技术领域technical field
本发明涉及在硬质地面快速开挖雷坑的旋转切割取芯装置，属于机电控制挖掘作业装置。The invention relates to a rotary cutting coring device for quickly excavating a mine pit on a hard ground, which belongs to an electromechanical control excavation operation device.
背景技术Background technique
雷坑通常是指具有一定直径和深度、用于埋设地雷的圆形平底坑。现阶段，我军在人工布设地雷时，开挖雷坑由单兵使用工兵锹人工作业。虽然人工作业开挖雷坑所需器材少、组织实施灵活，但是在粘土、冻土、砂砾地、沥青路面等硬质地面条件下，开挖效率较低且雷坑质量难以保证。开发一种在硬质地面上能够代替人工作业开挖雷坑的装置，提高作业效率和质量，成为亟待解决的问题。与人工作业相比，机械装置可以较好地解决上述问题。目前，可以在硬质地面上快速开挖圆形平底坑的机械装置主要有螺旋钻杆挖坑机和钻孔取芯机两种。A mine pit usually refers to a circular flat-bottomed pit with a certain diameter and depth for laying mines. At this stage, when our army lays mines manually, excavating mine pits is done manually by individual soldiers using engineering shovels. Although manual excavation of mine pits requires less equipment and flexible organization and implementation, the excavation efficiency is low and the quality of mine pits is difficult to guarantee under hard ground conditions such as clay, frozen soil, gravel, and asphalt pavement. It is an urgent problem to develop a device that can replace manual excavation of mine pits on hard ground to improve operating efficiency and quality. Compared with manual work, mechanical devices can better solve the above problems. At present, the mechanical devices that can excavate the circular flat-bottomed pit quickly on hard ground mainly include two kinds of auger drill pipe digging machine and drilling coring machine.
螺旋钻杆挖坑机通常由汽(柴)油发动机提供动力，在压力作用下轴向向下掘进，螺旋叶片削切土壤，切碎的土壤在离心力作用下被抛向穴壁并在摩擦力作用下沿螺旋叶片上升到地面，抛洒到穴坑周围。挖掘到预定深度后提升钻头，形成圆形平底坑。螺旋钻杆式挖坑机最大挖坑直径为500mm。主要用于苗木栽种、桩坑开挖，适用于黄土层、粘土层、含卵石砂砾土层、风化岩土层、冻土层等。The auger rod excavator is usually powered by a gasoline (diesel) engine, and under pressure, it digs axially downward. Under the action, it rises to the ground along the spiral blade and is thrown around the pit. After digging to a predetermined depth, the drill bit is lifted to form a circular flat bottom pit. The maximum digging diameter of the auger rod type digging machine is 500mm. It is mainly used for seedling planting and pile pit excavation. It is suitable for loess layer, clay layer, gravel soil layer containing pebbles, weathered rock soil layer, frozen soil layer, etc.
钻孔取芯机通常由电机或汽(柴)油发动机提供动力，带动薄壁金刚石空心钻头围绕轴向高速旋转，在压力作用下，空心钻头向下掘进切割目标材料，掘进到预定深度后提升钻头，使用专用工具从坑内取出芯体，形成圆形平底坑。钻孔取芯机最大挖坑直径200mm，主要用于材料试验取芯，适用于硬质土壤、沥青路面、混凝凝土路面等。Drilling and coring machines are usually powered by a motor or a gasoline (diesel) engine, which drives the thin-walled diamond hollow drill bit to rotate around the axial direction at high speed. Under pressure, the hollow drill bit digs down to cut the target material. Drill, use a special tool to remove the core from the pit to form a circular flat bottomed pit. The maximum digging diameter of the drilling core machine is 200mm. It is mainly used for material test coring, and is suitable for hard soil, asphalt pavement, concrete pavement, etc.
雷坑开挖有以下三个方面的基本要求：一是行动迅速。布雷作业是军事行动，在确保质量的前提下，必须做到行动迅速，否则就会影响作战，甚至危及作业人员生命。二是底平、壁直、坑圆，即形状规则。规则的雷坑形状是避免地雷在外力作用下倾斜和位移、确保地雷准爆的重要条件。三是尺寸准确、规格统一。地雷的种类很多，不同种类的地雷在外观尺寸和埋设要求上都有明显区别，雷坑的尺寸和规格必须与地雷外观尺寸和埋设要求相匹配，才能可靠设置、可靠起爆。四是尽可能完整保留地表伪装层和集中收集废渣，目的是完成布雷作业后恢复地貌原样，防止被敌方轻易识别。The excavation of mine pits has the following three basic requirements: one is to act quickly. Mining operation is a military operation. On the premise of ensuring the quality, it must be done quickly, otherwise it will affect the operation and even endanger the lives of the operators. The second is that the bottom is flat, the wall is straight, and the pit is round, that is, the shape is regular. A regular mine crater shape is an important condition for avoiding the inclination and displacement of landmines under the action of external force and ensuring quasi-detonation of landmines. The third is accurate size and uniform specifications. There are many types of landmines, and different types of mines have obvious differences in appearance size and burial requirements. The size and specification of mine pits must match the appearance size and burial requirements of landmines in order to be reliably set and detonated. The fourth is to keep the surface camouflage layer as complete as possible and collect waste residues in a concentrated manner. The purpose is to restore the original landform after the completion of the mine-laying operation and prevent it from being easily recognized by the enemy.
人工作业的缺点：在硬质地面上，人工作业开挖雷坑速度慢、效率低，锹、镐等简易工具开挖雷坑形状不规则，尺寸不准确、规格不统一，无法完整保留地表伪装层。Disadvantages of manual work: On hard ground, the speed of excavating mine pits is slow and the efficiency is low. Simple tools such as shovels and picks excavate mine pits with irregular shapes, inaccurate sizes, and inconsistent specifications, which cannot be completely preserved. Surface camouflage layer.
螺旋钻杆式挖坑机的缺点：螺旋钻杆式挖坑机的钻头顶部呈大角度锥形，开挖的穴坑底部呈漏斗形，不能满足坑底平整的要求。在掘进过程中，螺旋钻杆将土壤切碎并抛出，无法完整保留地表伪装层和集中收集废渣，不利于布雷区域的伪装。Disadvantages of the auger rod type pit digging machine: the top of the drill bit of the auger rod type pit digging machine is in the shape of a large angle cone, and the bottom of the excavated pit is funnel-shaped, which cannot meet the requirements for a flat bottom. During the excavation process, the auger rod cuts and throws the soil, which cannot completely retain the camouflage layer on the surface and collect waste residue in a centralized manner, which is not conducive to camouflage in the minefield area.
钻孔取芯机的缺点：钻孔取芯机掘进到预定深度后，切割成形的柱状芯体底部没有断开，需要人工使用专用工具从穴坑内折断并取出芯体，坑底截面由剪切力折断而形成，无法确保坑底平整，且自动化程度不高，影响作业效率。Disadvantages of the core drilling machine: After the core drilling machine digs to the predetermined depth, the bottom of the cut and formed columnar core is not broken, and it is necessary to manually use a special tool to break and take out the core from the pit. The bottom section of the pit is determined by shearing Formed by breaking off due to force, it is impossible to ensure that the bottom of the pit is flat, and the degree of automation is not high, which affects the operating efficiency.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种在硬质地面快速开挖雷坑的旋转切割取芯装置，首先通过环形锯齿钻头切割地面，形成圆形切口，然后通过横切刀片切断芯体，通过电动升降杆带动筒体运动取出芯体，完整保留地表伪装层和废渣，并将其整体提升至地面以上，达到雷坑开挖标准的基本要求。Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a rotary cutting coring device for quickly excavating mine pits on hard ground. The cutting blade cuts off the core body, drives the cylinder body to move through the electric lifting rod to take out the core body, completely retains the surface camouflage layer and waste residue, and lifts it above the ground as a whole to meet the basic requirements of mine pit excavation standards.
技术方案：为解决上述技术问题，本发明的一种在硬质地面快速开挖雷坑的旋转切割取芯装置，包括套筒和与套筒固定连接的安装板，所述套筒上安装有圆周均布的至少三组横向切断装置，所述横向切断装置包含联动轴和横切刀片，所述联动轴安装在筒壁内，联动轴的上端与拨杆固定连接，拨杆与电动推拉杆铰接，电动推拉杆安装在安装板上，联动轴的下端与横切刀片固定连接，在套筒的筒壁上设有容纳横切刀片的贯通槽，所述套筒的下端安装有环形锯齿钻头，安装板与连接钻杆固定连接，连接钻杆与动力机构连接，动力机构固定在承载板上，承载板与电动升降杆连接，通过动力机构带动连接钻杆转动，从而带动套筒转动，环形锯齿钻头切割地面，形成圆形切口，电动推拉杆工作带动拨杆转动，从而带动横切刀片水平转动，从而将地面切断。Technical solution: In order to solve the above technical problems, a rotary cutting and coring device for quickly excavating mine pits on hard ground according to the present invention includes a sleeve and a mounting plate fixedly connected to the sleeve. At least three sets of horizontal cutting devices uniformly distributed on the circumference, the horizontal cutting device includes a linkage shaft and a cross-cutting blade, the linkage shaft is installed in the cylinder wall, the upper end of the linkage shaft is fixedly connected to the driving rod, and the driving rod is connected to the electric push-pull rod Hinged, the electric push-pull rod is installed on the mounting plate, the lower end of the linkage shaft is fixedly connected with the cross-cutting blade, and a through groove for accommodating the cross-cutting blade is arranged on the wall of the sleeve, and a circular serrated drill bit is installed at the lower end of the sleeve , the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the connecting drill rod, the connecting drill rod is connected with the power mechanism, the power mechanism is fixed on the bearing plate, the bearing plate is connected with the electric lifting rod, and the connecting drill rod is driven to rotate through the power mechanism, thereby driving the sleeve to rotate, ring The serrated drill bit cuts the ground to form a circular incision, and the electric push-pull rod drives the lever to rotate, thereby driving the cross-cutting blade to rotate horizontally, thereby cutting the ground.
作为优选，所述动力机构为汽油发动机。Preferably, the power mechanism is a gasoline engine.
作为优选，所述横向切断装置有三组。Preferably, there are three sets of said transverse cutting devices.
作为优选，所述横切刀片为圆弧状，拨杆为弧形状，拨杆两个端点的连线与横切刀片两个端点的连线组成的夹角为30°。Preferably, the cross-cutting blade is in the shape of an arc, the lever is in the shape of an arc, and the included angle formed by the line connecting the two ends of the lever and the line connecting the two ends of the cross-cutting blade is 30°.
作为优选，所述拨杆的两个端点之间的距离等于套筒的内径。Preferably, the distance between the two end points of the driving rod is equal to the inner diameter of the sleeve.
作为优选，所述拨杆的两个端点之间的距离大于套筒的内径，任何时候只有一个拨杆带动一个横切刀片运动。Preferably, the distance between the two ends of the driving rod is greater than the inner diameter of the sleeve, and only one driving rod drives one cross-cutting blade to move at any time.
作为优选，所述承载板上安装有电瓶，电瓶同时与导电滑环和电动升降杆连接，导电滑环套在连接钻杆上，导电滑环与电动推拉杆连接。Preferably, a storage battery is installed on the bearing plate, the storage battery is connected to the conductive slip ring and the electric lifting rod at the same time, the conductive slip ring is sleeved on the connecting drill rod, and the conductive slip ring is connected to the electric push-pull rod.
有益效果：本发明的在硬质地面快速开挖雷坑的旋转切割取芯装置，首先通过环形锯齿钻头切割地面，形成圆形切口，然后通过横切刀片切断芯体，通过电动升降杆带动筒体运动取出芯体，完整保留地表伪装层和废渣，并将其整体提升至地面以上，达到雷坑开挖标准的基本要求，而且尺寸匹配、作业方便、废坑率低，伪装效果好，能显著提高地雷作战效能。Beneficial effects: the rotary cutting coring device for quickly excavating mine pits on hard ground first cuts the ground with a circular sawtooth drill bit to form a circular incision, then cuts the core body with a cross-cutting blade, and drives the cylinder through an electric lifting rod Take out the core body through body movement, completely retain the surface camouflage layer and waste residue, and lift it above the ground as a whole to meet the basic requirements of mine pit excavation standards, and the size is matched, the operation is convenient, the waste pit rate is low, and the camouflage effect is good. Significantly improves the effectiveness of mine warfare.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明的套筒的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the sleeve of the present invention.
图3为图1中套筒的俯视结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the sleeve in FIG. 1 .
图4为图1中横切刀片合拢状态示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the closing state of the cross-cutting blade in Fig. 1 .
图5为本发明的电路示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
如图1至图5所示，本发明的一种在硬质地面快速开挖雷坑的旋转切割取芯装置，包括动力输出系统、电传动系统、开挖机构，动力输出系统包含电瓶10和汽油发动机1，电传动系统包含导电滑环3、电动推拉杆4和电动升降杆11，开挖机构包含套筒6和横切刀片8，套筒6与位于套筒6顶部的安装板固定连接，所述套筒6上安装有圆周均布的至少三组横向切断装置，所述横向切断装置包含联动轴7和横切刀片8，所述联动轴7安装在筒壁的不通孔内，联动轴7的上端与拨杆5固定连接，拨杆5与电动推拉杆4铰接，电动推拉杆4安装在安装板上，联动轴7的下端与横切刀片8固定连接，在套筒6的筒壁上设有容纳横切刀片8的贯通槽，所述套筒6的下端安装有环形锯齿钻头9。安装板与连接钻杆2固定连接，连接钻杆2与动力机构连接，动力机构固定在承载板12上，承载板12与电动升降杆11连接，所述承载板12上安装有电瓶10，电瓶10同时与导电滑环3和电动升降杆11连接，导电滑环3套在连接钻杆2上，导电滑环3与电动推拉杆4连接，通过动力机构带动连接钻杆2转动，从而带动套筒6转动，环形锯齿钻头9切割地面，形成圆形切口，电动推拉杆4工作带动拨杆5转动，从而带动横切刀片水平转动，从而将地面切断。As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a rotary cutting coring device for quickly excavating mine pits on hard ground according to the present invention includes a power output system, an electric transmission system, and an excavation mechanism. The power output system includes a battery 10 and Gasoline engine 1, electric transmission system includes conductive slip ring 3, electric push-pull rod 4 and electric lifting rod 11, excavation mechanism includes sleeve 6 and cross-cutting blade 8, sleeve 6 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate located at the top of sleeve 6 , the sleeve 6 is equipped with at least three sets of horizontal cutting devices uniformly distributed on the circumference, the horizontal cutting devices include a linkage shaft 7 and a cross-cutting blade 8, and the linkage shaft 7 is installed in the dead hole of the cylinder wall, and the linkage The upper end of the shaft 7 is fixedly connected with the driving rod 5, and the driving rod 5 is hinged with the electric push-pull rod 4. A through groove for accommodating the cross-cutting blade 8 is provided on the wall, and an annular serrated drill bit 9 is installed on the lower end of the sleeve 6 . The mounting plate is fixedly connected with the connecting drill rod 2, the connecting drill rod 2 is connected with the power mechanism, the power mechanism is fixed on the bearing plate 12, the bearing plate 12 is connected with the electric lifting rod 11, and the battery 10 is installed on the bearing plate 12, the battery 10 is connected with the conductive slip ring 3 and the electric lifting rod 11 at the same time, the conductive slip ring 3 is set on the connecting drill rod 2, the conductive slip ring 3 is connected with the electric push-pull rod 4, and the connecting drill rod 2 is driven to rotate through the power mechanism, thereby driving the sleeve The cylinder 6 rotates, the annular sawtooth drill bit 9 cuts the ground to form a circular incision, and the electric push-pull rod 4 works to drive the driving lever 5 to rotate, thereby driving the horizontal cutting blade to rotate horizontally, thereby cutting off the ground.
以某型地雷对应的雷坑开挖机构为例，套筒6高300mm，外径300mm，筒壁厚10mm，距离口部100mm的桶壁上沿圆周方向平均分布3条贯通槽，对应圆心角均为60°，用于容纳横切刀片8。每条槽内分别隐藏一根弧形横切刀片8，横切刀片8一端与装入桶壁内部的联动轴7固定，套筒6顶部为3根弧形拨杆5，拨杆5一端与装入桶壁内部的联动轴7另一端固定，所述横切刀片为圆弧状，拨杆为弧形状，拨杆两个端点的连线与横切刀片两个端点的连线组成的夹角为30°，横切刀片8与拨杆5呈30°的相对位置固定在联动轴7两端。开挖机构是本发明的主要作业机构，能够在硬质地面快速、规则、准确地完成雷坑侧面、底面的一次性切割，完整保留地表伪装层和废渣，并将其整体提升至地面以上，解决方案如下：①雷坑侧面的切割：汽油发动机1转动，通过连接钻杆2带动套筒6转动，从而带动环形锯齿钻头9转动，提供所需的旋转速度和扭力，能够在粘土、砂砾土、冻土、沥青、混凝土等硬质地面上快速切割出具有一定深度、形状规则、尺寸准确的圆形切口，形成雷坑侧面，套筒6内部的空间用来容纳地表伪装层和废渣；②雷坑底面的切割：初始状态下，3根横切刀片8均收于套筒6壁的贯通槽以内，需要水平切割作业时，同时启动3根电动推拉杆4，使其同步收缩，拉动顶部三根拨杆5同步转动，桶壁内部的联动轴7控制三根横切刀片8同步向内线性转动，套筒6保持同一深度转动，带动横切刀片8水平切割套筒6内部的柱形废渣，三根横切刀片8均指向圆心时，柱形废渣被完全切断，形成雷坑底面；③保留地表伪装层和集中收集废渣：切割作业完成后，电动升降杆11上升，将地表伪装层和废渣提出，移至雷坑附近集中收集。Taking the mine pit excavation mechanism corresponding to a certain type of landmine as an example, the sleeve 6 has a height of 300mm, an outer diameter of 300mm, and a wall thickness of 10mm. Three through grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the barrel wall at a distance of 100mm from the mouth, corresponding to the central angle All are 60 °, are used for accommodating crosscutting blade 8. An arc-shaped cross-cutting blade 8 is respectively hidden in each groove, and one end of the cross-cutting blade 8 is fixed with the linkage shaft 7 packed into the inside of the barrel wall, and the top of the sleeve 6 is 3 arc-shaped driving rods 5, and one end of the driving rod 5 is connected to the The other end of the linkage shaft 7 installed inside the barrel wall is fixed, the cross-cutting blade is arc-shaped, the driving rod is arc-shaped, and the clamp formed by the connection line between the two end points of the driving rod and the two end points of the cross-cutting blade Angle is 30 °, and cross-cutting blade 8 is fixed on linkage shaft 7 two ends in the relative position of 30 ° with driving lever 5. The excavation mechanism is the main operating mechanism of the present invention, which can quickly, regularly and accurately complete the one-time cutting of the side and bottom of the mine pit on the hard ground, completely retain the surface camouflage layer and waste residue, and lift it above the ground as a whole. The solution is as follows: ① Cutting on the side of the mine pit: the gasoline engine 1 rotates, and the sleeve 6 is driven to rotate by connecting the drill pipe 2, thereby driving the circular sawtooth drill bit 9 to rotate, providing the required rotation speed and torque, which can be used in clay and gravel soil. Quickly cut a circular cut with a certain depth, regular shape, and accurate size on hard ground such as frozen soil, asphalt, and concrete to form the side of the mine pit, and the space inside the sleeve 6 is used to accommodate the surface camouflage layer and waste residue; ② Cutting on the bottom of the mine pit: In the initial state, the three cross-cutting blades 8 are all received in the through groove on the wall of the sleeve 6. When horizontal cutting is required, the three electric push-pull rods 4 are activated at the same time to make them shrink synchronously and pull the top The three driving rods 5 rotate synchronously, the linkage shaft 7 inside the barrel wall controls the three cross-cutting blades 8 to rotate linearly inward synchronously, and the sleeve 6 keeps rotating at the same depth, driving the cross-cutting blade 8 to horizontally cut the cylindrical waste inside the sleeve 6, When the three cross-cutting blades 8 all point to the center of the circle, the cylindrical waste residue is completely cut off to form the bottom of the mine pit; ③ retain the surface camouflage layer and collect waste residue in a concentrated manner: after the cutting operation is completed, the electric lifting rod 11 rises to lift the surface camouflage layer and waste residue , moved to the vicinity of the mine pit for centralized collection.
本发明能够在硬质地面上，快速、规则、准确地开挖各种规格的雷坑，特点是作业速度快，挖坑形状规则(即底平、壁直、坑圆)，尺寸准确、规格统一，能够完整保留地表伪装层和集中收集废渣。试验结果显示，本发明在三级土壤中开挖一个直径300mm、深度100mm的标准雷坑用时不大于40s，作业效率是人工开挖的4.5倍，直径和深度误差小于10mm，地表伪装层损耗和废渣流失均小于13％。在本发明开挖的雷坑中布设地雷，尺寸匹配、作业方便、废坑率低，伪装效果好，能显著提高地雷作战效能。The invention can quickly, regularly and accurately excavate mine pits of various specifications on hard ground, and is characterized by fast operation speed, regular pit shape (that is, flat bottom, straight wall, round pit), accurate size, and Unified, able to completely retain the camouflage layer on the surface and collect waste slag in a centralized manner. The test results show that the present invention excavates a standard mine pit with a diameter of 300mm and a depth of 100mm in the third-grade soil. The waste residue losses are all less than 13%. Landmines are laid in the mine pits excavated by the present invention, the size is matched, the operation is convenient, the rate of waste pits is low, the camouflage effect is good, and the effectiveness of mine combat can be significantly improved.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also possible. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610609857.2ACN106193159B (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | A kind of circumgyration incision coring device in hard ground Rapid Excavation thunder hole |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610609857.2ACN106193159B (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | A kind of circumgyration incision coring device in hard ground Rapid Excavation thunder hole |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106193159A CN106193159A (en) | 2016-12-07 |
| CN106193159Btrue CN106193159B (en) | 2018-02-23 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610609857.2AActiveCN106193159B (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2016-07-28 | A kind of circumgyration incision coring device in hard ground Rapid Excavation thunder hole |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN106193159B (en) |
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