技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种快速同步跳频电台组网的实现方法，属于无线通信领域。利用跳频电台组网进行信息的传输，可以满足实际应用中对多点通信的要求，同时有效的保障通信的可靠性以及安全性，提高通信的抗干扰能力。The invention relates to a method for realizing a network of fast synchronous frequency-hopping radio stations, which belongs to the field of wireless communication. The use of frequency hopping radio network for information transmission can meet the requirements for multi-point communication in practical applications, and at the same time effectively guarantee the reliability and security of communication, and improve the anti-interference ability of communication.
背景技术Background technique
跳频通信是指收发双方的载波频率根据预定规律在一定频带范围内进行随机跳变的通信方式。相较于传统的定频通信，跳频通信具有较强的抗干扰能力。同时跳频技术以其频率利用率高、组网方便、易于多址通信以及兼容性好等特点被广泛的应用于在军事或民用领域。Frequency hopping communication refers to a communication method in which the carrier frequency of the transmitting and receiving parties randomly hops within a certain frequency band according to a predetermined rule. Compared with traditional fixed frequency communication, frequency hopping communication has stronger anti-interference ability. At the same time, frequency hopping technology is widely used in military or civilian fields due to its high frequency utilization rate, convenient networking, easy multi-address communication and good compatibility.
为了满足现代通信过程中多个终端之间实现点对点跳频通信，需要对终端进行统一管理，根据预先约定好的规则进行相互通信，优化信道资源、提高通信效率。对于跳频通信由于其通信频点随跳频图案不断变换，因此可以根据跳频图案扩展网络。目前跳频技术与TDMA时分多址技术相结合的同步正交网络以其组网数量大、网间干扰小、抗侦查等优点受到广泛应用。In order to meet the point-to-point frequency hopping communication between multiple terminals in the modern communication process, it is necessary to manage the terminals in a unified manner, communicate with each other according to pre-agreed rules, optimize channel resources, and improve communication efficiency. For frequency hopping communication, because its communication frequency points are constantly changing with the frequency hopping pattern, the network can be expanded according to the frequency hopping pattern. At present, the synchronous orthogonal network combining frequency hopping technology and TDMA time division multiple access technology is widely used for its advantages of large number of networks, small interference between networks, and anti-detection.
目前很多基于TDMA技术的跳频电台采用独立信道单一频点建立同步的方式，同步建立过程虽然迅速但是易受干扰，组网过程相对简单，部分终端被干扰后，无法动态调节时隙，造成资源浪费，降低通信效率。本发明提供一种基于TDMA时分多址技术的快速同步跳频电台组网方法。该方法通过中心节点建立时间基准，完成组网同步；同步过程中采用快跳扫描慢跳跟踪的方式，同时通过对网内电台时隙的动态分配以及迟入网电台的处理，该方法较之上述同步正交网络法能够提高同步过程的抗干扰能力、以及跳频网络的通信效率和稳定性。At present, many frequency hopping radio stations based on TDMA technology adopt the method of establishing synchronization with a single frequency point of an independent channel. Although the synchronization establishment process is fast, it is susceptible to interference. The networking process is relatively simple. After some terminals are interfered, they cannot dynamically adjust the time slot, causing resource Waste and reduce communication efficiency. The invention provides a fast synchronous frequency hopping radio station networking method based on TDMA time division multiple access technology. This method establishes a time reference through the central node to complete the synchronization of the network; in the synchronization process, the method of fast-hop scanning and slow-hop tracking is adopted, and at the same time, through the dynamic allocation of the time slots of the radio stations in the network and the processing of late network stations, this method is better than the above-mentioned method. The synchronous orthogonal network method can improve the anti-interference ability of the synchronization process, as well as the communication efficiency and stability of the frequency hopping network.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，提供一种快速同步跳频电台的组网实现方法，能实现多电台之间分时隙点对多点通信，实现电台时隙的动态分配以及迟入网处理。具有同步稳定、通信效率高、抗干扰能力强、抗截获能力强等特点。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fast synchronous frequency hopping radio network implementation method, which can realize time-slot point-to-multipoint communication between multiple radio stations, and realize dynamic allocation of radio time slots and late network entry processing. It has the characteristics of stable synchronization, high communication efficiency, strong anti-interference ability, and strong anti-interception ability.
本发明是采用以下技术手段实现的：The present invention is realized by adopting the following technical means:
一种快速同步跳频电台的组网实现方法，其组网方式如下：A method for implementing a network of fast synchronous frequency hopping radio stations, the networking method is as follows:
1.1 网络的同步过程以主机快速跳频扫描，从机慢速跳频跟踪的方式建立握手通信，主从机采用一组专门用于同步的跳频图案；建立同步后的通信过程则采用另外一组具有良好自相关性、互相关性的跳频图案；1.1 The synchronization process of the network establishes handshake communication by fast frequency hopping scanning of the host and slow frequency hopping tracking of the slave. The master and slave adopt a set of frequency hopping patterns specially used for synchronization; the communication process after establishing synchronization uses another Group frequency hopping patterns with good autocorrelation and cross-correlation;
1.2 同步过程中主机根据接收到的从机的反馈信息，动态监控网内电台数量，对通信时隙进行实时分配，去掉多余时隙；从机根据分配到的时隙，在各自时隙发送数据，整个网络保持严格的时隙同步，并进行正常通信；1.2 During the synchronization process, the master dynamically monitors the number of radio stations in the network according to the feedback information received from the slave, and allocates the communication time slots in real time to remove redundant time slots; the slaves send data in their respective time slots according to the allocated time slots , the entire network maintains strict time slot synchronization and communicates normally;
1.3 迟入网的电台循环慢速跳频跟踪主机的扫描信息，主机调控整个网络，每隔一定时间发送迟入网扫描信息，剔除掉网电台，加入迟入网申请电台，重新分配时隙，组织通信网络；1.3 Stations that are late to the network cyclically and slowly hop to track the scanning information of the host. The host controls the entire network, sends late network scanning information at regular intervals, removes dropped stations, joins late network application stations, redistributes time slots, and organizes the communication network ;
前述步骤中1.1、1.2的同步建立步骤如下：The synchronization establishment steps of 1.1 and 1.2 in the preceding steps are as follows:
2.1主机开机后按照同步跳频图案快速扫描，在每个频点发送相同的信道同步信息，同步信息包含反馈时隙信息；从机开机后按照与主机相同的跳频图案进行慢扫描跟踪，在每个频点上驻留固定时间接收主机的同步信息；2.1 After the master is turned on, it scans quickly according to the synchronous frequency hopping pattern, and sends the same channel synchronization information at each frequency point. The synchronization information includes the feedback time slot information; Residing on each frequency point for a fixed time to receive the synchronization information of the host;
2.2 如果从机接收到主机发送的信道同步头帧，则等待反馈时隙到来时发送反馈确认帧，每个从机根据自己的编号反馈时隙有所不同；如果从机没有接收到主机发送的信道同步头帧，则从机继续慢跳跟踪；主机循环发送完同步信息进入接收状态，接收各从机发送的反馈确认帧；2.2 If the slave receives the channel synchronization header frame sent by the master, it waits for the feedback time slot to send a feedback confirmation frame, and each slave has different feedback time slots according to its own number; if the slave does not receive the The channel synchronization head frame, the slave continues to track slowly; the master sends the synchronization information in a loop and enters the receiving state, and receives the feedback confirmation frame sent by each slave;
2.3 如果主机接收到各从机的反馈确认帧，则主机根据接收到的反馈信息建立一个从机列表，记录网内从机数量以及从机号；主机转而进入时隙分配状态，向网内从机发送时隙分配帧；从机发送完反馈确认帧后进入接收状态，接收主机的时隙分配帧；如果主机没有接收到任何从机的反馈确认帧，则返回2.1的主从机开机后的过程；2.3 If the host receives the feedback confirmation frame from each slave, the host will create a list of slaves according to the received feedback information, record the number of slaves in the network and the number of slaves; The slave sends a time slot allocation frame; the slave enters the receiving state after sending the feedback confirmation frame, and receives the time slot allocation frame of the master; if the master does not receive any feedback confirmation frame from the slave, it returns to 2.1 after the master and slave are turned on the process of;
2.4 主机发送完时隙分配帧后进入接收状态，接收各从机的时隙确认帧；从机接收到时隙分配帧后进入发送状态，按分配的时隙发送时隙确认帧；如果主机没有收到所有从机的时隙确认帧，则返回2.3的过程；如果没有收到任何从机的时隙确认帧，则返回2.1的过程；2.4 The master enters the receiving state after sending the time slot allocation frame, and receives the time slot confirmation frame of each slave; the slave machine enters the sending state after receiving the time slot allocation frame, and sends the time slot confirmation frame according to the allocated time slot; if the master does not After receiving the time slot confirmation frame of all slaves, return to the process of 2.3; if no time slot confirmation frame of any slave is received, return to the process of 2.1;
2.5如果主机接收到所有网内从机的时隙确认帧，则建网同步成功，进入发送状态；主机发送通信确认帧，从机接收到通信确认帧后进入接收状态；整个网络开始分时隙通信，每个电台在各自时隙发送数据，在非本机时隙接收数据；2.5 If the master receives the time slot confirmation frames of all the slaves in the network, the network synchronization is successful and enters the sending state; the master sends the communication confirmation frame, and the slave enters the receiving state after receiving the communication confirmation frame; the entire network begins to divide time slots Communication, each radio station sends data in its own time slot and receives data in non-local time slots;
前述步骤中1.3对迟入网电台和掉网电台申请处理过程如下：In the preceding steps 1.3, the application process for late network stations and dropped network stations is as follows:
3.1 如果迟入网检测计时器计时到M（M为迟入网计时器的计数最大值），则由2.5返回2.1的过程，迟入网电台接收主机的同步信息，网络重新建立，加入迟入网电台，剔除掉网电台；3.1 If the late network detection timer counts to M (M is the maximum value of the late network timer), then return to the process of 2.1 from 2.5, the late network station receives the synchronization information from the host, the network is re-established, and the late network station is added and eliminated. drop network radio station;
3.2 跳频电台网络进入通信状态后，掉网检测计时器以及迟入网检测计时器开始计时；若掉网检测计时器计时到N（N为掉网检测计时器的计数最大值），则由2.5返回2.4的过程，由主机再次接收从机的时隙确认帧；3.2 After the frequency hopping radio network enters the communication state, the network disconnection detection timer and the late network detection timer start counting; Return to the process of 2.4, and the master receives the time slot confirmation frame from the slave again;
前述步骤3.2中所述的掉网检测计时器用于对掉网电台检测时间间隔进行计数，当网内主从机循环发送完一次数据后计时器加1；The network disconnection detection timer described in the aforementioned step 3.2 is used to count the detection time interval of the network disconnection station, and the timer is increased by 1 when the master-slave machine in the network has sent the data cyclically once;
前述步骤中3.1、3.2中所述的迟入网检测计时器用于对迟入网电台检测时间间隔进行计数，当网内主从机循环发送完一次数据后计时器加1。The late network detection timer described in 3.1 and 3.2 in the preceding steps is used to count the time interval for late network station detection, and the timer is incremented by 1 when the master and slave machines in the network have sent data cyclically once.
本发明一种快速同步跳频电台的组网实现方法，具有以下优势：A method for implementing a network of fast synchronous frequency hopping radio stations in the present invention has the following advantages:
1.跳频组网同步过程采用快跳同步扫描以及慢跳同步跟踪的方式，结合独立信道法、同步头法以及精准时钟法实现，组网同步稳定性好、失步率低、同步过程的抗截获能力强。1. The synchronization process of the frequency hopping network adopts the method of fast hopping synchronous scanning and slow hopping synchronous tracking, combined with the independent channel method, synchronous head method and precise clock method to achieve, the network synchronization stability is good, the out-of-sync rate is low, and the synchronization process is accurate. Strong anti-interception ability.
2.跳频组网系统基于时分多址技术，实现网内电台的精准分时隙跳频通信。组网中心节点可以对电台时隙进行动态分配，动态处理迟入网电台的入网申请。组网时隙利用率高、通信效率高、抗干扰性强、抗截获能力强。2. The frequency hopping networking system is based on time division multiple access technology to realize accurate time-slot frequency hopping communication of radio stations in the network. The central node of the networking can dynamically allocate the time slots of the radio stations, and dynamically process the network access applications of the late network radio stations. The networking time slot utilization rate is high, the communication efficiency is high, the anti-interference is strong, and the anti-interception ability is strong.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为组网方法实现过程图；Fig. 1 is a diagram of the realization process of the networking method;
图2为快跳扫描和慢跳跟踪过程图；Fig. 2 is a process diagram of fast-jump scanning and slow-jump tracking;
图3为主机通信流程图；Fig. 3 is a flow chart of host communication;
图4为从机通信流程图；Fig. 4 is a flow chart of slave communication;
图5为组网时隙分配图；Fig. 5 is a network time slot allocation diagram;
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合说明书附图对本发明的实施做进一步的说明：The implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
组网方法中首先规定一个终端为主机，作为中心节点，用于发送同步信息、时隙分配信息等以建立网络同步，其他终端为从机。In the networking method, one terminal is first defined as the master, as a central node, used to send synchronization information, time slot allocation information, etc. to establish network synchronization, and other terminals are slaves.
图1是组网方法的实现过程图，①过程使用快速跳频扫描方式，采用同步过程的跳频图案；①②过程采用同步头法，通过对同步头帧的收发达到电台之间的同步；②③④⑤过程采用固定信道法，所有电台都是在约定信道收发数据；③④过程对电台时隙进行动态分配；⑥⑦⑧过程组网电台分时隙通信，采用另外一组用于通信过程的跳频图案。Figure 1 is a diagram of the realization process of the networking method. ①The process uses the fast frequency hopping scanning method and the frequency hopping pattern of the synchronization process; ①②The process adopts the synchronization header method, and the synchronization between the stations is achieved by sending and receiving the synchronization header frame; ②③④⑤ The process adopts the fixed channel method, and all stations send and receive data in the agreed channel; ③④ the process dynamically allocates the time slots of the stations; ⑥⑦⑧ process networked stations communicate in time slots, and use another set of frequency hopping patterns for the communication process.
图2是建立同步过程中主机快跳扫描和从机慢跳跟踪的过程图。采用同步组网方式时，网内终端建立同步是组网方法实现过程的核心之一。如图2所示，同步过程中以采用8个频点的跳频图案为例。主机的频率切换周期为T，主机在每个周期T内发送相同的同步信息帧，以8T为一个循环，发送8个循环，总共是64T。主机扫描发送时隙后是反馈时隙，如图2中所示，如果有n个从机，则设置n个从机反馈时隙，用于主机接收从机反馈确认帧。从机的频率切换周期是主机切换频点周期的8倍为8T，接收主机的同步信息帧；若从机接收到主机的同步信息帧，则根据同步信息帧中的信息在反馈时隙发送反馈确认帧，各从机根据本机ID号依次在反馈时隙发送反馈确认帧。若主机没有收到任何从机的反馈确认帧，则返回快跳扫描状态，重复以上过程，直到跳频电台组网同步建立。以上过程结合了同步头法、独立信道法。Fig. 2 is a process diagram of master fast jump scanning and slave slow jump tracking in the establishment of synchronization process. When the synchronous networking method is adopted, the establishment of synchronization of terminals in the network is one of the cores of the realization process of the networking method. As shown in FIG. 2 , the frequency hopping pattern using 8 frequency points is taken as an example in the synchronization process. The frequency switching cycle of the host is T, and the host sends the same synchronization information frame in each cycle T, with 8T as a cycle, sending 8 cycles, a total of 64T. After the master scans the sending time slot, there is a feedback time slot, as shown in Figure 2, if there are n slave machines, set n slave machine feedback time slots for the master to receive slave machine feedback confirmation frames. The frequency switching period of the slave is 8 times of the switching frequency period of the master, which is 8T, and receives the synchronization information frame of the master; if the slave receives the synchronization information frame of the master, it will send feedback in the feedback time slot according to the information in the synchronization information frame Acknowledgment frame, each slave sends a feedback acknowledgment frame in the feedback time slot sequentially according to its ID number. If the host does not receive any feedback confirmation frame from any slave, it will return to the fast-skip scanning state and repeat the above process until the frequency-hopping radio network is established synchronously. The above process combines the synchronous head method and the independent channel method.
图3和图4分别详细描述了网内主机和从机的同步建立以及通信过程，如前述步骤2.1~2.5和3.1~3.2所述。组网过程中包括了主机快跳扫描、从机慢跳跟踪的跳频建立同步过程；主机根据反馈信息按需动态分配时隙的过程；定时监测网内电台数量，以及迟入网处理、电台掉网处理的过程；网内电台按照用于通信过程的跳频图案分时隙跳频通信的过程。Figure 3 and Figure 4 respectively describe in detail the synchronization establishment and communication process of the master and slave in the network, as described in steps 2.1~2.5 and 3.1~3.2 above. The networking process includes the master's fast-hop scanning and the slave's slow-hop tracking to establish a synchronization process for frequency hopping; the process of dynamically allocating time slots according to the needs of the master according to the feedback information; regular monitoring of the number of radio stations in the network, as well as late network processing, radio outage, etc. The process of network processing; the process of frequency hopping communication of radio stations in the network according to the frequency hopping pattern used for the communication process.
主机上电后进入快跳扫描状态，从机上电后进入慢跳跟踪状态，主从机按照图2所述步骤跳频建立同步，然后主机根据从机的反馈信息，编制从机列表，记录反馈的从机电台数量以及电台ID号，制定时隙分配方案，然后发送时隙分配帧。如果主机没有接收到任何从机的反馈确认信息，则主机返回快跳扫描状态。从机接收时隙分配帧，提取出与本机匹配的时隙信息，然后按照顺序在本机时隙向主机发送时隙确认帧。从机发送完时隙确认帧后随即进入接收状态，如果接收到通信确认帧，则可随主机进入跳频通信状态；如果依旧接收到主机的时隙分配帧，则继续发送时隙确认帧。在等待时隙确认过程中，主机如果没有接收到所有从机的时隙确认帧，则会再次发送时隙分配帧，如果依旧没有收到所有从机的时隙确认帧，则返回快跳扫描过程重新建立同步；如果主机接收到所有从机的时隙确认帧，则发送通信确认帧，组网系统进入跳频通信状态。After the master is powered on, it enters the fast-jump scanning state, and after the slave is powered on, it enters the slow-jump tracking state. The master and slave follow the steps described in Figure 2 to establish synchronization by frequency hopping, and then the master compiles the slave list and records the feedback according to the feedback information from the slave. The number of slave stations and the station ID number, formulate a time slot allocation plan, and then send a time slot allocation frame. If the master does not receive any feedback acknowledgment information from the slave, the master returns to the fast-skip scan state. The slave machine receives the time slot allocation frame, extracts the time slot information matching the local machine, and then sends the time slot confirmation frame to the master machine in the local machine time slot in order. After the slave sends the time slot confirmation frame, it enters the receiving state. If it receives the communication confirmation frame, it can enter the frequency hopping communication state with the master; if it still receives the master's time slot allocation frame, it continues to send the time slot confirmation frame. In the process of waiting for the slot confirmation, if the host does not receive the slot confirmation frames from all the slaves, it will send the slot allocation frame again, and if it still does not receive the slot confirmation frames from all the slaves, it will return to the fast scan The process re-establishes synchronization; if the master receives the time slot confirmation frames of all slaves, it sends a communication confirmation frame, and the networking system enters the frequency hopping communication state.
该组网方法基于时分多址技术，首先是主机时隙，主机发送数据，其他从机都处于接收状态，然后依次是从机1时隙、从机2时隙、直至从机n时隙。依照此方式达到半双工目的，网内所有电台之间都能实现数据通信。通信过程中加入了对迟入网电台的处理以及对电台掉网的处理。具体处理方式是分别加入迟入网检测计时器M和掉网检测计时器N。This networking method is based on time-division multiple access technology. First, the master time slot, the master sends data, and the other slaves are in the receiving state, followed by slave 1 time slot, slave 2 time slot, and slave n time slot. According to this method, the half-duplex purpose can be achieved, and data communication can be realized between all stations in the network. In the communication process, the processing of late network stations and the processing of stations dropping out of the network are added. The specific processing method is to add a late network detection timer M and a network disconnection detection timer N respectively.
设跳频系统的跳速设置为500跳每秒，则每个时隙的持续时长为2毫秒，那么整个同步过程不超过120毫秒，掉网检测过程需要从机反馈确认，耗时8毫秒。假设网内已有1台主机和3台从机入网，则得到如下三个数据：Assuming that the hopping speed of the frequency hopping system is set to 500 hops per second, the duration of each time slot is 2 milliseconds, then the entire synchronization process does not exceed 120 milliseconds, and the disconnection detection process requires slave feedback confirmation, which takes 8 milliseconds. Assuming that there is already 1 master and 3 slaves connected to the network, the following three data are obtained:
1）每个通信周期是4个通信时隙，即8毫秒；1) Each communication cycle is 4 communication time slots, namely 8 milliseconds;
2）迟入网时间占用率为迟入网处理时长与迟入网通信持续时长的比值，为120/8M；2) The ratio of late network access time occupancy rate to the late network network communication duration is 120/8M;
3）掉网检测时间占用率为掉网处理时长与掉网通信持续时长的比值，为8/8N；3) The time occupancy rate of network disconnection detection is the ratio of the disconnection processing time to the duration of network disconnection communication, which is 8/8N;
为了在满足迟入网电台快速入网的同时能够保证较高的通信效率，根据对多次实验结果的分析将迟入网时间占用率的值设置为5，将掉网检测时间占用率的值设置为10，则M取75，N取10。实际设计中可根据对通信速率以及对迟入网反应速度的要求将M和N的数值进行适当修改。In order to ensure high communication efficiency while satisfying the fast network access of late-entry stations, according to the analysis of multiple experimental results, the value of the late-entry time occupancy rate is set to 5, and the value of the network-off detection time occupancy rate is set to 10. , then M takes 75 and N takes 10. In the actual design, the values of M and N can be appropriately modified according to the requirements of the communication rate and the response speed of the late network entry.
主机发送完通信确认帧进入跳频通信状态时，两个计时器分别加1。主机通信时隙结束后，对两个计时器进行判别：When the host sends the communication confirmation frame and enters the frequency hopping communication state, the two timers are added to 1 respectively. After the host communication time slot ends, two timers are judged:
1、如果计时N到，计时M未到：组网内电台中断数据通信，主机发送对时同步头帧，从机在各自时隙反馈确认，如果反馈的电台数与上次确认的网内电台数一致表示没有电台掉网，则继续从机时隙通信，如果反馈的电台数与同步过程中确认的网内电台数不一致表示有电台掉网，则返回快跳扫描过程重新建立同步。1. If the timing N is up, but the timing M is not up: the radio station in the network interrupts the data communication, the master sends a time synchronization header frame, and the slave feeds back confirmation in its respective time slot. If the number of stations fed back is the same as the last confirmed radio station If the number is consistent, it means that no radio station is disconnected from the network, then continue to communicate with the slave time slot. If the number of stations fed back is inconsistent with the number of stations in the network confirmed during the synchronization process, it means that a station is disconnected from the network, then return to the fast skip scanning process to re-establish synchronization.
2、如果计时N未到，计时M到：组网内电台直接返回快速扫描过程重新建立同步，以处理迟入网电台的入网工作。2. If the timing N is not up, and the timing M is up: the radio stations in the network directly return to the fast scanning process to re-establish synchronization, so as to deal with the network access work of the late network radio stations.
3、如果计时N未到，计时M未到：进入从机时隙，从机依次发送通信数据。3. If the timing N is not up, and the timing M is not up: enter the time slot of the slave, and the slave sends communication data in sequence.
图5是对跳频通信过程中主从机时隙分配的描述，在进入通信状态后，主从机被依次分配为等时的时隙，各电台在各自时隙发送数据，其他时隙接收数据。Figure 5 is a description of the time slot allocation of the master and slave machines in the frequency hopping communication process. After entering the communication state, the master and slave machines are allocated to isochronous time slots in turn, and each station sends data in its own time slot, and receives data in other time slots. data.
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