Shallow water floating platform mooring gear and methodTechnical field
The present invention relates to ocean engineering mooring technical field, be particularly used for the mooring gear of shallow sea water floating platformAnd method.
Background technology
Along with ocean islands and reefs are continually developed construction by China, need to use the floating platform not destroying the marine eco-environmentAs harbour, carry out freighter alongside and goods and materials handling transhipment.Along with global warming in recent years, typhoon takes place frequently, and grade byCumulative height.Largely test the stationkeeping ability of floating ocean platform anchoring system, how ensure that floating platform is normalProduce or improve storm from the ability of depositing be its under arms during significant problem.Current Mooring Arrangements mainly has rotary type towerSingle point mooring's mode, catenary suspension type continuous vulcanization multipoint mooring mode, tension type multipoint mooring mode, wherein, rotary type tower single point mooring is severeConventional Mooring Arrangements under environmental condition, its form includes inner cupola formula single point mooring that capstan head and float structure combine together and turnsTower is positioned at the outer rotary type tower single point mooring outside buoyancy aid bow.Although this Mooring Arrangements capacity of anti-storm is strong, but in the side of stormy wavesIn time changing, buoyancy aid meeting concomitant rotation, is unfavorable for other boats and ships and the horizontal alongside of buoyancy aid and carries out operation, and structure is complicated, makesValency is higher；Catenary suspension type continuous vulcanization and tension type multipoint mooring mode are typically at the angle point of floating platform or arrange multiple moorings along girthPoint, the mooring line on each mooring point is radially to extending around, then by anchor, mooring line is anchored at seabed.ThisAlthough two kinds of multipoint mooring mode stationkeeping abilities are relatively strong, buoyancy aid is not susceptible to rotate, but has following defects that first, works as freighterWhen transversely resting in floating platform side, easy and buoyancy aid mooring line collides and causes the damage of anchoring system or shipBad, the most unfavorable to the horizontal alongside of boats and ships and operation and the navigation of periphery ship and operation；Second, every mooring line is directBeing fixed on seabed by the anchor of anchoring pile or other form, required anchor point is more, and whole anchoring system construction and installation needMore expense and time；3rd, it is easily subject to the effect of horizontal stormy waves in the marine site that high sea situation and stormy waves direction are changeable, makes to floatFormula platform and anchoring system bear the wind-force more much bigger than single point mooring mode and wave force and the floating platform thus causedMoving, anchoring system and floating platform itself are easily subject to damage, and safety is poor.
Summary of the invention
The applicant improves for disadvantages mentioned above of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of shallow water floating platform mooring gearAnd method, it disclosure satisfy that the location requirement of shallow water floating platform, it is simple to boats and ships laterally stop operation, and have higher anti-Stormy waves ability.
Technical scheme is as follows:
Shallow water floating platform mooring gear of the present invention, including mooring line, ascites, anchor chain, at bow, the stern of floating platformTransverse ends be equipped with winch, be respectively equipped with an ascites, floating platform in the bow of floating platform, the longitudinally outboard of sternThe external part of the mooring line being wound around on two winches of bow transverse ends is all connected with the ascites outside floating platform bow, floatingOn two winches of formula platform stern transverse ends be wound around mooring line external part all with floating platform stern outside ascitesConnect；Two ascites are fixed on the anchorage of seabed by an anchor chain respectively.
Its further technical scheme is:
Described ascites is between the horizontal line of connected two mooring lines external part from winch.
Described mooring line is composite rope, including the nylon cable section spliced along mooring line length direction and high-molecular polythene cableSection, described nylon cable section one end is connected with ascites, and the described nylon cable section other end is connected with described high-molecular polythene cable section, instituteState the high-molecular polythene cable section other end to be wrapped on winch.
Described anchor chain is that catenary suspension type continuous vulcanization is arranged.
The top of described ascites is provided with mooring staple, and mooring line is connected with described mooring staple.
Described ascites is steel circular cylindrical float structure, is divided into the volume of compartment of at least two independence inside ascites.
Described anchor chain is rotatably connected on the anchorage of seabed.
Shallow water floating platform anchoring method of the present invention, arranges floating platform along water front parallel direction, when sea situation is fullDuring foot operating condition, it is tensioned to design pretension, now floating platform by mooring line by the winch of floating platform bow, sternIt is in job state, treats that dock vessels carries out horizontal alongside；When environmental condition deteriorates and exceedes design critical sea, by floatingMooring staple on the ascites of the mooring line of platform bow and bow side disengages, or by the mooring line of floating platform stern and sternThe mooring staple of the ascites of side, portion disengages, and makes the mooring of floating platform become the single point mooring with vane effect；Work as sea situationWhen recovering to operating condition, the mooring staple of the mooring line mutually disengaged with ascites is reconnected, the bow of floating platform, sternWinch mooring line is tensioned to design pretension, now floating platform recover to job state, treat that dock vessels is carried out laterallyAlongside；According to sea situation situation, make floating platform work pattern and single ascites mooring of double ascites moorings wind and wave resistance pattern itBetween switch over.
The technique effect of the present invention:
1, the interference between mooring line and alongside ship is greatly reduced: the present invention changes traditional single point mooring or to extend out formula manyPoint Mooring Arrangements, all uses an ascites and corresponding anchor chain, anchorage two moorings of formation in floating platform bow, stern sidePoint, each mooring point passes through two mooring lines winch respectively with floating platform bow, stern transverse ends and is connected, with same waterTwo mooring lines that drum connects form interior splayed structure at self-floating platform to the ascites direction being connected, it is simple to boats and ships are especiallyBe the ship berthing suitable with floating platform yardstick in the side of floating platform, and decrease to large extent to periphery boats and ships navigateRow and the impact of operation, can meet the particular/special requirement that islands and reefs are built；
2, wind and wave resistance and the double mode switching of operation: utilize totally four winches, four root system pools that floating platform bow, stern are arrangedCable, two anchor chains, the mooring gears of two anchor point compositions, can meet under floating platform and shallow-water environment and Very Shallow Water environmentLocation requirement；The structure disengagable by the setting of winch and mooring line and ascites, winch is arranged, and floating platform can basisSea situation switches between the work pattern and the wind and wave resistance pattern of single ascites mooring of double ascites moorings, meets the normal of floating platformThe survivability requirement of high-level stormy waves is resisted in job requirements and original place；
3, anchor point quantity is few: traditional anchoring system every anchor chain is required for the anchor of an anchoring pile or other form willSeabed is fixed in anchor chain one end, and two mooring lines are first coupled to be positioned at the ascites of the water surface by mooring gear of the present invention, thenBy an anchor chain by ascites mooring in seabed, on the premise of ensureing anchoring system stationkeeping ability and safety, make submarine anchoringPoint quantity decreases half, and expense and the time of mooring gear construction and installation can be greatly lowered.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view that the present invention is under working condition.
Fig. 3 is the top view that the present invention is under wind and wave resistance operating mode.
Wherein: 1, mooring line；2, ascites；3, anchor chain；4, winch；5, floating platform；6, the vertical anchorage in seabed；7, wait to stopBoats and ships.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described.
See that Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shallow water floating platform mooring gear of the present invention include mooring line 1, ascites 2, anchor chain 3, floatingThe bow of formula platform 5, the transverse ends of stern are equipped with winch 4, in bow, the longitudinally outboard difference of stern of floating platform 5Being provided with an ascites 2, the external part of the mooring line 1 that two winches 4 of floating platform 5 bow transverse ends are wound around is all and floatingAscites 2 outside platform 5 bow connects, stretching of the mooring line 1 that two winches 4 of floating platform 5 stern transverse ends are wound aroundGo out end to be all connected with the ascites 2 outside floating platform 5 stern；Two ascites 2 are fixed on seabed anchorage by an anchor chain 3 respectivelyOn 6；Two mooring lines 1 being connected with same ascites 2 towards same ascites 2 bunching, and two mooring lines 1 from floating platform 5 toAscites 2 direction forms interior Figure of eight structure, controls the mooring line 1 extension elongation from winch 4 by winch 4 further, makes ascites 2Between the horizontal line of connected two mooring lines 1 external part from winch 4, it is ensured that mooring line 1 is in laterally sideUpwards it is respectively positioned in the lateral dimension of floating platform 2." laterally " of the present invention refers to the width dimensions direction of floating platform 5," longitudinally " refers to the length dimension direction of floating platform 5.
Further, described mooring line 1 is composite rope, including the nylon cable section spliced along mooring line 1 length direction and heightMolecular polyethylene cable section, described nylon cable section one end is connected with ascites 2, the described nylon cable section other end and described polyphosphazene polymer secondAlkene cable section connects, and the described high-molecular polythene cable section other end is wrapped on winch 4.Nylon cable section elasticity is relatively big, is conducive to subtractingLittle maximum tension, on the other hand, under equal rupture strength, high-molecular polythene cable section diameter compared with nylon cable section diameter relativelyLittle, beneficially winch 4 yardstick and the Miniaturization Design of chock that arranges mutually, therefore this special setting of mooring line 1 can be simultaneouslyEnsure its mechanical property and application convenience and the balance of economic benefit.Additionally, mooring line 1 overcoat buoyant material so that mooringCable 1, after freeing with ascites 2, still can float on sea, and is easy to and ascites 2 tieback.
Seeing Fig. 1, described anchor chain 3 is arranged for catenary suspension type continuous vulcanization, and anchor chain 3 is made up of the steel chain of two sections of different-diameters, the anchor that diameter is bigSegment is connected with seabed anchorage 6, and under operation and existence sea situation, anchor chain 3 is always ensured that the end section of lying of certain length so that seabedAnchorage the most directly bears the vertical pulling force of anchor chain.
For ease of mooring line 1 and the connection of ascites 2, disengagement and tieback, the top of ascites 2 is provided with mooring staple and (does not shows in figureGo out), mooring line 1 is connected with described mooring staple.
Described ascites 2 is steel circular cylindrical float structure, the degree of depth being lowered in water in anchor chain power effect along with ascites 2Be continuously increased, it is provided that buoyancy constantly increase, play and stop anchor chain 3 to be tightened up thus the effect that steeply rises of tension force.In ascites 2Part is the volume of compartment of at least two independence and fills buoyant material inside ascites 2, after local damage occurs in ascites stillBeing provided that buoyancy, ascites periphery is also added with buffer simultaneously, it is to avoid collide with neighbouring object and ascites is caused damageEvil.
Anchor chain 3 is rotatably connected on seabed anchorage 6 by having each connection member to rotational freedom, specificallyGround, seabed anchorage 7 is provided with suspension ring, and anchor chain 3 one end is by latch closure and described suspension ring slip snapping, so that anchor chain is around seabedAnchor point is rotatable.
Shallow water floating platform anchoring method of the present invention, is shown in Fig. 2, is arranged along water front parallel direction by floating platform 5, whenWhen sea situation meets operating condition, it is tensioned to design pretension by mooring line 1 by the winch 4 of floating platform 5 bow, stern, thisTime floating platform 5 be in the job state of double ascites mooring, treat that dock vessels 7 carries out horizontal alongside, i.e. treat dock vessels 7 alongsideHorizontal side at floating platform 5；When environmental condition deteriorates and exceedes design critical sea, by floating platform 5 bow it isPool cable 1 disengages with the mooring staple on the ascites 2 of bow side, or by the mooring line 1 of floating platform 5 stern and stern sideThe mooring staple of ascites 2 disengages, and concrete which end that disengages is depending on platform superstructure layout, and principle is wind-force work on platformThe Mooring Arrangements of floating platform 5 should be made to become away from the mooring line not disengaged at the junction point of Platform Deck there is wind direction with pointThe single point mooring of single ascites mooring of mark effect, sees Fig. 3, and under wind wave action, floating platform 2 rotates around seabed anchor solid point,Ensure the living safety that floating platform 5 original place is Anti-Typhoon, Fig. 3 is stormy waves direction described in the direction of arrow；When sea situation is recovered to makingDuring industry condition, the mooring staple of the mooring line 1 disengaged with ascites 2 is reconnected, by the bow of floating platform 5, the strand of sternMooring line 1 is tensioned to design pretension by car 4, and now floating platform 5 recovers to job state, treats that dock vessels 7 is carried out laterallyAlongside.According to sea situation situation, floating platform 5 can the wind and wave resistance pattern of the work pattern of double ascites moorings and single ascites mooring itBetween switch over.
Two ascites of floating platform 5 bow stern are arranged along water front parallel direction, it is contemplated that basic to water front of wave at offshoreVertical relation, under normal operation condition, floating platform 5 is in athwart sea, utilize floating platform 5 bow, four winches of stern,Four mooring lines, two anchor chains, two anchor points, can realize the mooring location of floating platform, when floating platform 5 is subjected to displacementTime, drive ascites displacement, make seabed anchor chain progressively be tightened up, thus provide restoring force to limit the further displacement of floating platform.Be tensioned to mooring line to design pretension by four winches, make mooring gear of the present invention reach enough level to rigidity fromAnd realize the positioning requirements of floating platform and alongside boats and ships；Under single point mooring's state, there is the single point mooring side of vane effectFormula floating platform bow or stern (the most longitudinal) are pointed to environmental forces makes a concerted effort come to.Due to floating platform bow or sternArea is much smaller than the area of floating platform length direction side, and this Mooring Arrangements can be substantially reduced environment suffered by floating platformPower, thus improve the capacity of anti-storm of floating platform, meet the survivability requirement that floating platform original place is Anti-Typhoon.
Above description is explanation of the invention, is not the restriction to invention, and limited range of the present invention sees rightRequirement, within protection scope of the present invention, can make any type of amendment.