Detailed description of the invention
Referring first to Fig. 1, well system 10 generally comprises substantially cylindrical pit shaft 12, and described pit shaft is at ground 16Well head 14 extends downwardly into and enters the one or more subterranean region 18 (shown in figure one) paid close attention in the earth.Subterranean region 18Can correspond to single stratum, the part on stratum or more than one stratum that well system 10 is accessed, and given well systemSystem 10 can access one or more than one subterranean region 18.The extending to the part of subterranean region 18 from well head 14 and added of pit shaft 12It is lined with the pipeline of various length, referred to as sleeve pipe 20.The well system 10 described is peupendicular hole, and wherein pit shaft 12 is substantially perpendicularlySubterranean region 18 is extended to from ground 16.But, concept herein is applicable to other different well configurations many, comprises level, inclinesThe well tiltedly or otherwise deviateed, and there are the many end holes from the branch entering well deviation.
Drill string 22 shown in figure drops to pit shaft 12 from ground 16.In some instances, drill string 22 is a series ofThe pipeline of the end-to-end combined length being linked together and/or (that is, not combining) coiled tubing of continuity.Drill string 22 comprises oneOr multiple downhole tool, comprise bottomhole assembly 24.Bottomhole assembly 24 can comprise such as Mixed drilling bit.InstituteIn the embodiment shown, drilling pit shaft 12.Multiple stage can be divided to drill pit shaft 12, and set can be installed between the stagePipe 20.
See Fig. 2, the example that can use in the bottomhole assembly 24 of the well system 10 of Fig. 1 is shown with perspective viewProperty Mixed drilling bit 100.Exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 comprises drill main body 102, on a longitudinal end of drill main body 102There is pin end 104, another longitudinal end relative with pin end 104 of drill main body 102 have and drills end 106,And the central longitudinal axis defining center bit main body axis 108 at the center through drill main body 102.At some examplesIn, pin end 104 is convex and threaded to coordinate with the recessed casket of the pipe end of drill string.Mixed drilling bit 100 comprises and hasThe blade 110 of fixed cutter 112, described blade 110 drills end 106 longitudinal extension, Yi Jike from drill main body 102Being rotationally coupled to the gear wheel disk 114 of arm 116, described arm 116 generally along center bit main body axis 108 and extends and crossDrill main body 102 drill end 106.Each in gear wheel disk 114 is around the rotary shaft defining gear wheel disk axis 118Line rotates, and described gear wheel disk axis (directly or substantially) extends towards center bit main body axis 108.Mixed drilling bit100 cutting structure with more than one type and/or cutting elements, such as have the blade 110 of fixed cutter 112 withAnd it being configured to the gear wheel disk 114 carrying out rotating so that exemplary drill bit 100 is considered Mixed drilling bit.
Various types of cutting element and cutting structure can be provided on Mixed drilling bit.Embodiment shown in fig. 2In, Mixed drilling bit 100 comprises three blades 110 and three gear wheel disks 114.Exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 can comprise additionallyOr different features and assembly.For example, the number of gear wheel disk 114 and blade 110 can change.In some instances,Mixed drilling bit can have one or more disk and one or more blade.For example, Mixed drilling bit can have oneIndividual blade and a gear wheel disk, a blade and multiple gear wheel disk, multiple blade and a gear wheel disk, or multiple cutterSheet and multiple gear wheel disk.
Arm 116 is attached to drill main body 102 by fastener 120 so that arm 116 can remove from drill main body 102.?In some examples, arm 116 is the extension of drill main body 102, is welded to drill main body 102, and/or arm 116 is in another wayIt is connected to drill main body 102.In other example, gear wheel disk 114 is rotationally coupled to drill main body around drilling end102.For example, gear wheel disk 114 can be attached to drill main body 102 without arm 116 around drilling end 106.
In some instances, gear wheel disk 114 is extending along gear wheel disk axis 118 from drill main body 102 or arm 116Mandrel (not shown) upper rotate.Gear wheel disk 114 can be attached to described mandrel via bearing arrangement, to allow gear wheel disk114 around the rotation of gear wheel disk axis 118.Described bearing arrangement can comprise such as sealing member, ball bearing, lubricating systemAnd/or pressure compensating system.
Gear wheel disk 114 can operate under many positions and configuration.In an illustrated embodiment, gear wheel disk 114 footpathTo be placed in the outer lateral drilling end 106 to the periphery near.In some instances, gear wheel disk 114 is towards center bit masterBody axis 108 more inwardly disposes, and more outwards disposes from center drill main body axis 108, or is placed in different from shown in Fig. 2Position.In some instances, the gear wheel disk axis 118 of gear wheel disk 114 intersects with center bit main body axis 108, with exampleAs allow when exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 rotates around its center drill main body axis 108 gear wheel disk 114 against rockThe true rolling of layer.True rolling is there is with center bit main body axis 108 when gear wheel disk axis 118 intersects, and eachThe radial vector of gear wheel disk 114 points to the direction of rotation of drill bit.In other example, the gear wheel disc shaft of gear wheel disk 114Line 118 does not intersects with center bit main body axis 108, and gear wheel disk axis 118 is not in center bit main body axis 108Radially.Gear wheel disk 114 can approximate and truly roll, such as, at exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 around its center bit masterBody axis 108 has some the near true rollings sheared against stratum when rotating.When gear wheel disk axis 118 not with centre drillNearly true rolling is there is when head main body axis 108 intersects, and such as when gear wheel disk axis 118 is from center drill main body axis108 when slightlyying offset, and the radial vector of each gear wheel disk 114 slightlys offset from the direction of rotation of drill main body 102 and points to.Described slightlyying offset causes gear wheel disk 114 having rotation in the case of some break away (that is, the shearing) on stratum.At certainIn a little examples, Mixed drilling bit can have at least two gear wheel disk, and wherein the first gear wheel disk has and center bit main bodyThe gear wheel disk axis of axes intersect, and the second gear wheel disk has the gear wheel disc shaft not intersected with center bit main body axisLine.
In embodiment shown in fig. 2, blade 110 is positioned to drilling end 106 Shang Cong center drill main body axleLine 108 the most substantially linearly extends towards the outer lateral drilling end 106.Drill the outer lateral of end 106 to the peripheryThere is rounded edges, and blade 110 is along drilling the rounded edges buckling to the periphery of the outer lateral of end 106.Fix and cutCut element 112 to extend in a row along blade so that fixed cutter is formed along each blade 110 from blade 110Near one end of center bit main body axis 108 to blade 110 near drilling the outer lateral of end 106 one to the peripheryOne line of end.In some instances, blade 110 and fixed cutter 112 dispose by different way.For example, blade110 can extend with horizontal curve towards outer lateral to the periphery from center drill main body axis 108, and fixed cutter 112 canTo extend along blade 110 with bending row, and/or fixed cutter 112 can dispose along each blade 110 with multirow.In an illustrated embodiment, the shapes and sizes of three blades 110 are identical.In other example, in the blade on Mixed drilling bitOne or more shape or size different from each other.Fixed cutter 112 is illustrated as the circle being partially embedded in blade 110Cylindricality polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter.In some instances, fixed cutter is different, the most natural Buddha's warrior attendantStone inserts, thermally-stabilised PDC cutter, tungsten carbide inserts, metal insert, milling cutter or tooth, or another kind of hard and wear-resisting materialMaterial.
In some instances, drill main body 102 comprises nozzle 122 drilling at end 106, will drill drilling periodFluid provides Mixed drilling bit 100.
See Fig. 3 A, with end-view, exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 is shown, particularly illustrates and drill end 106.Gear wheel diskThe gear wheel disk axis 118 of 114 extends towards center bit main body axis 108.Each gear wheel disk 114 is fixed with a pin anglePosition, described pin angle is to be defined by the angle between gear wheel disk axis 118 and the plane being perpendicular to center bit main body axis 108's.
In embodiment shown in figure 3 a, gear wheel disk axis 118 is not in the footpath of center bit main body axis 108To.If non-radial, then in the Mixed drilling bit of 10.5 inches of sizes or less, each gear wheel disk axis 118 withSkew S between center bit main body axis 108 is less than or equal to 0.5 inch.For example, skew S can be 1/16 inch,1/14 inch, 1/2 inch or another size.Skew S is between center bit main body axis 108 and gear wheel disk axis 118Beeline.In other words, skew S can be defined as gear wheel disk axis 118 and through center bit main body axis 108Distance between plane, wherein said plane is parallel to gear wheel disk axis 118.In some instances, skew S is for each toothWheel disk 114 is identical.In other example, skew S is different for one or more or each gear wheel disk 114's.
In some instances, skew S is less so that rotate around center bit main body axis 108 at Mixed drilling bit 100 andWhen drilling end 106 against stratum, gear wheel disk 114 rotates with nearly true rolling, has relative to a small amount of the cutting rolledCut or break away.In the example with little skew S, there is a small amount of near true rolling sheared or break away and promote stratumIn pierce, such as to piercing in soft formation.In other example, skew S be zero so that Mixed drilling bit 100 around inWhen heart drill main body axis 108 rotates and drills end 106 against stratum, gear wheel disk 114 rotates with true rolling, and does not hasThere is the shearing against stratum.In the example with zero offset S, the true rolling of gear wheel disk 114 promotes in stratumPierce, such as in directed drilling and to piercing in hard formation.
See Fig. 6, arm 116 illustrates gear wheel disk 114 with side view.Gear wheel disk 114 comprise disc body 602 withAnd the generally annular cutting row 604 around disc body 602 radially arrangement.Gear wheel disk 114 comprises a cutting row 604.Cutting row 604 defines the Plane of rotation 606 at the center through cutting row, and wherein gear wheel disk axis 118 is orthogonal to Plane of rotation606.The center 608 of gear wheel disk 114 is the joining of gear wheel disk axis 118 and Plane of rotation 606.
Cutting row 604 can be to take many forms.In some instances, cutting row 604 comprises and is radially placed in disk masterContinuous carbon compound disk on body 602.In figure 6 shown in embodiment in, cutting row 604 cross section be have roundThe linear protrusion of shape outer tip end.In some instances, the cross section of cutting row is to have the denation of pointed tip, toolThe trapezoidal protrusion having straight top, the rectangular protrusions with straight top, the convex rostellum with blunt top rise, these combination,Or another kind configuration.For example, the configuration of described cross section can be determined by specific lithostratigraphy type.Real at otherIn example, cutting row 604 comprises the configuration of discontinuous disk.For example, cutting row can comprise and disposes around disc body 602Multiple diamond inserts.Described diamond inserts can be partially embedded into disc body 602, by welding, by fastener orBond and be connected to disc body 602, and/or otherwise dispose around disc body 602.
Gear wheel circle is defined by the angle between gear wheel disk axis 118 and the plane being perpendicular to center bit main body axis 108The pin angle of dish 114.Described pin angle is the supplementary angle of the angle beta between gear wheel disk axis 118 and longitudinal axis 109.Angle beta is gear wheel circleMinimum angle between disk axis 118 and longitudinal axis 109, wherein longitudinal axis 109 is parallel to the center bit of drill main body 102Main body axis 108 and intersecting with the center 608 of gear wheel disk 114.In embodiment shown in figure 6, angle beta is about 60 degree.Angle betaCan be different, such as β can be the angle between 0 degree, 90 degree, 0 degree and 90 degree, or another angle.
See Fig. 7, with side view, exemplary gear wheel disk 114 ' is shown.Exemplary gear wheel disk 114 ' is similar to Fig. 6'sGear wheel disk 114, but exemplary gear wheel disk 114 ' differently orients with exemplary gear wheel disk 114 on arm 116.Citing comesSaying, gear wheel disk 114 ' has the angle beta of about 90 degree.
Referring back to Fig. 3 A, the gear wheel disk 114 fixed placement on drill main body 102 can be at each gear wheel diskChange between 114.Gear wheel disk 114 is at distance L away from center bit main body axis 108.Distance L is gear wheel disc centreBeeline between 608 and center bit main body axis 108.In some instances, distance L is for each gear wheel disk 114Can be identical.In other example, distance L is different for one or more or each gear wheel disk 114.
Fig. 3 B shows the exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile 200 of the exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 corresponding to Fig. 3 A.ExemplaryMixed drilling bit profile 200 comprises the shape cut by the Mixed drilling bit 100 of Fig. 3 A, it is shown that the drill bit 100 of transposition in the planeEach cutting element that is associated.In embodiment shown in figure 3b, Mixed drilling bit profile 200 is by three gear wheel disksThe fixed cutter 112 of 114a, 114b and 114c and blade 110 defines, and described fixed cutter is projected into through brillOn the vertical plane of the center bit main body axis 108 of head main body 102.Each gear wheel disk 114a, 114b and 114c can wrapAssembly and feature containing the gear wheel disk 114 shown in Fig. 6, comprises disc body 602, cutting row 604, Plane of rotation 606, toothWheel disc centre 608 and longitudinal axis 109, described longitudinal axis intersects with the center of gear wheel disk 114 and is parallel to drill bitThe center bit main body axis 108 of main body 102.
Each gear wheel disk 114a, 114b and 114c are respectively provided with gear wheel disk axis 118a, 118b and 118c, and it is respectivelyOffset from center drill main body axis 108 with distance Sa, Sb and Sc.Distance Sa, Sb and Sc are fixing, but can be different.LiftFor example, distance Sa, Sb and Sc can be entirely identical, two of which or multiple can be identical, or each allCan be different.In some instances, skew is identical for each gear wheel disk 114a, 114b and 114c, because distance Sa,Sb and Sc is equal.
Each gear wheel disk 114a, 114b and 114c respectively away from center bit main body axis 108 at distance La, Lb and LcPlace.Distance La, Lb and Lc are fixing, but can be different.For example, distance La, Lb and Lc can be entirely identical, itsIn two or more can be identical, or each can be different.
Each gear wheel disk axis 118a, 118b, 118c become corresponding to the plane being perpendicular to center bit main body axis 108Pin angle.Therefore, each gear wheel disk axis 118a, 118b, 118c become with longitudinal axis 109a, 109b, 109c respectively angle beta a,β b and β c, described longitudinal axis be respectively parallel to center bit main body axis 108 and respectively with gear wheel disc centre 608a,608b, 608c intersect.Angle beta a, β b and β c are fixing angles, but can be different.For example, angle beta a, β b and β c can be entirelyIdentical, two of which or multiple angle can be identical, or each angle can be different.
In exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile 200 shown in figure 3b, every through gear wheel disk 114a, 114b, 114cOne corresponding Plane of rotation 606a, 606b, 606c (accurately or substantially) is perpendicular to outside exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile 200Enclose.For example, each corresponding Plane of rotation 606a, 606b, 606c can with exemplary profile 200 outer surround 80 degree withAngle between 100 degree.In other example, Plane of rotation 606a, 606b, 606c are not generally perpendicular to profile 200.ExampleProperty profile 200 illustrate gear wheel disk 114a, 114b, 114c cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c engage exemplary profile 200Shoulder district.In some instances, cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c engages circular cone district, nose district, gauge district and/or shoulderDistrict.Cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c of gear wheel disk 114a, 114b, 114c do not engage the circular cone district of exemplary profile 200.AmountRule district is associated with the cylindrical side wall of pit shaft so that engages gauge district and comprises the cylindrical side wall only cutting pit shaft.Shoulder district,The down-hole end (that is, shaft bottom) of nose district and circular cone district and pit shaft is associated.Nose district extends from the end that drills of drill main bodyMust be more farther than circular cone district and shoulder district, and shoulder district bridges nose district and gauge district.Circular cone district be longitudinally drill on endThe transverse center of drill bit.
Cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c extend more farther than the fixed cutter 112 of blade 110 in profile 200.Cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c lead over the fixed cutter 112 of blade 110 when cutting stratum so that during drilling wellCutting row 604a, 604b, 604c make stratum rupture in advance.Blade 110 can also by during drilling well limit cutting row 604a,Contact stress between 604b, 604c and stratum supports gear wheel disk 114a, 114b, 114c.For example, at cutting rowWhen 604a, 604b, 604c are partially engageable with in stratum, fixed cutter 112 contacts stratum.In some instances, bladeOne or more in the fixed cutter 112 of 110 extend than cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c more in profile 200Far.In other example, cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c and fixed cutter 112 extend in profile 200 equably.?In other example, one or more fixed cutter 112 can extend than in cutting row 604a, 604b, 604cOr multiple farther, and cutting row 604a, 604b, 604c of another subgroup can extend than other fixed cutter 112Farther.For example, the cutting row profile of the first gear wheel disk can extend more farther than fixed cutter profile and describedFixed cutter profile can extend more farther than the profile of the second gear wheel disk.
See Fig. 4 A, with end-view, exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 ' is shown.Exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 ' is similar to Fig. 3 AExemplary Mixed drilling bit 100, but Mixed drilling bit 100 ' comprises four gear wheel disks 114 and two blades 110.
Fig. 4 B shows the exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile 200 ' of the exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 ' corresponding to Fig. 4 A.ExampleProperty Mixed drilling bit profile 200 ' is similar to the exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile 200 of Fig. 3 B, but exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile200 ' comprise four gear wheels disk 114a, 114b, 114c and 114d and the fixed cutter 112 from two blades 110.
See Fig. 5 A, with end-view, exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 is shown ".Exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 " is similar to Fig. 3 AExemplary Mixed drilling bit 100, but Mixed drilling bit 100 " comprises four gear wheel disks 114 and three blades 110 '.ExemplaryMixed drilling bit 100 " blade 110 ' radially extend fewer than gear wheel disk 114 from center drill main body axis 108.Citing comesSaying, blade 110 ' is more inside than gear wheel disk 114 relative to the center bit main body axis 108 of drill main body 102.
Fig. 5 B shows exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100 corresponding to Fig. 5 A " exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile 200 ".ExampleProperty Mixed drilling bit profile 200 " it is similar to the exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile 200 of Fig. 3 B, but exemplary Mixed drilling bit profile200 " four gear wheels disk 114a, 114b, 114c, 114d and the fixing cutting unit of three blades 110 from Fig. 5 A are comprisedPart 112.
The most exemplary Mixed drilling bit 100,100 ' and 100 " etc. Mixed drilling bit can be configured around center bit masterBody axis rotates, and wherein drills end and abuts against stratum in the wellbore.Around drilling the gear wheel disk of end arrangement with substantiallyOr fully rotating action crushing or fracturing stratum, the fixed cutter on blade abuts against stratum with shear action and scrapes simultaneouslyCut.The spinning movement of gear wheel disk can comprise along with rolling the part scraping on stratum or the true of shearing or nearly true rollingDynamic.In some instances, gear wheel disk makes stratum rupture in advance so that fixed cutter scraping stratum rupture in advance cutBits.
In view of discussed above, some aspect contains a kind of Mixed drilling bit, and it comprises: drill main body, at described drill main bodyCenter there is center bit main body axis；Blade, it is on described drill main body, and described blade is from described drill main bodyOne end extends；And gear wheel disk, it is rotationally coupled to described drill bit around the described end of described drill main bodyMain body is to rotate on gear wheel disk axis.Described gear wheel disk axis extends towards described center bit main body axis.DescribedBlade comprises multiple fixed cutter.
Some aspect contains a kind of well system, and it comprises well head, is connected to the drill string of described well head, and is connected to instituteState the Mixed drilling bit of drill string.Described Mixed drilling bit comprises: drill main body, has center bit in the center of described drill main bodyMain body axis；Blade, it is on described drill main body, and described blade extends from an end of described drill main body；And toothWheel disk, it is rotationally coupled to described drill main body with at gear wheel disk axis around the described end of described drill main bodyUpper rotation.Described gear wheel disk axis extends towards described center bit main body axis.Described blade comprises multiple fixing cuttingElement.
Some aspect contains a kind of method on stratum cut in pit shaft.Described method comprises: in stratum in the wellboreRotary drilling-head；Use the gear wheel disk on described drill bit with stratum described in spinning movement crushing or pressure break；And use described brillThe fixed cutter on blade on head is with stratum described in shear action scraping.
The above can comprise some in following characteristics, does not comprise following characteristics, or comprises all following characteristics.InstituteState Mixed drilling bit and comprise the arm being connected to described drill main body, described arm generally along described center bit main body axis extend andCross the described end of described drill main body.Described gear wheel disk is rotationally coupled to described arm.The tooth of described gear wheel diskWheel disk axis intersects with described center bit main body axis.The gear wheel disk axis of described gear wheel disk is not at described centerThe radial direction of drill main body axis.Beeline S between described center bit main body axis and described gear wheel disk axis is less than0.5 inch.Described gear wheel disk comprises disc body and the generally annular cutting row radially disposed around described disc body,And described gear wheel disk comprises only one cutting row.Described cutting row defines the Plane of rotation at the center through described cutting row,And described Plane of rotation is orthogonal to described gear wheel disk axis.The described Plane of rotation of described gear wheel disk is generally perpendicular to correspondenceThe periphery of drill bit profile, and the center of described gear wheel disk is the joining of described gear wheel disk axis and described Plane of rotation.Described gear wheel disk is in the shoulder district of described drill bit profile.Described Mixed drilling bit comprises multiple disk and multiple blade.DescribedMultiple disks are different distances L away from described center bit main body axis, and wherein said distance L is the center of corresponding gear wheel diskAnd the beeline between described center bit main body axis.The plurality of gear wheel disk can not be at the circle of corresponding drill bit profileIn cone district.Each gear wheel disk axis of the plurality of disk becomes different angle betas, Qi Zhongsuo from described center bit main body axisStating angle beta is the angle that corresponding gear wheel disk axis becomes with described center bit main body axis.The plurality of blade is relative to describedThe described center bit main body axis of drill main body is more inside than the plurality of disk.Described gear wheel disk describedCutting row extends more farther than the described fixed cutter of described blade from the described end of described drill main body.Described mixingDrill bit comprises the arm being connected to described drill main body, and described arm generally along described center bit main body axis and extends and cross instituteState the described end of drill main body, and described gear wheel disk is rotationally coupled to described arm.Described gear wheel disk comprises diskMain body and the generally annular cutting row radially disposed around described disc body, and described gear wheel disk includes that only one is cutOK.Use gear wheel disk to comprise the described gear wheel disk of use with stratum described in spinning movement crushing or pressure break and make described stratum in advanceRupturing, it is more deeper than the described fixed cutter of described blade that wherein said gear wheel disk enters described stratum.Use on bladeFixed cutter comprise the chip ruptured in advance on scraping stratum with stratum described in shear action scraping.Use described drill bitOn gear wheel disk comprise with stratum described in spinning movement crushing or pressure break and be configured to roll against described stratum with little shearingDynamic gear wheel disk.
Have been described with some embodiments.It will be appreciated, however, that various modifications may be made.Therefore, other embodimentWithin the scope of the appended claims.