技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电池领域，具体地，是涉及一种对电池剩余容量的估算方法以及实现这种方法的系统。The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a method for estimating the remaining capacity of a battery and a system for realizing the method.
背景技术Background technique
电池具有储存电能的作用，已经得到广泛的应用。现有的仪器、电子设备、工业装置，甚至汽车都大量使用电池来供电。随着电池的使用，其剩余寿命也在减小，而电池每经过一个充电周期或者放电周期后，电池的自放电量也随之增加，且电池的剩余能量存储容量也随之减小，而电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量也在减小。Batteries have the function of storing electrical energy and have been widely used. Existing instruments, electronic equipment, industrial devices, and even automobiles all use batteries for power supply in large quantities. With the use of the battery, its remaining life is also decreasing, and after each charging cycle or discharging cycle of the battery, the self-discharge capacity of the battery also increases, and the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery also decreases. The total energy storage capacity for the remaining life of the battery is also reduced.
在电池进行买卖交易时，电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量以及电池的剩余能量存储容量往往是决定电池经济价值的因素，因此，正确估算电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量以及电池的剩余能量存储容量在电池的交易过程中尤为重要。When buying and selling batteries, the remaining life of the battery, the total energy storage capacity and the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery are often factors that determine the economic value of the battery. It is especially important in the transaction process of batteries.
人们在日常生活中已经知悉，电池的剩余能量存储容量是随电池的年龄、电池过往的平均放电深度和/或电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数的增加而减少，而电池的自放电量则随电池的年龄和电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数增加而增加，其中，电池的自放电量是指电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内，并且在电池没有外在的放电电路的情况下，电池的充电状态下降百分比。People have known in daily life that the remaining energy storage capacity of a battery decreases with the age of the battery, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past, and/or the number of charge and/or discharge cycles the battery has experienced, while the battery's The self-discharge capacity increases with the age of the battery and the number of charge and/or discharge cycles that the battery has experienced. The percentage of battery state-of-charge degradation that occurs without an external discharge circuit for the battery.
并且，电池的剩余寿命随电池的年龄增加而减少，因此电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量也是如此，其中，电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量是在电池剩余寿命内的电池总共能够存储的能量上限，或者是在电池剩余寿命内的电池总共能够存储并能够随后释放的能量上限。而电池的剩余寿命随电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数增加而减少，因此，电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量也是如此。Also, the remaining life of a battery decreases as the battery ages, so does the total energy storage capacity for the remaining life of the battery, where the total energy storage capacity for the remaining life of the battery is the upper limit of the total energy that the battery can store during the remaining life of the battery , or the total amount of energy the battery can store and subsequently release over the remaining life of the battery. While the remaining life of a battery decreases with the number of charge and/or discharge cycles the battery has ever undergone, so does the total remaining life energy storage capacity of the battery.
另外，对已经使用的电池进行更换或者对电池进行充电时，往往也需要估算电池的剩余能量存储容量以及电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量。In addition, when replacing a used battery or charging the battery, it is often necessary to estimate the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery.
但是，目前实践中，还没有任何系统性和客观的方法来估算个别电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量和剩余能量存储容量，无法评估电池的经济价值，在判断是否需要更换电池、给电池进行充电或者出售电池时，无法正确判断电池的状态。However, in current practice, there is no systematic and objective method to estimate the remaining life total energy storage capacity and remaining energy storage capacity of individual batteries, and it is impossible to evaluate the economic value of batteries. Or when the battery is sold, the state of the battery cannot be correctly judged.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的主要目的是提供一种有效估算电池的剩余容量的方法。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively estimating the remaining capacity of a battery.
本发明的另一目的是提供一种为电池的交易、更换以及充电提供参考依据的估算电池的剩余容量的系统。Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for estimating the remaining capacity of a battery that provides a reference for the transaction, replacement and charging of the battery.
为了实现上述的主要目的，本发明提供的电池剩余容量的估算方法包括估算电池的剩余能量存储容量，在电池充电周期的第一时间点测量电池的初始充电状态，在充电周期的第二时间点测量电池的最终充电状态，第二时间点晚于第一时间点；测量在充电周期中第一时间点与第二时间点之间输入到电池的能量；使用初始充电状态、最终充电状态和输入到电池的能量计算电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标。In order to achieve the above main purpose, the method for estimating the remaining capacity of the battery provided by the present invention includes estimating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, measuring the initial state of charge of the battery at the first time point of the charging cycle of the battery, and measuring the initial state of charge of the battery at the second time point of the charging cycle Measure the final state of charge of the battery at a second point in time later than the first point in time; measure the energy input to the battery between the first point in time and the second point in time in the charge cycle; use the initial state of charge, final state of charge, and input The energy to battery calculation is an indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery.
由上述方案可见，通过记录电池在充电周期的初始充电状态、最终充电状态和输入到电池的能量，并使用上述的参数计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标，并且可以为电池的交易、更换、充电提供依据。It can be seen from the above scheme that by recording the initial state of charge of the battery in the charging cycle, the final state of charge and the energy input to the battery, and using the above parameters to calculate the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, and it can be used for the transaction and replacement of the battery , Charging provides a basis.
一个优选的方案是，计算电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标为：将输入到电池的能量除以最终充电状态和初始充电状态之间的差。A preferred solution is that the indicator for calculating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery is: dividing the energy input into the battery by the difference between the final state of charge and the initial state of charge.
由此可见，电池的最终充电状态、初始充电状态以及输入的能量均容易被测量，使用上述的参数通过简单的计算方法即可以方便地计算电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标。It can be seen that the final charging state, initial charging state and input energy of the battery are easy to be measured, and the index of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery can be easily calculated by using the above parameters through a simple calculation method.
进一步的方案是，还估算电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量，包括：获取电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量；和/或获取电池第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差；和/或获取电池过往的平均放电深度；和/或获取电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数；使用第一计算参数计算电池的剩余能量存储容量，和/或使用第二计算参数计算电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量，第一计算参数至少包括以下参数的一个：电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标、电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度、电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数，第二计算参数至少包括以下参数的一个：电池的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度、电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数。其中，电池的放电深度为电池的充电状态的补数，即为一减充电状态。A further solution is to also estimate the remaining energy storage capacity and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery, including: obtaining the self-discharge capacity of the battery within a fixed time after completing a charging cycle; and/or obtaining the first and/or obtain the past average depth of discharge of the battery; and/or obtain the number of charge and/or discharge cycles the battery has experienced; use the first The calculation parameters calculate the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, and/or use the second calculation parameters to calculate the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery, the first calculation parameters include at least one of the following parameters: an indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, The amount of self-discharge for a fixed period of time after completing a charge cycle, the difference between the timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery and the current time, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past, the number of charges the battery has experienced and/or the number of discharge cycles, the second calculation parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery or an indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity, the self-discharge capacity of the battery within a fixed time after completing a charging cycle, The difference between the timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery and the current time, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past, the number of charge and/or discharge cycles the battery has experienced. Wherein, the depth of discharge of the battery is the complement of the state of charge of the battery, that is, one minus the state of charge.
可见，通过剩余能量存储容量的指标、自放电量、电池的充放电次数、充放电时间戳和当前时间之间的差、过往的平均放电深度等第一计算参数计算出电池剩余能量存储容量；通过剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、自放电量、电池的充放电次数、充放电时间戳和当前时间之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度等第二计算参数计算出电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量，从而可以有效地估算出电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量，电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量确定电池的经济价值。It can be seen that the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery is calculated through the first calculation parameters such as the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity, the self-discharge capacity, the number of charge and discharge times of the battery, the difference between the charge and discharge time stamp and the current time, and the average depth of discharge in the past; Calculate the battery capacity based on the remaining energy storage capacity or indicators of remaining energy storage capacity, self-discharge capacity, battery charge and discharge times, the difference between the charge and discharge time stamp and the current time, and the average discharge depth of the battery in the past. total energy storage capacity for remaining life, whereby the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity for remaining life can be effectively estimated, the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity for the remaining life of the battery determine the economics of the battery value.
更进一步的方案是，计算电池的剩余能量存储容量为：记录一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的已知的剩余能量存储容量与相对应的电池在相对应时间点的已知的第一计算参数，推算电池的已知的剩余能量存储容量与已知的第一计算参数之间的第一数学关系；使用当前电池的第一计算参数、第一数学关系计算当前电池的剩余能量存储容量；计算电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量为：记录一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的已知的剩余寿命总能量存储容量与相对应的电池在相对应时间点的已知的第二计算参数，推算电池的已知的剩余寿命总能量存储容量与已知的第二计算参数之间的第二数学关系；使用当前电池的第二计算参数、第二数学关系计算当前电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量。A further solution is to calculate the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery as follows: record the known remaining energy storage capacity of one or more batteries at one or more time points and the known remaining energy storage capacity of the corresponding battery at the corresponding time point The first calculation parameter is to estimate the first mathematical relationship between the known remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and the known first calculation parameter; use the first calculation parameter and the first mathematical relationship of the current battery to calculate the remaining energy of the current battery Storage capacity; calculate the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery as: record the known total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of one or more batteries at one or more time points and the known total energy storage capacity of the corresponding battery at the corresponding time point The second calculation parameter of the battery is used to calculate the second mathematical relationship between the known remaining life total energy storage capacity of the battery and the known second calculation parameter; the current battery is calculated using the second calculation parameter and the second mathematical relationship of the current battery total energy storage capacity for the remaining life of the
由此可见，通过对一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的已知的剩余能量存储容量与包括相对应的电池在一个或者多个时间点的第一计算参数之间的关系进行分析，推算第一数学关系；通过对一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的已知的剩余寿命总能量存储容量与包括相对应的电池在一个或者多个时间点的第二计算参数之间的关系进行分析，推算第二数学关系，从而作为估算当前的电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量的基础，进而方便地对当前的电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量进行计算。It can be seen that by analyzing the relationship between the known remaining energy storage capacity of one or more batteries at one or more time points and the first calculation parameters including the corresponding batteries at one or more time points , deduce the first mathematical relationship; by comparing the known remaining life total energy storage capacity of one or more batteries at one or more time points with the second calculation parameters including the corresponding battery at one or more time points Analyze the relationship between them, and calculate the second mathematical relationship, so as to serve as the basis for estimating the current remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life, and then conveniently calculate the current remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or The remaining lifetime total energy storage capacity is calculated.
为实现上述的另一目的，本发明提供的电池剩余容量的估算系统包括充电状态记录模块，在电池充电周期的第一时间点测量和记录电池的初始充电状态，在充电周期的第二时间点测量和记录电池的最终充电状态，第二时间点晚于第一时间点；输入能量测量模块，测量在充电周期中第一时间点与第二时间点之间输入到电池的能量；剩余能量存储容量指标计算模块，使用初始充电状态、最终充电状态和输入到电池的能量计算电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标。In order to achieve the above another purpose, the system for estimating the remaining capacity of the battery provided by the present invention includes a charging state recording module, which measures and records the initial charging state of the battery at the first time point of the battery charging cycle, and at the second time point of the charging cycle Measuring and recording the final state of charge of the battery at a second point in time later than the first point in time; an input energy measurement module that measures the energy input to the battery between the first point in time and the second point in time in the charging cycle; residual energy storage The capacity index calculation module calculates the index of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery using the initial state of charge, the final state of charge and the energy input to the battery.
由上述方案可见，通过初始充电状态、最终充电状态以及输入的能量等多个容易测量的参数可以简单、方便地计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标。It can be seen from the above solution that the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery can be calculated simply and conveniently through multiple easily measured parameters such as the initial state of charge, the final state of charge, and the input energy.
一个优选的方案是，还包括计算参数记录模块，用于测量和/或记录以下计算参数的至少一个：电池的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度、电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数；还包括剩余能量存储容量及剩余寿命总能量存储容量计算模块，使用上述的计算参数计算电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量。A preferred solution is to also include a calculation parameter recording module, which is used to measure and/or record at least one of the following calculation parameters: the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery or an indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity, a battery after completing a charging cycle Amount of self-discharge over a fixed period of time, timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery, difference between the timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery and the current time, average discharge of the battery over the past Depth, the number of charge and/or discharge cycles that the battery has experienced; it also includes the remaining energy storage capacity and the total energy storage capacity calculation module of the remaining life, using the above calculation parameters to calculate the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery lifetime total energy storage capacity.
由此可见，通过一个或者多个计算参数计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量，电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量确定电池的经济价值，可以为电池的交易、更换、充电提供参考依据。It can be seen that the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery are calculated by one or more calculation parameters, and the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery determine the economical performance of the battery. The value can provide a reference for the transaction, replacement and charging of batteries.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是应用本发明电池剩余容量估算方法实施例的电池系统的结构框图。FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a battery system applying an embodiment of the method for estimating the remaining battery capacity of the present invention.
图2是本发明电池剩余容量估算系统实施例的框图。Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the battery remaining capacity estimation system of the present invention.
图3是本发明电池剩余容量估算方法实施例的流程图。Fig. 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method for estimating the remaining battery capacity of the present invention.
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的电池剩余容量估算方法用于对电池的剩余容量进行估算，而电池剩余容量估算系统通过检测装置以及运行在计算机上的程序实现对电池的剩余容量进行估算。本发明的电池可以是单独的一个电池模块，也可以是包含多个电池模块的电池系统。一个典型的电池系统如图1所示，电池系统包括多个可以独立拆卸、安装的电池模块，多个电池模块排列成m行n列，并且装载在一个容器内。例如，电池系统为电动汽车使用的电池系统时，则多个电池模块装载在电动汽车特定的容器内。当然，电池系统也可以是应用在其他领域上的电池系统，如应用在电子设备、仪表仪器、机械装备等多种场合的电池系统。The method for estimating the remaining battery capacity of the present invention is used to estimate the remaining capacity of the battery, and the system for estimating the remaining battery capacity realizes estimating the remaining capacity of the battery through a detection device and a program running on a computer. The battery of the present invention can be a single battery module, or a battery system including multiple battery modules. A typical battery system is shown in Figure 1. The battery system includes multiple battery modules that can be disassembled and installed independently. Multiple battery modules are arranged in m rows and n columns and loaded in a container. For example, when the battery system is used for an electric vehicle, a plurality of battery modules are loaded in a specific container for the electric vehicle. Of course, the battery system may also be a battery system applied in other fields, such as a battery system applied in various occasions such as electronic equipment, instruments, and mechanical equipment.
本发明的方法用于估算电池的剩余容量，包括电池的剩余能量存储容量以及剩余寿命总能量存储容量，其中，电池的剩余能量存储容量是电池在一次充电完成后能够存储的能量上限，或者是电池在一次充电完成后能够存储并能够随后释放的能量上限。The method of the present invention is used to estimate the remaining capacity of the battery, including the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life, wherein the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery is the upper limit of the energy that the battery can store after a charge is completed, or is The upper limit of energy that a battery can store after a single charge and then release.
本实施例中，估算电池的剩余能量存储容量通过以下的方法实现，在电池的充电周期的第一时间点测量电池的初始充电状态，在充电周期随后的第二时间点测量电池的最终充电状态，并且测量在充电周期中，第一时间点与第二时间点之间输入到电池的能量，并且将初始充电状态、最终充电状态和输入到电池的能量来计算电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标。In this embodiment, estimating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery is achieved by measuring the initial state of charge of the battery at the first time point of the charging cycle of the battery, and measuring the final state of charge of the battery at the second time point following the charging cycle , and measure the energy input to the battery between the first time point and the second time point in the charging cycle, and calculate the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery by using the initial state of charge, the final state of charge and the energy input to the battery .
其中，电池的充电状态(state of charge)是电池在某一时刻所存储的能量与该电池的能量存储容量之间的比值，即电池在某一时刻的充电状态可以表示为：电池充电状态＝电池当前所存储的能量/电池的能量存储容量，其中电池的能量存储容量是电池当前的能量存储容量，也就是电池当前能够存储的能量的上限。因此，电池的初始充电状态是电池在第一时间点下的充电状态，而电池的最终充电状态是电池在第二时间点下的充电状态。Wherein, the state of charge of the battery is the ratio between the energy stored by the battery at a certain moment and the energy storage capacity of the battery, that is, the state of charge of the battery at a certain moment can be expressed as: the state of charge of the battery = The energy currently stored in the battery/the energy storage capacity of the battery, wherein the energy storage capacity of the battery is the current energy storage capacity of the battery, that is, the upper limit of the energy that the battery can currently store. Therefore, the initial state of charge of the battery is the state of charge of the battery at the first point in time, and the final state of charge of the battery is the state of charge of the battery at the second point of time.
本实施例中，估算电池剩余能量存储容量的方法是将第一时间点与第二时间点之间输入到电池的能量除以最终充电状态和初始充电状态之间的差，即可以通过式1计算：In this embodiment, the method for estimating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery is to divide the energy input to the battery between the first time point and the second time point by the difference between the final state of charge and the initial state of charge, that is, the formula 1 calculate:
其中，C为电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标，E为在第一时间点与第二时间点之间输入到电池的能量，SF为电池在第二时间点的充电状态，也就是最终充电状态，S0为电池在第一时间点的充电状态，也就是初始充电状态。Among them, C is the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, E is the energy input to the battery between the first time point and the second time point, SF is the charging state of the battery at the second time point, that is, the final charge State, S0 is the charging state of the battery at the first time point, that is, the initial charging state.
因此，如图2所示，电池剩余容量估算系统设置有充电状态记录模块10，用于测量和记录电池在充电周期的第一时间点下的初始充电状态，并且测量和记录电池在充电周期的第二时间点下的最终充电状态。优选地，充电状态记录模块10设置有充电状态测量装置。Therefore, as shown in Figure 2, the battery remaining capacity estimation system is provided with a charging state recording module 10 for measuring and recording the initial charging state of the battery at the first time point of the charging cycle, and measuring and recording the charging state of the battery during the charging cycle. The final state of charge at the second time point. Preferably, the charging state recording module 10 is provided with a charging state measuring device.
电池剩余容量估算系统还设置有输入能量测量模块11，用于测量和记录在充电周期中第一时间点与第二时间点之间输入到电池的能量，输入能量测量模块11以及充电状态记录模块10将数据输出至剩余能量存储容量指标计算模块12，剩余能量存储容量指标计算模块12根据式1计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标。The battery remaining capacity estimation system is also provided with an input energy measurement module 11 for measuring and recording the energy input to the battery between the first time point and the second time point in the charging cycle, the input energy measurement module 11 and the charging state recording module 10 output the data to the remaining energy storage capacity indicator calculation module 12, and the remaining energy storage capacity indicator calculation module 12 calculates the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery according to formula 1.
本发明除了计算电池的剩余能量存储容量，还计算电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量。由于电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量与电池的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度、电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数等因素有关，因此，电池剩余容量估算系统设置有计算参数记录模块13，用于测量和/或记录至少一个计算参数，计算参数包括电池的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度、电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数的至少一个。电池剩余容量估算系统设置有剩余能量存储容量及剩余寿命总能量存储容量计算模块14，用于使用上述的计算参数计算电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量。In addition to calculating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, the present invention also calculates the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery. Due to the remaining life total energy storage capacity of the battery with the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery or an indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity, the amount of self-discharge of the battery within a fixed period of time after the completion of a charge cycle, the first charge of the battery and/or The time stamp of the discharge cycle is related to the difference between the current time, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past, the number of charge and/or discharge cycles the battery has experienced, and so on. Therefore, the battery remaining capacity estimation system is equipped with a calculation parameter recording module 13. It is used to measure and/or record at least one calculation parameter, the calculation parameter includes the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery or an indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity, the self-discharge capacity of the battery within a fixed time after completing a charging cycle, the battery’s The timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle, the difference between the timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery and the current time, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past, the number of charges and/or discharges the battery has experienced or at least one of the number of discharge cycles. The remaining battery capacity estimation system is provided with a remaining energy storage capacity and remaining life total energy storage capacity calculation module 14 for calculating the remaining life total energy storage capacity of the battery using the above calculation parameters.
优选地，设置一个实时时钟来记录时间，从而方便地计算电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差等多个时间参数。Preferably, a real-time clock is set to record the time, so as to conveniently calculate multiple time parameters such as the difference between the time stamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery and the current time.
其中，电池的自放电量是电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内，并且在电池没有外在的放电电路的情况下，电池的充电状态下降百分比，而电池的充电状态下降百分比可以通过式2计算。Among them, the self-discharge capacity of the battery is a fixed time after the battery completes a charging cycle, and in the case of the battery without an external discharge circuit, the percentage of the battery's state of charge decline, and the percentage of the battery's state of charge decline can be passed Formula 2 calculation.
其中，σ0是在固定时间开始时电池的充电状态，σF是固定时间结束时电池的充电状态。whereσ0 is the state of charge of the battery at the beginning of the fixed time andσF is the state of charge of the battery at the end of the fixed time.
为了计算特定的电池剩余寿命总能量存储容量，需要对一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的已知的剩余寿命总能量存储容量与相对应的电池在相对应时间点的计算参数进行统计、分析，例如通过回归法或者神经网络法进行计算分析，从而推算电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量与计算参数之间的数学关系。本实施例中，数学关系推算模块15用于对一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的已知的剩余寿命总能量存储容量与相对应的电池在相对应时间点的已知的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和相对应时间点之间的差、过往的平均放电深度、曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数等的至少一个计算参数进行分析，推算数学关系。In order to calculate the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of a specific battery, it is necessary to compare the known total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of one or more batteries at one or more time points with the calculation parameters of the corresponding battery at the corresponding time point Statistics and analysis, such as calculation and analysis by regression method or neural network method, so as to calculate the mathematical relationship between the remaining life of the battery, the total energy storage capacity and the calculation parameters. In this embodiment, the mathematical relationship calculation module 15 is used to compare the known remaining lifetime total energy storage capacity of one or more batteries at one or more time points with the known remaining energy storage capacity of the corresponding battery at the corresponding time point Energy storage capacity or an indicator of remaining energy storage capacity, self-discharge within a fixed time after completion of a charge cycle, difference between the timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle and the corresponding point in time, past Analyze at least one calculation parameter such as the average depth of discharge, the number of charging and/or discharging cycles that have been experienced, and calculate the mathematical relationship.
首先，收集一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的大量个案的已知的数据，如个案1、2、…、n的数据，每一个个案的一组数据包括：相对应的电池在相对应时间点的剩余寿命总能量存储容量、剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和相对应时间点之间的差、过往的平均放电深度和/或曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数。建基于这些个案的已知的数据，可以应用回归法或者神经网络法推算数学关系。First, collect the known data of a large number of cases of one or more batteries at one or more time points, such as the data of cases 1, 2, ..., n, a set of data for each case includes: the corresponding battery at Total energy storage capacity for remaining life, remaining energy storage capacity or an indicator of remaining energy storage capacity at the corresponding point in time, self-discharge capacity within a fixed time after completion of a charge cycle, the first charge and/or discharge cycle The difference between the time stamp and the corresponding point in time, the past average depth of discharge and/or the number of charge and/or discharge cycles that have been experienced. Based on the known data of these cases, mathematical relationships can be estimated using regression or neural network methods.
应用回归法时，以电池在某个时间点的剩余寿命总能量存储容量作为因变量y，并以电池在该个时间点的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和该个时间点之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度和/或曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数作为各个自变量x1、x2、…、xm，并设定一条回归等式其中，为假定的、已知的、能够以数学表达式表达的函数，是在个案i中由上述回归等式给出的y的估计值，x1,i是在个案i中x1的值，xm,i则是在个案i中xm的值，如此类推，β1,…,βp为在该数学表达式中各个未知的、实数(real number)的回归系数(regressioncoefficient[s])，p为一个自然数，代表实数集(real number set)。When applying the regression method, the battery’s remaining life total energy storage capacity at a certain time point is used as the dependent variable y, and the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery at this time point or the index of the remaining energy storage capacity is used to complete a charging cycle The self-discharge capacity within a fixed period of time, the difference between the time stamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle and this point in time, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past and/or the charge and/or The number of discharge cycles is used as each independent variable x1 , x2 , ..., xm , and a regression equation is set in, is an assumed, known function that can be expressed in a mathematical expression, is the estimated value of y in case i given by the above regression equation, x1,i is the value of x1 in case i, xm,i is the value of xm in case i, and so on, β1 ,...,βp is the regression coefficient (regressioncoefficient[s]) of each unknown, real number (real number) in the mathematical expression, p is a natural number, Represents a real number set.
然后使用优化方法求取β1,…,βp的最优化值b1,…,bp，从而最小化其中，yi是在个案i中y的值，为一个单调递增(monotonically increasing)函数。上述的优化方法可以是传统的微积分方法、遗传算法(genetic algorithm)等。最后将b1,…,bp代入上述的回归等式，成为所需要的数学关系式。Then use the optimization method to find the optimal value b1 ,…,bp of β1 ,…,βp , so as to minimize where yi is the value of y in case i, is a monotonically increasing function. The above-mentioned optimization method may be a traditional calculus method, a genetic algorithm (genetic algorithm) and the like. Finally, b1 ,...,bp are substituted into the above regression equation to become the required mathematical relationship.
应用神经网络(neural network)法计算数学关系时，以电池在某个时间点的剩余寿命总能量存储容量作为神经网络的输出(output)y，并以电池在该个时间点的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标、在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和该个时间点之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度和/或曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数作为神经网络的各个输入(input[s])x1、…、xm，且设定该神经网络为某个结构，并假定该神经网络由以下等式代表：其中，为假定的、未知的、不一定能够以数学表达式表达的函数，是在个案i中由上述等式给出的y的估计值，x1,i是在个案i中x1的值，xm,i是在个案i中xm的值，如此类推，π1、…、πq为在该神经网络中各个未知的、实数的参数(parameter[s])，初始时将π1、…、πq分别设定为q为一个自然数，代表实数集(real number set)。并假定该神经网络中有一个或多个已知的激活函数(activationfunction[s])。When applying the neural network method to calculate the mathematical relationship, the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery at a certain point in time is used as the output y of the neural network, and the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery at that point in time Or an indicator of remaining energy storage capacity, the amount of self-discharge over a fixed period of time after completing a charge cycle, the difference between the timestamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle and that point in time, the battery's past average The depth of discharge and/or the number of charging and/or discharging cycles that have been experienced are used as the input (input[s]) x1 , ..., xm of the neural network, and the neural network is set to a certain structure, and it is assumed that This neural network is represented by the following equation: in, is a hypothetical, unknown function that cannot necessarily be expressed in a mathematical expression, is the estimated value of y in case i given by the above equation, x1,i is the value of x1 in case i, xm,i is the value of x m in case i, and so on, π1 , ..., πq are unknown, real-numbered parameters (parameter[s]) in the neural network. Initially, π1 , ..., πq are respectively set as q is a natural number, Represents a real number set. And assume that there are one or more known activation functions (activationfunction[s]) in the neural network.
然后进行监督学习(supervised learning)，即将输入该神经网络，以求取更新使分别成为将输入该神经网络，以求取更新使分别成为如此类推，反复计算，将输入该神经网络，以求取更新使分别成为其中，{i1,…,in}＝{1,…,n}。以上更新的目的是为了最小化其中，yi是在个案i中y的值，为一个单调递增的函数。Then supervised learning (supervised learning), will be Input the neural network to obtain renew make respectively Will Input the neural network to obtain renew make respectively By analogy and repeated calculations, the Input the neural network to obtain renew make respectively Wherein, {i1 ,...,in }={1,...,n}. update above The purpose is to minimize where yi is the value of y in case i, is a monotonically increasing function.
最后，虽然理论上不能亦不需要获得但是将代入上述神经网络的参数π1、…πq，所获得的神经网络即为所需要推算的数学关系，换句话说，当输入任何x1、…、xm的值到该神经网络，该神经网络所输出的y的值就是与x1、…、xm的值之间存在上述数学关系。Finally, although it is theoretically impossible and unnecessary to obtain but will Substituting the parameters π1 , ... πq of the above neural network, the obtained neural network is the mathematical relationship that needs to be calculated. In other words, when any value of x1 , ..., xm is input to the neural network, the neural network The above-mentioned mathematical relationship exists between the value of y output by the network and the values of x1 , . . . , xm .
获得上述的数学关系后，将计算参数记录模块13所测量和/或记录的计算参数代入或者输入上述数学关系，剩余能量存储容量及剩余寿命总能量存储容量计算模块14计算出电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量，例如：剩余能量存储容量及剩余寿命总能量存储容量计算模块14将上述参数代入上述回归等式的自变量x1、x2、…、xm中，该回归等式的因变量y给出电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量，或者剩余能量存储容量及剩余寿命总能量存储容量计算模块14将上述参数输入上述神经网络的x1、…、xm，该神经网络所输出的y给出电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量。After the above-mentioned mathematical relationship is obtained, the calculation parameter measured and/or recorded by the calculation parameter recording module 13 is substituted into or input into the above-mentioned mathematical relationship, and the remaining energy storage capacity and the total energy storage capacity calculation module 14 of the remaining life calculates the total remaining life of the battery. Energy storage capacity, for example: residual energy storage capacity and remaining lifetime total energy storage capacity calculation module 14 substitutes the above parameters into the independent variables x1 , x2 , ..., xm of the above regression equation, and the dependent variable of the regression equation y gives the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery, or the remaining energy storage capacity and the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life. The calculation module 14 inputs the above parameters into the x1 , ..., xm of the above neural network, and the output of the neural network is y gives the total energy storage capacity for the remaining life of the battery.
当然，计算电池的剩余能量存储容量时，也可以先使用已知电池的剩余能量存储容量与计算参数之间的关系推算出一个数学关系，再应用这个数学关系和当前电池的计算参数计算出当前电池的剩余能量存储容量。例如，收集一个或者多个电池在一个或者多个时间点的大量个案的已知的数据，如个案1、2、…、n的数据，每一个个案的一组数据包括：相对应的电池在相对应时间点的剩余能量存储容量以及相对应的电池在相对应时间点的计算参数，计算参数可以包括剩余能量存储容量的指标、在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和相对应时间点之间的差、过往的平均放电深度和/或曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数等。然后，建基于这些个案的已知的数据，可以应用回归法或者神经网络法推算一个用于计算电池剩余能量存储容量的数学关系。应用回归法或者神经网络法推算数学关系的过程与推算用于计算电池剩余寿命总能量存储容量的数学关系的过程相同，不再赘述。Of course, when calculating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, it is also possible to use the known relationship between the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and the calculation parameters to calculate a mathematical relationship, and then use this mathematical relationship and the calculation parameters of the current battery to calculate the current The remaining energy storage capacity of the battery. For example, collect the known data of a large number of cases of one or more batteries at one or more time points, such as the data of cases 1, 2, ..., n, a set of data for each case includes: the corresponding battery at The remaining energy storage capacity at the corresponding time point and the calculation parameters of the corresponding battery at the corresponding time point. The calculation parameters may include indicators of the remaining energy storage capacity, self-discharge capacity within a fixed time after completing a charging cycle, The difference between the time stamp of the first charging and/or discharging cycle and the corresponding time point, the average depth of discharge in the past and/or the number of charging and/or discharging cycles ever experienced, etc. Then, based on the known data of these cases, a mathematical relationship for calculating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery can be derived using regression or neural network methods. The process of calculating the mathematical relationship by using the regression method or the neural network method is the same as the process of calculating the mathematical relationship used to calculate the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery, and will not be described again.
推算出用于计算电池剩余能量存储容量的数学关系后，通过计算参数记录模块13获取当前电池的上述计算参数，然后剩余能量存储容量及剩余寿命总能量存储容量计算模块14使用这些计算参数以及数学关系计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量。After the mathematical relationship for calculating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery is deduced, the above-mentioned calculation parameters of the current battery are obtained through the calculation parameter recording module 13, and then the remaining energy storage capacity and the total energy storage capacity calculation module 14 of the remaining life uses these calculation parameters and the mathematical relationship. The relationship calculates the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery.
参见图3，对电池的剩余容量进行估算时，首先测量和记录电池在充电周期的第一时间点下的初始充电状态以及在充电周期的第二时间点下的最终充电状态，即执行步骤S1。Referring to Figure 3, when estimating the remaining capacity of the battery, first measure and record the initial charging state of the battery at the first time point of the charging cycle and the final charging state at the second time point of the charging cycle, that is, perform step S1 .
并且，执行步骤S2，通过测量装置测量和记录在充电周期中第一时间点与第二时间点之间输入到电池的能量，接着执行步骤S3，计算电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标，例如，通过计算机按照式1计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标。And, execute step S2, measure and record the energy input to the battery between the first time point and the second time point in the charging cycle through the measuring device, then execute step S3, calculate the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, for example, The indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery is calculated according to Formula 1 by a computer.
在计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量的指标后，还计算电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量，此时执行步骤S4，获取至少一个计算参数，该些计算参数除了可选地包括已经计算出的电池的剩余能量存储容量或者剩余能量存储容量的指标，还可选地包括电池在完成一个充电周期后的一个固定时间内的自放电量、电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳和当前时间之间的差、电池过往的平均放电深度、电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数等。自放电量可以采用测量装置进行测量并计算获得，自放电量的计算方法与前述描述的方法相同，不再赘述。而电池的第一次充电和/或放电周期的时间戳、电池过往的平均放电深度、电池曾经经历过的充电和/或放电周期的次数可以通过本发明的电池剩余容量估算系统恒常地自动记录，也可以手动记录并在计算电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量时输入到本发明的电池剩余容量估算系统中。After calculating the indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery, the remaining energy storage capacity and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery are also calculated. At this time, step S4 is performed to obtain at least one calculation parameter. These calculation parameters are optional Optionally includes the calculated remaining energy storage capacity of the battery or an indicator of the remaining energy storage capacity, and optionally includes the self-discharge of the battery within a fixed time after completing a charging cycle, the first charging of the battery and/or Or the difference between the timestamp of the discharge cycle and the current time, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past, the number of charge and/or discharge cycles the battery has experienced, etc. The self-discharge amount can be measured and calculated by a measuring device, and the calculation method of the self-discharge amount is the same as that described above, and will not be repeated here. And the time stamp of the first charge and/or discharge cycle of the battery, the average depth of discharge of the battery in the past, the number of charge and/or discharge cycles that the battery has experienced can be constantly and automatically recorded by the battery remaining capacity estimation system of the present invention , can also be manually recorded and input into the battery remaining capacity estimation system of the present invention when calculating the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life.
最后，执行步骤S5，应用数学关系计算电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量。优选地，电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量与计算参数的数学关系预先推算并且存储在本发明的电池剩余容量估算系统内，计算电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量时，只需要将计算参数代入或者输入到该数学关系，计算机可以自动从多个测量装置获取相应的计算参数，从而实现剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量的估算。Finally, step S5 is executed to calculate the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery by applying a mathematical relationship. Preferably, the mathematical relationship between the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life and the calculation parameters is calculated in advance and stored in the battery remaining capacity estimation system of the present invention, and the remaining energy storage capacity and/or remaining life of the battery is calculated. When calculating the lifetime total energy storage capacity, you only need to substitute or input the calculation parameters into the mathematical relationship, and the computer can automatically obtain the corresponding calculation parameters from multiple measurement devices, so as to realize the calculation of the remaining energy storage capacity and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life. estimate.
通过上述方法可以计算出电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量，为电池的经济价值评估提供依据。另外，需要更换电池或者给电池充电的场合，也可以根据电池的剩余寿命总能量存储容量、电池的剩余能量存储容量等数据作为判断依据。The remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life can be calculated by the above method, which provides a basis for evaluating the economic value of the battery. In addition, when it is necessary to replace the battery or charge the battery, the data such as the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life of the battery and the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery can also be used as a judgment basis.
当然，上述的方案只是本发明优选的实施方案，实际应用时还可以有更多的变化，例如，计算数学关系时还可以应用其他的方法计算，或者，计算数学关系时，不一定使用上述介绍的所有计算参数，只使用其中一个或多个计算参数，或者，不一定直接使用上述介绍的计算参数，而是使用与它门有类似意义的代理(proxy)计算参数；又或者，使用更多的其他计算参数来计算电池的剩余能量存储容量和/或剩余寿命总能量存储容量等，这些改变并不影响本发明的实施，包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围内。Of course, the above-mentioned scheme is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and there can be more changes in actual application. For example, other methods can be used to calculate the mathematical relationship, or, when calculating the mathematical relationship, the above introduction is not necessarily used. For all calculation parameters, only use one or more of them, or, not necessarily directly use the above-mentioned calculation parameters, but use proxy calculation parameters with similar meanings to them; or, use more Other calculation parameters of the battery are used to calculate the remaining energy storage capacity of the battery and/or the total energy storage capacity of the remaining life, etc. These changes do not affect the implementation of the present invention and are included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610378254.6ACN106154170B (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | The evaluation method and system of battery remaining power |
| PCT/CN2016/098099WO2017206387A1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-09-05 | Method and system for estimating remaining capacity of battery |
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| CN201610378254.6ACN106154170B (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | The evaluation method and system of battery remaining power |
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