技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统。The invention relates to a reflection wave velocity observation system based on a photoelectric sensor and an acceleration sensor.
背景技术Background technique
为了得到能够系统地追踪目的层的地震记录，在野外观测时必须适当地选择观测系统、激发点组合方式以及记录仪器参数等。而观测系统的选择是其中重要的组成部分，目前的观测系统主要有:端点放炮和中间放炮两种形式，端点放炮方式主要是在多个排成一条直线的地震检波器的端点设置一个放炮点，而中间放炮的方式主要是在多个排成一条直线的中间设置一个放炮点。这两种获得共反射点道集的方法都是在测线上通过有规律地同时移动激发点与接收排列来达到对地下界面反射点重复采集的目的，这种观测系统也称为多次覆盖观测系统。地震检波器是用于地质勘探和工程测量的专用传感器，是一种将地面振动转变为电信号的传感器，能把地震波引起的地面震动转换成电信号，经过模/数转换器转换成二进制数据、进行数据组织、存储、运算处理。其具有信号调理、温度补偿、自测，以及可配置到检测0g或脉冲检测快速运动等功能。现有技术中，地震波观测系统中的每一个地震检波器主要是基于加速度传感器或者光电传感器为基础的，基于加速度传感器的地震检波器可检测交流信号以及物体的震动，具有功耗低、便于携带、精度高、速度快的特点。其缺点是测量精度越高，但检测范围较小，且测量精度越高越容易损坏。一般来说，越灵敏越好。越灵敏的传感器对一定范围内的加速度变化更敏感，输出电压的变化也越大，这样就比较容易测量，从而获得更精确的测量值。灵敏度自然是越高越好，但是实际上灵敏度越高测量范围就窄：相反，灵敏度低点就能获得比较宽的测量范围。In order to obtain seismic records that can systematically track the target layer, the observation system, combination of excitation points and recording instrument parameters must be properly selected during field observation. And the selection of observation system is wherein important component part, and present observation system mainly contains: two forms of shooting at the end point and shooting in the middle, and the way of shooting at the end point is mainly to set a shooting point at the endpoint of a plurality of geophones arranged in a straight line , and the mode of blasting in the middle is mainly to set a blasting point in the middle of a plurality of rows in a straight line. These two methods of obtaining common reflection point gathers achieve the purpose of repeated collection of reflection points on the subsurface interface by moving the excitation point and the receiving arrangement at the same time regularly on the survey line. This observation system is also called multiple coverage. observation system. The geophone is a special sensor used for geological exploration and engineering survey. It is a sensor that converts the ground vibration into an electrical signal. It can convert the ground vibration caused by the seismic wave into an electrical signal, and convert it into binary data through an analog/digital converter. , data organization, storage, calculation and processing. It features signal conditioning, temperature compensation, self-test, and can be configured to detect 0g or pulse to detect fast motion. In the prior art, each geophone in the seismic wave observation system is mainly based on an acceleration sensor or a photoelectric sensor. The geophone based on the acceleration sensor can detect AC signals and vibrations of objects, and has low power consumption and is easy to carry. , High precision and fast speed. The disadvantage is that the higher the measurement accuracy, but the smaller the detection range, and the higher the measurement accuracy, the easier it is to damage. In general, the more sensitive the better. The more sensitive sensor is more sensitive to acceleration changes within a certain range, the greater the change in output voltage, which is easier to measure and thus obtain more accurate measurement values. Naturally, the higher the sensitivity, the better, but in fact, the higher the sensitivity, the narrower the measurement range: on the contrary, the lower the sensitivity, the wider the measurement range can be obtained.
基于光电传感器的地震检波器是将被测量的变化转换成光信号的变化，然后借助光电元件进一步将光信号转换成电信号来实现控制的。基于光电传感器的地震检波器具有精度高、反应快、非接触等优点，而且可测参数多，传感器的结构简单，形式灵活多样，检测范围广，缺点是相较于加速度传感器的地震检波器，它的精度稍低，不在密封环境下用就很容易被污染失效。因此，用户主要根据用途来选择地震检波器的类型，但是这种单类型的地震检波器的通用性较低，不能同时满足精度要求高、检测范围广的要求。Geophones based on photoelectric sensors convert the measured changes into changes in optical signals, and then use photoelectric elements to further convert optical signals into electrical signals to achieve control. Geophones based on photoelectric sensors have the advantages of high precision, fast response, non-contact, etc., and have many measurable parameters. The sensor has a simple structure, flexible and diverse forms, and a wide detection range. Its accuracy is slightly lower, and it is easily polluted and invalidated if it is not used in a sealed environment. Therefore, users mainly choose the type of geophone according to the application, but this single type of geophone has low versatility and cannot meet the requirements of high precision and wide detection range at the same time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统，能够更精确的获取到反射波的传播速度。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a reflection wave velocity observation system based on a photoelectric sensor and an acceleration sensor, which can obtain the propagation velocity of the reflection wave more accurately.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采取的技术方案是：提供一种基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统，包括若干被布置于被观测地位置处的排成一直线的等间距的地震检波器以及布置于地面上的地震波激发器，所述地震检波器与所述上位机通讯连接，每一个地震检波器包括光电传感器以及加速度传感器，所述光电传感器以及加速度传感器同时采集所述地震波激发器被激发后所产生的地震波的震动信号，并将所述地震波的震动信号转换为对应的电信号后发送至上位机，所述上位机接收到两组电信号后，从两组电信号中分别获取对应的反射波信息，根据所述反射波信息得到对应的速度信息，并采用小波变化和卡尔曼滤波算法对组个速度信息进行融合处理，从而得到一组速度信息。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a reflected wave velocity observation system based on photoelectric sensors and acceleration sensors, including a number of earthquake A geophone and a seismic wave exciter arranged on the ground, the geophone is connected to the host computer in communication, each geophone includes a photoelectric sensor and an acceleration sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the acceleration sensor simultaneously collect the seismic wave excitation The vibration signal of the seismic wave generated after the device is excited, and converts the vibration signal of the seismic wave into a corresponding electrical signal and sends it to the host computer. After the host computer receives the two sets of electrical signals, The corresponding reflected wave information is obtained respectively, and the corresponding velocity information is obtained according to the reflected wave information, and the wavelet transformation and the Kalman filter algorithm are used to fuse the sets of velocity information, thereby obtaining a set of velocity information.
进一步的，在每一个检测器内均设有一个多传感器接口适配器，所述加速度传感器和光电传感器的输出端与所述多传感器接口适配器的输入端连接，所述多传感器接口适配器的输出端通过数据总线与所述上位机连接。Further, a multi-sensor interface adapter is provided in each detector, the output ends of the acceleration sensor and the photoelectric sensor are connected to the input ends of the multi-sensor interface adapter, and the output ends of the multi-sensor interface adapter pass through The data bus is connected with the upper computer.
进一步的，所述地震检波器被等间距地布置于被观测地位置处的排成一直线以形成所述地震检波器组件，所述地震波激发器为两个，两个地震波激发器分别靠近地震检波器组件的两个端头位置；Further, the geophones are arranged at equal intervals and arranged in a straight line at the position of the observed site to form the geophone assembly. There are two seismic wave exciters, and the two seismic wave exciters are respectively close to the earthquake. The positions of the two ends of the geophone assembly;
当进行观测时，使两个地震波激发器同时发出地震波，每一个地震检波器均接收两个地震波激发器发出的地震波，其中，每一个地震检波器中的光电传感器检测两个地震波激发器被激发后分别产生的第一震动信号，并分别将两个第一震动信号转换为对应的第一电信号后上传至上位机，每一个地震检波器中的加速度传感器检测两个地震波激发器被激发后分别产生的第二震动信号，并分别将两个第二震动信号转换为对应的第二电信号后上传至上位机；When observing, make two seismic wave exciters emit seismic waves at the same time, and each geophone receives the seismic waves sent by the two seismic wave exciters, wherein the photoelectric sensor in each geophone detects that the two seismic wave exciters are excited After that, the first vibration signals are generated respectively, and the two first vibration signals are respectively converted into corresponding first electrical signals and then uploaded to the host computer. The acceleration sensor in each geophone detects that the two seismic wave exciters are excited. Generate second vibration signals respectively, and convert the two second vibration signals into corresponding second electrical signals and upload them to the host computer;
所述上位机接收到每一地震检波器发送的两个第一电信号及两个第二电信号，分别从两个第一电信号中获取第一反射波信息，计算两个第一反射波先后到达对应地震检波器的时间以得到时间差，然后确定该对应地震检波器与每一个地震波激发器的距离，从而得到距离差，根据距离差与时间差计算得到反射波的第一传播速度；所述上位机还分别从两个第二电信号中获取第二反射波信息，计算两个第二反射波先后到达对应地震检波器的时间以得到时间差，然后确定该对应地震检波器与每一个地震波激发器的距离，从而得到距离差，根据距离差与时间差计算得到地震波的第二传播速度；The host computer receives two first electrical signals and two second electrical signals sent by each geophone, obtains the first reflected wave information from the two first electrical signals respectively, and calculates the two first reflected wave information Arriving at the time of the corresponding geophone successively to obtain the time difference, then determining the distance between the corresponding geophone and each seismic wave exciter, thereby obtaining the distance difference, and calculating the first propagation velocity of the reflected wave according to the distance difference and the time difference; The host computer also obtains the second reflected wave information from the two second electrical signals respectively, calculates the time when the two second reflected waves arrive at the corresponding geophone successively to obtain the time difference, and then determines the corresponding geophone and each seismic wave excitation The distance of the sensor is obtained to obtain the distance difference, and the second propagation velocity of the seismic wave is calculated according to the distance difference and the time difference;
所述上位机还通过小波变化和卡尔曼滤波算法对第一传播速度和第二传播速度进行融合处理，从而得到一组速度信息。The host computer also performs fusion processing on the first propagation velocity and the second propagation velocity through wavelet transformation and Kalman filter algorithm, so as to obtain a set of velocity information.
进一步的，所述第一传播速度和第二传播速度均通过以下公式得到：Further, the first propagation velocity and the second propagation velocity are both obtained by the following formula:
其中，v为对应反射波的传播速度，S1为位于其中一端的地震波激发器被激发后产生的反射波在层间传播路程的一半，S2为位于另一端的地震波激发器被激发后产生的反射波在层间传播路程的一半，t为两个反射波到达同一个地震检波器的时间差。 Among them, v is the propagation velocity of the corresponding reflected wave, S1 is half of the interlayer propagation distance of the reflected wave generated after the seismic wave exciter at one end is excited, and S2 is the reflection generated after the seismic wave exciter at the other end is excited half of the wave travel distance between layers, and t is the time difference between two reflected waves arriving at the same geophone.
本发明基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统，与现有技术的观测系统相比，检波器采用两个传感器分别采集两组震动信号，再转换得到两个对应的速度信息后进行整合以得到一个传播速度，从而使得检波器检测的精确度高、检测范围更广，地震检波器的适用范围更广。The reflected wave velocity observation system based on the photoelectric sensor and the acceleration sensor of the present invention, compared with the observation system of the prior art, the wave detector uses two sensors to collect two sets of vibration signals respectively, and then converts and obtains two corresponding velocity information for integration In order to obtain a propagation velocity, the detection accuracy of the geophone is high, the detection range is wider, and the application range of the geophone is wider.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1是本发明地震波观测系统第一实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the seismic wave observation system of the present invention.
图2是本发明地震波观测系统第二实施例的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the seismic wave observation system of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
请参见图1，图1是本发明基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统第一实施例的结构示意图。本实施例的基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统，包括若干被布置于被观测地位置处(即被观测地位置的地下的表层)的排成一直线的等间距的地震检波器以及布置于地面上的地震波激发器，所述地震检波器与所述上位机通讯连接，每一个地震检波器包括光电传感器以及加速度传感器，所述光电传感器以及加速度传感器同时采集所述地震波激发器被激发后所产生的地震波的震动信号，并将所述地震波的震动信号转换为对应的电信号后发送至上位机，所述上位机接收到两组电信号后，从两组电信号中分别获取对应的反射波信息，根据所述反射波信息得到对应的速度信息，并采用小波变化和卡尔曼滤波算法对两组速度信息进行融合处理，从而得到一组速度信息。Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a reflected wave velocity observation system based on a photoelectric sensor and an acceleration sensor according to the present invention. The reflected wave velocity observation system based on the photoelectric sensor and the acceleration sensor of the present embodiment includes several equally spaced geophones arranged in a straight line at the position to be observed (that is, the underground surface of the position to be observed). And a seismic wave exciter arranged on the ground, the seismic wave exciter is connected with the host computer in communication, each geophone includes a photoelectric sensor and an acceleration sensor, and the photoelectric sensor and the acceleration sensor collect simultaneously the seismic wave exciter After the vibration signal of the seismic wave generated after excitation, the vibration signal of the seismic wave is converted into a corresponding electrical signal and sent to the host computer. After the host computer receives two sets of electrical signals, it obtains For the corresponding reflected wave information, the corresponding velocity information is obtained according to the reflected wave information, and the wavelet transformation and the Kalman filter algorithm are used to fuse the two sets of velocity information, thereby obtaining a set of velocity information.
具体地，所述基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统可以是多次覆盖观测系统，上述的多个地震检波器排成一直线以形成地震检波器组件，多次覆盖观测系统则是在检波器组件的一个端头设置一个地震波激发器(炮点)，也即，在排成一排的多个地震检波器中，炮点可以位于最左侧的一个地震检波器靠左的位置，或者位于最右侧的一个地震检波器靠右的位置。在不同的实施例中，所述地震波激发器还可以排布在多个地震检波器的中间。Specifically, the reflected wave velocity observation system based on photoelectric sensors and acceleration sensors may be a multiple coverage observation system, the above-mentioned multiple geophones are arranged in a straight line to form a geophone assembly, and the multiple coverage observation system is A seismic wave exciter (shot point) is arranged at one end of the geophone assembly, that is, among multiple geophones arranged in a row, the shot point can be located at the leftmost position of the leftmost geophone , or one geophone on the far right to the right. In different embodiments, the seismic wave exciter can also be arranged in the middle of multiple geophones.
本实施例中，所述地震波激发器采用捶击式进行激发，当被激发后，每一个地震检波器均检测到地震波激发器被激发后所产生的地震波。每一个地震检波器内均有一个光电传感器和加速度传感器，本例中，所述光电传感器和加速度传感器通过一多传感器接口适配器与上位机数连接。所述加速度传感器和光电传感器的输出端与所述多传感器接口适配器的输入端连接，所述多传感器接口适配器的输出端通过数据总线与所述上位机连接。如此，可以同时将两组电信号初始融合后上传至上位机，上位机接收到两个电信号后再进行后续的反射波信息的获取处理以得到两个反射波信息，根据获取到的两个反射波信息得到对应的两个反射波传播速度信息，将两个反射波传播速度信息进行融合处理，以得到一个反射波的传播速度。In this embodiment, the seismic wave exciter is excited by hammering, and after being excited, each geophone detects the seismic wave generated by the seismic wave exciter after being excited. There is a photoelectric sensor and an acceleration sensor in each geophone. In this example, the photoelectric sensor and the acceleration sensor are connected to the host computer through a multi-sensor interface adapter. The output ends of the acceleration sensor and the photoelectric sensor are connected to the input end of the multi-sensor interface adapter, and the output end of the multi-sensor interface adapter is connected to the host computer through a data bus. In this way, the two sets of electrical signals can be initially fused and uploaded to the host computer at the same time. After receiving the two electrical signals, the host computer performs subsequent acquisition processing of reflected wave information to obtain two reflected wave information. According to the acquired two The reflected wave information obtains corresponding two reflected wave propagation velocity information, and the two reflected wave propagation velocity information are fused to obtain one reflected wave propagation velocity.
多传感器接口适配器设计要求建立一个适应性强、开发者容易实施的构件结构模型，在这个模型中，一个多传感器接口适配器构件可简化为由应用构件和构件适配器两个独立的构件组成，即构件＝{应用构件，构件适配器}。其中，应用构件是完成构件自身的逻辑功能所需的软件成分，构件适配器实现构件与软件总线的数据接口和控制接口。所有与系统总线接口有关的部分都集中体现在构件适配器中，这种设计将构件逻辑处理功能与构件集成设施相分离，从而隔离了多传感器信息采集接口不同对应用构件设计的影响。按照这一模型设计的多传感器适配器构件，可以方便的插接。到多传感器接口代理服务总线上，成为一个多传感器接口适配器的标准构件。The design of multi-sensor interface adapter requires the establishment of a component structure model with strong adaptability and easy implementation by developers. In this model, a multi-sensor interface adapter component can be simplified to be composed of two independent components, the application component and the component adapter, namely component = {Application Component, Component Adapter}. Among them, the application component is the software component required to complete the logic function of the component itself, and the component adapter implements the data interface and control interface between the component and the software bus. All the parts related to the system bus interface are embodied in the component adapter. This design separates the component logic processing function from the component integration facility, thereby isolating the impact of different multi-sensor information collection interfaces on the application component design. The multi-sensor adapter component designed according to this model can be plugged conveniently. To the Multi-Sensor Interface Proxy Service Bus, a standard building block for a Multi-Sensor Interface Adapter.
由于地震检波器采用了加速度传感器和光电传感器相结合的方法，所以对于两个传感器采集到的数据实行并行处理，后再采用了信息融合的方法进行处理。Since the geophone adopts the method of combining the acceleration sensor and the photoelectric sensor, the data collected by the two sensors are processed in parallel, and then the method of information fusion is used for processing.
两个传感器的测量参数，范围，精度等都不同，所以传感器采集到的原始数据是分别进行处理的。上位机将两个传感器将采集到的地震波进行反射波提取后，经过计算得出速度数据后，在将二者数据融合处理。The measurement parameters, range, and accuracy of the two sensors are different, so the raw data collected by the sensors are processed separately. After the upper computer extracts the reflected waves from the seismic waves collected by the two sensors, and calculates the velocity data, the two data are fused together.
信息融合技术包含四个主要元素:一是信息源元素(含传感器元素),它向系统提供原始的信息；二是信息转换、传递、交换元素,它完成信息的预处理；三是信息互补、综合处理元素,它完成信息的再生、升华；四是信息融合处理报告元素,即输出融合处理结果。Information fusion technology includes four main elements: one is information source elements (including sensor elements), which provide original information to the system; the other is information conversion, transmission, and exchange elements, which complete information preprocessing; The comprehensive processing element, which completes the regeneration and sublimation of information; the fourth is the information fusion processing report element, which outputs the fusion processing results.
数据融合技术采用经典与现代方法相结合的小波变换和卡尔曼滤波。在实际中,不同的传感器数据采集系统采集的数据具有不同的分辨率,因而,需要解决多分辨率数据的融合技术和方法,以便更好地利用不同分辨率数据的互补信息。达到更佳的融合效果。Kalman滤波对非平稳信号具有较强的估计能力,能对信号所有的频率成分同时进行处理。同时,小波变换具有高分辨力,对高频分量采用逐渐精细的时域和频域步长,可以聚焦到分析对象的任意细节。因此,小波变换与Kalman滤波结合可以取得良好的融合效果。The data fusion technology adopts wavelet transform and Kalman filter combining classic and modern methods. In practice, the data collected by different sensor data acquisition systems have different resolutions. Therefore, it is necessary to solve multi-resolution data fusion techniques and methods in order to better utilize the complementary information of different resolution data. achieve a better fusion effect. Kalman filter has a strong estimation ability for non-stationary signals, and can process all frequency components of the signal at the same time. At the same time, wavelet transform has high resolution, and adopts progressively finer steps in time domain and frequency domain for high-frequency components, and can focus on any details of the analysis object. Therefore, the combination of wavelet transform and Kalman filter can achieve good fusion effect.
加速度传感器灵敏度高，但是在测量范围具有一定的局限性。由于地下介质复杂，传感器需要接收范围较宽的数据。所以只使用加速度传感器可能会造成有用信息的流失。而光电传感器没有这种局限性，可弥补加速度传感器测量范围的不足。但是光电传感器易受光源的影响，而光又是无处不在的，包括红外光，紫外线光，可见光等。即使对光电传感器进行密闭封装，也难以保证不可见光的干扰。加速度传感器可以提高整体的抗干扰性能。两种传感器测量精度高，结合使用能够获得更加精确的结果。The acceleration sensor has high sensitivity, but has certain limitations in the measurement range. Due to the complexity of the underground medium, the sensor needs to receive data with a wide range. So only using the accelerometer may result in the loss of useful information. The photoelectric sensor does not have this limitation, and can make up for the lack of measurement range of the acceleration sensor. However, photoelectric sensors are easily affected by light sources, and light is everywhere, including infrared light, ultraviolet light, visible light, etc. Even if the photoelectric sensor is hermetically packaged, it is difficult to ensure that there is no visible light interference. The acceleration sensor can improve the overall anti-jamming performance. The two sensors have high measurement accuracy and can be used in combination to obtain more accurate results.
综上，本发明实施方式，检波器采用两个传感器分别采集两组震动信号，再转换得到两个对应的速度信息后进行整合以得到一个传播速度，从而使得检波器检测的精确度高、检测范围更广，地震检波器的适用范围更广。To sum up, in the embodiment of the present invention, the geophone adopts two sensors to collect two sets of vibration signals respectively, and then converts and obtains two corresponding velocity information and then integrates them to obtain a propagation speed, so that the detection accuracy of the geophone is high and the detection The range is wider, and the application range of the geophone is wider.
请参见图2，图2是本发明基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统第二实施例的结构示意图。本实施例的基于光电传感器和加速度传感器的反射波速度观测系统包括若干被布置于被观测地位置处的排成一直线的等间距的地震检波器21以及布置于地面上的地震波激发器22，所述若干地震检波器21被布置成一直线后形成地震检波器组件，所述地震波激发器22为两个，两个地震波激发器22分别靠近地震检波器组件的两个端头位置。即其中一个地震波激发器22位于最左侧的一个地震检波器21的左侧，另一个地震波激发器22位于最右侧的一个地震检波器21的右侧。Please refer to FIG. 2 . FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a reflected wave velocity observation system based on a photoelectric sensor and an acceleration sensor according to the present invention. The reflected wave velocity observation system based on the photoelectric sensor and the acceleration sensor of this embodiment includes a number of equally spaced geophones 21 arranged in a straight line arranged at the position of the observed site and a seismic wave exciter 22 arranged on the ground, The several geophones 21 are arranged in a straight line to form a geophone assembly. There are two seismic wave exciters 22, and the two seismic wave exciters 22 are respectively close to the two ends of the geophone assembly. That is, one of the seismic wave exciters 22 is located on the left side of the leftmost geophone 21 , and the other seismic wave exciter 22 is located on the right side of the rightmost geophone 21 .
当进行观测时，使两个地震波激发器22被同时激发后同时发出地震波，每一个地震检波器21均接收两个地震波激发器22发出的地震波，其中，每一个地震检波器21中的光电传感器检测两个地震波激发器22被激发后分别产生的第一震动信号，并分别将两个第一震动信号转换为对应的第一电信号后上传至上位机，每一个地震检波器21中的加速度传感器检测两个地震波激发器22被激发后分别产生的第二震动信号，并分别将两个第二震动信号转换为对应的第二电信号后上传至上位机。When observing, the two seismic wave exciters 22 are simultaneously excited to send out seismic waves simultaneously, and each geophone 21 receives the seismic waves sent by the two seismic wave exciters 22, wherein the photoelectric sensor in each geophone 21 Detect the first vibration signals generated by the two seismic wave exciters 22 after they are excited, and convert the two first vibration signals into corresponding first electrical signals and upload them to the host computer. The acceleration in each geophone 21 The sensor detects the second vibration signals respectively generated after the two seismic wave exciters 22 are excited, and respectively converts the two second vibration signals into corresponding second electrical signals and uploads them to the host computer.
所述上位机接收到每一地震检波器21发送的两个第一电信号及两个第二电信号，分别从两个第一电信号中获取第一反射波信息，计算两个第一反射波先后到达对应地震检波器的时间以得到时间差，然后确定该对应地震检波器与每一个地震波激发器22的距离，从而得到距离差，根据距离差与时间差计算得到反射波的第一传播速度；所述上位机还分别从两个第二电信号中获取第二反射波信息，计算两个第二反射波先后到达对应地震检波器的时间以得到时间差，然后确定该对应地震检波器与每一个地震波激发器22的距离，从而得到距离差，根据距离差与时间差计算得到地震波的第二传播速度。The host computer receives two first electrical signals and two second electrical signals sent by each geophone 21, respectively obtains the first reflected wave information from the two first electrical signals, and calculates the two first reflected wave information. The time at which the waves arrive at the corresponding geophones successively to obtain the time difference, then determine the distance between the corresponding geophone and each seismic wave exciter 22, thereby obtaining the distance difference, and calculate the first propagation velocity of the reflected wave according to the distance difference and the time difference; The host computer also obtains the second reflected wave information from the two second electrical signals, calculates the time when the two second reflected waves arrive at the corresponding geophones successively to obtain the time difference, and then determines the relationship between the corresponding geophones and each The distance of the seismic wave exciter 22 is used to obtain the distance difference, and the second propagation velocity of the seismic wave is calculated according to the distance difference and the time difference.
本实施例中，所述第一传播速度和第二传播速度均通过以下公式得到：其中，v为对应反射波的传播速度，S1为位于其中一端的地震波激发器被激发后产生的反射波在层间传播路程的一半，S2为位于另一端的地震波激发器被激发后产生的反射波在层间传播路程的一半，t为两个反射波到达同一个地震检波器的时间差。H表示反射波的反射点位于地面下的深度(层间深度)，X1表示其中一端(例如左端)地震激发器至当前计算的地震检波器的距离的一半，X2表示另一端(例如右端)地震激发器至当前计算的地震检波器的距离的一半。In this embodiment, the first propagation velocity and the second propagation velocity are both obtained by the following formula: Among them, v is the propagation velocity of the corresponding reflected wave, S1 is half of the interlayer propagation distance of the reflected wave generated after the seismic wave exciter at one end is excited, and S2 is the reflection generated after the seismic wave exciter at the other end is excited half of the wave travel distance between layers, and t is the time difference between two reflected waves arriving at the same geophone. H indicates the depth of the reflection point of the reflected wave under the ground (interlayer depth), X1 indicates half the distance from the seismic exciter at one end (for example, the left end) to the currently calculated geophone, and X2 indicates the earthquake at the other end (for example, the right end) Half the distance from the exciter to the currently calculated geophone.
因此，将代入公式可得到公式：vt＝2S1-2S2，推导得出：而关于深度与速度的关系可以通过下述方式得到，在第一个地震检波器处(其他实施例中，可在任何一个地震检波器处)增设一个地震波激发器(炮点)，在第一个检波器出放炮，使得V是层间速度，t0是该第一个地震检波器接收到的反射波的时间，则将深度公式代入Therefore, the Into the formula The formula can be obtained: vt=2S1-2S2, deduced: And the relation about depth and speed can be obtained in the following way, at the first geophone place (in other embodiments, can be at any geophone place), set up a seismic wave exciter (shot point), at the first geophone place A geophone shoots out, making V is the interlayer velocity, t0 is the time of the reflected wave received by the first geophone, then the depth formula is substituted into
公式可得到公式：formula The formula can be obtained:
因此，根据公式：即可求出对应的传播速度。Therefore, according to the formula: The corresponding speed of propagation can be obtained.
所述上位机还通过小波变化和卡尔曼滤波算法对第一传播速度和第二传播速度进行融合处理，从而得到一组速度信息。The host computer also performs fusion processing on the first propagation velocity and the second propagation velocity through wavelet transformation and Kalman filter algorithm, so as to obtain a set of velocity information.
具体结合实例，假设地震检波器为12个且均匀布置呈一条直线，每一个检波器的下端被置于地面下，上端外露于地面，通过数据总线与上位机相连。两个地震波激发器同时被激发后，12个地震检波器均检波震动信号，12个地震检波器中，每一个地震检波器中的每一个传感器均检测两个震动信号并将两个震动信号均转换为对应的电信号(形成一组电信号)后发送至上位机，因为，一个地震检波器需要发送四个电信号(加速度传感器发送的两个电信号为一组，光电传感器发送的两个电信号为一组)，上位机将每一个地震检波器中光电传感器对应的一组电信号进行处理，得到对应的两组速度信号求时间差，再求该地震检波器与两个地震波激发器的距离得到距离差，据此求得第一传播速度，上位机将同一个地震检波器中的加速度传感器对应的一组电信号进行处理，得到对应的两组速度信号求时间差，再求该地震检波器与两个地震波激发器的距离得到距离差，据此求得第二传播速度，然后融合成一个传播速度。Specifically combined with an example, assuming that there are 12 geophones and they are evenly arranged in a straight line, the lower end of each geophone is placed under the ground, the upper end is exposed to the ground, and is connected to the host computer through a data bus. After the two seismic wave exciters are excited at the same time, all the 12 geophones detect the vibration signals. Among the 12 geophones, each sensor in each geophone detects two vibration signals and combines the two vibration signals. It is converted into a corresponding electrical signal (forming a set of electrical signals) and then sent to the host computer, because a geophone needs to send four electrical signals (two electrical signals sent by the acceleration sensor form a group, and two electrical signals sent by the photoelectric sensor The upper computer processes a group of electrical signals corresponding to the photoelectric sensors in each geophone, and obtains the corresponding two sets of velocity signals to obtain the time difference, and then calculates the distance between the geophone and the two seismic wave exciters. The distance is obtained from the distance difference, and the first propagation velocity is obtained accordingly. The host computer processes a group of electrical signals corresponding to the acceleration sensor in the same geophone, and obtains the corresponding two sets of velocity signals to obtain the time difference, and then obtains the geophone. The distance difference between the detector and the two seismic wave exciters is obtained, and the second propagation velocity is obtained according to this, and then merged into one propagation velocity.
本发明实施方式，与现有技术的观测系统相比，无需花费过多时间去寻找共反射点，每一个检波器中的每一个传感器仅需要通过检测到的先后震动信号，计算两个反射波的先后到达时间，然后根据时间差和该距离差得到对应的传播速度，然后将每一个地震检波器对应的两个传播速度进行融合以得到一个反射波传播速度。采用这种方式，与多次覆盖观测系统相比，无需浪费大量的时间和人力去挪动地震检波器，也无需计算共反射点，因此，降低了工作量，减轻计算难度。In the embodiment of the present invention, compared with the observation system in the prior art, it does not need to spend too much time to find the common reflection point, and each sensor in each detector only needs to calculate the two reflected waves through the detected successive vibration signals Then the corresponding propagation velocity is obtained according to the time difference and the distance difference, and then the two propagation velocities corresponding to each geophone are fused to obtain a reflected wave propagation velocity. In this way, compared with the multi-coverage observation system, there is no need to waste a lot of time and manpower to move the geophone, and there is no need to calculate the common reflection point, so the workload is reduced and the difficulty of calculation is reduced.
以上仅为本发明的实施方式，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process conversion made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, All are included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention in the same way.
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| CN201610368272.6ACN106094009B (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2016-05-26 | Reflection wave velocity observation system based on photoelectric sensor and acceleration transducer |
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| CN201610368272.6ACN106094009B (en) | 2016-05-26 | 2016-05-26 | Reflection wave velocity observation system based on photoelectric sensor and acceleration transducer |
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