技术领域technical field
本发明属于回旋加速器设计技术，具体涉及一种增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区Vr等于1共振处磁刚度的方法。The invention belongs to the cyclotron design technology, and in particular relates to a method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness of a lead-out region Vr equal to 1 resonance of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron.
背景技术Background technique
在回旋加速器中，粒子所能达到的最终能量由磁刚度决定，磁刚度标明了弯转半径的值和在该半径上的磁场强度，磁刚度是粒子动能的函数，可表达为公式(1)：In a cyclotron, the final energy that a particle can achieve is determined by the magnetic stiffness, which indicates the value of the radius of curvature and the magnetic field strength at that radius, and the magnetic stiffness is a function of the kinetic energy of the particle, which can be expressed as formula (1) :
式中Z为粒子的电荷态，k为动能(MeV)，E0为静止能量(MeV)。In the formula, Z is the charge state of the particle,k is the kinetic energy (MeV), and E0 is the rest energy (MeV).
根据回旋加速器的等时性原理，有According to the isochronism principle of the cyclotron, there is
式中Bcenter是中心磁场，c为光速，ω0为粒子回旋频率，r为回旋半径。给定磁场与回旋频率Bcenter、ω0，由公式(2)可以给出理论等时场。根据公式(2)，回旋加速器等时性磁场随半径递增。In the formula, Bcenter is the central magnetic field, c is the speed of light, ω0 is the particle gyration frequency, and r is the gyration radius. Given the magnetic field and cyclotron frequency Bcenter , ω0 , the theoretical isochronous field can be given by formula (2). According to formula (2), the cyclotron isochronous magnetic field increases with the radius.
等时性回旋加速器的自由振荡频率近似表达式为：The approximate expression of the free oscillation frequency of an isochronous cyclotron is:
式中调变度F由下式决定：The degree of modulation F in the formula is determined by the following formula:
其中，<B>＝α·Bhill+(1-α)·Bvalley(6)Among them, <B>＝α·Bhill +(1-α)·Bvalley (6)
α为磁极所占的比例，Bhill、Bvalley分别为中心平面上峰区与谷区的磁场，一般来说，Bhill＞Bvalley。<B>为半径r处的平均磁场。为了避免径向震荡频率共振导致的束流损失，对于中能回旋加速器，磁极的叶片数N≥4，因此(4)式近似为公式(7)：α is the proportion of the magnetic poles, Bhill and Bvalley are the magnetic fields of the peak area and the valley area on the central plane respectively, generally speaking, Bhill > Bvalley . <B> is the average magnetic field at the radius r. In order to avoid radial oscillation frequency For the beam loss caused by resonance, for a medium-energy cyclotron, the number of blades of the magnetic pole is N≥4, so formula (4) is approximated as formula (7):
式中In the formula
由公式(1)可知，当加速的粒子种类确定(即粒子的电荷态Z，粒子静止能量E0确定)，粒子所能加速到的最大动能由回旋加速器的磁刚度决定。由(8)式知，当回旋加速器平均磁场不再增加即附近的磁刚度最大，带入到(7)式中得到vr＝1附近磁刚度最大，即回旋加速器磁极大半径vr＝1共振附近的磁刚度体现了回旋加速器最大加速能量的大小。It can be known from formula (1) that when the type of particle to be accelerated is determined (that is, the charge state Z of the particle and the rest energy E0 of the particle are determined), the maximum kinetic energy to which the particle can be accelerated is determined by the magnetic stiffness of the cyclotron. According to formula (8), when the average magnetic field of the cyclotron no longer increases which is The magnetic stiffness in the vicinity is the largest, which is brought into Equation (7) to obtain the largest magnetic stiffness near vr = 1, that is, the magnetic stiffness near the cyclotron magnetic maximum radius vr = 1 reflects the maximum acceleration energy of the cyclotron.
传统技术中，为了增加径向震荡频率vr＝1共振附近的磁刚度，或者需要增加磁极角宽度(根据公式(6))，减小谷区角宽度；或者需要增加磁极半径。但通常前者会导致谷区高频系统设计困难，高频腔体品质因数下降；后者会导致引出系统设计困难，引出电压过高。最终都会导致整个加速器性能下降。In the traditional technology, in order to increase the magnetic stiffness near the resonance of the radial oscillation frequency vr =1, either the width of the magnetic pole angle needs to be increased (according to formula (6)), and the width of the valley region angle should be reduced; or the magnetic pole radius needs to be increased. But usually the former will lead to difficulties in the design of the high-frequency system in the valley area, and the quality factor of the high-frequency cavity will decrease; the latter will lead to difficulties in the design of the extraction system and the extraction voltage is too high. Ultimately, the performance of the entire accelerator will be degraded.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是在不增加磁极角宽度(不影响高频系统设计)，不增加磁极半径(不影响引出系统设计)的条件下，增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，进而提高回旋加速器最大加速能量。The purpose of the present invention is to enhance the resonance at vr =1 in the lead-out region of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron without increasing the width of the magnetic pole angle (not affecting the design of the high-frequency system) and without increasing the radius of the magnetic pole (not affecting the design of the lead-out system) The method of magnetic stiffness can further improve the maximum acceleration energy of the cyclotron.
本发明的技术方案如下：一种增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，包括如下步骤：The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness at the resonance placevr =1 in the lead-out region of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron comprises the following steps:
(1)利用现有的回旋加速器设计方法给出符合中能回旋加速器束流动力学要求的初步磁铁设计方案；(1) Using the existing cyclotron design method to give a preliminary magnet design scheme that meets the beam dynamics requirements of a medium-energy cyclotron;
(2)以步骤(1)的初步磁铁设计方案为基础，在不改变磁极半径以及不增加励磁电流的情况下，将中能超导回旋加速器的低温恒温器筒体部分非导磁材料改为导磁材料；(2) Based on the preliminary magnet design scheme in step (1), without changing the radius of the magnetic pole and without increasing the excitation current, change the non-magnetic material of the cryostat cylinder part of the medium-energy superconducting cyclotron to Magnetic material;
(3)利用有限元模型优化计算中能超导回旋加速器的低温恒温器筒体外筒壁导磁材料的高度和/或内筒壁导磁材料的高度和/或恒温器导磁材料的壁厚和/或恒温器内筒壁距离中能超导回旋加速器磁极边缘的距离，并适当减小步骤(1)的初步磁铁设计方案中的超导主磁铁磁极角宽度，使得计算得到的磁场分布满足等时性的条件。(3) Using the finite element model to optimize the calculation of the height of the outer cylinder wall magnetic material of the cryostat cylinder and/or the height of the inner cylinder wall magnetic material and/or the wall thickness of the thermostat magnetic material of the low-energy superconducting cyclotron and/or the distance between the inner wall of the thermostat and the edge of the magnetic pole of the superconducting cyclotron, and appropriately reduce the magnetic pole angle width of the superconducting main magnet in the preliminary magnet design scheme of step (1), so that the calculated magnetic field distribution satisfies isochronous conditions.
进一步，如上所述的增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，其中，步骤(1)中所述的现有的回旋加速器设计方法包括公知的磁场计算程序及粒子跟踪程序的计算方法，或者利用回旋加速器等时性理论及束流聚焦理论的计算方法。Further, the method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness at the resonance of vr =1 in the lead-out region of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron as described above, wherein the existing cyclotron design method described in step (1) includes a known magnetic field calculation program and The calculation method of the particle tracking program, or the calculation method using the cyclotron isochronism theory and the beam focusing theory.
进一步，如上所述的增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，其中，步骤(2)中所述的导磁材料为电工纯铁或低碳钢导磁材料。Further, the method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness at the resonance of vr =1 in the lead-out region of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron as described above, wherein the magnetically permeable material described in step (2) is electrical pure iron or low carbon steel magnetically permeable material .
更进一步，如上所述的增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，其中，步骤(2)中将低温恒温器筒体的内筒壁上部、外筒壁上部改为导磁材料。Furthermore, the method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness at the resonance of vr =1 in the lead-out region of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron as described above, wherein, in step (2), the upper part of the inner cylinder wall and the upper part of the outer cylinder wall of the cryostat cylinder are Change to magnetic material.
进一步，如上所述的增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，其中，在步骤(3)优化计算过程中，有限元模型的优化对象优先选择内筒壁导磁材料的高度和外筒壁导磁材料的高度。Further, the method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness at the resonance of vr =1 in the lead-out region of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron as described above, wherein, in the optimization calculation process of step (3), the optimization object of the finite element model preferably selects the inner cylinder wall conduction The height of the magnetic material and the height of the magnetic material of the outer cylinder wall.
更进一步，如上所述的增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，其中，在步骤(3)优化计算过程中，存在多种内筒壁导磁材料的高度和外筒壁导磁材料的高度的参数组合给出的磁场都满足等时性条件，应利用粒子跟踪程序输出不同参数组合对应的径向震荡频率vr＝1处的磁刚度，比较并选择径向震荡频率vr＝1处的磁刚度尽量大的参数组合。Furthermore, the method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness at the resonance of vr =1 in the lead-out region of the medium-energy superconducting cyclotron as described above, wherein, in the optimization calculation process of step (3), there are various heights of the magnetically permeable material of the inner cylinder wall The magnetic field given by the parameter combination with the height of the outer cylinder wall magnetic material all satisfies the isochronous condition, and the particle tracking program should be used to output the magnetic stiffness at the radial oscillation frequency vr = 1 corresponding to different parameter combinations, and compare and select A combination of parameters in which the magnetic stiffness at the radial oscillation frequency vr =1 is as large as possible.
本发明的有益效果如下：本发明将中能超导回旋加速器的低温恒温器筒体部分材料改为电工纯铁或低碳钢导磁材料，通过计算确定低温恒温器筒体导磁材料与非导磁材料的尺寸，从而使得粒子跟踪程序输出的径向震荡频率vr＝1处的磁刚度最大。本发明可以在不增加加速器尺寸、不增加励磁电流的情况下获得更高的加速能量。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the present invention, the material of the cylinder of the cryostat of the medium-energy superconducting cyclotron is changed to electric pure iron or low-carbon steel magnetic material, and the difference between the magnetic material of the cylinder of the cryostat and the non-magnetic material is determined by calculation. The size of the magnetically permeable material is such that the magnetic stiffness at the radial oscillation frequency vr =1 output by the particle tracking program is the largest. The invention can obtain higher acceleration energy without increasing the size of the accelerator or increasing the excitation current.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为超导回旋加速器的低温恒温器筒体的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the cryostat barrel of superconducting cyclotron;
图2为低温恒温器采用部分导磁材料的平均磁场沿着半径的分布与恒温器不采用导磁材料的平均磁场比较示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram comparing the distribution of the average magnetic field along the radius of the cryostat using part of the magnetic permeable material with the average magnetic field of the cryostat without the magnetic permeable material.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明所提供的一种增强中能超导回旋加速器引出区vr＝1共振处磁刚度的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for enhancing the magnetic stiffness at the resonance of vr =1 in the lead-out region of a medium-energy superconducting cyclotron provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1)根据回旋加速器现有的公知设计方法，譬如，利用本领域公知的磁场计算程序及粒子跟踪程序计算给出，或者利用回旋加速器等时性理论及束流聚焦理论(公式(1)-(8))估算给出符合中能回旋加速器束流动力学要求的初步磁铁设计方案；(1) According to the existing known design methods of cyclotrons, for example, using magnetic field calculation programs and particle tracking programs known in the art to calculate, or using cyclotron isochronism theory and beam focusing theory (formula (1)- (8) Estimating and giving a preliminary magnet design scheme that meets the beam dynamics requirements of a medium-energy cyclotron;
(2)以步骤(1)的初步磁铁设计方案为基础，在不改变磁极半径以及不增加励磁电流的情况下，将中能超导回旋加速器的低温恒温器筒体部分非导磁材料(如304不锈钢或铝)改为电工纯铁或低碳钢导磁材料；如图2所示，改变的部位包括低温恒温器筒体的内筒壁上部2、外筒壁上部3；(2) Based on the preliminary magnet design scheme of step (1), without changing the radius of the magnetic pole and without increasing the excitation current, the non-magnetic material (such as 304 stainless steel or aluminum) is changed to electrical pure iron or low carbon steel magnetically conductive material; as shown in Figure 2, the changed parts include the upper part 2 of the inner cylinder wall and the upper part 3 of the outer cylinder wall of the cryostat cylinder;
(3)利用有限元模型优化计算中能超导回旋加速器的低温恒温器筒体外筒壁导磁材料3的高度和/或内筒壁导磁材料2的高度和/或恒温器导磁材料的壁厚和/或恒温器内筒壁距离中能超导回旋加速器磁极边缘1的距离，并适当减小步骤(1)的初步磁铁设计方案中的超导主磁铁磁极角宽度，使得计算得到的磁场分布满足如公式(2)所示的等时性的条件。(3) Using the finite element model to optimize the calculation of the height of the outer cylinder wall magnetic material 3 and/or the height of the inner cylinder wall magnetic material 2 and/or the height of the thermostat magnetic material of the cryostat cylinder of the medium-energy superconducting cyclotron Wall thickness and/or the distance of the magnetic pole edge 1 of the superconducting cyclotron in the distance from the inner cylinder wall of the thermostat, and appropriately reduce the magnetic pole angle width of the superconducting main magnet in the preliminary magnet design scheme of step (1), so that the calculated The magnetic field distribution satisfies the condition of isochronism as shown in formula (2).
在优化过程中，恒温器导磁材料的壁厚(图1中W1，W2，W3)的取值还必须考虑到恒温器的结构稳定性，恒温器内筒壁距离中能超导回旋加速器磁极边缘的距离dR的取值也必须考虑恒温器与磁铁的配合，因此，有限元模型优化过程主要优化的对象是内筒壁导磁材料的高度和外筒壁导磁材料的高度；优化过程中，存在多种内筒壁导磁材料的高度和外筒壁导磁材料的高度的参数组合给出的磁场都满足等时性条件，应利用粒子跟踪程序输出不同参数组合对应的径向震荡频率vr＝1处的磁刚度，比较并选择径向震荡频率vr＝1处的磁刚度尽量大的参数组合。In the optimization process, the value of the wall thickness of the thermostat magnetic material (W1, W2, W3 in Figure 1) must also take into account the structural stability of the thermostat, and the distance between the inner cylinder wall of the thermostat and the magnetic pole of the superconducting cyclotron The value of the distance dR of the edge must also consider the cooperation between the thermostat and the magnet. Therefore, the main optimization objects of the finite element model optimization process are the height of the magnetic material of the inner cylinder wall and the height of the magnetic material of the outer cylinder wall; , there are a variety of parameter combinations of the height of the inner cylinder wall magnetic material and the height of the outer cylinder wall magnetic material to give a magnetic field that satisfies the isochronous condition, and the particle tracking program should be used to output the radial oscillation frequency corresponding to different parameter combinations The magnetic stiffness at vr =1, compare and select the parameter combination whose magnetic stiffness at the radial oscillation frequency vr =1 is as large as possible.
实施例Example
以某中能超导回旋加速器为例，选择恒温器内筒壁上部和外筒壁上部采用的导磁材料16Mn钢，图1中，H1＝70mm，H2＝H，W1＝W2＝W3＝30mm，dR＝5mm，平均磁场沿着半径的分布与恒温器不采用导磁材料的平均磁场比较见图2所示。图中虚线恒温器加导磁材料情况，vr＝1处的磁刚度2.44T·m远大于无导磁材料情况(图中实线)磁刚度最大2.19T·m。Taking a certain medium-energy superconducting cyclotron as an example, the magnetic material 16Mn steel used in the upper part of the inner wall of the thermostat and the upper part of the outer wall of the thermostat is selected. In Figure 1, H1=70mm, H2=H, W1=W2=W3=30mm , dR = 5mm, the distribution of the average magnetic field along the radius is shown in Figure 2 compared with the average magnetic field of the thermostat without magnetic permeable material. In the case of the dotted line thermostat plus magnetic material, the magnetic stiffness at vr = 1 is 2.44T·m, which is much higher than that of the case without magnetic material (solid line in the figure), the maximum magnetic stiffness is 2.19T·m.
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若对本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2016106139464 | 2016-07-29 | ||
| CN201610613946 | 2016-07-29 |
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| CN201610828601.0AActiveCN106163074B (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-09-18 | Energy superconducting cyclotron draw-out area Vr is equal to the method for magnetic rigidity at 1 resonance in enhancing |
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