumber (supervised learning) or the adaption systems coefficient (unsupervised learning) when user uses biometric monitoring arrangement.Machine learning systemSystem can return to stroke classification then for each stroke detected.

Turn round that detector algorithm can (sensor includes to sensor by calculating derivative, rolling average and/or useBut be not limited in the present invention those listed sensors) the high-pass filtering of signal carry out suddenly change in searching moving.May be used alsoAnd/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) alternatively is performed to signal.If a main component is different from next, then can be trueSurely generation is turned round.Such as the coefficient all or in part of the transformation such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) also is used as feature.Also it can be usedSuch as self returns the parameter models such as (AR) model.Can then use linear prediction analysis (LPA), least means square (LMS),Recursive least-squares filter (RLS) and/or Kalman Filter Estimation time-varying model parameter.Then compare the model parameter of estimation withIt determines to whether there is suddenly change in its value.

In one embodiment, the skill level of swimmer and/or swimming pattern (for example, speed) can be from sensing datasInferred, and be then used to turn round detection.For example, advanced swimmer usually has stronger stroke (that is, big addsSpeedometer peak magnitudes), and an one way is completed using less stroke.Therefore, estimate the skill level or characteristic of swimmerMeasurement can be used for turn round detection algorithm.These measurements may include, but are not limited to mean motion signal or integrated in motor messageMotor message, it is manifestly that, arm movement, estimation forward speed and the detection pattern of advanced swimmer.It can also be inputted via userTo determine the skill level of swimmer or other characteristics.For example, user can input it and swim for advanced, intermediate or beginnerPerson.

One from these analyses or many (combination) features can be used to detect data-oriented sample and/or adjacent dataWhether sample, which has, is turned round characteristic.To obtain the optimal combination of feature and decision boundary, machine learning techniques can be utilized, such asLogistic regression, decision tree, nerve net, etc..

In some embodiments, it is turned round if detected, then swimming data increase naturally from it can summarize and previously turn round,Such as the number of stroke, the stroke type for each stroke and for one way, split time, etc..It is turned round if be not detected,So renewable stroke counter and type.Except non-user stops swimming, otherwise algorithm can return to stroke count detection.

Parallel method (see Figure 15 B)

In parallel method, some or all of three functional units can be performed in parallel.It for example, can be jointlyIt performs stroke type detection and turns round detection, and operate independently from stroke count detection.

In these embodiments, two function groups of implementation in stroke type and the single algorithm turned round can be detected at the same timePart：Stroke type and turn round detection.For example, stroke type is (for example, detect the movement of freestyle swimming, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly strokeAnalysis) and turn round type (for example, flip turn (tumble turn), flip crawl turn (flip turn), two hands touch)Grader can return to detected stroke type or detected turn round type.During detection, can extract the time andSpectrum signature.Moving window can be initially applied to multiple data axis.The statistic of this window section can then be calculated, that is, maximumAnd the number of the ripple in minimum value, section, the power that is measured in various measurements are (for example, L1 power and L2 power, standard deviationDifference, average).Independent component analysis (ICA) and/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can equally be applied to find preferably to representTurn round any hiding signal of type and stroke similar properties.It then (potentially can improve) signal from this to represent to calculate the timeFeature.It, can be using various nonparametric filters solutions, low-pass filtering, bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering to enhance for temporal characteristicsNeed characteristics of signals.

Also the spectrum analysis such as FFT, wavelet transformation, Hilbert (Hilbert) transformation can be applied to this through windowingSection.Transformation coefficient may be selected to be feature all or in part.Such as AR, rolling average (MA) or ARMA can be used, and (self is returnedAnd rolling average) model parameter model, and can be via auto-correlation and/or partial auto correlation or LPA, LMS, RLS or KalmanWave filter finds the parameter of this class model.The all or part of estimated coefficient can be used as feature.

The rolling average window of different length can be run parallel, and provide feature listed above, and can also be by the featureAll or part be used as feature.

Can machine acquistion coefficient (supervised learning) then be extracted into feature applied to these.Can train and then use oneOr multiple machine learning techniques, i.e. multiple layers (for example, logistic regression) of binomial linear discriminant analysis, multinomial logic are returnedReturn, nerve net, decision tree/forest or support vector machines.

As window of interest moves, feature is can extract, and the feature of these new extractions will be returned via machine learning systemIt returns stroke type or what is detected turns round.

Stroke detector algorithm can independently of stroke type and turn round detection and run parallel.It can be examined by heuristic rulesSurvey and select the time peak value of original or prefiltered sensor signal.

Algorithm the summary stage (in the stage, it may be determined that, display and/or store measurement about swimming), canAfter-treatment applications in the sequence stroke type and are turned round into detection.If turned round with the confirmation of a certain confidence level, then can be together withDetected stroke, which counts, summarizes from the swimming metric data previously turned round.If unconfirmed turn round, then rolling averageWindow can proceed with.Until user stops swimming, algorithm can continue to update the swimming measurement of the exercise about user, comprising but notThe stroke being limited in the sum turned round, the sum of one way, the average stroke number total, per one way of stroke, the last one one wayNumber, the change per one way stroke number, etc..

Mixed method (see Figure 15 C and 15D)

In mixed method, stroke type and stroke count detection can be concurrently run, is followed by turning round detection.

Stroke type detection can return to stroke type via the coefficient of machine learning.The sensing that first movement window can useThe segment of device signal.It then can extract the entire feature of feature moving window feature listed herein eitherSubset.Then machine learning coefficient, training can be applied to the feature to determine which stroke type generates sensing offlineThe given segment of device signal.

Stroke count detection can simultaneously be run together with stroke type detection.

Once detecting stroke type and counting, inspection can be turned round to perform with the subset of cited entire feature or featureIt surveys.

It is turned round if detected, then the swimming that the completion of a circle can be recorded in user is summarized in measurement.Mistake after can inciting somebody to actionJourney is applied to the stroke type detected to determine the most prominent stroke type of completed circle.Subsequent algorithm, which can be moved into, to be drawnDynamic type and count detection stage, except non-user stops swimming.It is turned round if be not detected, then the algorithm can continue to updateWhen the stroke type of front ring and counting, until being turned round until detecting.

Blood glucose level and heart rate

Situation, progress before the disease about disease can be provided by continuously measuring the biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric signalAnd the meaningful information restored.These biometric monitoring arrangements can have sensor and correspondingly run algorithm to measure simultaneouslyCalculate biometric signal, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, the step number carried out, the calorie to be burnt, advanced away fromFrom, weight and body fat, activity intensity, active duration and frequency etc..Other than measured biometric signal,Customer-furnished food intake can be used to record.

In one embodiment, the considerable heart rate measuring of biometric monitoring arrangement and its change with the time, are especially eatingBefore object intake event and later.Known heart rate is influenced by blood glucose level, and it is well known that elevated blood glucose levels are diabetesPre-occlusion condition.Therefore, passed time (after food intake) and blood glucose level can be described to find out via statistical regressionBetween relationship mathematical model, wherein it is corresponding to provide to collect data from normal condition, prediabetes and diabetic individualMathematical model.By the mathematical model, can predict the individual with specific heart whether health, prediabetesOr with diabetes.

It is realised that many heart failure associated with prediabetes or diabetic conditions, it is possible to be based further on usingThe user of the biometric data at family to biometric monitoring arrangement informs the possible heart failure of these risks, such as coronary diseaseDisease, cranial vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease etc..

Recommended exercise policy can also be used when forming mathematical model (for example, being provided by American Heart AssociationPolicy (http://www.heart.org/)) consider activity intensity, type, duration and the frequency of user, using as controlThe independent variable of " probability " of the breaking-out of disease.Many policies about nutrition and Weight management can also be used for academic and be used for generalThe public is with prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.It can be by these policies with being collectively incorporated into number with the user data of time integralIt learns in model, the user data is, for example, the ingredient of food of user's consumption and weight and body obesity trend.

If user is storing and is showing that its kinsfolk is set as its friend by the social network sites of biometric data,Kinsfolk so can be also analyzed to obtain the possibility of disease and inform result to user.

Other than informing the latency development of disease to user, comprising exercise regime and can there will be more healthy ingredientAnd the life style recommended of the menu of transmission method is supplied to user.

Grocery store's shopping, culinary art and the unification of food record

Grocery store organizes and menu identification system

Receipt from grocery store's shopping is containing abundant information, especially with respect to the eating habit of individual.For example,It is presented here by the information from grocery store's receipt and the individual biometric number such as collected by biometric monitoring arrangementAccording to the innovative system being combined.The system collects and analyzes the data (information) about individual, and then can recommend canChange the life style of individual so as to the option of their health status of improvement.The implementation of this system can relate to cloud computing, be used forThe exploitation of the hardware platform of sensing and interface and movement/Website development.

It in one embodiment, can be by grocery store's list (such as from receipt or (for example) when user checks out in grocery storeObtained from email receipt or invoice) automatically it is emitted to remote data base (for example, Cloud Server), the remote data baseAlso the biometric data of user can be stored.When user organizes project to family and in their refrigerator and/or pantry, heSmart phone/wrist-watch on application can recommend to abandon in pantry or refrigerator based on the historical data about food itemWhich project (if for example, food item is expired or may go bad).Instruction food is out of date or should consume in a short timeThe prompting fallen to avoid corruption can be automatically transmitted to user independently of such interaction.For example, it is a certain whenever having metDuring threshold value (for example, will be in expired two days in milk), these promptings can be issued to user.It can also be by except through intelligencePrompting is sent to user by the means except energy phone/wrist-watch.For example, can by network interface, pass through Email, logicalCross on laptop computer, tablet computer, desktop PC or with maintain and/or analyze food database computerThe prompting is presented to the user by the prompting on any other electronic device directly or indirectly to communicate.

Updated list by using food item and history food consumption data based on user, the application can willMenu recommends user.It in one embodiment, can be to using the project that first eat (for example, expired, rotten or become at itsBefore more stale than other ingredients) menu give priority.In order to recommend balance in nutrition, correctly distribute and according to user'sMovable and ruling best menu, the application can also also analyze the activity data of user.For example, if user in the morningWeight lifting, then high-protein diet can be recommended.In another example, if user is not very movable, then menu can be reducedSize to reduce the number for the calorie that final diet contains.

It should be noted that these strategies can be applied to multiple users of shared identical food and/or diet.For example,Can be the food database that one family creates combination so that if a member in family obtains egg and family from grocery storeIn another member obtain milk, then both egg and milk will represent in food database.Similarly, nutrition preference(for example, vegetarian, to certain food irritabilities etc.), activity, basal metabolic rate and total caloric burn can be used to form alignmentRecommendation that is standby and/or buying what food/menu.

It can be provided to the precondition of disease including (but not limited to) heart rate and the biometric signal of heart rate variabilityInstruction.This information can be used for recommended user's purchase, consumption and/or prepare certain food, suffer from it with advance shape to reduce itThe risk of the disease of condition.For example, if user has the precondition of cardiac problems, then it can recommend them to buy moreThe less fat-containing food of more vegetables, consumption, and the method for less oil to be needed to prepare food (for example, not deep-fried).

It controls " intelligent appliance "

In another embodiment, various household electrical appliances can all have Wi-Fi functions, and can be with server communication.Due to application(it can be connected to the household electrical appliances via (for example) cloud or internet) may know which food item refrigerator contains, so instituteIt states using can communicate with refrigerator with based food project the temperature that reduces or increase refrigerator.For example, if numerous food productProject is more sensitive to cold, such as vegetables, then can instruct refrigerator raising temperature.The application can also be also via bluetooth, BTLEOr NFC and refrigerator direct communication.

Food records

The application can also be based on grocery store's Shopping List (its can (for example) be in the list using interior maintenance) withAnd the food menu recommended of the application and the project for being recorded as the food of user is provided.In the diet cooked in advance (for example, coldFreeze meal) or in the case of not needing to any agricultural product being further processed before eating, user can simply enter their mealIt dish size (or in user in the case where eating entire diet, user may not be needed input food size) and will then complete to eatProduct record.Since grocery store's list or menu provide the definite brand and label of certain food, so will can more accurately seekFoster information is recorded in the account of user.

When user record pass through in accordance with application proposed menu and cook food item when, the application can from intoDivide and cooking process calculates nutritional information.This simple tissue that can provide than end product/diet more accurately takes the photograph calorieThe estimation entered, because many menus exist to prepare certain types of food, for example, can be made of beer, turkey, pork etc.The burger of pasta, and the burger may include different degrees of carbohydrate.

It is obtained using the sports metering of sensor device

In some embodiments, sensor can be mounted on such as tennis racket on racket, so as to help to measure playerDifferent strokes.This is applicable to most of (if not all) racket movements, and wall is clapped including (but not limited to) tennis, short netThe movement that ball, squash, table tennis, shuttlecock, lacrosse etc. and such as baseball, softball, cricket are played with bat.Can also it makeThe different aspect of golf is measured with similar technology.Such device can be mounted on the bottom of racket, is on handle or logicalOften on the shock absorber on cord.This device can have various sensors, such as accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetic forceMeter, strain transducer and/or microphone.Data from these sensors can be locally stored or be wirelessly transmitted to intelligent electricityHost system or other wireless receivers in words.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, microphone etc. are includedWrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement can perform the similar analysis of game or movement to user.This biometric monitorsDevice can take the form of the wrist-watch or other belts in the wrist for being worn on user.It can be used and measure or detect bat or racketShock moment between ball and the racket or ball that this data is wirelessly transmitted to wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangementStick installing type sensor can be used for improving the accuracy of these algorithms with the collision time of ball by accurately measuring.

Wrist and racket/bat installation formula device can help to measure the different aspect of the game of user, comprising (but it is unlimitedIn) stroke type (forehand, service, is tiltedly hit at counterattack), the number of forehand, counterattack number, ball rotation direction, it is upper rotation, service hundredDivide ratio, the angular speed of racket head, recoil, hit energy, impact consistency etc..Microphone or strain transducer can be used to be used as and addThe supplement of speedometer is come at the time of identifying ball impact racket/bat.In cricket and baseball, such device can measure recoil, hitThe angular speed of bat when hitting, the offside impact number on leg side (baseball).Can also measure swing and lose the number of ball withAnd defence is to the number of attack stroke.Such device can also have wireless transmitter to be emitted to this statistical data in real timeScoreboard is emitted to the individual device held by spectators.

Wrist or racket installation formula device can have a small amount of button (for example, two), can be used to indicate that by playerThe error of unforced property is won or when occurred to tennis when.This will allow algorithm to calculate winner and as forehand to the non-of counterattackThe score of the error of being forced to property.Number of the direct scoring serve in tennis to double fault also can be traced in the algorithm.Such asTwo players of fruit use such system, then the system can also automatically track score.

ECG based on cyclist's shank

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the electrode contacted with left hand can be used and contacted with the right handElectrode (for example, ECG heart rate measurements) monitor the heart rate of user.Because cycling needs user to contact handlebar with handEither side, so this specific activities is suited well for tracking user's heart rate using ECG technologies.By the way that electrode is embedded in handIn shank or handle club handle or tape, the heart rate of user can be measured when user holds handlebar.For with handleBicycle (opposite with using handlebar tape), electrode can be incorporated into available for replace existing handle (for example, be usually notThe handle of conductive factory's installation) special handle in.Left handle and right handle may be electrically connected to (for example) to be surveyed using electric wireMeasure the electronic device of ECG signal.In the case of handlebar self-conductive, handlebar can be used for the electrical connection of one of handleTo the electronic device for measuring ECG signal.The electronic device for measuring ECG signal is incorporated into one or both of handle.OrPerson, measuring the electronic device of ECG signal can be located in individual shell.In one embodiment, this individual shell can be installedIn cyclist's shank or handle.It can have the function of that typical bicycle computer has and sensor is (for example, speed passesSensor, step sensor, GPS sensor).It can also have atypical sensor, such as air velocity transducer, GSR sensorsAnd acceierometer sensor (being potentially also incorporated into handlebar).Technology described in the present invention can be used in this embodimentActivity metric is calculated, including (but not limited to) caloric burn, and by these measurements is emitted to two level and three stage arrangement (examplesSuch as, smart phone and server).

The electrode of ECG is incorporated into part or the attachment of bicycle, is held without being incorporated into handle tape and handlebarIn, such as it is incorporated into gloves, brake cover, brake lever or handlebar itself.These electrodes or additional electrode can be usedTo measure GSR, body fat and aquation using the supplement or replacement as heart rate.In an example, it can be used and be sewn on handConductive filament (be used as ECG electrode) in the handle tape installed in shank measures the heart rate of user.Handle tape electrodeCentral bicycle computer unit is may be connected to, the center bicycle computer unit contains electronic device to measure GSR, waterCooperation use and/or heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement can show this information over the display.If the aquation or the heart of userRate is more than a certain threshold value, then can remind user drink it is more, drink it is less, increase intensity or reduce intensity.In bicycle meterIn the case that calculation machine only measures one or both of GSR, aquation or heart rate, algorithm can be used to estimate directly to surveyThe measurement of amount.For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement only can measure heart rate and duration of exercise, then can be usedThe combination of heart rate and duration of exercise estimates aquation and reminds user when user should drink water.Similarly, can makeIt is used with heart rate and duration of exercise with being reminded when user should eat or drink thing (for example, sports drink) in addition to waterFamily.

Indirect measurement is estimated

Bicycle computer usually measures a variety of measurements, including (but not limited to) speed, step, power and wind speed.JustThe formula monitoring arrangement of taking do not measure these measurements or not with can be capable of supply that devices of these measurements communicates in the case of, usable instituteThe portable biometric sensor that has of metering monitoring arrangement is stated to infer these and other measurement.In one embodiment, it is describedPortable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can measure heart rate.This measured value can be used to infer/estimate the power of user's positive output in itAmount.Such as other measurements such as age, height and weight of user can help to inform dynamometry value.Such as GPS measurementsSpeed, height above sea level increase/reduction, bicycle posture (to measure the inclination on slope or gradient) and accelerometer signal single-candidateOuter sensing data can be used for further informing that power is estimated.In one embodiment, can be used heart rate and power output itBetween the relationship of approximately linear calculate the power output of user.

In one embodiment, monitoring arrangement is measured from portable biometric and can be used as baseline during calibration in userBut in the case that the secondary device not used in the time later obtains data, calibration phase (for example, power meter) can occur.This canThe pass for allowing to determine the sensing data that is measured by portable monitoring device between the sensing data that is measured by secondary deviceSystem.Then when there is no secondary devices to calculate the data not provided by biometric monitoring arrangement by secondary device but clearlyDuring estimated value, this relationship can be used.

Automatic dispatching based on activity

It in one embodiment, can be based on the information in the calendar (or Email or text message) of user come for userDaily traveling requirement (working is come off duty, between meeting) is dispatched, target is to meet daily routines target or long term activity of earthquake meshMark.The historical data of user can be used to help to plan to meet both target and also required transit time.This feature canIt is combined with friend or colleague.The scheduling can be completed so so that user can its walking go to work road on meet with friend orColleague is met on Na Tiaolu and carries out meeting (but user may need to set meeting point).If the biometric in user monitorsThere are real-time Communication for Power between device and the friend of user, if the data of the biometric monitoring arrangement from friend indicate themFriend run later, then the longer route of bootable user's walking.

In another embodiment, can (all or part) based on the degree of approach of user and user come to user suggest walking/Running/health route.For these recommendation data can also or extraly based on the GPS information from other users.If it depositsIn real-time Communication for Power, then the busy route of preference or quiet route can be directed the user to.It is realised that the heart about other usersRate and basic health and fitness information allow one route of system recommendations to match the general level of the health of user and desired exercise/effort waterIt is flat.This information can be re-used for planning/guiding to user activity/health objectives of longer-term.

Position/background sensing and application

By one or more methods, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement disclosed herein, which has, can determine or estimateCount the position of biometric monitoring arrangement or the sensor of background (for example, in bus, at home, in the car).It can makeWith dedicated location sensor, such as GPS, GLONASS or other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) sensor.Alternatively, cocoaInfer, estimate or guess position using the sensor of lower accuracy.It is difficult to know some implementations of the position of user whereinIn example, user's input can assist determining position and/or the background of user.For example, if sensing data makes it difficult to reallyIt is in the car or in bus to determine user, then biometric monitoring arrangement communicates just with biometric monitoring arrangementPortable electronic apparatus or the Cloud Server that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement can be presented to user inquires, so as to ask user theyIt rides in a bus today or by bus.The position other than vehicle context can be directed to and carry out similar inquiry.For example, such asFruit sensing data instruction user completes strenuous exercise, but there is no the position datas that instruction user goes to body-building shop, thenIt can ask whether they have gone to body-building shop today to user.

Vehicle transport detects

In some embodiments, can be used biometric monitoring arrangement sensor and/or with biometric monitoring arrangementThe portable electronic device of communication and/or the Cloud Server that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement determine that user or once existedIn what kind of vehicle (if there is).It should be noted that it in the examples below, communicates in one or more biometric monitoring arrangementsAnd/or the sensor in portable electronic device can be used for sensing coherent signal.It it shall yet further be noted that can use example in the following descriptionOne or more alternative associations such as RFID, NFC or cellular phone also can be used in such as WiFi or bluetooth specific network protocolsView.

In one embodiment, pair detection of blue-tooth device associated with vehicle can be used to infer user in vehicleIn.For example, user can have the automobile for possessing bluetooth multimedia system.When user and their automobile close enough simultaneouslyDuring the long enough period, sensor device can recognize the bluetooth recognition of multimedia system and assume user in automobileIn.The data from other sensors can be used to confirm the hypothesis of user in the car.It can be used from other sensorsData or signal are higher than the GPS velocity measured value of 30mph and as in automobile to confirm that the example of user in the car includesIn characteristic accelerometer signal.Information intrinsic bluetooth ID can be used for determining that it is the Wi-Fi routers or vehicle of vehicleType.For example, the bluetooth ID of the router in automobile can be " Audi's car multimedia ".Keyword " Audi " or " vehicle " canFor guessing that router is associated with type of vehicle " automobile ".Alternatively, the data of bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle can be usedLibrary.

In one embodiment, can by the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts data comeCreate or update the database of bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle.This can used under auxiliary input by user and/or notIt is completed under the auxiliary of family input.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in the car, vehicleType or particular vehicle without the use of bluetooth ID and its encounter the bluetooth ID moved together with vehicle, then it can be by bluetooth IDWith the information about vehicle be sent to central database using by by catalog classification as bluetooth ID corresponding with vehicle.If alternatively,User prior point input about they or once the information of vehicle wherein and existed and in user indicate that they once existedThe bluetooth ID encountered when during the time in the vehicle or close to the time, then bluetooth ID and information of vehicles can be sentTo central database and it is associated with each other.

In another embodiment, pair detection of Wi-Fi devices associated with vehicle can be used to infer user at thatIn vehicle or type of vehicle.Some trains, bus, aircraft, automobile and other vehicles have Wi-Fi routers wherein.It is detectable and infer using the SSID of router or assist deduction user in particular vehicle or type of vehicle.

In one embodiment, it can be created with the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts dataIt builds or updates SSID and its database of associated vehicle.This can be defeated under auxiliary input by user and/or in no userIt is completed under the auxiliary entered.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in the car, vehicle classType or particular vehicle without the use of SSID and its encounter the SSID moved together with vehicle, then biometric monitoring arrangement can willSSID and information about vehicle be sent to central database using by by catalog classification as SSID corresponding with vehicle.Alternatively, such asFruit user prior point input about they or once the information of vehicle wherein and existed and indicate them once in userThe SSID encountered when during the time in the vehicle or close to the time, then SSID and information of vehicles can be sent toIt central database and is associated with each other.

In another embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement, position sensor can be used to determine the track of user.WithThis track can be compared from the database of the route for different passage modes afterwards.Passage mode may include (but not limited to)Walking, running, cycling, drive, ride in a bus, by train, multiply tramcar, take the subway and/or by motorcycle.IfThe track of user and the route of special pass pattern are well corresponding, then may be assumed that user pass through that the route spent whenBetween the passage mode is once used during the period.It should be noted that the speed for completing the section of route or route can improve to the mould that passes throughThe conjecture of formula.For example, both bus and automobile can use same routes, but volume of the bus at bus stationIt is outer to stop permissible device and determine that user once rode in a bus rather than automobile.Similarly, cycling is with driving by a roadDifferentiation between line can be assisted by the typical differences of the speed between the two.This speed difference may also depend upon dayWhen.For example, some routes can be due to automobile and slower during peak period.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be existed based on the measurement in the magnetic field of vehicle to detect userIn vehicle or near vehicle.In some embodiments, also can be used usually associated with vehicle position (for example, railway station,Subway station, bus stop, garage) magnetic field sign infer user currently, will or in the car.It signs in magnetic fieldIt is non-time-varying or time-varying.

If it is determined that user once actually in time period in the car, then can change about the other of userIt measures to reflect state.The step number for example carried out, institute are can measure in biometric monitoring arrangement and/or portable electronic deviceIn the case of the activity metrics such as the distance walked or run, the height above sea level climbed and/or the calorie to be burnt, can be based on aboutThe information that vehicle is advanced changes these measurements.If it any carried out step number or is climbed during user is in the carHeight above sea level is improperly recorded, then can be removed it from the record of the measurement about user.It can also be from the measurement about userRecord remove derived from the step number carried out or the height above sea level climbed that improperly record measure, such as advanced away fromFrom with the calorie that is burnt.Can determine in real time or near real-time user whether in the car in the case of, inspection can be closedThe sensor for the measurement (for example, the step number carried out or the stair climbed) that survey measures in the car when should not be can closeThe algorithm for measuring these measurements is closed, so as to prevent the measurement improperly recorded (and saving electric power).It should be noted that it can rememberThe measurement that record is used about vehicle is (for example, the type of the vehicle multiplied, the time multiplied take which route and route to spendHow long) and be later used to that the other activities and physiological measurements of this data and/or correction about user are presented to user.

It is sensed using the position of bluetooth

The method for the method for being similar to that described above also can be used to determine when user connects in biometric monitoring arrangementNearly static position.In one embodiment, the bluetooth ID of the computer at restaurant or shop (for example, tablet computer) canFor determining the position of user.In another embodiment, half from portable communication appts (for example, smart phone) can be usedBluetooth ID is fixed to determine the position of user.In the case of semifixed bluetooth ID sources, it may be desired to which multiple bluetooth ID reach useThe acceptable level of confidence of the position at family.For example, the database of the bluetooth ID of the colleague of user can be created.If withFamily is located at during the typical working time in the range of several persons in these bluetooths ID, then may be assumed that user is working.The detection to other bluetooth ID also can be used to record when two users meet by chance.It for example, can be by analyzing pedometer numberAccording to bluetooth ID and determine user go out to go jogging together with another user.These similar concepts are filed in 5 days March in 2014It discusses in further detail in 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases, and previously with respect to these concepts to quoteMode is incorporated to.

The uncertain measurement of location-based GPS

When being merged sensor signal with estimated information biometric (for example, step number, pace of life, speed with GPS signalThe path of degree or route) when, the quality of GPS signal is usually non-often with informedness.It is well known, however, that GPS signal quality is time-varying, and one of factor for influencing signal quality is ambient enviroment.

Location information can be used to estimate GPS signal quality.Server can storage region type map, wherein passing through evilChange the number and type of the object of GPS signal to predefine area type.The type may be, for example,：Building areaDomain, small building object area, open area, by water area and wood land.It, can be with number before it when GPS sensor is openedA location estimation (its expection is more rough and incorrect) inquires these area types.Estimated by the coarse GPS of position, can returnedPossible area type is returned, and then can consider these area types when calculating GPS signal q＆r.

For example, if user is in urban canyons (the circular region by high building) (for example, San Francisco urban district)Near or, then low certainty may be associated with the measurement of any GNSS location.This certainty can be later by attempting at least partlyDetermine that the algorithm of the track of user, speed and/or elevation uses based on GPS data.

In one embodiment, the data from one or more GNSS sensors can be used to be automatically created position and GPSThe database of signal quality.By the way that GNSS tracks and street map are compared and check when GNSS sensors show userIt advances along street (for example, with 10mph or higher speed) but its track is not located at characteristic on road, and automatically holdCapable this compares.It can also wherein there are the maps of high building, valley or intensive forest infers based on apparent position from displayingThe deterministic databases of GPS.

It is sensed using the position of vehicle GNSS and/or dead reckoning

Many vehicles have integrated form GNSS navigation system.The user of vehicle without integrated form GNSS navigation system is normalOften it is their automobile purchase GNSS navigation system, the GNSS navigation system is usually non-permanently mounted on regarding for driverIn open country.In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can communicate with the GNSS system of vehicle.Wherein justIt takes in the case that formula biometric monitoring arrangement is also used for tracing positional, location information can be received from vehicle GNSS.It can makeBiometric monitoring arrangement can close the GNSS sensors (in the case where it is with the sensor) of its own, therefore subtractIts few power consumption.

In addition to GNSS location detect other than, vehicle can emit about its steering wheel orientation and/or its relative to the earthThe data of the orientation in magnetic field, using as the supplement of its speed for such as using tire size and tire rotary speed and measuring.This letterBreath can be used for holding in the case where GNSS system of the vehicle without GNSS system or vehicle can not obtain reliable position measurementRow dead reckoning is with determining track and/or position.The location information of dead reckoning can be supplemented from biometric monitoring arrangementGNSS sensing datas.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can reduce the frequency that it samples GNSS data, andThe position determined by dead reckoning is filled in gap between GNSS location data.

With the step counter data fusion of satellite-based location determination

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the data fusion from various different sensors can be existedIt is seen clearly together with providing the new of the activity of the wearer about biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, it is supervised from biometricThe data of altimeter in view apparatus can be with passing through the accelerometer data to the accelerometer from biometric monitoring arrangementThe step enumeration data for performing peak detection analysis and obtaining is combined, when to determine the wearer of biometric monitoring arrangement(for example) stair climbing or walk to go up a slope (with sitting elevator or escalator or flat ground of passing by is opposite)

In another example of Data Fusion of Sensor, the data from step counter for example discussed herein above can with fromDistance measure derived from GPS data is combined to provide the fine estimation of total distance advanced in given window.CitingFor, Kalman filter can be used (to make the distance based on GPS or speed data with the distance based on step counter or speedSpan is multiplied by with the step number carried out) it is combined, to obtain fine distance estimations, the fine distance estimations are than individuallyDistance or velocity measurement based on GPS or the distance based on step counter or velocity measurement are more accurate.In another embodiment partyIn case, can be used as such as by the smoothing constant of the function of the leg speed rate of (for example) accelerometer measures come to based on GPS away fromIt is filtered from measured value.These embodiments are discussed further in No. 61/973,614 U.S. filed in 1 day April in 2014In temporary patent application case, the application case was previously herein incorporated by reference herein " joins the intersection of related applicationExamine " section in, and the application case again herein about alignment using from satellite-based alignment system and step sensor for counteringData distance or the content that becomes more meticulous of velocity estimation and be herein incorporated by reference.

Biometric and environment/exercise performance correlation

Some embodiments of portable monitoring device described herein can detect a variety of data, include biometric numberAccording to, environmental data and activity data.Can this all data be analyzed or are presented to the user to promote to two or more classesThe analysis of the degree of correlation between the data of type.In one embodiment, the heart rate of user can be with car speed, cycling speedDegree, velocity, swimming rate or walking speed are related.For example, it can be presented on to user in X-axis and draw cycling speedDegree and the chart that heart rate is drawn in Y-axis.In another example, the heart rate of user can be related to the music that user listens to.BiologyMetering monitoring arrangement any sound can be once listened to about user to receive by the wireless connection (for example, bluetooth) to auto radioHappy data.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can also itself serve as music player, and what therefore can recordWhen which song played.

Weight lifting assists

In the case of the auxiliary of no personal coach or partner, it may be difficult to be properly completed weight lifting routine.It is portableFormula biometric monitoring arrangement can be by transmitting how long they should go up each weight of act, how soon they should lift weight to userObject, they how soon should reduce weight and to perform the number of each repetition lifted, and can assist user complete weight lifting routine.One or more EMG sensors or strain transducer can be used to measure the contraction of muscle of user for biometric monitoring arrangement.May be used alsoBy measure the vibrations (for example, using accelerometer) of one or more body parts, one or more body parts sweat (for example,Use GSR sensors), rotation (for example, using gyroscope) and/or one or more body parts on temperature sensor, to push awayThe contraction of muscle of disconnected user.Alternatively, sensor can be placed on weight lifting equipment itself with determine using when lift and theyThe speed lifting or reduce, the number of repetition that they lift duration and their executeds are lifted.

In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment detect user just close to their mistakeLose the limit on (when user's no longer sustainable weight), then weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weight from reducing.In another embodiment, the manipulator that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weightObject reduces.This permissible user (is used for the situation in failure by their limit itself is pushed to without partner/witnessLower lifting heavy) and not from the risk of injury for falling weight.

Blood glucose level monitoring auxiliary

In some embodiments, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can be configured to assist needing to monitor its blood glucose levelUser (for example, diabetic).In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can infer user indirectlyBlood glucose level or the relevant measurement of blood glucose level with user.It can be used in addition to being commonly used in monitoring blood glucose monitoring (using companyContinuous or discrete finger punctures the sensor of type) sensor except sensor as typical blood glucose monitoring methodSupplement is substituted or is assisted as it.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be based on from biometric monitoring arrangementThe data of sensor measurement and to user reminding, they should check its blood glucose level.If user performs in having been measured in certain timeThe activity of certain type, then their blood glucose level may reduce, and therefore, and biometric monitoring arrangement can show and carryIt wakes up, generate audible prompts or vibration, remind the user that their blood glucose is possible relatively low and they should be surveyed using typical blood glucoseDevice (for example, finger punctures the blood glucose monitor of type) is measured to check blood glucose.Biometric monitoring arrangement allows user defeatedEnter the blood glucose level measured from blood-glucose meter.Alternatively, can by it is blood sugar measured be automatically emitted to biometric monitoring arrangement and/orThe 3rd device (for example, smart phone or server) directly or indirectly to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement.This blood glucose measurementValue can be used for informing the algorithm used by biometric monitoring arrangement to determine when should be delivered to the prompting of next blood glucose levelUser.User may also be able to have eaten them, eating or planned to eat what food be input to biometric monitoring arrangement orThe device directly or indirectly to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement.This information can also be used to determine when user should be reminded to check himBlood glucose level.Other measurements described herein and sensing data can also be used separately or in combination (for example, the heartRate data) determine user when should to be reminded to check their blood glucose.

Other than being reminded in addition to should check blood glucose level when, biometric monitoring arrangement may also display current blood glucose waterFlat estimation.In another embodiment, it can be supervised by secondary device (for example, smart phone or server) using from biometricThe data of view apparatus are presented to the user with the blood glucose level of estimating user and/or by this data (for example, by smart phoneThe data are shown on upper, webpage and/or by via data described in radio transmitting).

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also be used to make exercise, diet and other factors related to blood glucose level.This can be assistedUser understands front or counter productive of these factors to their blood glucose level.Can by user using different device (for example,Finger punch through style monitor or continuous blood sugar monitor), by biometric monitoring arrangement itself and/or by inferring blood glucoseHorizontal or using the other sensors and relevant measurement of blood glucose level, to measure and movable relevant blood glucose level.In biologyIn some embodiments for measuring monitoring arrangement, the wearable continuous blood sugar monitoring arrangement of user and biometric monitoring arrangement.This twoA device will can automatically upload to third computing device (for example, server) about the data of activity and blood glucose level.ServiceDevice then can analyze the data and/or be presented to the user the data so that user more understands their activity and bloodRelationship between sugar level.The input that the server can also receive the diet about user (is eaten for example, user can input themWhat food) and make the diet related to blood glucose level.By help user understand diet, exercise and other factors (for example,It is nervous) their blood glucose level how is influenced, biometric monitoring arrangement can assist the user with diabetes.

UV exposure detections

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can monitor exposure of the individual to UV radiation.One can be passed throughA or multiple sensor measurement UVA and UVB.For example, have the photodiode of bandpass filter for only passing through UVA canUVA exposures are detected, and UVB exposures are can detect with the photodiode of bandpass filter for only passing through UVB.Phase also can be usedMachine or reflectometer (determining that light reflection leaves the optical transmitting set and photodetector of the efficiency of skin) measure the skin pigment of userIt is calm.Using UVA, UVB and cutaneous pigmentation data, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide a user what is be subjected to about itThe information of UV exposed amounts.Biometric monitoring arrangement may also provide about over-exposure, the possibility of sunburn and the increase to UVThe estimation or alarm of the possibility of its risk of skin cancer.

Using user, there are the screen power savings of sensor

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can have one or more displays to present information to user.In a realityIt applies in example, the sensor on biometric monitoring arrangement can determine user just using biometric monitoring arrangement and/or wear lifeObject measures monitoring arrangement to determine the state of display.For example, the biometric monitoring arrangement with PPG sensors can makeWhen biometric monitoring arrangement is worn with determining user by the use of PPG sensors as proximity sensor.If user adorns oneself withBiometric monitoring arrangement, then the state (for example, color LCD screen) of screen can change from typicalness that it is turned off to" on " or " for use ".

It is saved relative to the power of satellite-based position determination system

In some embodiments, certain systems included in biometric monitoring arrangement may be monitored with biometricOther systems in device are compared to the relatively large amount of power of consumption.It is attributed to the small space of many biometric monitoring arrangements aboutBeam, this can seriously affect the overall cell charge life of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, it is monitored in some biometricsIn device, it may include satellite-based position determination system.It is used whenever using satellite-based position determination system from GPSWhen the data of satellite group obtain positioning, the power drawn from biometric monitoring arrangement battery is used.Biometric monitorsDevice can be configured to change satellite-based position determination system based on one or more biographies from biometric monitoring arrangementThe data of sensor obtain the frequency of positioning.This adaptive location frequency functionalities can help power saving while still allow satellite-basedPosition determination system provides positioning with useful interval (in due course).

For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement has ambient light sensor, then can be used and passed from ambient lightThe data of sensor determine whether illumination condition indicates that biometric monitoring arrangement may be indoors rather than in outdoor.IfIt is indoor, then biometric monitoring arrangement can cause location frequency to be set to less than seeming to indicate biometric in illumination conditionThe level of monitoring arrangement workable location frequency at outdoor.This has is tasted when reducing biometric monitoring arrangement indoorsThe effect of the positioning number of examination, and be therefore less likely to obtain good location using satellite-based position determination system.

In another example, if the pendant of the motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangementWearer is substantially fixed, such as sleeps or do not move substantially more than several feet per minute, then satellite-based position is trueWearer's (example during exercise than motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement can be set to by determining the location frequency of systemSuch as, from a position walking or run to another location, for example, mobile be more than several feet) the low level of situation.

In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured whether actually to determine biometric monitoring arrangementIt is worn by people, if not, then location frequency can be set to than biometric monitoring arrangement reality by biometric monitoring arrangementThe low level of situation about being worn on border.It can be for example in the exercise data of the motion sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangementIndicate that biometric monitoring arrangement is substantially fixed (for example, even in the when biometer for showing wearer's sleep or sittingAmount monitoring arrangement undergo it is small mobile when it is also not fixed) when or for example from heart rate sensor data instruction do not detectIt is determined to these whether progress is worn about biometric monitoring arrangement during heart rate.For optics heart rate sensor, ifThere is few change in the light quantity detected in light source switches and while turning off in light detecting sensors, then this may indicate that following thingIt is real：Heart rate sensor does not compress the skin of people, and infers that biometric monitoring arrangement is not worn.This is adaptive satellite-basedPosition determination system location frequency concept is discussed in more detail No. 61/955,045 U.S. filed in 18 days March in 2014 and facesWhen patent application case in, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously in " to the cross reference of related application " part to drawMode is incorporated herein and is saved hereby about the power in the context of satellite-based position determination system againContent that place points out and be herein incorporated by reference.

It will be appreciated that other than the feature comprising discussed in further detail below, biometric monitoring arrangement also may include aboveOne or more feature or functions discussed or discussed in the various application cases being incorporated by reference above in discussing.TheseEmbodiment is interpreted as within the scope of the invention.

Although discussed above concentrated on a variety of different systems that may include in biometric monitoring arrangement and functionality,But discussion subsequently below concentrates on some specific embodiments in more detail (some of them may also be discussed above).

Altimeter in biometric monitoring arrangement uses

Usable altimeter or several different technologies or system of altimeter measuring device are discussed herein below.It can be in biometricThese embodiments are put into practice in the context of monitoring arrangement, but some embodiments can be put into practice in other devices.

In some embodiments, the barometertic altimeter in biometric monitoring arrangement (or other electronic devices) can be based onThe data that are obtained from another sensor (for example, determining system or from such as camera from GPS or other positions) are recalibrated.In other or Additional embodiments, the other sensors that can combine biometric monitoring arrangement are used in biometric monitoring arrangementAltimeter, to assist in identifying the given pose or the movement that may indicate that specific activities.It, can in other or Additional embodiments againIt is used in biometric monitoring arrangement (or other devices) with reference to " airplane-mode " that biometric monitoring arrangement can be placed inAltimeter emits to save power and/or to provide reduced EM.These embodiments of discussed in further detail below.

Automatic height meter is recalibrated

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include barometertic altimeter and other biometrics sensingDevice (such as accelerometer, heart rate sensor etc.) and/or environmental sensor are (for example, ambient light sensor, ambient air quality senseDevice etc.).Barometertic altimeter is actually the pressure sensor of measuring environment atmospheric pressure.Become with the height above sea level of pressure sensorChange, will be reduced with the height above sea level of pressure sensor by the pressure of pressure sensor detection and increased, and will be passed with pressureThe height above sea level of sensor increases and reduces.The pressure sensor that design is provided by some manufacturers is so that its output instruction pressureSignal, and must then convert the signal into the height above sea level amount (pass between pressure and height above sea level using the device of this sensorSystem is not linear, it is therefore necessary to perform the processing of a certain form in addition to purely linear scaling).Some other pressure sensingsDevice is through designing pre-output circuit or processor with the signal that pressure sensor signal is converted into instruction height above sea level.

Figure 17 describes the simplified block diagram of the example biometric monitoring arrangement with altimeter and position determination system.Such as may be usedSee, the biometric monitoring arrangement of Figure 17, which includes, to be connected to be formed at one or more of controller 1702 communicatively to each otherManage device 1704 and memory 1706.Controller 1702 and altimeter or pressure sensor 1708 and with position determination system 1710 withCommunication mode connects.Other arrangements of these components also can be used, for example, as discussed further below, position determination system1710 can be located in another device outside biometric monitoring arrangement, and its functionality can be used by biometric monitoring arrangementSuch as wireless communication interface access.

Altimeter based on pressure sensor can be quite sensitive, and detection low amounts value height above sea level can be used for change, such asAbout +/- 20cm.However, pressure sensor can also easily be influenced by the change of the pressure not as caused by the change of height above sea level.CitingFor, if be moved in region before low-pressure wave, then environmental pressure can increase in any height above sea level in terms of no pressure sensorIn the case of reduce.There is also other pressure change sources, include wind.Pressure sensor can also easily be influenced by drifting about at any time,Drift can influence its accuracy at any time.

Some biometric monitoring arrangements may include the pressure sensor as altimeter, such as all include pressure altitudeFitbit Ultra, the Fitbit One of meter/pressure sensor and Fitbit Force.Barometertic altimeter can be additionally used in other dressesIn putting, such as some GPS devices also may include altimeter, because altimeter is usually provided than that can use satellite-based location determinationThe height above sea level that system obtains measures more accurately height above sea level and measures.

In some embodiments, device (for example, biometric monitoring arrangement or other devices) can be equipped with as heightSpend the pressure sensor and position determination system of meter.Position determination system can be used to carry out periodical survey to XY positions for this deviceAmount, and the ground for the data concentrated based on history terrain data is then determined using XY position datas with reference to history terrain data collectionShape height above sea level.If by the height above sea level that pressure sensor is measured in given position and the landform sea corresponding to the positionDegree of lifting is entirely different, then device can recalibrate pressure sensor (or recalibrate its processing from pressure sensorThe mode of data).

In more detail this situation is discussed referring to Figure 18.Figure 18 describes to recalibrate pressure sensor based on terrain dataThe flow chart of technology.

In figure 18, technology 1800 can start in frame 1802, and wherein device (for example, biometric tracks of device) can be fromThe position determination system of a certain form receives position data.It is used as recalibrated herein with respect to altimeter, location determinationSystem may include satellite-based position determination system (such as GPS or GLONASS)；Triangulation system based on cellular tower,Location lookup, radio frequency identification (RFID) label lookup system, near-field communication (NFC) label lookup system based on WiFi and availableTo provide any other system of XY positions.In general, position determination system often relies on from separate location and determines systemDevice (for example, satellite, RFID label tag, server, Wi-Fi hotspot etc.) receive data.These remote-control devices are typically secured toAppropriate location (for example, cellular tower and Wi-Fi hotspot) is capable of providing the pole accurate information about its position (for example, GPS is defendedStar).This data can then be used to determine position determination system relative to these known locations wherein by position determination system.However, in some embodiments, position determination system, which can utilize camera to obtain image, (automatically or from resident has location determinationImage selection captured by the user of the device of system), described image can be analyzed to determine position.For example, this system canIt analyzes image and determining horizon includes the specific outline for corresponding to the image data in associated database.Described imageData can be associated with the specific position in database, and system can be based on the similarity between image horizon and image dataDetermining image is shot (and specific position therefore can be used as position data) in specific location.These are based on imageTechnology is not limited to horizon outline identification, guide signing (for example, road sign, business designaton, terrestrial reference mark etc.), building, terrestrial referenceDeng the potential feature based on image that can search for that all may act as may correspond to specific position, and can be true by the position based on cameraSystem is determined using to obtain position data.

Position data can be provided by the position determination system being located in same apparatus or different device.For example, intelligenceWristwatch-type biometric monitoring arrangement may include both pressure sensor and GPS receiver, and therefore can be obtained from GPS receiverPosition data.However, in some of the other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can not include airborne position determination system,But alternatively comprising for example for matching the communication functionality of smart phone communications.In these embodiments, smart phoneThere can be GPS receiver, and biometric monitoring arrangement can obtain position by asking such data from smart phoneData；Therefore smart phone may act as the position determining means about biometric monitoring arrangement.This invention is intended to cover to haveIt is loaded with the device of pressure sensor and location determining function and is loaded with pressure sensor but dependent on such as wirelessly access bitIn both over-the-counter devices of position determination system.

In frame 1804, first position can be determined from position data.In some embodiments, first position can be from positionIt puts data and obtains single coordinate.However, in other embodiments, first position can be the multiple seats obtained from position dataMark the average value of (for example, last 20 position corrections).In other embodiments again, first position can be multiple positions.

In frame 1806, device can be in history terrain data collection (for example, topographic contour database or atlas etc.)Search first position.History terrain data collection can be used to determine the first terrain elevation corresponding to first position in device.In some embodiments, history terrain data collection can directly provide this data.It in other embodiments, can be it is necessary to implementThese terrain elevations are extracted in analysis to a certain degree.Figure 21 A to 21C discuss the example of this analysis deeper into ground.

In frame 1808, the first altitude data associated with first position can be received from pressure sensor.Ying LiSolution, about all altimeter correlation disclosures presented herein, " altitude data " can be used to mean post-treatedAltitude data, such as " X ft " or " X meters "；It can be considered as representing pressure data such as " 0.98 air of height above sea levelPressure " or " 14.6psi "；Or represent the voltage or current signal of height above sea level or pressure.One of ordinary skill in the art willUnderstanding how to be converted between these different data formats, although and discussion herein and the appended claims can joinIt examines " altitude data " or " data for representing height above sea level ", it should be understood that within the scope of the invention, this data can be in differenceIt is freely converted between form.For example, the first terrain elevation according to foot can be obtained, and can obtain and believe according to voltageNumber the first altitude data.Voltage signal can be then converted into the lattice for allowing to be compared with the first terrain elevationFormula (or vice versa).

In frame 1810, the first altitude data can be compared with the first terrain elevation.If therebetweenIn the presence of the difference more than specific threshold (for example, 5ft), then pressure sensor can be based on the first terrain elevation in frame 1812To recalibrate.Different pressures sensor can have different recalibration technologies.In some embodiments, pressure sensor canHaving the function of can be by device access and the recalibration to recalibrate pressure sensor.In other embodiments, pressureSensor can not be recalibrated in inside, and device can need to recalibrate the output from sensor using post processing.Once performing recalibration, technology can be related to continuing to frame 1814, wherein technology can again return to frame 1802 itPreceding pause.If you do not need to it recalibrates, as determined in frame 1810, then technology can continue directly to frame 1814.It shouldUnderstand, in some embodiments, frame 1814 can not involve waiting for, i.e. stand-by period=0 second, and it is real to recalibrate technologyThe height above sea level that can be always measured at present terrain data inspection on border.However, in given drift or the weather of being for example attributed toError in pressure sensor readings is less likely in the case of quickly occurring, and the angle that expense is saved and handled from power is comeIt sees, is held with time interval (for example, every 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes etc.) spaced apartRow, which is recalibrated, to be checked and can be advantageous.In some embodiments, time interval can be set between 1 second and 24 hours.

Certainly, although being rendered as what is substantially recycled, the technology of Figure 18 and the other technologies being discussed herein below also can be by realitiesIt tramples for one way technology and without automatic cycle behavior.

Figure 19 describes for based on the stream of the technology of terrain data recalibration pressure sensor obtained from remote-control deviceCheng Tu.

In Figure 19, technology 1900 can start in frame 1902, and wherein device (for example, biometric tracks of device) can be fromThe position determination system of a certain form receives position data, about the same with frame 1802.It, can be true from position data in frame 1904Determine first position, and about the same with frame 1804.

In frame 1906, device can be in the history terrain data collection from remote-control device (for example, topographic contour data setOr atlas etc.) in search first position, it is about the same with frame 1806 to obtain the first terrain elevation.For example,The various online databases of history terrain data, such as the third party of US Geological Survey's database, terrain data can be seeked advice fromSpecial supplier or other terrain source datas, such as other users from similar biometric monitoring arrangement (or other devices)Altimeter data can be mapped through position, and to generate history terrain data collection, then, the history terrain data collection is subsequentIt can be used as the source of history terrain data by biometric monitoring arrangement.Can this data set of structuring will to come from compared with neoformation meterThe altitude data of amount monitoring arrangement is weighted to the journey bigger than the altitude data from older biometric monitoring arrangementDegree (or excluding the altitude data from the biometric monitoring arrangement within certain age).Because some pressure sensingsDevice/barometertic altimeter can be ageing with its and experience is drifted about, so such weighting (or exclusion) can reduce older biometric prisonContribution of the view apparatus (and its replacer) to data pool.These technologies can be changed and monitored with more advantageously handling from biometricThe data of device, the biometric monitoring arrangement is although older, but regularly recalibrates, and therefore in performance can with it is relatively newBiometric monitoring arrangement is suitable, such as compared with the older biometric monitoring arrangement infrequently recalibrated.In frameIn 1908, the first terrain elevation can be received by biometric monitoring arrangement from remote-control device.

Device can by the use of a certain form wired or wireless communication interface (for example, WiFi, bluetooth etc.) as establish with it is remoteThe mechanism of the communication of range device it is part or all of.

In general, history terrain data can be stored locally in for example passes containing pressure sensor and/or location determinationIn the same apparatus of sensor or be remotely stored in such as contrast means (for example, smart phone) or be stored in can via becauseIn the server of spy's net access.Local storage can have the communication connection not needed to remote-control device and result allows dataThe benefit comparatively fast accessed, but cost for increased power consumption and increased nonvolatile memory memory requirement, (go through by storageHistory terrain data can need relatively great amount of memory space, such as compared with the data stored by biometric monitoring arrangementCompared with).In some embodiments, mixed method can be used, wherein device can download the son of history terrain data from remote-control deviceCollection, and subset is being locally stored, such as local cache is attributed to it with being associated with for peripheral region and with the height being referencedSpend the terrain data of possibility.These conventions are applicable to perform any of the pressure sensor recalibration based on terrain dataDevice.

In frame 1910, the first altitude data associated with first position can be received from pressure sensor.In frameIn 1912, the first altitude data can be compared with the first terrain elevation.If it is more than specific to exist therebetweenThe difference of threshold value (for example, 5ft), then pressure sensor can be recalibrated in frame 1914 based on the first terrain elevation,It is about the same with frame 1812.Once performing recalibration, technology can be related to continuing to frame 1916, and wherein technology can be againIt is secondary to suspend before back to frame 1902.If you do not need to it recalibrates, as determined in frame 1912, then technology can continue directly toProceed to frame 1916.It should be understood that in some embodiments, frame 1916 can not involve waiting for, i.e. stand-by period=0 second,And recalibrate the height above sea level that technology actually can always measure terrain data inspection at present.However, for example return givenBecause in drift or weather pressure sensor readings in error be less likely quickly occur in the case of, from power save and fromFrom the perspective of managing expense, with time interval spaced apart (for example, every 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 pointsClock, 60 minutes etc.) perform recalibrate check can be advantageous.

Figure 20 shows the figure of imaginary pressure or height above sea level to the time.As can be seen, displaying represents the data of height above sea levelTwo figure, one represent " practical height above sea level ", i.e. barometertic altimeter true height above sea level, and another represent " measureHeight above sea level ", i.e., such as by barometertic altimeter measure height above sea level.X-axis represents time quantum.As can be seen, with the timeAdvance, two height above sea level figures be attributed to provide measure altitude data pressure sensor gentle drift and drift aboutIt separates.This becomes more and more significant during drifting in the drift period 2002.During 2004, retouched based on such as above and belowThe technologies such as the technology stated recalibrate pressure sensor.In 2006, it can be seen that the height above sea level of the measurement of recalibrationIt is mapped closely together practical height above sea level.

As mentioned, several technologies can be used to determine terrain elevation from terrain data collection based on XY positions.It is in hereafterThese several examples are showed, but these are not intended to restricted, and substitute listed example or in addition to listed realityExample except or with listed example it is combined, the various other technologies for obtaining terrain elevation can be used.

Figure 21 A show for determined from history terrain data terrain elevation a technology in terms of.Figure 21 A are shownTopographic map with XY positions 2108 (being marked by dimension position 2104 and longitude station 2102).So shape of multiposition measuringCondition may be present the error represented by envelope 2106 and (be in this situation circle, but in some embodiments, have other shapesShape).Envelope 2106 can be segmented into section 2110a, 2110b, 2110c and 2110d by the contour of terrain data collection.In order to reachTerrain elevation, the height above sea level represented by each section can be multiplied by respective segments area and then phase adduction divided by packet togetherThe gross area of network.This can provide the averaged power spectrum to the terrain elevation in error envelope 2106.

Figure 21 B show for determined from history terrain data terrain elevation another technology in terms of.Figure 21 B are also opened upShow the topographic map with XY positions 2108 (being marked by dimension position 2104 and longitude station 2102).In this example, landform seaDegree of lifting can be by using near topographic contour height above sea level or by including two topographic contours together by XY positionsHeight above sea level average or by being carried out between the height above sea level that XY positions are included to two topographic contours togetherInterpolation (such as interpolation along the line of shortest length compared with both contour and XY positions) and obtain.

Figure 21 C show for determined from history terrain data terrain elevation another technology in terms of.Figure 21 C are also opened upShow the topographic map with XY positions 2108 (being marked by dimension position 2104 and longitude station 2102).Figure 21 C also show that error packetNetwork 2106 and multiple dge unloadings point 2114a, 2114b, 2114c, 2114d, 2114e, 2114f, 2114g and 2114h.HereinIn technology, terrain elevation can by each of sample point place (and in some of the other embodiments, in XY positionsAt 2108) terrain elevation average and obtain.

Certainly, also can be used other technologies for obtaining terrain elevation from terrain data collection and its belong to the present inventionIn the range of.

In some embodiments, the frequency that pressure sensor or barometertic altimeter are recalibrated can changing based on XY positionsBecome to adjust.Figure 22 describes for the flow chart of a technology based on the change recalibration pressure sensor in XY positions.

In fig. 22, technology 2200 can start in frame 2202, and wherein device (for example, biometric tracks of device) can be fromThe position determination system of a certain form receives position data, about the same with frame 1802.It, can be true from position data in frame 2204Determine first position, and about the same with frame 1804.In frame 2206, device can be in history terrain data collection (for example, landform is contourLine database or atlas etc.) in search first position, it is about the same with frame 1806 or 1906.In frame 2208, biometricMonitoring arrangement can receive and the relevant altitude data in first position from pressure sensor.It, can be about whether in frame 2210Pressure sensor is recalibrated based on the difference between altitude data and the first terrain elevation to be determined.It is if poor highIn first threshold, then pressure sensor can be recalibrated in frame 2212 before frame 2214 is continued to.If notIn this way, then technology can continue directly to frame 2214.In frame 2214, it may be determined that the first terrain elevation difference threshold value.In frame 2216, can analysis of history terrain data to determine not only near first position but also the first terrain elevation difference threshold value of ratioThe high or low second position, such as compared with first position.In frame 2218, it may be determined that between first position and the second positionDistance.In frame 2220, the distance between first position and the second position setting period renewal time can be at least partially based on.It liftsFor example, period renewal time can be fixed, and be set based on distance or based on distance divided by present speed, for example, such asFruit distance is 10mph for 5 miles and present speed, then period renewal time may be set to 0.5 hour.These embodiments canAssuming that pressure sensor recalibration can not be required, until the wearer of device so that altitude change is more than the first landform seaUntil pulling out difference in height threshold value, and the potential event is far less likely to occur, until people has at least been advanced enough far to reach this thingPart is to be possible until the above the fold.

In some embodiments, period renewal time can be based on distance but also be dynamic.For example, if distanceIt it is 5 miles, then period renewal time can be set so that it is for example amounted in the instruction of biometric monitoring arrangement has crossed 5 EnglishIn when it is expired.Once period renewal time is expired in frame 2222, technology can return to frame 2202.

In another embodiment, the first terrain elevation difference threshold value also can be used to establish " fence ".When the pendant of deviceWhen wearer is not yet advanced to enough far potentially to reach the edge of fence, it will be assumed that its practical height above sea level is not higher than the firstShape altitude difference threshold value, and if pressure sensor instruction is higher than the height above sea level of the first terrain elevation difference threshold value, thatIt can be through recalibrating to the first terrain elevation difference threshold value.This situation can have special-purpose in big flat site,Wherein there is few height above sea level variation apart from interior greatly.In the more advanced embodiment of this concept, fenceCan actually be defined by the contour of history terrain data collection, and the real world XY positions of user can with regular time interval withFence compares, to determine if to have passed past fence boundary, if it is not crossed, but pressure sensor instruction than toThe height above sea level for answering possible height above sea level high in the case of determining height above sea level in fence, then pressure sensing can be recalibratedDevice.For example, if people walks along the seabeach by steep cliff and sea description, then steep cliff can define the part of " fence ".From history terrain data, seabeach can be through being determined as height above sea level 0ft to 10ft, and steep cliff may be greater than the height above sea level of 10ft.If user stays on the beach, i.e., in fence, then its height above sea level theoretically should be between 0ft and 10ft, if pressureSensor is indicated compared with High aititude height, then the recalibration of the pressure sensor of the executable height above sea level based on 10ft.OrPerson checks in addition, recalibration can be performed when the user of device crosses seabeach to " steep cliff " region.

Figure 23 describe be used for the proximity depending on pressure sensor and building for recalibrating pressure sensorTechnology flow chart.Technique described above provides the gas based on the difference between terrain elevation and the height above sea level of measurementPress the recalibration of altimeter or pressure sensor.In some cases, for given position, the data of terrain data and measurementIt can not correspond to, but two height above sea levels can be largely correct.For example, if altimeter or pressure sensorPositioned at being also at XY positions of position (or near this building) that building is located at by chance, then exist and carry pressure and passProbability of the people of sensor actually in building, and if building is multilayer, then people can be at being above the ground level tensOr the practical height above sea level of hundreds of feet (that is, higher than possible terrain elevation tens or hundreds of feet).Based on these positionsThe terrain elevation at place recalibrates pressure sensor in fact can improperly calibrating pressure sensor.Thus, for weightSome technologies of new calibrating pressure sensor are contemplated that (or permissible people is in the height above sea level different from ground level to nearby buildingsDegree) proximity.

In fig 23, technology 2300 can start in frame 2302, and wherein device (for example, biometric tracks of device) can be fromThe position determination system of a certain form receives position data, about the same with frame 1802.It, can be true from position data in frame 2304Determine first position, and about the same with frame 1804.In frame 2306, device can be in history terrain data collection (for example, landform is contourLine database or atlas etc.) in search first position, it is about the same with frame 1806 or 1906.In frame 2308, biometricMonitoring arrangement can receive and the relevant altitude data in first position from pressure sensor.It, can be about whether in frame 2310Pressure sensor is recalibrated based on the difference between altitude data and the first terrain elevation to be determined.It is if poor highIn first threshold, then pressure sensor can be recalibrated in frame 2312 before frame 2314 is continued to.If notIn this way, then technology can continue directly to frame 2314.In frame 2314, it may be determined that first threshold distance.In frame 2316,It can determine first position whether in the first threshold distance of building (or other similar structures).Using USGS data, (it is passed throughOften comprising the information on boundary for showing the building in its data set) or other suppliers, it can be possible, example that these, which are determined,Such as, Google Maps includes building boundary information (and alternatively, the 3D models of the building in many metropolitan areas).In frame 2318, period renewal time can be changed to consider the proximity with building.In some cases, first threshold distance canIt is set as the value of the estimation error based on location determination.For example, if location determination is accurate in 30ft, then theOne threshold distance may be set to 31ft.Therefore, if location determination instruction building leaves 30ft, then school again can not be performedStandard, because the people of wearable device actually (can be attributed to the uncertainty in location determination) in building.If however, positionIt puts and determines that instruction building leaves 32ft, then executable recalibrate checks, because even being to consider in location determination notCertainty, the people of wearable device are also less likely in building.

For example, period renewal time can pressure sensor building (or any building) first threshold away fromFrom internal loss or suspension, and can be in pressure sensor in the distance more than the first threshold distance away from building or other structuresWhen restart or terminate.In other embodiments, can simply extend period renewal time for example checks every exampleWhether the altimeter recalibration such as half an hour or one hour is necessary, to avoid the need for constantly reexamining current XYPosition is relative to the building whereabouts reflected in history terrain data.

Figure 24 describes for the flow chart of another technology based on the change recalibration pressure sensor in XY positions.In Figure 24, technology 2400 can start in frame 2402, and wherein device (for example, biometric tracks of device) can be from a certain formPosition determination system receives position data, about the same with frame 1802.In frame 2404, first can be determined from position dataIt puts, and about the same with frame 1804.In frame 2406, device can be in history terrain data collection (for example, topographic contour databaseOr atlas etc.) in search first position, it is about the same with frame 1806 or 1906.In frame 2408, biometric monitoring arrangementIt can be received and the relevant altitude data in first position from pressure sensor.It, can be about whether based on height above sea level in frame 2410Difference between altitude information and the first terrain elevation is recalibrated pressure sensor and is determined.If difference is higher than the first thresholdValue, then pressure sensor can be recalibrated in frame 2412 before frame 2414 is continued to., if it is not, soTechnology can continue directly to frame 2414.In frame 2414, it may be determined that first threshold distance.In frame 2416, it may be determined that theTwo positions.If the second position is far from first position at least first threshold distance, then technology can return to frame 2402.If noIt is in this way, then technology can return to frame 2416 for collecting another second position.Using this technology, pressure sensor is againCalibration checks the presetting distance (example previously put that can lose the necessity recalibrated until pressure sensor movement away from assessmentSuch as, first threshold distance) until.In some embodiments, first threshold distance can be land distance, i.e., substantially planar(in addition to it may consider the curvature of earth surface).In other embodiments, first threshold distance can be for example to be also contemplated forThe absolute distance of altitude change.In this situation, first threshold distance is also known as translation distance threshold value.For example, thisThreshold value can be between 50ft and 200ft, 500ft and 1000ft or other values in other ranges.

Figure 25 describes for the flow chart of the technology based on slope recalibration pressure sensor.In fig. 25, technology2500 can start in frame 2502, and wherein device (for example, biometric tracks of device) can be from the location determination system of a certain formSystem receives position data, about the same with frame 1802.In frame 2504, first position, and and frame can be determined from position data1804 is about the same.In frame 2506, device can be in history terrain data collection (for example, topographic contour database or atlasDeng) in search first position, it is about the same with frame 1806 or 1906.In frame 2508, biometric monitoring arrangement can be from pressureSensor receives and relevant first altitude data in first position.It, can be about whether based on the first height above sea level in frame 2510Difference between altitude information and the first terrain elevation is recalibrated pressure sensor and is determined.If difference is higher than the first thresholdValue, then pressure sensor can be recalibrated in frame 2512 before frame 2514 is continued to., if it is not, soTechnology can continue directly to frame 2514.In frame 2514, it may be determined that first threshold slope.

In frame 2516, the second position can be determined from position determination system, and in frame 2518, can be connect from pressure sensorIt receives and relevant second altitude data in the second position.In frame 2520, it can be based on by the first altitude data and secondThe altitude difference and the distance between first position and the second position that altitude data represents calculate slope.In frame 2522In, slope can compared with first threshold slope, and if slope be more than first threshold slope, then technology can return to frame2502.If slope be no more than first threshold slope, then technology can return to frame 2516, and can assemble other second positions andSecond altitude data.

In some embodiments, as discussed in considerable detail above, location determination is using the imaging from camera.It liftsExample for, have pressure sensor and access the image data from camera device can obtain at first position shoot withPressure sensor height above sea level or associated first image of reading.Then image can be analyzed to determine the sea based on the first imageDegree of lifting, mode that then can be identical with mode of the terrain elevation in technology discussed herein above use to determineWhether need to recalibrate pressure sensor, i.e., if based on the height above sea level of the first image and the sea by pressure sensor measurementDifference between degree of lifting is more than first threshold amount, then pressure sensor can be doomed to lack calibration, and can be used based on the first figureThe height above sea level of picture is recalibrated.

In some embodiments, based on the height above sea level of the first image can by analyze image with determine for example corresponding toThe horizon outline of certain view associated with specific XY positions and height above sea level determines.This data can be from reference pictureIt is retrieved in database, each reference picture is associated at least height above sea level.Image can be with the reference picture phase from databaseCompare, and if the suitable matching of positioning, then the altitude data for matching reference picture can be used as based on the first imageHeight above sea level.

In the alternative of other embodiments, optical character recognition OCR (OCR) can be used to analyze and pressure sensorHeight above sea level measures associated image to determine to whether there is text based information in image.It is based on if existed in imageThe information of text, then (for example, anatomy) text based information can be analyzed to determine text based information whether comprising seaPull out data.For example, many common hiking destinations, wind scape observation tower and other focus are included and are listed at the pointHeight above sea level and other data mark (such as seeing Figure 26 A).These height above sea level are usually quite accurate, because it is derived from investigatingData.Figure 26 A describe the photo of the mark at the Ta Mapeisishan of California, and it includes height above sea level keyword " height above sea level " and " EnglishRuler ", therebetween with numerical value.Using based on image pressure sensor recalibrate device can analyze text based data withPosition these height above sea level keywords (similar phrase such as " elev ", " alt ", " height above sea level ", " height " and " ht ", asNon-limiting examples can also act as representing the indicator of altitude data followed by or numeric data on next line).As non-limiting examples, such as the terms such as " m ", " ft ", " foot ", " meter " or " rice " may act as instruction numerical value height above sea levelThe unit keyword of the unit of quantity.Numerical value height above sea level quantity is usually located at height above sea level keyword and unit in this markBetween keyword, and therefore easily extraction.Once from the text based data extraction from image data, in fact can makeBy the use of height above sea level as in the first terrain elevation in technology above or technology discussed herein above based on theThe height above sea level of one image.

In the relevant embodiments, even if the mark of text based information in image or other sources do not have explicitlyThe altitude data listed, text based information still can be compared with the databases of text based entry, to determine baseWhether correspond to the data base entries of associated height above sea level in the information of text.If it is determined that matching, then relatedThe height above sea level of connection can then be used as height above sea level or the first landform sea based on the first image in technology discussed herein aboveDegree of lifting.

It should be understood that although technology above discusses the calibration of the altimeter using location information and such as terrain information,Can location information oppositely be refined based on the altitude data from altimeter using similar techniques.For example, ifGPS location determines there is big estimation error, and user is in the area with a large amount of topography variations, then altimeter height above sea levelThe area that the terrain data that data are mapped in the estimation error of location determination is concentrated.Belonging to the area in estimation error canModified height above sea level, and altitude data can be used to eliminate or filter out in estimation error and do not had according to terrain dataThere are the possible XY positions of matching height above sea level (or it is more likely that height above sea level) in the first threshold of height above sea level.CitingFor, if people is taken on the ground with uniform slope and estimation error leads to that the XY positions of people are located in the slopeBig border circular areas, then the XY positions of people is allowed to narrow to the narrowband in border circular areas, therefore improve using altimeter dataLocation determination.

Although the above technology for altimeter to be recalibrated is summarized about barometertic altimeter, it to be used for altimeterThe similar techniques of recalibration use for developable other types of altimeter, and the present invention be embraced within their scope thisA little embodiments.

Altimeter assists gesture recognition

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include that altimeter, such as barometertic altimeter or pressure passSensor (or with similar or more best performance other types of altimeter) and other biometric sensors (such as accelerateMeter, heart rate sensor etc.) and/or environmental sensor (for example, ambient light sensor, ambient air quality sensor etc.).Such as elder generationPreceding to be discussed, barometertic altimeter can be quite accurate, outstanding for the variation for measuring the height above sea level in short cycle (for example, several seconds)It is so (opposite with absolute altitude).

Generally, for being worn on arm, forearm, wrist, hand or the finger of people (or in some embodiments,On the leg of people, shank, foot or toe) biometric monitoring arrangement, the height above sea level number of degrees from biometric monitoring arrangementAccording to (as discussed above, may include indicating that the data of practical height above sea level, instruction can represent the data of pressure of height above sea levelAnd can be used to determine height above sea level (for example, voltage output of pressure sensor) the data from sensor) can with come it is spontaneousOne or more biometric sensors of object metering monitoring arrangement are (for example, accelerometer, magnetometer, gyro sensor, piezoelectricity passSensor, electromagnetic tracker, tracker based on camera etc.) time correspond to exercise data combination, to identify various types of appearancesGesture.These postures can be posture or the movement of the characteristic for example with specific activities or movement.For example, waving baseball bat canIt is considered as a kind of posture of classification, and the posture of another category can be considered as by crooking one's arm to lift the dumbbell.

Figure 27 describes the simplified block diagram of the example biometric monitoring arrangement with altimeter and position determination system.Such as may be usedSee, the biometric monitoring arrangement of Figure 27, which includes, to be connected to be formed at one or more of controller 2702 communicatively to each otherManage device 2704 and memory 2706.Controller 2702 and altimeter or pressure sensor 2708 and with one or more motion sensors2710 (for example, sensor, such as accelerometer, gyro sensor and/or magnetometer) connect by correspondence.

Figure 28, which describes, to be used to wear to identify using the altitude data from biometric monitoring arrangement and exercise dataThe flow chart of the technology for the posture that the people for wearing biometric monitoring arrangement is made.Technology 2800 can start in frame 2802, whereinAltitude data (can determine sea by the altitude sensor of a certain type for example, can detect height above sea level or provideThe barometertic altimeter of the output for degree of lifting or other sensors) it receives.As discussed previously about altimeter recalibration hereinIt states, term " height above sea level " (is included for example from pressure herein to refer to height above sea level and can export the data of height above sea levelBoth the pressure data of force snesor, voltage level from pressure sensor etc.).In some embodiments, for example, fromThe data of pressure sensor can be from the work unit's (for example, foot or rice) for being not converted into linear range measurement, to identify spyDetermine posture, however, the pressure change reflected in this data still can be used as the indicator of height above sea level variation, and should be understood that notPipe device is to combine the altitude data of foundation foot or rice (distance) processing or according to pressure or certain other processed in unitsAltitude data using exercise data, the scope of the present invention is all intended to cover such purposes, and at least with institute hereinThe term " altitude data " of the altimeter auxiliary gesture recognition of discussion or " height above sea level " are intended to comprising these embodiments.

In frame 2804, exercise data can be captured from one or more motion sensors of biometric monitoring arrangement.At thisIn the example discussed in text, this exercise data takes the form of accelerometer data, but the movement number of other forms can also be usedAccording to, such as gyro data or magnetometer data.It should be understood that assist gesture recognition technology about altimeter discussed hereinAnd system, term " exercise data " also may include indicating the data (being moved without describing) of instantaneous position or orientation.However,In the case of giving the output that these are oriented or position sensor can provide the variation based on these orientations or position and change, thisData at least can slightly indicate the movement undergone by biometric monitoring arrangement.The movement number captured from biometric monitoring arrangementAccording to the movement or orientation that can reflect the opposite Mr. Yu's external reference system of biometric monitoring arrangement, and it can be used to infer and wear biometerMeasure position or the movement of the limbs of monitoring arrangement.For example, for Wrist watch type biometric monitoring arrangement, biometric monitoringDevice it is wearable on the forearm of people near wrist joint.Therefore, the exercise data from biometric monitoring arrangement can reflectWear the movement of the forearm of biometric monitoring arrangement.

In frame 2806, can about exercise data and altitude data whether in combination with selected from multiple arm movable pulleysThe first wide arm movable pulley exterior feature correlation is determined.These arms movement profile can take expression movement and altitude dataThe diversified forms of pattern etc. include the movement of such as time windowing and height above sea level characteristic.It in some cases, can be by biometricMonitoring arrangement is placed in AD HOC (for example, resistance-training mode), and activity pattern can cause multiple arms to move profile by mistakeFilter is so that arm movement profile only related with activity pattern can be used for selecting.

In frame 2808, it can store and the wide associated data of the first arm movable pulley.For example, this data may includeSuch as performance or user's shape data (instruction performs posture " how well " with certain standard gestures compared with), progress how many times appearanceThe data such as the repetition of gesture, these postures last long, the frequency of posture.Thus, for example resistance exercise is taken exercise, biologyMetering monitoring arrangement can recognize that various postures associated with exercises of different types of resistance exercise (and avoid identification and non-resistanceAssociated posture is tempered in training).

Can be used to the example of the arm movement profile of identification given pose may include, but be not limited to, and be similar to represent for exampleThe arm movement profile of the arm motion of one or more activities of the following：Rest, running, walking, elliptic exercise, resistance instructionPractice exercise, chin-up, push-up, sit-ups, rope skipping and AEROBIC DANCE.

Although it is worn on the forearm of people it should be understood that the discussion of gesture recognition is assisted to concentrate on herein with respect to altimeterThe use of biometric monitoring arrangement, and concentrate on the identification of the arm posture based on arm movement profile, but similar concept andTechnology can be used for being worn in other positions the biometric monitoring arrangement of (for example, on leg, upper arm, finger of people etc.).Where appropriate, the concept of arm movement profile is applicable to leg movement profile (wearing biometric monitoring arrangement for leg), hand movesDriving wheel is wide, finger moves profile etc..In addition, although discussion herein concentrates on the wearing of single biometric monitoring arrangement,But also multiple biometric monitoring arrangements can be used to put into practice for these technologies.For example, people can wear biology on its forearmMonitoring arrangement is measured, and the second biometric monitoring arrangement is worn on the upper arm of identical arm；The two biometrics monitorDevice can communicate with one another to promote data sharing.This each biometric monitoring arrangement can provide altitude data and movement numberAccording to can be used to provide the additional insight of the posture that can be made about the mobility and human arm of human arm.

Figure 29 descriptions are worn on biometric monitoring arrangement on people's forearm and for biometric monitoring arrangement accelerationThe coordinate system of sensor；This coordinate system is referred to about Figure 30 to ZU.For the sake of clarity, Figure 29, which describes, wears wrist strap pattern biologyMeasure the human arm of monitoring arrangement.For discussion purposes, it is assumed that the motion sensor such as triaxial accelerometer is contained in biometerIt measures in monitoring arrangement, wherein X-axis is aligned with the forearm of people and extends in the positive direction towards the wrist of the people on the arm, YAxis is transverse to forearm and is typically parallel to the face of biometric monitoring arrangement and (in this situation, is parallel to hand/palm of people and prolongsStretch the little finger far from people), and Z axis is transverse to forearm and perpendicular to Y-axis.Certainly, other coordinate systems can be used, because of coordinate systemSelection be relatively arbitrary, this coordinate system is merely for discussing purpose.

Figure 30 describes the push type resistance exercise associated posture of exercise and can be used to identify the imagination of the posture with crouchingMovement and the example of altitude data.Sleeping push type resistance exercise, which takes exercise to behave, leans against its back (usually in the stool of kneecap heightOn) and barbell (or other weights) is lowered into chest level and then lifts forging of barbell until its arm is straight upwardsRefining (the left figure expression in Figure 30 is lowered into nearly chest level, and right figure shows that the arm of people is straight and barbell is picked up).Black arrowHead instruction is in the approximate orientation of a sleeping X-axis of deferring；White arrow indicates the movement of barbell.In typical case crouches and pushes away, barbell moves upBy the distance, delta h of a part of management and control of the length and people's forearm of people's upper arm, for example, people's forearm length (as surveyed from elbow to wristAmount) the distance between with the length (as measured by from people shoulder to human wrist) of human arm.Certainly, this distance may depend on discussionIn people physical attribute and change, but usually this Δ h can be between 1 foot and 2 feet.

It should be understood that for any one of technology of gesture recognition discussed herein, the spy of classification posture can be used toThe default value for example derived from demographic information can be based on or can be what is customized for the physique of people by being sized value.Citing comesIt says, the people with shorter arm may customize the parameter of the length for describing its forearm and its length of upper arm, and these custom values canTo determine the appropriate value of Δ h.

Datagram expression shown in the bottom of Figure 30 is obtained from the accelerometer in biometric monitoring arrangement and altimeterImaginary data, the biometric monitoring arrangement is worn on people's in this situation and other similar examples discussed belowOn forearm.Shown acceleration information is related with the acceleration measured by the accelerometer being aligned with X-axis.Thus, acceleration informationIt is attributable to the pulling of earth gravitational field and shows largely constant negative 1G acceleration.Acceleration information can also be in peopleSlight change (not shown) is shown when lifting and put down weight, but the magnitude of these situations is likely less than can belong to earth weightThe acceleration in the field of force.In this situation, because people's forearm be oriented between sleeping defer change it is minimum, so X-axis acceleration can be protectedIt holds relative constant.Contrastingly, imaginary altimeter data shows extremely notable cycle behavior, the wherein height above sea level of the wrist of peopleMove up and down distance, delta h.This mobile each cycle may correspond to the repetition taken exercise or " rep ".

For deep-knee-bend swaged forging refining also can observe similar characteristics, such as in deep-knee-bend, people can be caught across its shoulder barbell orWeight, wherein its upper arm are downwardly oriented and its forearm is upwardly-directed, and then its leg is bent to move up and down barbell.In order to be based onAltitude data and exercise data are distinguished in deep-knee-bend and sleeping push away between exercise, can it is necessary to use additional sensors.It liftsFor example, if people wears additional biometric tracks of device on upper arm and (has the coordinate system being similarly oriented, such as wherein XAxis is aligned with upper arm), then the x-axis data of the biometric monitoring arrangement of upper arm positioning can it is sleeping push away exercise during show notIt is same as the behavior during deep-knee-bend is taken exercise.For example, in deep-knee-bend, the arm of people can keep relatively that body is relatively solid to its upperIt is fixed, and the acceleration therefore measured by the biometric monitoring arrangement of upper arm positioning can not suffer from any play during deep-knee-bend is taken exerciseStrong variation.Contrastingly, exercise is pushed away sleeping, upper arm is from the horizontal or slight position transition positioned downwards to being facing perpendicularly to topTo.These transformations can be in exercise data it is clear that and can be used to be differentiated between auxiliary is taken exercise at two.For twoAnother potential means differentiated between a exercise are by using Δ h；Deep-knee-bend can relate to than can observe in sleeping push awayHeight above sea level variation greatly height above sea level variation.

The data such as the data shown in Figure 30 can be copied, but also can or replace by finding the arm movement profile of these behaviorsProfile is moved using other arms in generation ground.For example, by accelerometer data (or other exercise datas) and altitude dataThe various combinations of the orientation of instruction can be used to determine for exercise data and the given set of corresponding altitude data which handArm movement profile is best fit.For example, if altitude data indicates wearable biometric monitoring arrangement warpGo through about a upper arm lengths and a upper arm lengths add the height above sea level between a forearm increase (for example, forFor typical human, between about 0.5ft and 2ft), (or in some embodiments, exist followed by after period first timeBefore period first time) second time period during height above sea level similar reduction, and the forearm of people is first andSubstantially perpendicular upward direction (that is, wherein hand being kept to be higher than elbow) is kept during two time cycles, then this behavior can be interpretedTo indicate that sleeping pushing hands arm moves profile.

If detect multiple substantially continuous examples of movement relevant with arm movement profile and height above sea level, such asObvious four examples in the data of Figure 30, then this each example can be interpreted as related to selected arm movement profileThe repetition of the exercise of connection.Therefore, sleeping 4 repetitions pushed away are represented in Figure 30.

In some embodiments, it can identify that arm moves profile in real time.However, in other embodiments, biologyMeasuring monitoring arrangement can check exercise data and altitude data so that cyclic behaviour in the case of with certain delayIt can become readily apparent from.For example, it is common to carry out this training to people to perform same forging in the context taken exercise in resistance exerciseThe general character of height may be present in each exercise data and altitude data that this is repeated of exercise in the multiplicating of refining, canPromote the data of extraction once repeatedly using any one of various forms of pattern analyses, can then assess the data with trueWhether the fixed data once repeated are related to the data of selected arm movement profile.In some embodiments, biometric is supervisedView apparatus can be configured so that arm movement edge analysis only occurs after the set of periodic data trace terminates, canIndicate the end of the set of a type of exercise.Hereafter process of aggregation can provide the more accurate estimation to overall performance, but can beIt needs not applying in the case of providing Real-time Feedback to user.For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement is configured toPlay out music every five repetitions that resistance exercise is taken exercise, then biometric monitoring arrangement will need to monitor in real time with it is describedThe appearance number of associated posture is tempered so that repeat count is accurate and is newest.

Figure 31 describes posture associated with side cope raise resistance exercise exercise (side raise swaged forging also called herein is refined)And it can be used to identify the imagination movement of the posture and the example of altitude data.

Side cope raise resistance exercise is taken exercise catches the exercise of dumbbell (or to hold to the approximate weight for people in every proficiencyOne equipment), arm in both sides is stood, and then rotates each arm so that arm substantially exists each other around shoulderIt is on one line and horizontal.Arm is turn allowed for return to the side of people.

Left figure in Figure 31 represents that the side cope raise when the arm of people is in its both sides is taken exercise, and right figure displaying stretching hand with armThe same person opened.The approximate orientation of black arrow instruction X-axis during side cope raise is taken exercise；White arrow indicates the movement of dumbbell.In typical side lift, dumbbell moves up distance, delta h, length management and control of the distance usually by people's upper arm and forearm altogether.WhenSo, the physical attribute for the people that this distance may depend in discussing and change, but usually this Δ h can be between 1 foot and 2 feet.

Datagram shown in the bottom of Figure 31 represents the vacation obtained from the accelerometer altimeter of biometric monitoring arrangementThink data.Show two acceleration profiles, it for X-axis and one is for Z axis that one, which is,.As can be seen, beginning is being repeated,X-axis acceleration can be about 1G, because under forearm is directed toward, and earth gravitational field applies the acceleration of 1G essentially along preceding arm axleDegree.Meanwhile Z axis acceleration is about 0G, because Z axis is essentially horizontal, and therefore not by being attributed to earth gravitational fieldAcceleration influences.However, when people lifts its arm, it is corresponding with the acceleration to -1G on Z axis along the acceleration of X-axisIt reduces and cooperative declines (it is negative, is only because the orientation of coordinate system).Near the end repeated, X-axis acceleration and Z axisAcceleration returns to about its original value.Meanwhile altitude data can show the increase Δ h of height, as indicated above,It can be about between 1 foot and 2 feet.

Similar characteristics also can observe for front raise swaged forging refining, and similar techniques are identifying these exercises.

The data such as the data shown in Figure 31 can be copied, but also can or replace by finding the arm movement profile of these behaviorsProfile is moved using other arms in generation ground.For example, if altitude data indicates wearable biometric monitoring arrangementExperience height is about that a upper arm lengths add the height above sea level of a forearm to increase (example during period first timeSuch as, for typical human, between about 1ft and 2ft or between 1.5ft and 2ft), followed by period first time itThe similar drop of height above sea level during second time period (or in some embodiments, before period first time) afterwardsIt is low, and exercise data assignor forearm is downwardly oriented from substantially perpendicular (that is, wherein keeping hand low during period first timeIn elbow) substantial horizontal position is converted to, and people's forearm is converted to reality during second time period from substantial horizontal positionUpright position in matter, then this behavior can be interpreted as instruction side raise, side lift or front raise movement profile.

Figure 32 describes and the hard imagination lifted the form-drag training associated posture of exercise and can be used to identify the postureMovement and the example of altitude data.

It is hard lift form-drag training and take exercise usually for people barbell is lifted away from ground and again will upwards to hip height and thenThe exercise that barbell is put down.Lift what is mainly realized by back and leg movement；Arm is maintained at downwards stretching, extension upwards.

Left figure in Figure 32 represents the hard act swaged forging refining just after people lifts barbell；Right figure expression has just been lifted in peoplePlay the hard act swaged forging refining after barbell.The approximate orientation of black arrow instruction X-axis during swaged forging refining is lifted firmly；White arrow indicates barbellMovement.In typical hard act, barbell moves up distance, delta h, and the distance in the hand of people in its both sides usually by such as standingWhen people's fist with about arrive ground 2 " to 8 " select (depending on the diameter of used disc, the diameter can management and control it is hardLift and temper liftable distance) between measure apart from management and control.Certainly, this distance may depend on the physical attribute of the people in discussingAnd change, but usually this Δ h can be between 1.5 feet and 2 feet.

Datagram shown in the bottom of Figure 32 represents the vacation obtained from the accelerometer altimeter of biometric monitoring arrangementThink data.As can be seen, during the repetition lifted firmly, X-axis acceleration can be about 1G, because forearm refers to during entire liftDownwards, and earth gravitational field essentially along preceding arm axle apply 1G acceleration.Meanwhile altitude data can show heightIncrease Δ h, it, can be about between 1.5 feet and 2 feet as indicated above.

The data such as the data shown in Figure 32 can be copied, but also can or replace by finding the arm movement profile of these behaviorsProfile is moved using other arms in generation ground.For example, if altitude data indicates wearable biometric monitoring arrangementUndergone during the period first time height above sea level of about Δ h increase (for example, for typical human, about 1.5ft withBetween 2ft), followed by the similar reduction of the height above sea level during the second time period after period first time, and transportDynamic data assignor forearm is maintained at substantially perpendicular during period first time and second time period and is downwardly oriented, thenThis behavior can be interpreted as the hard arm movement profile of raising one's hand of instruction.

Figure 33, which describes, to be trained the associated posture of exercise with form-drag of crooking one's arm and can be used to identify the imagination of the postureMovement and the example of altitude data.

Form-drag of crooking one's arm training is taken exercise usually lifts dumbbell to its arm for people from the position that its arm usually stretches downwardsIn the position straight and upright with respect to its upper arm and make dumbbell return to starting position exercise.

Left figure in Figure 33 represents that the swaged forging refining of crooking one's arm just before people lifts dumbbell (in this situation, is lifted per proficiencyPlay dumbbell, but can in an alternating manner or arm crook one's arm because each arm can independently move, Mei YiqianBiometric monitoring arrangement on arm can need to be accurately tracked by the number of the repetition performed by each arm)；Right figure represents firmFortunately people has lifted the swaged forging refining of crooking one's arm after dumbbell.The approximate orientation of black arrow instruction X-axis during swaged forging refining of crooking one's arm；Bai JianThe movement of head instruction dumbbell.In typical case crooks one's arm, dumbbell moves up distance, delta h, and the distance is usually by being about people's forearmTwice of length apart from management and control.Certainly, this distance may depend on discuss in people physical attribute and change, but usually thisΔ h can be between 1ft and 2ft.

Datagram shown in the bottom of Figure 33 represents the vacation obtained from the accelerometer altimeter of biometric monitoring arrangementThink data.As can be seen, during the repetition crooked one's arm, X-axis acceleration can be about 1G during period first time, andCan be about -1G during two time cycles；This is attributed to the fact that forearm is substantially negative direction during crooking one's arm.MeanwhileHeight during altitude data can be illustrated in period first time increases Δ h and the height drop during second time periodLow Δ h.As indicated above, Δ h can be about between 1 foot and 2 feet.

The data such as the data shown in Figure 33 can be copied, but also can or replace by finding the arm movement profile of these behaviorsProfile is moved using other arms in generation ground.For example, if the forearm of biometric monitoring arrangement is worn in exercise data instructionBe downwardly oriented during period first time from finger be converted to refer to it is upwardly-directed, followed by second after period first timeIt changes back to finger during time cycle to be downwardly oriented, and if altitude data indicates that wearable biometric monitoring arrangement existsHeight above sea level is undergone during period first time increases Δ h (for example, usually between about 1 foot and 2 feet), then this situationIt can be interpreted as indicating to crook one's arm tempering arm movement profile.

Figure 34, which describes, to be trained the associated posture of exercise with good morning form-drag and can be used to identify the imagination of the postureMovement and the example of altitude data.

The exercise stood for such as people in the case where barbell is rested on its shoulder, wherein bar are tempered in the training of good morning form-dragIt crosses its neck behind and is caught in two hands.Since standing place, people then makes its body rotate forward, wherein kneeOptional bending with a certain degree, until its body substantially horizontal (as bowing to someone).People then returnsReturn to stand up position.

Left figure in Figure 33 represents the good morning swaged forging refining just before people makes its body turn to horizontal position；Right figure tableShow the good morning swaged forging refining just after people has been converted to horizontal body position.Black arrow instruction X-axis during good morning swaged forging is refinedApproximate orientation；White arrow indicates the movement of barbell.In typical good morning, the biometric monitoring arrangement being worn on forearm canUpwardly or downwardly displacement distance Δ h, the distance is usually by the approximately equal to torso length of the people of execution good morning apart from management and control.Certainly, the physical attribute for the people that this distance may depend in discussing and change, but usually this Δ h can be between 1.5ft and 2ft.

Datagram shown in the bottom of Figure 33 represents the vacation obtained from the accelerometer altimeter of biometric monitoring arrangementThink data.As can be seen, during the repetition of good morning, X-axis acceleration is attributed at the beginning that good morning repeats at this stageThe orientation upwardly of forearm can be about 1G, and it can be zero or near zero that Z axis acceleration, which is attributed to this orientation,.It bows forward in peopleWhen, X-axis acceleration is close to zero, and Z axis acceleration can be reduced to about -1G.When people directly stands up, acceleration can return to itReset condition.Meanwhile altitude sensor may indicate that height above sea level changes delta h, range usually can 1.5ft to 2ft itBetween.

The data such as the data shown in Figure 33 can be copied, but also can or replace by finding the arm movement profile of these behaviorsProfile is moved using other arms in generation ground.For example, if the forearm of biometric monitoring arrangement is worn in exercise data instructionSubstantial horizontal orientation is converted to from finger is upwardly-directed during period first time, followed by after period first timeIt is upwardly-directed that finger is changed back to during second time period, and if altitude data indicates wearable biometric monitoring dressIt puts and height above sea level is undergone during period first time reduces Δ h (for example, usually between about 1 foot and 2 feet) and theCorrespondence height above sea level during two time cycles increases, then this situation can be interpreted as instruction good morning and temper arm movable pulleyIt is wide.

Although example above has all concentrated on resistance exercise and tempered gesture recognition, motion sensor can be combined and use heightIt counts to sense for the posture of the wide scope in multi-motion.

In this embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to identify the use of elliptic exercise machine.In elliptic exercise machine, people can walk in position, run or stair climbing.The foot of people, which generally rests on, follows the flat of elliptical pathOn platform；Because the foot of people is constantly supported by platform, so the foot and its joint to people, which have, carrys out free elliptic exercise machine simulationWalking/running/stair climbing activity small effect.The feature of many elliptic exercise machines also has user can when using machineThe handlebar of grasping；It is moved in the arc that handle is usually synchronously oriented with the step number walked in shallow horizontal.

Figure 35 descriptions can be used between the associated posture of walking posture associated with elliptical exercise machine is usedThe imagination movement of differentiation and the example of altitude data.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can detect walking with itThe almost the same mode of the mode of behavior (for example, using peak counting algorithm) detects the use of elliptic exercise machine.Represent realThe accelerometer data of border walking behavior can have a series of well-regulated kurtosis, such as shown in Figure 35.Contrastingly, it representsThe accelerometer data walked in elliptical machine can show similar periodicity, but can show and be attributed to when using elliptic exercise machineThe magnitude acutely reduced of the low buckles of experience shows in the acceleration diagram walked in elliptical machine as shown in Figure 35.However, also in the presence of the other activities (for example, cycling) that can generate this regular cyclic behavior with reduction magnitude.At theseIn situation, exercise data can combine potentially to recycle in elliptic exercise machine use and other low buckles with altitude dataDifferentiated between movable (for example, bike riding).For example, because its handle can be made in ellipse using the people of elliptic exercise machineOn the handlebar of exercise machine, so its hand (and therefore biometric monitoring arrangement on its forearm of wearer) can be with the step walkedNumber synchronously undergoes shallow cycle height above sea level variation, and the variation of these height above sea levels will not occur on bicycle, because of bicycleOn handlebar constant height above sea level is maintained at when trampling.Therefore, elliptic exercise machine arm movement profile can be based on for exampleThe factors such as the characteristic that text is discussed.

For example, the altitude data obtained by biometric monitoring arrangement can show during period first timeGo out cycle behavior, wherein the small height above sea level variation during each cycle is undergone during normal use with the handle by elliptical machineHeight above sea level variation match.During period first time, the exercise data obtained by biometric monitoring arrangement can showGo out substantially to have the cycle behavior of the frequency identical with the cycle behavior in altitude data.The exercise data may includeAcceleration information, the acceleration information instruction are less than the acceleration used in other cases by the biometric monitoring arrangementThe acceleration magnitude during period first time of metric can be worn with determining whether to be attributed to described in instruction wearingThe foot that the people for wearing biometric tracks of device participates in the people leaves the normal walking on ground or the acceleration information of running activityIt is incremented by pedometer.Altitude data and exercise data with these characteristics can move profile phase with elliptic exercise machine armIt closes.

In some embodiments, the biometric monitoring arrangement with altimeter motion sensor can be configured to compareThus a little sensors provide data or be at least partially based on data derived from the data from these sensors with particular reference toMotion outline, and determine with reference to the degree of deviation between motion outline and this data.In context discussed herein, arm motion wheelWide (for example, first arm motion outline) can will indicate the data wheel of the movement for the people for wearing the biometric monitoring arrangement performedThe wide movement for being for example referred to as people's forearm.First arm motion outline may include data based on motion sensor and based on heightSpend the data of flowmeter sensor；In some embodiments, the orientation or position data at set time point be can be additionally included in.PhaseContrastively, it can be referred to indicate in the sensor in " normal " or " ideal " of specific activities execution appearance with reference to motion outlineBy thus a little sensors generations or the information of data being derived from during record data during gesture.

For example, in the context taken exercise in resistance exercise, the exercise of specific resistance exercise can relate to certain speed intoThe certain movements of row, and it is related to being maintained at certain positions up to certain time cycles.For example, it is rapidly moved at the beginning crooked one's armBad shape that dynamic dumbbell can be considered as in crooking one's arm (or bad put into practice), because the situation can have through inertia effects dumbbellEffect, the inertia can reduce the exercise on muscle during lift.Data are obtained from the period of crooking one's arm of bad shape hereinDerived arm motion profile can reflect these undesirable behaviors.Contrastingly, for the reference moving wheel for posture of crooking one's armExterior feature may include being reflected in the information for lifting speed more slowly at the beginning crooked one's arm, because these slower speeds generate more violent forgingIt refines and is considered as more preferably.

In some embodiments, it can define with reference to motion outline so as to comprising " ideal " posture, and in other embodiment party, can be less stringent with reference to motion outline in case, and may include " normal " or " acceptable " posture.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to determine with reference to the degree of deviation between motion outline and arm motion profile；This deviation information can be used to provide the estimation to the shape of people when performing discussed posture.Appointing in multiple technologies can be usedOne carrys out evaluation error degree.For example, in some embodiments, may include with reference to motion outline each over timeThe definition boundary of kind parameter, and if the correspondence parameter in arm motion profile belongs in the boundary, then arm motion wheelExterior feature can be identified as instruction " excellent in shape " or be given or zero bias margin low with reference contours.In some other or additional implementationsCan be the set of data set with reference to motion outline in scheme, each data set instruction is used for given pose over timeVarious sensors output (or the data being derived from) " ideal " value, and variance analysis may include comparing from arm motionHow well the respective sensor output (or the data being derived from) of profile match with ideal data collection.For example, it refers toMotion outline may include representing 3-axis acceleration, three axle speeds, 3-axis acceleration rate and three axis of the ideal posture of specific activitiesPosition data, and the corresponding data from arm motion profile then can determine two with compared with motion outline dataThere are how many deviations between profile.

In some cases, the first arm movable pulley exterior feature can also act as referring to motion outline for the correspondence of given pose,But in other embodiments, two profiles can be different.For example, the less stringent set of criterion can be used for first-handTo identify special exercise or posture in arm movement profile, and the tightened up set of criterion can be used for it is corresponding with reference in motion outline withIt determines to perform the movement or posture how wellly.

The embodiment that biometric monitoring arrangement is configured to the biometric monitoring arrangement of the shape of assessment posture canIt is configured to using associated with one or more postures first with reference to motion outline, the posture is for example：Wave baseball bat；It wavesWave softball bat；Wave tennis racket；Wave racket；Wave English wall ball racket；Wave American wall ball racket；Wave golf woodBar；Wave golf iron；Wave golf wedge；Wave golf；It waves golf and cuts push rod；It wavesWave golf mixed pole；Resistance exercise is performed to take exercise；Perform Wushu；Perform gymnastic；Perform yoga exercise；In exampleIt bats in such as billiards billiard movement；It bats in the billiard movements such as such as Snooker；Billiard movements are waited in such as American pocketMiddle batting；Take stroke；It plays bowling；Use riflery；It shoots with a pistol；Use lancination；It waves knife and is kept off with knife lattice.

In the biometric monitoring arrangement (such as discussed herein above) assessed there are gesture shape, biometric monitoring dressPut whether the degree of deviation between the arm motion profile that can determine posture and reference motion outline is more than special tolerances threshold value.IfMore than deviation threshold, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured feedback in the form of will be a certain or instruction provides user.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement may include feedback mechanism, such as display, one or more lamps, audio devices and/or shakeDynamic motor.Feedback or instruction may be, for example, (depending on available feedback mechanism)：Numerical value score, vibration, sound, figure, icon,The message that the message and the warning wearer that animation, the message of instruction fatigue, caution wear person are slowed down are had a rest.BiologySome embodiments of metering monitoring arrangement can also store the assessment of the shape based on the degree of deviation for future reference, such as withIn downloading to website for inspecting later.This situation allow extend time interval in evaluator with regard to vpg connection progress withJust any improvement (or degenerating) of shape can be observed.

As discussed above, biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured to track some activities (for example, resistance exercise is forgedRefining) repetition.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can analyze movement and altitude data, and determine that there are specific appearances5 repetitions (assisting gesture recognition, " example " also called herein about altimeter) of gesture.In some such embodimentsIn, the number obviously repeated can be used so that the posture for determining repetition to be assisted to indicate whether specific work in biometric monitoring arrangementIt is dynamic.For example, if people is riding carrousel, then its can be sitting in the horse back that moves up and down and grasp bar with its hand so thatIts forearm is aligned with bar.When carrousel during exercise, the biometric monitoring arrangement of weared on wrist, which can generate, to be somewhat similarly toIt is sleeping push away take exercise during the data of data that generate, such as the weight with 1ft to the 2ft of the substantially perpendicular directional couple of people's forearmMultiple height above sea level variation.However, people can undergo hundreds of times of up and down motion repeatedly in carrousel, and this of resistance exerciseRepetition number will be that height is atypical.Therefore, repeat count also acts as a series of factor for identifying posture or postures.

In some embodiments, biometric tracks of device can be configured between 1 to 5 to track given poseExample or repeat, ii) example between 5 to 8 or repeat, iii) example between 8 to 10 or repetition, iv) 10Example or repetition between a to 12, v) example between 12 to 15 repeat or vi) example between 15 to 20Son repeats.In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement is suitable for being considered as of user's resistance exercise " typical case "The number repeated, this depends on the type of resistance exercise that user is just participating in：Such as training gains in strength, training is substantially equalGround gains in strength and muscle mass, and training enhancing muscle mass simultaneously emphasizes some strength, and training enhancing muscle mass simultaneously emphasizes some endurance,Training enhancing endurance simultaneously emphasizes some muscle and the main enhancing endurance of training.Therefore, it crouches and pushes away the repetition that exercise is " typical case "Number may depend on the type for the resistance exercise that people is carried out and change, people can biometric monitoring arrangement using repeat countNumber assists in identifying the side for changing biometric monitoring arrangement identification posture in the situation of posture when repeat count is countedFormula.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include changing based on certain movements or posture shownThe display of thing.For example, it is seen if forearm is moved to by the people that this biometric monitoring arrangement is worn on its forearmIn wrist-watch position, then this movement can be evaluated as to correspond to see that the arm of wrist-watch moves profile.The Shen on the 17th of September in 2013This embodiment is described in more detail in the 14/029th, No. 763 U.S. patent application case please, the full content of the application case goes outIt is herein incorporated by reference hereby in the purpose.If biometric monitoring arrangement includes altimeter, then biometric is supervisedView apparatus can combine the altitude data from altimeter with exercise data to provide about when its forearm is moved to by peopleSee that the more accurate of wrist-watch position determines.For example, exercise data can refer to let others have a look at and move its forearm from the position being downwardly orientedThe position of horizontal orientation is moved, changes with the height above sea level of the length of about forearm and is coupled (for example, about 1ft).At someIn embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be further determined that for going out before shown thing is changed immediately in movementNon-zero time period after the existing time cycle, height above sea level are kept constant.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be for example, by beatingIt opens display and shows that time or other data see that wrist-watch moves and changes shown thing in response to detecting.

In some embodiments equipped with the biometric monitoring arrangement of altimeter, altimeter may act as determiningWhen the mechanism of (or do not wear) biometric monitoring arrangement is worn.For example, the biometric monitoring dress with altimeterAltimeter data can be monitored to determine whether height above sea level indicates biometric monitoring arrangement during period first time still by puttingThe height above sea level change rate more than the first height above sea level change rate is not undergone.If it is no more than the first sea within period first timePull out altitude rate threshold value, then biometric monitoring arrangement can determine that it is not worn currently, and can for example be converted to low work(Rate is for use or closed state.In some such embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement also may include that vibrations or acceleration passSensor, and only can (such as shock event can be supervised in biometric detecting shock event from this vibrations or acceleration transducerOccur when view apparatus is placed on hard surface) monitoring of this height above sea level change rate threshold value is performed later.

In some other such embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can monitor after low power state is converted toAltitude data (and may be, for example, more than the second height above sea level change rate threshold value to determine whether height above sea level change rate changesNon-zero height above sea level change rate, any variation of height above sea level can be to have picked up and should open the abundant of biometric monitoring arrangementIndicator).If detect that this height above sea level changes, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be converted to higher from low power statePower rating and/or the display of biometric monitoring arrangement is opened to show message.

Although the wearing discussed above for having concentrated on single biometric monitoring arrangement, these technologies also can be used multipleBiometric monitoring arrangement is put into practice.For example, people can wear biometric monitoring arrangement on its forearm, and in same proficiencyBiometric monitoring arrangement is worn on the upper arm of arm.

Altimeter second-mission aircraft pattern

In some embodiments, (or the other electronics with altimeter of the biometric monitoring arrangement with altimeterDevice) altimeter data can be analyzed to determine when for itself to be converted to " airplane-mode ".This concept is previously simple in the present inventionIt discusses and is probed into herein deeper into ground in strategic point.

In general, most of altimeters are pressure actuated devices, and therefore may provide and be pressurized higher than certain height above sea levelsInaccurate altitude data in the aircraft of degree.However, technology hereafter also can be used and be not based on discharge head meterPractice, for example, measured via GPS the height above sea level obtained measure it is (described to measure famous inaccuracy, but be related to givenBig height above sea level magnitude in the case of, can more be suitable for the purpose that determine of airplane-mode).If using discharge head is not based onMeter, then can be omitted in view of the part of the technology discussed below of the compression of aircraft, because it is unnecessary.

It should also be understood that as the airplane-mode embodiment herein with respect to biometric monitoring arrangement uses, term " seaDegree of lifting sensing data " refers to usually to the data of determining height above sea level (but as discussed above, from the sea that this data calculatesDegree of lifting can be that be pressurized under some situations more than a certain height above sea level based on pressure and aircraft be not in height above sea level measurementAccurately).This data can be provided from height above sea level, unit is directly proportional to height above sea level or unit needs conversion or otherIt post-processes to provide height above sea level, such as pressure or the voltage that may indicate that pressure.It can be used in any one of these formsAltitude sensor data perform the technology of following summary, with some modifications.

Figure 36 displayings are described in detail can be by biometric tracks of device using to determine whether biometric tracks of device being placed inThe flow chart of the example algorithm of pattern associated with airline traveling.In certain embodiments, biometric tracks of device canBy pressure and/or movement that the aircraft that altitude sensor Data Detection takes off or lands is received from altitude sensorThe variation of characteristic.Biometric tracks of device can have the controller comprising memory, and the memory, which contains computer, to be heldRow instruction determines sensing data with control processor to analyze the data from altitude sensor or other sensorsWhether instruction is taken off or lands.

Memory can contain various algorithms to determine whether altitude sensor data or other sensing datas indicateIt takes off or lands.The example of Figure 36 algorithms thus.In frame 3602, controller can receiving sensor data.For example,Sensing data can be from altitude sensor altitude sensor data or can be the sensing from other sensorsDevice data.Sensing data can be independent altitude sensor data or can be altitude sensor data and other sensingsThe combination of device data.For example, altitude sensor can be the ambient atmosphere pressure measured around biometric tracks of deviceAnd using altitude sensor data as voltage output to controller.For example, other sensing datas can be from addingThe acceleration information of velocity sensor, the communication data from communication interface or the audio data from audio sensor.ControlDevice then can in frame 3604 analyte sensors data.

In frame 3606, controller can determine whether sensing data indicates to take off.Controller can be via a variety of sidesFormula carries out this and determines.Some embodiments of biometric tracks of device can carry out this really using only altitude sensor dataIt is fixed, and that altitude sensor data match with other sensing datas can be used to carry out this is determining for other embodiments.AgainOther embodiments can carry out this via the combination of these distinct methods and determine.For example, in some embodiments, it is biologicalPolyalgorithm can be utilized by measuring monitoring arrangement, and altitude sensor data are used only in one of algorithm, and another algorithm makesWith the altitude sensor data matched with acceleration information.In this embodiment, if any one of polyalgorithmDetermine that data instruction is taken off, then controller can determine that sensing data instruction is taken off.Other embodiments can determine to come fromThe data instruction of various sensors requires the subset of polyalgorithm or all indicates to take off before taking off.Controller can be used with trueDetermine whether sensing data indicates that the algorithm described herein taken off can also be used to determine sensor by controllerWhether data indicate aircraft landing.Change to determine whether sensing data indicates that the algorithm of aircraft landing can have from positive valuePositive value is changed to negative value or from negative value or changes to the threshold value of entirely different value.

Controller can analyze altitude sensor data and determine altitude sensor number via a variety of algorithms of differentIt takes off according to instruction.For example, if the instruction of altitude sensor data is more than the height above sea level of height above sea level change rate threshold valueSpend change rate, then controller can determine that the instruction of altitude sensor data is taken off.Height above sea level change rate threshold value canFor any height above sea level change rate for indicating to take off or land, such as the height above sea level variation higher than 500 feet per minuteRate.Other height above sea level change rates also can be used.For example, commercial aircraft has when taking off at per minute 2,000 feetLeft and right height above sea level change rate, therefore herein at amount or higher than this amount height above sea level change rate can be take off it is reliableIndicator.Mainly it will can become height above sea level to detect the embodiment of biometric tracks of device taken off of commercial aircraftRate threshold value is 2,000 feet per minute or 2,000 feet slightly smaller than per minute.

In certain embodiments, if height above sea level change rate is more than sea within the entire height above sea level transformation period periodPull out altitude rate threshold value, then biometric monitoring arrangement, which can determine, to be taken off.For example, biometric tracks of deviceSome embodiments can contain processor determine altitude sensor data instruction take off before require height above sea levelIt is more than algorithm of the height above sea level change rate threshold value up to the height above sea level transformation period period of about 90 seconds to spend change rate.If height above sea levelHeight sensor data indicate that any time of the height above sea level change rate during the height above sea level transformation period period descends belowHeight above sea level change rate threshold value, then processor can determine that altitude sensor data do not indicate to take off.Other implementationsScheme can have the height above sea level transformation period period for being more than 90 seconds and/or can have different height above sea level change rate threshold values.For example, a certain embodiment can have per minute 1,000 foot of height above sea level change rate threshold value and the sea of at least 120 secondsDegree of the lifting transformation period period.

To determine whether altitude sensor data indicate that the alternate algorithm taken off is to determine in the unit intervalTotal height above sea level variation.It is more than threshold value height above sea level that if total height above sea level in the unit interval, which changes in threshold time period,Degree variation, then controller can determine that the instruction of altitude sensor data is taken off.For example, a certain embodiment canThreshold time period with 1,500 feet of threshold value height above sea level changing value and 180 seconds.If the sea with time data pairingDegree of lifting sensing data instruction 1,500 feet of height above sea level within the period of 180 seconds changes, then controller can determine seaHeight sensor instruction is pulled out to take off (or landing).This alternate algorithm can be used for taking off or the centre of landing cycle in aircraftIt pauses at and determines to take off in the situation of a certain height above sea level or land.Other embodiments can have different threshold value height above sea levelsSpend changing value and threshold time period.

Controller is also using other sensing datas and altitude sensor data.For example, controller canAcceleration information and analysis acceleration information are received to determine whether acceleration information is indicated with coming from one or more aeroenginesThe consistent vibration of vibration.In some embodiments, motion sensor can be used (for example, single in biometric monitoring arrangementAxis or multi-axis accelerometer), for example, along the 3-axis acceleration sensor of three orthogonal linear repacking measuring accelerations, detecting lifeThe magnetometer of the orientation of object metering tracks of device, detecting gyroscope of rotary motion of biometric monitoring arrangement or moreAny combinations.In other embodiments, controller can analyze acceleration information with determine acceleration information whether indicate withThe acceleration taken off consistent level and/or normal acceleration.Taking off can be by the horizontally or vertically acceleration (example that maintainsSuch as, 10ft/sec is more than within the period of 20 seconds or 20 seconds or more²Maintenance acceleration) instruction or the acceleration from maintenanceDegree is so that the general speed of the acceleration from maintenance will be greater than threshold velocity at the end of time cycle.Usable and aircraftThe consistent any reasonable threshold value speed of takeoff speed, such as the speed of 150mph.

Other than acceleration information, controller can analyze other sensing datas, such as be to determining audio dataThe audio data of the no instruction ambient noise consistent with the engine noise of aircraft or to determine communication data whether indicate andThe communication data of the consistent communication of communication from such as aircraft communications device such as aircraft WiFi signal.

If controller does not know altitude sensor data, instruction is taken off, then controller can return to frame3602.Otherwise, if controller determines taking off for altitude sensor data instruction aircraft in frame 3606, then can be in frameBiometric tracks of device is placed in pattern associated with air travel in 3608.Pattern associated with air travel can useCertainly change in embodiment.For example, in a certain embodiment, pattern associated with air travel can be " aircraftPattern ", wherein the radio communication circuit of biometric tracks of device is placed in for use or closed state.Telecommunication circuit can be to utilizeWiFi, bluetooth, ANT, near-field communication, ZigBee, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, infrared data association (IrDA) associationThe telecommunication circuit of view and other communication protocols.In another embodiment, pattern associated with air travel can be will be biologicalMetering tracks of device is placed in low-power or dormant pattern.The another embodiment of biometric tracks of device may include withThe stair climbing pattern of several sections of stair that track wearer is climbed, and this biometric monitoring arrangement can be placed in it is related to air travelTurn off stair climbing pattern during the pattern of connection.

Alternatively, also biometric tracks of device can be placed in pattern associated with air travel via external input.It liftsFor example, (such as it can be received via wireless communication interface via from the individual calculus such as such as smart phone or communication deviceSignal) it receives biometric tracks of device is just placed in pattern associated with air travel after input signal.CertainIn embodiment, smart phone can contain application program or functionality, will will believe when smart phone is placed in airplane-modeNumber it is sent automatically to biometric tracks of device.Therefore, when smart phone is placed in airplane-mode, can also by biometric withTrack device is placed in pattern associated with air travel, such as airplane-mode.Similarly, when deactivation smart phone airplane-modeWhen, smart phone can send signal to biometric monitoring arrangement so that biometric monitoring arrangement to be caused to exit airplane-mode(these embodiments must ask biometric monitoring arrangement to be periodically turned on (or remaining powered on) receiver to scan this letterNumber).Biometric after input is received from the user of biometric tracks of device just can be tracked and filled by other embodimentsIt is placed in pattern associated with air travel.

Figure 37 displayings are described in detail by biometric tracks of device using to determine whether to exit mould associated with airline travelingThe flow chart of the example algorithm of formula.Frame 3702 and 3704 is similar to the frame 3602 and 3604 in Figure 36.However, in the frame of Figure 37In 3702, biometric tracks of device can connect when in pattern associated with airline traveling rather than in normal manipulation modeReceive sensing data.Sensing data in Figure 37 is similar to the sensing data described in Figure 36, and can be height above sea levelThe combination of sensing data or altitude sensor data and the data from other sensors, as described previously.In frameIn 3704, controller analyte sensors data.

In frame 3706, controller determines whether sensing data indicates the aircraft during landing.Controller can be usedDetermine that sensing data indicates the aircraft during landing above with respect to any one of 3606 described mode of frame, wherein canCan certain values magnitude variations or reversely reflect aircraft the fact decline is non-increasing.For example, it is retouched in frame 36061 stated, 500 feet of total height above sea level increase the threshold value that threshold value can be 1,500 feet of height above sea level gain in frame 3606,And in frame 3706, threshold value can lose for 1,500 feet of height above sea level.Other embodiments can have for calculating aircraftWhether take off and algorithm that whether aircraft lands between different threshold value.For example, a certain embodiment can have on magnitudeTotal height above sea level change threshold of 1,500 foot of gain has 2,000 foot on magnitude of loss to determine to take offTotal height above sea level change threshold with determine aircraft landing.Using another example from frame 3606, for whether determining aircraftThe height above sea level transformation period period taken off can be time cycle of 60 seconds or 60 seconds or more, but to determine aircraft whetherLand, height above sea level transformation period period can be 180 seconds or less than 180 time cycle.To the height above sea level that determines to take off and landDifference between the height change time cycle is attributable to usually how to operate aircraft.Aircraft can take off and landed with being higher than aircraftWhen loss height above sea level rate first rate gain height above sea level.Therefore, determining the height above sea level transformation period to take offPeriod is smaller than determining the height above sea level transformation period period landed.

In addition, before determining the landing that sensing data indicates aircraft in frame 3706, controller can determined furtherAltitude sensor data indicate aircraft landing and biometric tracks of device are caused to exit mould associated with air travelDetermine that the height above sea level of biometric tracks of device changes the period of a little before formula, as examined by altitude sensorIt surveys.Alternatively, the maintenance period of small height above sea level variation allows controller to determine after the period that detection is reduced in height above sea levelAircraft actually lands.Commercial aircraft often spends the period of several minutes to slide and stop to fall in flat race after landingRoad.This period of small height above sea level variation may correspond to the period slided and permissible biometric tracks of device determines aircraftIt actually lands, and is sliding before pattern associated with air travel is exited or stopping falling on flat runway.

The various embodiments of biometric tracks of device can make its controller determine aircraft landed and via it is a variety of notIt is slided with mode.For example, controller can be determined at it from altitude sensor data and possible other sensing datasWith true when the height above sea level change rate of time cycle is no more than threshold quantity (after the extension for detecting height above sea level reduces)Determine aircraft to have landed.Height above sea level of the altitude sensor data instruction more than threshold value height above sea level reduction amount is determined in controllerAfter degree reduction or height above sea level reduce rate, the embodiment of biometric tracks of device can carry out aircraft and land reallyIt is fixed, and determine that altitude sensor data are indicated within the period of 120 to 600 seconds (may be 300 seconds) less than every in controllerIt is slided during the height above sea level change rate of 50 feet of minute, such as is previously directed to 3706 described situation of frame in the present invention.ItsWhat its embodiment can carry out that aircraft landed determines, and determine that altitude sensor data indicate total height above sea level in controllerDegree variation is no more than threshold quantity (for example, 100 feet or 100 English in threshold time period (for example, 600 seconds or less than 600 seconds)Below ruler) when slide (extended height above sea level reduce occur after).Additional embodiments can have different threshold quantities.

If controller determines the landing of sensing data instruction aircraft in frame 3706, then controller can be in frame 3708In biometric monitoring arrangement is caused to exit pattern associated with air travel.Controller can be tracked by connecting biometricThe telecommunication circuit of device, by the way that biometric tracks of device is placed in normal power state, by connecting stair climbing pattern or leading toOther variations for crossing in the operation for causing biometric monitoring arrangement and exit pattern associated with air travel.In frame 3708Controller can be exited and aviation by inverting any action taken or by order that controller is sent out in frame 3608It travels associated pattern.

Figure 38 displayings are described in detail by biometric tracks of device using to determine whether first to put biometric tracks of deviceThe example algorithm of pattern associated with airline traveling is exited in pattern associated with airline traveling and next determining whetherFlow chart.The flow chart of Figure 38 is the combination of the flow chart of Figure 36 and 37, and details entrance and then exit and air travelThe complete procedure of the biometric tracking system of associated pattern.Frame 3802 to 3808 is arrived corresponding to the frame 3602 of Figure 363608, and frame 3810 to 3816 corresponds to the frame 3702 to 3708 of Figure 37.The previous description of frame in Figure 36 and 37 applies also forCorrespondence frame in Figure 38.

Figure 39 A be displaying compared with the ambient pressure at identical height above sea level, the example aircraft that takes off by ballastingThe example curve figure of internal equivalent air pressure.Figure 39 A are representative curve figure.In Figure 39 A, x-axis represents the time (unit second),And y-axis represents equivalent height above sea level pressure (unit foot).Equivalent height above sea level pressure is to be passed through usually at Reference ElevThe atmospheric pressure gone through.For example, the atmospheric pressure of 29.92inHg will be corresponding to 0 foot of equivalent height above sea level in Figure 39 APressure, because 29.92inHg is the average gas pressure pressure on sea level.As another example, 8,000 foot in Figure 39 AEquivalent height above sea level pressure will be corresponding to the average gas pressure pressure at 8,000 feet.It note that higher equivalent in Figure 39 AHeight above sea level pressure corresponds to relatively low atmospheric pressure, because atmospheric pressure is reduced in height above sea level increase.Biometric tracksCertain embodiments of device can in the algorithm using atmospheric pressure data without by atmospheric pressure data conversion into equivalent height above sea levelHighly.

Dotted line 3902 represents the air pressure except the aircraft comprising biometric tracks of device.In Figure 39 A, aircraft risesFly, therefore as the time increases, dotted line 3902 shows that the equivalent height above sea level pressure increase of height above sea level is arrived to correspond to aircraftThe relatively High aititude height reached.

Solid line 3904 is represented by the air pressure of the biometric tracks of device experience of interior of aircraft.Aircraft in Figure 39 A be byBallasting is similar to the aircraft by ballasting of most of seating planes.Compression of the cabin during flight in aircraft is equivalent to 7,800Foot.Therefore, in Figure 39 A, in initial height above sea level increase, by interior of aircraft biometric tracks of device undergo etc.Imitate increase of the increase similar to dotted line 3902 of height above sea level pressure (being represented by solid line 3904).However, in aircraft at 180 secondsAfter height above sea level is more than 7,800 feet, cabin is pressurized to be maintained at identical atmospheric pressure.Therefore, after 180 seconds, aircraftThe compression in cabin be equivalent to 7,800 feet, and be maintained at permanent by the equivalent height above sea level pressure that biometric tracks of device is undergoneIt is 7,800 feet fixed, even if the practical height above sea level of aircraft still increases.

The area 3916 represented by the intersecting hachure box in Figure 39 A represents the equivalent height above sea level undergone by biometric tracks of deviceThe period of equivalent height above sea level pressure of the high stress matching when taking off except aircraft, be Figure 39 A from 0 second toThe period of 180 seconds.Because the equivalent height above sea level pressure that is undergone by biometric tracks of device in Figure 39 A after 180 secondsIt keeps constant, so the biometric tracks of device in Figure 39 A will will be only depended on less than 7,800 feet of equivalent height above sea level at itMost preferably being performed when taking off for aircraft is being detected in the case of the altitude sensor data of height.Accordingly, it is intended to seaIt pulls out height sensor and detects too high equivalent height above sea level and may be such that and take off complexity using altitude sensor to detectChange.Therefore, certain embodiments of biometric tracks of device can will be used by controller with determine aircraft whether take off orThe equivalent height above sea level pressure limit in land is the height above sea level of equivalent height above sea level being pressurized less than common passenger plane.

Figure 39 B are the example curve figure for illustrating the altitude sensor data from various example scenarios.Figure 39 B are generationTable linearity curve figure.In Figure 39 B, x-axis represents the time (unit second), and y-axis represents equivalent height above sea level pressure (unit foot).Equivalent height above sea level pressure in Figure 39 B is similar to the equivalent height above sea level pressure described in Figure 39 A.

In Figure 39 B, line 3906 represents the biometric tracks of device in the aircraft to take off.What line 3908 represented to land fliesBiometric tracks of device in machine.Line 3910 represents the biometric tracks of device in the elevator of skyscraper.3912 table of lineShow the biometric tracks of device driven in the vehicle on steep hills.Line 3914 represents the biology on extreme roller coasterMeasure tracks of device.

In Figure 39 A, line 3906 is similar to line 3904.However, Figure 39 B are only illustrated in before 6,000 foot of aircraft arrivalThe aircraft of line 3906, and therefore the inside of the aircraft in line 3906 is not yet pressurized.Line 3906 is illustrated in equivalent sea when taking offPull out the linear rise of high stress.

Line 3908 represents the equivalent height above sea level pressure of the biometric tracks of device experience in the aircraft of landing.LineBe reduced at 300 seconds from 6,000 feet at 0 second 0 foot of 3908 equivalent height above sea level pressure.Therefore, at 0 300 secondsPlace, the aircraft of line 3908 can land at sea level.Height above sea level in line 3908 reduces the absolute value of rate and line 3906In the absolute value advanced the speed of height above sea level it is identical.

Line 3910 represents the equivalent height above sea level pressure of the biometric tracks of device experience in the elevator of skyscraper.The equivalent height above sea level pressure of line 3910 is initially increased with being faster than the rate of line 3906.This is attributed to the high speed electricity of skyscraperLadder is often to be faster than the rate gain height above sea level of aircraft rate of gain height above sea level during take off.However, because buildingThe height-limited system of object, so at 50 seconds, elevator reaches the top of building, and the no longer gain etc. after 50 seconds of line 3910Imitate height above sea level.Therefore, although being less than the control of the algorithm of the part of the sensing data of the duration of 50 seconds with analysisDevice can determine that altitude sensor data of the line 3910 from 0 second to 50 second are equivalent to the altitude sensor number taken offAccording to, but the controller of the algorithm of the part of the sensing data of the duration with analysis more than 50 seconds can determine line3910 altitude sensor data do not indicate to take off.

Line 3912 represents the equivalent height above sea level by driving to the experience of the biometric tracks of device in the vehicle on steep hillsSpend pressure.Although the altitude sensor data of line 3912 determine the 2 of height above sea level, 000 foot of gain, height above sea levelThe rate of gain may be too slow for the controller of biometric tracks of device, to determine that altitude sensor data refer toShow and take off.It is held alternatively, if the controller of biometric tracks of device only analyzes the limited of altitude sensor dataThe continuous time, then controller can determine that the total amount value of the height above sea level gain of the line 3912 during finite duration can be no more thanThe threshold magnitude of height above sea level gain with indicate altitude sensor data instruction take off.

Line 3914 represents the equivalent height above sea level pressure of the biometric tracks of device experience on extreme roller coasterPower.The roller coaster illustrated by line 3914 can be to move up and down (such as up and down motion of extreme roller-coaster) with constantRoller coaster.Although the rate of height above sea level gain and the loss of line 3914 is equivalent to the height above sea level taken off or landedSpend the rate of gain and loss, but the total amount value ratio of height above sea level gain take off or land it is much smaller.Therefore, included in itIt determines to utilize the height above sea level within the setting duration when whether altitude sensor data indicate to take off or landThe controller of the algorithm of gain or total height above sea level gain can determine that the height above sea level variation of line 3912 does not indicate that aircraft risesFly or land, this is attributed to the positive value of height above sea level variation and the constant variation of negative value or is attributed to sea no more than threshold quantityPull out the total amount value of height change.

Figure 40 displaying detailed descriptions are used inactive up to big to determine whether to inform the user user by biometric tracks of deviceIn the flow chart of the example algorithm in the period of time period of inactivity.The example algorithm that Figure 40 illustrates can be the movement of monitoring userAnd when the controller of notice user biological metering tracks of device determines that user not yet moves out threshold within the setting time periodThe algorithm of value amount.

The example algorithm that Figure 40 illustrates can be attached to pattern associated with the airline traveling described in Figure 36 to 38.CauseThis, biometric tracks of device can utilize calculation when biometric tracks of device is placed in pattern associated with air travelMethod.This algorithm can be useful when biometric tracks of device is placed in pattern associated with air travel, because of aircraftOn the user of biometric tracks of device can be in most cases static, and in seated position, so as to allow blood at himOr it deposits around her lower limb.Help is made into the blood of user at him or she with the algorithm that user is periodically moved will be remindedBody body-internal-circulation, prevent the potential injury from blood clotting and can invading sit too long people other potentially serious foldingsMill.

In frame 4002, the controller of biometric tracking system can receive data from biometric sensors.BiometerQuantity sensor can be the sensor or the biometric sensors on other devices being embedded in biometric tracks of device,Wherein biometric sensors data are passed to biometric tracks of device via such as WiFi or bluetooth connection.Biometric passesSensor can be can directly or indirectly detect user movement any sensor, such as heart rate sensor, pedimeter, acceleration passThe described any other sensor in other places in sensor, optical sensor, gyroscope or the present invention.

In frame 4004, controller comes from biometric sensors according to the Algorithm Analysis of the memory storage by controllerData.

In frame 4006, controller determines whether wearer has moved out amount of threshold shift within period first time.Controller can carry out this via various ways and determine.For example, biometric tracks of device may include detecting the heart rate of userBiometric sensors, and if the heart rate of user be maintained at rest pulse frequency reach period first time duration,So controller can determine that user not yet moves amount of threshold shift within period first time.Alternatively, biometric tracks of deviceThe step number that user has walked can be detected, and if the step number of detection is no more than threshold value within period first time using pedimeterAmount, then controller can determine that user not yet moves amount of threshold shift within period first time.Biometric tracks of deviceOther embodiments can detect the movement of user with determining user in week at the first time using acceleration transducer or gyroscopeAmount of threshold shift is not yet moved in phase.Period first time can be any conjunction of the movement of the user on tracking aircraft flightThe time cycle of reason, such as 15 hours or smaller time cycle.Controller also may include the movement for detecting userDifferent threshold quantities, such as the embodiment for using pedimeter, it is 100,300,500 or 1 to make threshold value step number, 000 step.

If controller determines that user has moved out amount of threshold shift within period first time in frame 4006, thenController returns to frame 4002.If controller determines that user not yet moves out threshold within period first time in frame 4006It is worth amount of movement, then controller proceeds to frame 4008.

In frame 4008, biometric tracks of device informs the user user via user interface and not yet moves out threshold valueAmount of movement.User interface can be a variety of different types of interfaces, comprising such as graphic alphanumeric display, be embedded in biometric tracking dressVibrating motor to generate touch feedback or the sound generating components such as loud speaker or piezo-electric device in putting.User interface can be throughUser is notified by multitude of different ways, the mode includes message on graphic alphanumeric display, such as vibration or a series of vibrationsTouch feedback, beeping sound, multiple beeping sounds or melody tune.

In certain embodiments, the memory of biometric tracks of device may include falling asleep to determining user, very may be usedIt can be sleeping or may fall asleep and the therefore code of notice of delay user.The controller of biometric tracks of device can via it is a variety of notDetermine that user falls asleep, is likely to sleeping or may fall asleep with mode.For example, biometric tracks of device may include light sensingDevice, and controller can analyze optical sensor data to determine that optical sensor data indicates smooth water usually associated with sleep environmentIt is flat, and it is thus determined that user falls asleep, is likely to sleeping or may fall asleep.Alternatively, controller can will manually given birth to by userObject metering tracks of device determines that user falls asleep, is likely to sleeping or may fall asleep when being placed in sleep tracing mode.In addition, controllerIt can determine that user falls asleep, very when the analysis of biometric data shows biometric data instruction or may indicate that user is sleepingIt may fall asleep or may fall asleep.

If the controller determine that user falls asleep or is likely to sleeping, then controller can postpone not yet to move out userThe notice of amount of threshold shift is provided in the time cycle later to user, such as determines that wearer is not sleeping or is likely in controllerTime cycle when not sleeping.

It is discussed above for altimeter recalibration, altimeter auxiliary gesture recognition and altimeter second-mission aircraft patternThe computer executable instructions being for example stored in computer-readable memory can be used to be implemented on device (example for concept and exampleSuch as, biometric monitoring arrangement) in.Instruction can by connect by correspondence with memory and also with pressure sensor or air pressure it is highOne or more processors that degree meter connects by correspondence perform.Any one of a variety of programming languages can be used for these instructionsIt provides, including but not limited to C++, Java, iOS, Android etc..In some embodiments, some in described instruction orIt can all be hard coded into application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).Term " control logic " can be herein with respect to altimeter again schoolAccurate, altimeter auxiliary gesture recognition and altimeter second-mission aircraft pattern technology and system discussed herein use available to refer toWith any group for putting into practice these technologies or implementing the hardware circuits of these systems and the component based on processor/memory/softwareIt closes.

It should be understood that it is recalibrated above for altimeter, altimeter assists gesture recognition and altimeter second-mission aircraft patternThe concept and example discussed may be implemented in device or system, such as biometric monitoring or tracks of device or other electronics dressIt puts；Such as computer, processor or circuit householder method；Or it is such as emitted to device or is stored on non-transitory machine-readable mediumComputer executable instructions.

There are described herein and explanation many concepts and embodiment.Although it is described herein and has illustrated certain realitiesApply example, feature, attribute and advantage, it should be appreciated that apparent many other and different and/or similar from description and explanationEmbodiment, feature, attribute and advantage.Above example is only provided as example as a result,.It is not intended in detail or incites somebody to actionThe present invention is limited to revealed precise forms, technology, material and/or configuration.According to the present invention, many modifications and variation are possible's.It should be understood that using other embodiments, and operation change can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.As a result,The scope of the present invention is not limited in above description, because retouching for above example is presented for purposes of illustration and descriptionIt states.

Importantly, the present invention is also not necessarily limited to these aspects and/or implements neither limited to any single aspect or embodimentAny combinations of example and/or arrangement.In addition, can individually or jointly in other aspects and/or the embodiment of the present invention one orMore persons and for the use of the present invention and/or each of embodiment.It for simplicity, will not herein individuallyDiscuss and/or illustrate those arrangement and combination in it is many those of.

Claims (28)

1. a kind of wearable biometric tracks of device, the wearable biometric tracks of device includes：

One or more biometric sensors；

Altitude sensor, the altitude sensor are configured to detect the wearable biometric tracks of deviceHeight above sea level and output altitude sensor data；And

Control logic, wherein one or more described biometric sensors, the altitude sensor and the control logicIt is communicatively coupled, and the control logic is configured to：

A) the altitude sensor data are received；

B) the altitude sensor data are analyzed to determine whether the altitude sensor data indicate to fly by airRow and

C) it is at least partially in response to altitude sensor data described in (b) and indicates determining for flight by air, it can by described inBiometric tracks of device is worn to be placed in pattern associated with air travel.

2. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, wherein in the altitude sensor dataWhen indicating the height above sea level change rate more than height above sea level change rate threshold value, the altitude sensor data instruction is gone by airFlight.

3. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 2, wherein the height above sea level change rate threshold value is highIn 500 feet per minute.

4. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, wherein：

When the altitude sensor data are indicated in the height above sea level increase of the wearable biometric tracks of deviceBetween total height above sea level increase in the period when, the altitude sensor data instruction by air flight and

Increasing above total height above sea level in total height above sea level that the height above sea level increased in the time cycle increases threshold value.

5. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 4, wherein total height above sea level increase threshold value isAt least 1500 feet of height above sea level, and the height above sea level increases the time cycle as 180 seconds or smaller.

6. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, wherein the height above sea level when there is following situationThe instruction of height sensor data is flown by air：

The altitude sensor data instruction is more than height above sea level change rate within the entire height above sea level transformation period periodThe height above sea level change rate of threshold value and

The height above sea level change rate threshold value is 500 feet at least per minute.

7. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 6, wherein the height above sea level transformation period periodIt is the time cycle of at least 60 seconds.

8. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, wherein the mould associated with air travelFormula is that the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in the pattern of low power state.

9. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1 further includes radio communication circuit, described logicalLetter circuit is communicably coupled to the control logic, and be configured to wirelessly communicate with associated device, wherein withThe associated pattern of air travel is that the telecommunication circuit is placed in for use or closed state pattern.

10. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, the control logic be further configured with：

D) the altitude sensor data are further analyzed to determine whether the altitude sensor data indicate instituteState aircraft landing and

E) it is at least partially in response to determining, the cause that the altitude sensor data described in (d) indicate the landing of the aircraftThe wearable biometric tracks of device is made to exit the pattern associated with air travel.

11. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 10, wherein the sea when there is following situationDegree of lifting sensing data indicates the landing of the aircraft：

F) it is more than that total height above sea level reduces threshold that the altitude sensor data instruction, which is reduced in height above sea level in the time cycle,Total height above sea level of the wearable biometric tracks of device of value reduces；And

G) after (f), the altitude sensor data instruction is less than 50 feet per minute of sea within the period of 300 secondsPull out altitude rate.

12. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 11, wherein the height above sea level reduces week timePhase is 180 seconds or smaller.

13. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 11, wherein the control logic is through further matchingPut with：

H) biometric data is received from one or more described biometric sensors；

I) analyze the biometric data with determine the biometric data whether indicate the wearable biometric withThe wearer of track device has walked at least predetermined step number；And

J) in the control logic further detection (i) after (f), the altitude sensor data instruction institute is determinedState the landing of aircraft.

14. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 11, wherein total height above sea level reduces threshold valueThe height above sea level for being at least 1500 feet reduces.

15. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, wherein the control logic is further configuredTo monitor the biometric data from one or more biometric sensors and the determining biometer after (b)When amount data indicate the wearer of biometric monitoring arrangement within period first time not yet relative to aircraft referentialMove out amount of threshold shift.

16. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 15, further includes user interface, wherein describedControl logic is further configured the wearer to be at least partially in response to the biometric monitoring arrangement describedNot yet the described of the amount of threshold shift is moved out relative to the aircraft referential to determine, and cause in a period of timeNotice is provided via the user interface to the wearer.

17. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 16, further includes optical sensor, is configuredTo measure the light data of the amount of the ambient light around the biometric tracks of device and output detection, wherein the control logicBe further configured with：

Analyze the light data of the detection with determine the detection light data whether indicate usually with the sleep environment in aircraftAssociated light level and

In response to the biometric monitoring arrangement the wearer within period first time not yet relative to describedAircraft referential moves out the described of the amount of threshold shift and determines and do not indicate to lead in response to the light data of the detectionOften the light level associated with the sleep environment in aircraft is determining, causes the notice via the user interfaceThe wearer is provided.

18. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 16, wherein the control logic can be through furtherConfiguration with：

The wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in response to the promoting factor for being selected from the group being made of the followingSleep tracing mode：(i) the intentional request by the wearer of wearable biometric tracks of device offer and (ii)Indicate the analysis of the biometric data that the wearer of the wearable biometric tracks of device may fall asleep；And

When the wearable biometric tracks of device is not at the sleep tracing mode and in response to the biometricThe wearer of monitoring arrangement not yet moves out institute within period first time relative to the aircraft referentialIt states the described of amount of threshold shift to determine, the notice is caused to be provided via the user interface to the wearer.

19. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 16 is shown wherein the user interface includes numberShow device, and the notice is the message being shown on the digital display.

20. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 16, wherein the user interface is filled comprising audioIt puts, and the notice is audible notification.

21. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 16, wherein the user interface is anti-comprising tactileMechanism is presented, and the notice is notified for stereognosis.

22. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1 further includes and is configured to output audio numberAccording to audio sensor, wherein the control logic be further configured with：

Receive the audio data；And

The audio data is analyzed to determine whether the audio data indicates the background consistent with the engine noise of aircraftNoise, wherein the control logic is further configured to be at least partially in response to the altitude sensor number described in (b)According to the determining and described audio data instruction of the instruction aircraft flight and the engine noise phase one of the aircraftThe described of the ambient noise of cause determines, the wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is placed in associated with air travel describedIn pattern.

23. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1 further includes and is configured to detection accelerationAnd output acceleration information acceleration transducer, the control logic be further configured with：

Receive the acceleration information；And

The acceleration information is analyzed to determine whether the acceleration information indicates and the vibration phase one from aircraft engineThe vibration of cause, wherein the control logic is further configured to be at least partially in response to the altitude data described in (b)Indicate the determining and described acceleration information instruction of the aircraft flight and the vibration phase one of the aircraft engineThe described of the vibration of cause determines, the wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is placed in the pattern associated with air travelIn.

24. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1 further comprises being configured to receive communication numberAccording to communication interface, wherein the control logic be further configured with：

Receive the communication data；And

The communication data is analyzed to determine it is consistent with the communication from aircraft communication device whether the communication data indicatesCommunication, wherein the control logic is further configured to be at least partially in response to the altitude sensor described in (b)Data indicate that the described of the aircraft flight determines and be additionally in response to the communication data instruction with being filled from the aircraft communicationThe described of the consistent communication of the communication put determine, the wearable biometric monitoring arrangement is placed in and air travelIn the associated pattern.

25. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, wherein the control logic is further configuredWith：

Stair climbing pattern is provided, track several sections of stair that the wearer of the wearable biometric tracks of device climbed and

Turn off the stair climbing pattern in response to (c).

26. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 1, further includes wireless communication interface, whereinThe control logic be further configured with：

Via the wireless communication interface receive the first input signal and

In response to the reception of first input signal, the wearable biometric tracks of device is caused to enter and navigateThe associated pattern of sky travelling.

27. wearable biometric tracks of device according to claim 26, wherein the control logic is through further matchingPut with：Just cause after the second input signal for receiving instruction activity the wearable biometric tracks of device exit withThe associated pattern of air travel, wherein second input signal is selected from the group being made of the following：It is associatedExternal device (ED) be powered, touch by the wearable biometric tracks of device, via the wearable biometric tracks of deviceUser interface selection menu option and the pressing wearable biometric monitoring arrangement button.

28. a kind of system, the system includes：

Wearable biometric tracks of device, it includes：

One or more biometric sensors,

Biometric tracks of device communication interface and

Biometric tracks of device control logic, wherein one or more described biometric sensors, the biometric trackDevice communication interface and the biometric tracks of device control logic are communicatively coupled, and biometric tracking dressControl logic is put to be configured to：

A) signal associated with airplane-mode is received；And

B) in response to (a), the wearable biometric tracks of device is placed in pattern associated with air travel；And

The mobile communications device separated with the wearable biometric tracks of device, the mobile communications device include：

Mobile communications device communication interface and

Mobile communications device control logic, wherein the mobile communications device communication interface and mobile communications device control are patrolledIt collects and is communicatively coupled, and the mobile communications device control logic is configured to：

Emit the signal associated with the airplane-mode via the mobile communications device communication interface.