技术领域technical field
本发明涉及摄影测量技术，尤其涉及使用工业摄影器材进行结构物平面位移监测以及山体滑坡、地面沉降或移动监测的方法。The invention relates to photogrammetry technology, in particular to a method for monitoring structure plane displacement and landslide, ground subsidence or movement monitoring by using industrial photographic equipment.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术主要通过全站仪、位移传感器或GPS位移测量系统来对大型结构物沉降和位移、形变进行监测。全站仪虽然精度高，但是售价昂贵，成本花费太大，且全站仪是精密光学电子仪器，对恶劣条件难以应用，主机安置点也要求有较大空间。位移传感器虽然能够通过测量结构物一些重要部位相对于某一基准位置变化来了解整个物体的变形，但是要求位移传感器必须安装在某一垂直于被测对象变形而且与被测对象比较接近的基准位置上，且建立这个基准位置需要消耗大量人力物力，一般还不能长时间保留，有时根本无法建立。GPS位移测量法采用卫星定位，受天气影响小，测量位移自动化程度高，定位快，相对精度高，但是GPS卫星测量法容易受多路效应、卫星可视条件、卫星几何图形强度变化、区域电子干扰等因素的影响而导致效率降低，同时使用GPS设备的成本较高。In the prior art, the settlement, displacement and deformation of large structures are mainly monitored by total stations, displacement sensors or GPS displacement measurement systems. Although the total station has high precision, it is expensive and the cost is too high, and the total station is a precision optical and electronic instrument, which is difficult to apply to harsh conditions, and the host computer also requires a large space. Although the displacement sensor can understand the deformation of the entire object by measuring the change of some important parts of the structure relative to a certain reference position, it is required that the displacement sensor must be installed at a reference position that is perpendicular to the deformation of the measured object and is relatively close to the measured object. In addition, the establishment of this reference position requires a lot of manpower and material resources. Generally, it cannot be retained for a long time, and sometimes it cannot be established at all. The GPS displacement measurement method uses satellite positioning, which is less affected by the weather, has a high degree of automation in measuring displacement, fast positioning, and high relative accuracy. The influence of factors such as interference leads to a decrease in efficiency, and the cost of using GPS equipment is relatively high.
中国专利“CN 103105140 A”名为“大型建筑物变形监测以及其监测的方法”将激光发射器安装在接近被测对象的一个相对给定的基准点上，将激光接收器安装在变形面的被测点上，激光接收器在垂直于变形面方向的线位移，是此点的变形值。但是在测量的过程中，激光发射器的安装位置一旦发生位移后，激光发射器发出的激光光斑的位移发生明显变化，使激光接收器难以根据获得的数据判断是结构物发生位移还是激光发射器发生移动，影响监测效果。The Chinese patent "CN 103105140 A" titled "Large Building Deformation Monitoring and Its Monitoring Method" installs the laser transmitter on a relatively given reference point close to the measured object, and installs the laser receiver on the deformation surface. On the measured point, the linear displacement of the laser receiver in the direction perpendicular to the deformation surface is the deformation value of this point. However, during the measurement process, once the installation position of the laser emitter is displaced, the displacement of the laser spot emitted by the laser emitter will change significantly, making it difficult for the laser receiver to judge whether the structure is displaced or the laser emitter is displaced based on the obtained data. Movement occurs, affecting the monitoring effect.
中国专利“CN 103542893 A”名为“一体化山体滑坡监测传感器”利用传感器对山体岩层与土壤内水分含量、对被测点加速度和力进行数据采集并通过天线来发送数据，以此来对山体滑坡进行监测。但是该方法中使用的天线受太阳噪声影响很大，这也影响数据的精确性。The Chinese patent "CN 103542893 A" titled "Integrated Landslide Monitoring Sensor" uses the sensor to collect data on the moisture content in the rock layer and soil of the mountain, the acceleration and force of the measured point, and sends the data through the antenna to monitor the landslide. Landslide monitoring. But the antennas used in this method are highly affected by solar noise, which also affects the accuracy of the data.
中国专利“CN 104794860 A”名为“基于物联网技术的山体滑坡监测预警装置及其控制方法”将传感器监测的数据通过天线传送到物联网基地，物联网基地通过移动通信基站将信号无线传输到移动终端。该方法中需要设立物联网基地，这将消耗大量的人力和财力，同时也存在资源的浪费问题。The Chinese patent "CN 104794860 A" titled "Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning Device Based on Internet of Things Technology and Its Control Method" transmits the data monitored by the sensor to the Internet of Things base through the antenna, and the Internet of Things base wirelessly transmits the signal to the mobile terminal. In this method, an Internet of Things base needs to be set up, which will consume a lot of manpower and financial resources, and also has the problem of waste of resources.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，本发明专利目的在于利用摄影测量技术提供一种结构物位移监控方法，能够对待测结构物的平面位移进行测量，成本低，精度高，解决了现有技术的检测方法存在成本高、精度不够等问题。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the patent of the present invention is to provide a method for monitoring the displacement of a structure by using photogrammetry technology, which can measure the plane displacement of the structure to be measured, with low cost and high precision, which solves the problem of the prior art. The existing detection methods have problems such as high cost and insufficient accuracy.
为解决上述技术问题，实现发明目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:
一种基于多点拟合的结构物平面位移监测方法，包括以下步骤：A method for monitoring plane displacement of structures based on multi-point fitting, comprising the following steps:
A）在待测结构物的一侧面上设置多个待测点靶标，在该侧面的前方依次设有参考点靶标和相机；A) Set multiple target points to be measured on one side of the structure to be measured, and set a reference point target and a camera in sequence in front of the side;
B）分别计算所有待测点靶标、参考点靶标与相机的距离；标定待测点靶标与其在相机中成像像素的比值；B) Calculate the distances between all the target points to be measured, the target point at the reference point and the camera; calibrate the ratio of the target point to be measured to its imaging pixel in the camera;
C）配置一与相机连接的计算机，设置相机的采样时间；C) configure a computer connected to the camera, and set the sampling time of the camera;
D） 计算机获取相机首次拍摄的图像后，将该图像设为模板图像并保存；D) After the computer acquires the image captured by the camera for the first time, set the image as a template image and save it;
E）当相机的采样时间到达时，计算机获取相机拍摄的实时图像，并结合模板图像对实时图像进行分析处理，得到实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移；E) When the sampling time of the camera arrives, the computer acquires the real-time image taken by the camera, analyzes and processes the real-time image in combination with the template image, and obtains the displacement of all targets to be measured in the real-time image;
F）计算机结合实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移，得到待测结构物的平面位移监测结果。F) The computer combines the displacements of all the target points to be measured in the real-time image to obtain the monitoring results of the plane displacement of the structure to be measured.
进一步，所述步骤D具体为：计算机获取相机首次拍摄的图像后，将该图像设为模板图像，分别得到该模板图像中所有待测点靶标的质心和参考点靶标的质心，并保存。Further, the step D specifically includes: after the computer acquires the image captured by the camera for the first time, set the image as a template image, obtain the centroids of all target points to be measured and the centroids of the reference point targets in the template image, and save them.
进一步，所述步骤E具体为：当相机的采样时间到达时，计算机获取相机拍摄的实时图像，分别得到实时图像中所有待测点靶标的质心和参考点靶标的质心，并结合模板图像对实时图像进行分析处理；Further, the step E is specifically as follows: when the sampling time of the camera arrives, the computer obtains the real-time image taken by the camera, respectively obtains the centroids of all targets to be measured and the centroids of the reference point targets in the real-time image, and combines the template image to real-time Image analysis and processing;
如果实时图像中参考点靶标的质心和模板图像中参考点靶标的质心重合，说明相机没有发生偏转，待测结构物的平面位移由实时图像中待测点靶标和模板图像中待测点靶标得到；If the center of mass of the reference point target in the real-time image coincides with the center of mass of the reference point target in the template image, it means that the camera has not deflected, and the plane displacement of the structure to be measured is obtained from the target point to be measured in the real-time image and the target point to be measured in the template image ;
如果实时图像中参考点靶标的质心相对于模板图像中参考点靶标的质心发生了位移，说明相机发生偏转，此时首先对实时图像中待测点靶标的质心进行校正，得到实时图像中待测点靶标的校正质心，待测结构物的平面位移为实时图像中校正后待测点靶标和模板图像中待测点靶标得到。If the center of mass of the reference point target in the real-time image is displaced relative to the center of mass of the reference point target in the template image, it means that the camera is deflected. The corrected centroid of the point target and the plane displacement of the structure to be measured are obtained from the corrected point target to be measured in the real-time image and the point target to be measured in the template image.
进一步，所述如果相机没有发生偏转，实时图像中每个待测点靶标的位移为实时图像中该待测点靶标的质心与模板图像中该待测点靶标的质心的差值；即Δxai=xai2- xai1，Δyai=yai2- yai1；并在获得实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移后，对所有待测点靶标的位移进行多点拟合，得到待测结构物的平面位移；Further, if the camera is not deflected, the displacement of each target to be measured in the real-time image is the difference between the centroid of the target to be measured in the real-time image and the center of mass of the target to be measured in the template image; that is, Δxai = xai2 - xai1 , Δyai = yai2 - yai1 ; and after obtaining the displacements of all the targets to be measured in the real-time image, perform multi-point fitting on the displacements of all the targets to be measured to obtain the structure to be measured plane displacement;
如果相机发生偏转，计算机对实时图像中待测点靶标的质心进行校正，得到实时图像中第i个待测点靶标的校正质心为Ai0（xai0，yai0），xai0=xai1+Mi/N*(xb2-xb1)，yai0=yai1+Mi/N*(yb2-yb1)，实时图像中每个待测点靶标的位移为实时图像中该待测点靶标的校正质心与模板图像中该待测点靶标的质心的差值；即Δxai=xai2- xai0，Δyai=yai2- yai0；并在获得实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移后，对所有待测点靶标的位移进行多点拟合，得到待测结构物的平面位移；If the camera deflects, the computer corrects the centroid of the target to be measured in the real-time image, and the corrected centroid of the i-th target to be measured in the real-time image is Ai0 (xai0 , yai0 ), xai0 =xai1 + Mi /N*(xb2 -xb1 ), yai0 =yai1 +Mi /N*(yb2 -yb1 ), the displacement of each target point in the real-time image is the target in the real-time image The difference between the corrected centroid of the point target and the centroid of the target to be measured in the template image; that is, Δxai = xai2 - xai0 , Δyai = yai2 - yai0 ; and all the point targets to be measured in the real-time image After the displacement of , carry out multi-point fitting to the displacement of all target points to be measured, and obtain the plane displacement of the structure to be measured;
其中，Δxai和Δyai分别为实时图像中第i个待测点靶标在横坐标方向上和纵坐标方向上的位移分量，xai0和yai0分别为实时图像中第i个待测点靶标的校正质心Ai0的横坐标和纵坐标，xai1和yai1分别为模板图像中第i个待测点靶标的质心Ai1的横坐标和纵坐标，xai2和yai2分别为实时图像中第i个待测点靶标的质心Ai2的横坐标和纵坐标，xb1和yb1分别为模板图像中参考点靶标的质心B1的横坐标和纵坐标，xb2和yb2分别为实时图像中参考点靶标的质心B2的横坐标和纵坐标，Mi为第i个待测点靶标到相机的距离，N为参考点靶标到待测点靶标的距离。相比于现有技术，本发明具有如下优点：Among them, Δxai and Δyai are the displacement components of the i-th target to be measured in the real-time image in the abscissa direction and the ordinate direction, respectively, xai0 and yai0 are the i-th target to be measured in the real-time image The abscissa and ordinate of the corrected centroid Ai0 of , xai1 and yai1 are respectively the abscissa and ordinate of the centroid Ai1 of the i-th target to be measured in the template image, and xai2 and yai2 are respectively the The abscissa and ordinate of the centroid Ai2 of the i-th target to be measured, xb1 and yb1 are respectively the abscissa and ordinate of the centroid B1 of the reference point target in the template image, and xb2 and yb2 are the real-timeThe abscissa and ordinate of the centroid B2 of the reference point target in the image, Mi is the distance from the i-th target to be measured to the camera, and N is the distance from the reference point to the target to be measured. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明提供的结构物位移监控方法，利用在待测结构物的侧面上设置的多个待测点靶标拟合得到待测结构物的平面位移，能够用于对待测结构物的平面位移进行测量，同时在待测点靶标和相机之间设有的参考点靶标，用参考点靶标修正相机发生偏转时，对待测点靶标位移检测的误差，提高了整个监控精度，系统成本造价低。The structure displacement monitoring method provided by the present invention can obtain the plane displacement of the structure to be measured by fitting a plurality of target points to be measured on the side of the structure to be measured, which can be used to measure the plane displacement of the structure to be measured At the same time, a reference point target is set between the target point to be measured and the camera. When the camera is deflected, the reference point target is used to correct the error of the displacement detection of the target point to be measured, which improves the entire monitoring accuracy and lowers the system cost.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例中结构物位移监控方法的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for monitoring structure displacement in an embodiment.
图2为实施例中待测结构物的侧面设置的待测点靶标的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the point targets to be measured arranged on the side of the structure to be measured in the embodiment.
图3为实施例中将相机拍到的模板图像和实时图像重叠的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of overlapping the template image captured by the camera and the real-time image in the embodiment.
图中，待测点靶标1-4、参考点靶标5、相机6、计算机7。In the figure, there are 1-4 target points to be measured, 5 reference point targets, a camera 6, and a computer 7.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
实施例：Example:
由于山体只有暴露在外表面上的坡面能够安装监测装置，所以本方法还适用于检测山体的位移。如图1、2所示，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：Since only the slope exposed on the outer surface of the mountain can be equipped with monitoring devices, this method is also suitable for detecting the displacement of the mountain. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, it is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
A）在待测结构物的一侧面上设置多个待测点靶标（例如图1中设了4个待测点靶标1、2、3、4），在该侧面的前方依次设有参考点靶标5和相机6；其中在选择待测点靶标时可以选择一待测点靶标为中心，其他待测点靶标围绕在中心的待测点靶标的周边设置。A) Set multiple target points to be measured on one side of the structure to be measured (for example, four target points to be measured 1, 2, 3, and 4 are set in Figure 1), and reference points are set in sequence in front of the side Target 5 and camera 6; when selecting a target to be measured, one target to be measured can be selected as the center, and other targets to be measured are set around the center of the target to be measured.
B）分别计算所有待测点靶标、参考点靶标与相机的距离；标定待测点靶标与其在相机中成像像素的比值；例如：第i个待测点靶标和相机的距离Mi，参考点靶标到待测点靶标的距离N，第i个待测点靶标与其在相机中成像像素的比值Ri。B) Calculate the distances between all the targets to be measured, the reference point and the camera respectively; calibrate the ratio of the target to be measured to the imaging pixel in the camera; for example: the distance Mi between the i-th target to be measured and the camera, the reference point The distance N from the target to the target point to be measured, and the ratio Ri of the i-th target point to be measured to its imaging pixel in the camera.
C）配置一与相机连接的计算机7，设置相机的采样时间；采样时间可根据具体情况确定，具体实施时，可以是计算机检测到采样时间到达时，控制相机进行拍摄，相机拍摄完后将图像回传给计算机。或者是设置相机为定时拍摄，当相机自动拍摄完后，将图像回传给计算机。C) configure a computer 7 connected to the camera, and set the sampling time of the camera; the sampling time can be determined according to the specific situation. back to the computer. Or set the camera for timing shooting, and when the camera finishes shooting automatically, the image will be sent back to the computer.
D） 计算机获取相机首次拍摄的图像后，将该图像设为模板图像并保存；具体为：计算机获取相机首次拍摄的图像后，将该图像设为模板图像，分别得到该模板图像中所有待测点靶标的质心和参考点靶标的质心，并保存。模板图像认为是待测结构物未发生位移时的状态，保存模板图像是为了方便后面和相机实时拍摄的图像进行对比，得出待测结构物的位移量。待测点靶标的质心和参考点靶标的质心可以选择靶标的中心。例如，可以得到模板图像中第i个待测点靶标的质心Ai1（xai1，yai1）和参考点靶标的质心B1（xb1，yb1），D) After the computer acquires the image captured by the camera for the first time, set the image as a template image and save it; specifically: after the computer acquires the image captured by the camera for the first time, set the image as a template image, and obtain all the samples to be tested in the template image The centroid of the point target and the centroid of the reference point target are saved. The template image is considered to be the state of the structure under test when no displacement occurs. The purpose of saving the template image is to compare it with the real-time image captured by the camera to obtain the displacement of the structure under test. The center of mass of the target to be measured and the center of mass of the target of the reference point can select the center of the target. For example, the centroid Ai1 (xai1 , yai1 ) of the ith target to be measured in the template image and the centroid B1 (xb1 , yb1 ) of the reference point target can be obtained,
E）当相机的采样时间到达时，计算机获取相机拍摄的实时图像，并结合模板图像对实时图像进行分析处理，得到实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移；根据某时刻的实时图像可以得到该时刻所有待测点靶标的位移。E) When the sampling time of the camera arrives, the computer acquires the real-time image taken by the camera, analyzes and processes the real-time image combined with the template image, and obtains the displacement of all targets to be measured in the real-time image; the real-time image at a certain moment can be obtained. Displacement of all points to be measured at all times.
具体为：当相机的采样时间到达时，计算机获取相机拍摄的实时图像，分别得到实时图像中所有待测点靶标的质心和参考点靶标的质心，例如：可以得到实时图像的第i个待测点靶标的质心Ai2（xai2，yai2）和参考点靶标的质心B2（xb2，yb2）。并结合模板图像对实时图像进行分析处理；某时刻的待测结构物的平面位移是指该时刻下待测点靶标的位置相对于原始位置（模板图像中待测点靶标的位置）发生的位移。Specifically: when the sampling time of the camera arrives, the computer acquires the real-time image taken by the camera, and obtains the centroids of all target points to be measured and the center of mass of the reference point target in the real-time image respectively, for example: the i-th target to be measured in the real-time image can be obtained The centroid Ai2 (xai2 , yai2 ) of the point target and the centroid B2 (xb2 , yb2 ) of the reference point target. And combined with the template image to analyze and process the real-time image; the plane displacement of the structure to be measured at a certain moment refers to the displacement of the position of the target to be measured at this moment relative to the original position (the position of the target to be measured in the template image) .
如果实时图像中参考点靶标的质心和模板图像中参考点靶标的质心重合，说明相机没有发生偏转，此时，实时图像中待测点靶标发生的位移就仅仅是待测结构物发生的位移，实时图像中每个待测点靶标的位移为实时图像中该待测点靶标的质心与模板图像中该待测点靶标的质心的差值；即Δxai=xai2- xai1，Δyai=yai2- yai1；并在获得实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移后，对所有待测点靶标的位移进行多点拟合，得到待测结构物的平面位移；If the center of mass of the reference point target in the real-time image coincides with the center of mass of the reference point target in the template image, it means that the camera has not deflected. At this time, the displacement of the target point to be measured in the real-time image is only the displacement of the structure to be measured. The displacement of each target point to be measured in the real-time image is the difference between the centroid of the target point to be measured in the real-time image and the center of mass of the target point to be measured in the template image; that is, Δxai =xai2 - xai1 , Δyai = yai2 - yai1 ; and after obtaining the displacements of all the targets to be measured in the real-time image, perform multi-point fitting on the displacements of all the targets to be measured to obtain the plane displacement of the structure to be measured;
如果实时图像中参考点靶标的质心相对于模板图像中参考点靶标的质心发生了位移，如图3所示，图3中以其中一个待测点靶标举例说明，B1和B2没有重合，说明该监测子系统中相机发生偏转，此时，实时图像中待测点靶标发生的位移包括了待测结构物发生的位移和相机的偏移带来的误差。首先对实时图像中所有待测点靶标的质心进行校正，消除相机偏移带来的误差，得到实时图像中待测点靶标的校正质心Ai0（xai0，yai0），xai0=xai1+Mi/N*(xb2-xb1)，yai0=yai1+Mi/N*(yb2-yb1)，实时图像中每个待测点靶标的位移为实时图像中该待测点靶标的校正质心与模板图像中该待测点靶标的质心的差值；即Δxai=xai2- xai0，Δyai=yai2-yai0；并在获得实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移后，对所有待测点靶标的位移进行多点拟合，得到待测结构物的平面位移。If the center of mass of the reference point target in the real-time image is displaced relative to the center of mass of the reference point target in the template image, as shown in Figure 3, one of the target points to be measured is used as an example in Figure 3, B1 and B2 do not overlap, It shows that the camera deflects in the monitoring subsystem. At this time, the displacement of the target to be measured in the real-time image includes the displacement of the structure to be measured and the error caused by the offset of the camera. First, correct the centroids of all target points to be measured in the real-time image to eliminate the error caused by camera offset, and obtain the corrected centroid Ai0 (xai0 , yai0 ) of the target point to be measured in the real-time image, xai0 =xai1 +Mi /N*(xb2 -xb1 ), yai0 =yai1 +Mi /N*(yb2 -yb1 ), the displacement of each target point in the real-time image is the target in the real-time image The difference between the calibration centroid of the measuring point target and the centroid of the target to be measured in the template image; that is, Δxai =xai2 - xai0 , Δyai =yai2 -yai0 ; and all the points to be measured in the real-time image After the displacement of the target, multi-point fitting is performed on the displacement of all the target points to be measured to obtain the plane displacement of the structure to be measured.
其中，Δxai和Δyai分别为实时图像中第i个待测点靶标在横坐标方向上和纵坐标方向上的位移分量，xai0和yai0分别为实时图像中第i个待测点靶标的校正质心Ai0的横坐标和纵坐标，xai1和yai1分别为模板图像中第i个待测点靶标的质心Ai1的横坐标和纵坐标，xai2和yai2分别为实时图像中第i个待测点靶标的质心Ai2的横坐标和纵坐标，xb1和yb1分别为模板图像中参考点靶标的质心B1的横坐标和纵坐标，xb2和yb2分别为实时图像中参考点靶标的质心B2的横坐标和纵坐标，Mi为第i个待测点靶标到相机的距离，N为参考点靶标到待测点靶标的距离。Among them, Δxai and Δyai are the displacement components of the i-th target to be measured in the real-time image in the abscissa direction and the ordinate direction, respectively, xai0 and yai0 are the i-th target to be measured in the real-time image The abscissa and ordinate of the corrected centroid Ai0 of , xai1 and yai1 are respectively the abscissa and ordinate of the centroid Ai1 of the i-th target to be measured in the template image, and xai2 and yai2 are respectively the The abscissa and ordinate of the centroid Ai2 of the i-th target to be measured, xb1 and yb1 are respectively the abscissa and ordinate of the centroid B1 of the reference point target in the template image, and xb2 and yb2 are the real-timeThe abscissa and ordinate of the centroid B2 of the reference point target in the image, Mi is the distance from the i-th target to be measured to the camera, and N is the distance from the reference point to the target to be measured.
F）计算机结合实时图像中所有待测点靶标的位移，将得到的所有待测点靶标的位移拟合到平面坐标上，得到待测结构物的平面位移量，从而将该平面位移量定义为平面位移监测结果。计算第i个待测点靶标得到的（Δxai，Δyai）的值等于该待测点靶标在相机中按一定成像比例缩放后形成的位移，此时计算Ri*（Δxai，Δyai）为该待测点靶标的真实位移。F) The computer combines the displacements of all the targets to be measured in the real-time image, and fits the obtained displacements of all the targets to be measured to the plane coordinates to obtain the plane displacement of the structure to be measured, so that the plane displacement is defined as Plane displacement monitoring results. Calculate the value of (Δxai , Δyai ) obtained by calculating the i-th target to be measured is equal to the displacement of the target to be measured in the camera after it is scaled to a certain imaging ratio. At this time, calculate Ri*(Δxai , Δyai ) is the real displacement of the target at the point to be measured.
以四边形法为例说明在设置四个待测点靶标的情况下，待监测面上其他任意点B（u，v）的位移，根据四边形法，和Ai1（xai1，yai1）、Ai0（xai0，yai0），列出方程xai1=a*xai0+b* yai0+c* xai1*yai1+d，yai1=e*xai0+f* yai0+g* xai1*yai1+h，求出待定系数a，b，c，d，e，f，g。B点移动到了B’（u’，v’），根据u=a*u’+b*v’+c*u*v+d，u=e*u’+f*v’+g*u*v+h，求出B’（u’，v’），计算ΔB（Δu，Δv），其中Δu=u’-u，Δv=v’-v，ΔB*R即为待监测面上任意一点的实际位移，R为所标定的待测点靶标的Ri的平均值。待测点靶标数目为其他数目时，可根据类似方法按照多边形法则进行处理，得到待测面任意点的位移。Taking the quadrilateral method as an example to illustrate the displacement of any other point B (u, v) on the surface to be monitored when four targets are set, according to the quadrilateral method, Ai1 (xai1 , yai1 ), Ai0 (xai0 , yai0 ), list the equation xai1 = a*xai0 +b* yai0 +c* xai1 *yai1 +d, yai1 =e*xai0 +f* yai0 +g* xai1 *yai1 +h, find the undetermined coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f, g. Point B moved to B'(u', v'), according to u=a*u'+b*v'+c*u*v+d, u=e*u'+f*v'+g*u *v+h, calculate B'(u', v'), calculate ΔB(Δu, Δv), where Δu=u'-u, Δv=v'-v, ΔB*R is any The actual displacement of a point, R is the average value of Ri of the calibrated target point to be measured. When the number of target points to be measured is other numbers, the displacement of any point on the surface to be measured can be obtained by processing according to the polygon rule in a similar manner.
该方法可在远距离非接触的情况下结构物的平面位移，测量精度高，能够实时显示结构物的位移或者沉降，克服了由于摄像机安装结构变形带来的测量错误和误差，也可以在监测系统基础上加装远程通信设备，实现远程在线监测。应用中影响本方法测量精度主要包括以下几点：1、工业数码相机像素越高，分辨率越高，更能测量出微小的位移。2、待测点靶标，参考点靶标与镜头的距离越近，每个像素代表的实际长度越大，精度就越低。3、监测系统最好放在避风的位置，牢固固定。4、可在靶标和被测点上安装LED灯，提高监测亮度，方便监测。5、尽量不要把工业数码相机直接暴露在太阳光中测量，尽量使镜头与观测点的光线保持不变。6、尽量避免安装在经常附近有车辆经过，风力过大的环境中。7、尽可能选择结构物中相互垂直的两条边界线上的中心点。This method can measure the plane displacement of the structure in the case of long-distance non-contact, has high measurement accuracy, can display the displacement or settlement of the structure in real time, overcomes the measurement errors and errors caused by the deformation of the camera installation structure, and can also be used in monitoring On the basis of the system, remote communication equipment is installed to realize remote online monitoring. In the application, the measurement accuracy of this method mainly includes the following points: 1. The higher the pixel of the industrial digital camera is, the higher the resolution is, and the tiny displacement can be measured better. 2. The closer the distance between the target to be measured and the reference point and the lens is, the greater the actual length represented by each pixel is, and the lower the accuracy will be. 3. The monitoring system is best placed in a sheltered position and fixed firmly. 4. LED lights can be installed on the target and the measured point to increase the monitoring brightness and facilitate monitoring. 5. Try not to expose the industrial digital camera directly to sunlight for measurement, and try to keep the light from the lens and the observation point unchanged. 6. Try to avoid installing it in an environment where vehicles often pass by and the wind is too strong. 7. As much as possible, choose the center point on the two boundary lines perpendicular to each other in the structure.
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN201610476238.0ACN106092059B (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2016-06-27 | A kind of works Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Method based on multi-point fitting |
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