技术领域technical field
本发明实施例涉及电力电子技术，尤其涉及一种Z源直流变换器及其控制方法。Embodiments of the present invention relate to power electronics technology, and in particular to a Z-source DC converter and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
Z源直流变换器通过引进一个阻抗网络，将主变换器电路与电源或负载耦合。正是由于阻抗网络的特殊性能，使得同一变换器同时具有升压和降压功能，输出电压范围增大，满足光伏电池组并网时的要求，具有较好的推广前景。The Z source DC converter couples the main converter circuit with the power supply or load by introducing an impedance network. It is precisely because of the special performance of the impedance network that the same converter has the functions of step-up and step-down at the same time, and the output voltage range is increased, which meets the requirements of grid-connected photovoltaic cells and has a good promotion prospect.
目前，对Z源直流变换器的研究内容主要包括Z源直流变换器的工作原理和调制策略、Z源直流变换器的建模与控制及Z源直流变换器的应用等方面。由于，Z源直流变换器能够提供传统电压源和电流源变换器所没有的升降压功能，能够适应输入电压宽范围变化的场合。将其应用于新能源发电系统中，相比传统的两级式功率变化，其主电路节省一个有源器件，电路结构简洁。At present, the research content of the Z-source DC converter mainly includes the working principle and modulation strategy of the Z-source DC converter, the modeling and control of the Z-source DC converter, and the application of the Z-source DC converter. Because the Z-source DC converter can provide the buck-boost function that the traditional voltage source and current source converters do not have, and can adapt to the occasions where the input voltage varies in a wide range. Applying it to a new energy power generation system, compared with the traditional two-stage power change, its main circuit saves one active device, and the circuit structure is simple.
但是，Z源直流变换器在运行过程中，当开关频率不断提高时，单位时间内的功率元件开关次数相对增加，开通及关断所带来的开关损耗及电磁干扰随之增加，导致Z源直流变换器中开关管的开关损耗较高，而开关损耗高成为制约其广泛应用的关键因素。However, during the operation of the Z-source DC converter, when the switching frequency continues to increase, the switching times of the power components per unit time will increase relatively, and the switching loss and electromagnetic interference caused by the turn-on and turn-off will increase accordingly, resulting in the Z-source The switching loss of the switching tube in the DC converter is high, and the high switching loss has become a key factor restricting its wide application.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种Z源直流变换器及其控制方法，以降低Z源直流变换器的开关损耗，提升了Z源直流变换器的安全性和可靠性。The invention provides a Z-source DC converter and a control method thereof, so as to reduce the switching loss of the Z-source DC converter and improve the safety and reliability of the Z-source DC converter.
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种Z源直流变换器，包括：逆变桥、谐振槽、变压器和整流桥；In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a Z-source DC converter, including: an inverter bridge, a resonant tank, a transformer, and a rectifier bridge;
所述逆变桥通过Z源阻抗网络与直流电源电连接，用于将直流信号转换成交流信号，输出交流信号至变压器；The inverter bridge is electrically connected to the DC power supply through the Z source impedance network, and is used to convert the DC signal into an AC signal, and output the AC signal to the transformer;
所述谐振槽串联于所述逆变桥与所述变压器的原边之间，用于在逆变桥处于直通状态时，为所述逆变桥输出的交流信号附加谐振信号，通过变压器输出附加谐振信号后的交流信号至整流桥；The resonant tank is connected in series between the inverter bridge and the primary side of the transformer, and is used to add a resonant signal to the AC signal output by the inverter bridge when the inverter bridge is in a through state, and output an additional resonant signal through the transformer. The AC signal after the resonance signal is sent to the rectifier bridge;
所述整流桥与变压器的副边电连接，用于对附加谐振信号后的交流信号进行整流处理，输出整流后的直流信号至负载。The rectifier bridge is electrically connected to the secondary side of the transformer, and is used for rectifying the AC signal after the resonance signal is added, and outputting the rectified DC signal to the load.
进一步的，所述谐振槽包括谐振电感和谐振电容；Further, the resonant tank includes a resonant inductance and a resonant capacitor;
所述谐振电感串联于所述逆变桥与所述变压器之间，以及，所述谐振电容并联在所述变压器的原边。The resonant inductor is connected in series between the inverter bridge and the transformer, and the resonant capacitor is connected in parallel to the primary side of the transformer.
进一步的，所述直流电源与Z源阻抗网络之间串联有用于防止Z源阻抗网络电流回流的元件。Further, an element for preventing current backflow of the Z source impedance network is connected in series between the DC power supply and the Z source impedance network.
进一步的，还包括直流滤波电感，所述直流滤波电感串联于所述整流桥与负载之间，用于抑制输出至所述负载的直流信号中的冲击电流。Further, a DC filter inductor is further included, the DC filter inductor is connected in series between the rectifier bridge and the load, and is used to suppress the surge current in the DC signal output to the load.
第二方面，本发明实施例还提供了一种Z源直流变换器的控制方法，包括上述第一方面的Z源直流变换器，其控制方法包括：In the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a control method for a Z-source DC converter, including the Z-source DC converter in the first aspect, and the control method includes:
根据逆变桥的驱动脉冲信号，确定一个开关周期内各个工作模式对应的Z源直流变换器的等效电路，根据所述等效电路计算谐振槽的电流参数和电压参数；According to the drive pulse signal of the inverter bridge, determine the equivalent circuit of the Z source DC converter corresponding to each working mode in a switching cycle, and calculate the current parameter and voltage parameter of the resonance tank according to the equivalent circuit;
根据所述谐振槽的电流参数和电压参数，确定Z源直流变换器的直通脉冲信号的直通时间；Determine the through time of the through pulse signal of the Z source DC converter according to the current parameter and the voltage parameter of the resonance tank;
根据所述直通时间调整所述逆变桥的驱动脉冲信号，使所述驱动脉冲信号的上升沿和下降沿均位于所述直通时间的范围内，以实现所述逆变桥的软开关。Adjusting the driving pulse signal of the inverter bridge according to the through time, so that both the rising edge and the falling edge of the driving pulse signal are within the range of the through time, so as to realize the soft switching of the inverter bridge.
进一步的，所述电流参数为谐振电感的电流值iLs，以及，所述电压参数为谐振电容的电压值VCp。Further, the current parameter is the current value iLs of the resonant inductor, and the voltage parameter is the voltage value VCp of the resonant capacitor.
进一步的，根据所述谐振槽的电流参数和电压参数，确定Z源直流变换器的直通脉冲信号的直通时间，包括：Further, according to the current parameters and voltage parameters of the resonant tank, determining the through time of the through pulse signal of the Z-source DC converter, including:
根据谐振电容的电压值VCp的关系式和谐振电感的电流值iLs的关系式，确定Z源直流变换器的相平面图；According to the relational expression of the voltage value VCp of the resonant capacitor and the relational expression of the current value iLs of the resonant inductance, determine the phase plane diagram of the Z-source DC converter;
根据所述相平面图确定一个开关周期内各个工作模式的持续时间关系式；determining the duration relational expressions of each working mode in a switching cycle according to the phase plane diagram;
根据所述持续时间关系式确定零电压开启和零电流关断的时间范围，将所述零电压开启和零电流关断的时间之和作为直通脉冲信号的直通时间。The time range of zero-voltage on and zero-current off is determined according to the duration relational expression, and the sum of the time of zero-voltage on and zero-current off is taken as the through time of the through pulse signal.
进一步的，根据所述持续时间关系式确定零电压开启和零电流关断的时间范围，包括：Further, the time range for zero-voltage turn-on and zero-current turn-off is determined according to the duration relational expression, including:
根据一个开关周期内谐振电感的平均电压为零，以及，电压值VCp在一个开关周期的前半部分和后半部分的极性相反，求解所述持续时间关系式，得到零电压开启时间范围和零电流关断时间范围。According to the average voltage of the resonant inductor in a switching cycle is zero, and the polarity of the voltage value VCp is opposite in the first half and the second half of a switching cycle, the duration relational expression is solved to obtain the zero-voltage turn-on time range and Zero current turn-off time range.
进一步的，还包括：Further, it also includes:
所述零电流关断时间的起始时刻为电流值iLs等于逆变桥直流母线电流ipn的时刻。The starting moment of the zero-current turn-off time is the moment when the current value iLs is equal to the inverter bridge DC bus current ipn .
本发明通过在逆变桥与变压器的原边之间串联谐振槽，在逆变桥处于直通状态时，谐振槽开始谐振，为所述逆变桥输出的交流信号附加谐振信号，通过变压器输出附加谐振信号后的交流信号至整流桥，从而通过整流桥为负载供电，对逆变桥采用零电压开启和零电流关断方式，解决现有技术中Z源变换器开关损耗高的问题，降低了开关损耗，提高了Z源直流变换器的安全性和可靠性。In the present invention, by connecting the resonant tank in series between the inverter bridge and the primary side of the transformer, when the inverter bridge is in the straight-through state, the resonant tank starts to resonate, and adds a resonant signal to the AC signal output by the inverter bridge, and outputs an additional resonant signal through the transformer. The AC signal after the resonant signal is sent to the rectifier bridge, so as to supply power to the load through the rectifier bridge, and the zero-voltage turn-on and zero-current turn-off methods are adopted for the inverter bridge, which solves the problem of high switching loss of the Z-source converter in the prior art and reduces the The switching loss improves the safety and reliability of the Z-source DC converter.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例一中的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图；Fig. 1 is the schematic circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例一中的Z源直流变换器的驱动脉冲信号的产生原理图；2 is a schematic diagram of the generation of the driving pulse signal of the Z-source DC converter in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例一中的Z源直流变换器的工作原理波形图；3 is a waveform diagram of the working principle of the Z-source DC converter in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4a是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式一的工作状态对应的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图；Fig. 4a is a schematic circuit diagram of a Z-source DC converter corresponding to the working state of Mode 1 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4b是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式二的工作状态对应的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图；4b is a schematic circuit diagram of a Z-source DC converter corresponding to the working state of Mode 2 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4c是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式三的工作状态对应的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图；Fig. 4c is a schematic circuit diagram of a Z-source DC converter corresponding to the working state of Mode 3 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4d是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式四的工作状态对应的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图；Fig. 4d is a schematic circuit diagram of a Z-source DC converter corresponding to the working state of Mode 4 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4e是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式五的工作状态对应的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图；4e is a schematic circuit diagram of a Z-source DC converter corresponding to the working state of mode 5 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4f是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式六的工作状态对应的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图；FIG. 4f is a schematic circuit diagram of a Z-source DC converter corresponding to the working state of mode 6 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5a是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式一和模式二的工作状态对应的等效电路图；Fig. 5a is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the working states of mode 1 and mode 2 of a switching cycle in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5b是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式三的工作状态对应的等效电路图；Fig. 5b is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the working state of Mode 3 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5c是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式四的工作状态对应的等效电路图；Fig. 5c is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the working state of Mode 4 of one switching cycle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5d是本发明实施例一中一个开关周期的模式五和模式六的工作状态对应的等效电路图；Fig. 5d is an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the working states of mode 5 and mode 6 of one switching cycle in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例一中的Z源直流变换器的相平面图；FIG. 6 is a phase plane view of the Z-source DC converter in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例二中Z源直流变换器的控制方法的流程图。Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the control method of the Z-source DC converter in the second embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only some structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings but not all structures.
实施例一Embodiment one
图1为本发明实施例一提供的Z源直流变换器的电路原理图，本实施例可适用于输出电压波动范围较大的光伏发电并网的情况，具体包括：逆变桥110、谐振槽120、变压器和整流桥130。Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to grid-connected photovoltaic power generation with a large output voltage fluctuation range, and specifically includes: an inverter bridge 110, a resonance tank 120 , transformer and rectifier bridge 130 .
所述逆变桥110通过Z源阻抗网络与直流电源电连接，用于将直流信号转换成交流信号，输出交流信号至变压器。所述谐振槽120串联于所述逆变桥110与所述变压器的原边之间，用于在逆变桥110处于直通状态时，为所述逆变桥110输出的交流信号附加谐振信号，通过变压器输出附加谐振信号后的交流信号至整流桥130。所述整流桥130与变压器的副边电连接，用于对附加谐振信号后的交流信号进行整流处理，输出整流后的直流信号至负载。The inverter bridge 110 is electrically connected to the DC power supply through the Z source impedance network, and is used to convert the DC signal into an AC signal, and output the AC signal to the transformer. The resonant tank 120 is connected in series between the inverter bridge 110 and the primary side of the transformer, and is used to add a resonant signal to the AC signal output by the inverter bridge 110 when the inverter bridge 110 is in a straight-through state, The AC signal with the added resonance signal is output to the rectifier bridge 130 through the transformer. The rectifier bridge 130 is electrically connected to the secondary side of the transformer, and is used for rectifying the AC signal after adding the resonance signal, and outputting the rectified DC signal to the load.
其中，直流电源可以是光伏电池。所述直流电源与Z源阻抗网络之间串联有用于防止Z源阻抗网络电流回流的元件。例如，将二级管D作为防止Z源阻抗网络电流回流的元件。光伏电池通过二极管D输出直流信号至Z源阻抗网络。Wherein, the DC power source may be a photovoltaic cell. An element for preventing current backflow of the Z source impedance network is connected in series between the DC power supply and the Z source impedance network. For example, the diode D is used as a component to prevent the Z source impedance network from flowing back. The photovoltaic cell outputs a DC signal to the Z source impedance network through the diode D.
Z源阻抗网络包括以X形并联在光伏电池输出端的电感和电容(L1，L2，C1，C2)，且将Z源阻抗网络设计为对称网络。The Z source impedance network includes inductance and capacitance (L1 , L2 , C1 , C2 ) connected in parallel at the output end of the photovoltaic cell in an X shape, and the Z source impedance network is designed as a symmetrical network.
逆变桥110包括开关管，所述开关管可以是绝缘栅双极型晶体管(简称IGBT)。逆变桥110的连接方式可以是在上、下桥臂上分别连接有两个IGBT(S1、S2、S3、S4)。在每个IGBT上均反并联有续流二极管，对应关系为绝缘栅双极型晶体管S1对应续流二极管D1，绝缘栅双极型晶体管S2对应续流二极管D2，绝缘栅双极型晶体管S3对应续流二极管D3，以及，绝缘栅双极型晶体管S4对应续流二极管D4。The inverter bridge 110 includes a switch tube, and the switch tube may be an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT for short). The connection mode of the inverter bridge 110 may be that two IGBTs (S1 , S2 , S3 , S4 ) are respectively connected to the upper and lower bridge arms. A freewheeling diode is connected in antiparallel to each IGBT. The corresponding relationship is that the insulated gate bipolar transistor S1 corresponds to the freewheeling diode D1 , the insulated gate bipolar transistor S2 corresponds to the freewheeling diode D2 , and the insulated gate bipolar transistor S 2 corresponds to the freewheeling diode D 2 . The type transistor S3 corresponds to the freewheeling diode D3 , and the IGBT S4 corresponds to the freewheeling diode D4 .
谐振槽120包括谐振电感Ls和谐振电容Cp，所述谐振电感Ls串联于所述逆变桥110与所述变压器之间，以及，所述谐振电容Cp并联在所述变压器的原边。其中，变压器为隔离变压器T。The resonant tank 120 includes a resonant inductance Ls and a resonant capacitor Cp , the resonant inductance Ls is connected in series between the inverter bridge 110 and the transformer, and the resonant capacitor Cp is connected in parallel to the primary of the transformer side. Wherein, the transformer is an isolation transformer T.
隔离变压器T的副边串联有整流桥130，所述整流桥130的上、下桥臂分别连接两个二极管(M1，M2，M3，M4)。在上述技术方案的基础上，还包括直流滤波电感Lf，所述直流滤波电感Lf串联于所述整流桥130与负载之间，用于抑制输出至所述负载的直流信号中的冲击电流。A rectifier bridge 130 is connected in series on the secondary side of the isolation transformer T, and the upper and lower bridge arms of the rectifier bridge 130 are respectively connected to two diodes (M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 ). On the basis of the above technical solution, it also includes a DC filter inductor Lfconnected in series between the rectifier bridge 130 and the load to suppress the inrush current in the DC signal output to the load .
本发明实施例通过在逆变桥与变压器的原边之间串联谐振槽，在逆变桥处于直通状态时，谐振槽开始谐振，为所述逆变桥输出的交流信号附加谐振信号，通过变压器输出附加谐振信号后的交流信号至整流桥，从而通过整流桥为负载供电，对逆变桥采用零电压开启和零电流关断方式，解决现有技术中Z源变换器开关损耗高的问题，降低了开关损耗，提高了Z源直流变换器的安全性和可靠性。In the embodiment of the present invention, by connecting the resonant tank in series between the inverter bridge and the primary side of the transformer, when the inverter bridge is in the straight-through state, the resonant tank starts to resonate, and adds a resonant signal to the AC signal output by the inverter bridge, passing through the transformer Output the AC signal after the additional resonance signal to the rectifier bridge, so as to supply power to the load through the rectifier bridge, and adopt zero-voltage turn-on and zero-current turn-off methods for the inverter bridge to solve the problem of high switching loss of the Z-source converter in the prior art, The switching loss is reduced, and the safety and reliability of the Z-source DC converter are improved.
在上述技术方案的基础上，Z源阻抗网络的电感(L1、L2)和直流滤波电感Lf均远大于谐振槽120的谐振电感Ls的取值，并且Z源阻抗网络的电感(C1、C2)远大于谐振槽120的谐振电容Cp的取值。因此，Z源阻抗网络的电感和电容可以分别等效为电流源(IL1、IL2、ILf)和电压源(VC1、VC2)。由于Z源阻抗网络的对称性，以及，流过Z源阻抗网络的电容的电流在一个开关周期内的平均值为零，可以得到：On the basis of the above technical solution, the inductance (L1 , L2 ) of the Z source impedance network and the DC filter inductance Lf are much larger than the value of the resonant inductance Ls of the resonant tank 120, and the inductance of the Z source impedance network ( C1 , C2 ) are much larger than the value of the resonant capacitance Cp of the resonant tank 120 . Therefore, the inductance and capacitance of the Z source impedance network can be equivalent to current sources (IL1 , IL2 , ILf ) and voltage sources (VC1 , VC2 ), respectively. Due to the symmetry of the Z source impedance network and the average value of the current flowing through the capacitance of the Z source impedance network in one switching cycle, it can be obtained:
VC＝VC1＝VC2 (1)VC =VC1 =VC2 (1)
IL＝IL1＝IL2＝Ii (2)IL =IL1 =IL2 =Ii (2)
ILf＝Iout (3)ILf = Iout (3)
其中，VC1、VC2分别为Z源阻抗网络的第一电容C1和第二电容C2的电压。IL1、IL2分别为流经Z源阻抗网络的第一电感L1和第二电感L2电流。ILf为流经直流滤波电感Lf的电流。Ii和Iout分别为直流电源和负载侧电流在一个开关周期内的平均值。变压器原边的电流为一正负交替的方波，若设定方波幅值为IT，变压器变比为n，则变压器原边电流iT可以表示为：Wherein, VC1 and VC2 are the voltages of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 of the Z source impedance network respectively. IL1 and IL2 are the currents of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 flowing through the Z source impedance network, respectively. ILf is the current flowing through the DC filter inductor Lf . Ii and Iout are the average values of the DC power supply and the load side current in one switching cycle, respectively. The current on the primary side of the transformer is a positive and negative alternating square wave. If the amplitude of the square wave is set to IT and the transformation ratio of the transformer is n, the current iT on the primary side of the transformer can be expressed as:
图2是本发明实施例一中的Z源直流变换器的驱动脉冲信号的产生原理图。将负载上的电压Vo输入至开关管驱动模块，通过比较电压Vo与预置参考电压Voref得到电压偏差ΔVo。将电压偏差ΔVo输入压控振荡器，经压控振荡器处理输出开关频率fs，将开关频率fs输入脉冲调制器，通过脉冲调制器处理输出开关管S1至S4的驱动脉冲信号vGS1～vGS4。进而，通过驱动脉冲信号控制开关管在一个开关周期内的导通或关闭。从而，检测得到一个开关周期内流经开关管(S1～S4)的电流iS1～iS4，流经二极管D的电流iD，流经谐振电感LS的电流iLS，流经逆变桥直流母线电流ipn，以及流经变压器原边的电流iT。此外，还检测得到一个开关周期内逆变桥输出电压vac和谐振电容Cp上的电压即得到图3所示的Z源直流变换器的工作原理波形图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the generation of the driving pulse signal of the Z-source DC converter in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The voltage Vo on the load is input to the switch tube drive module, and the voltage deviation ΔVo is obtained by comparing the voltage Vo with the preset reference voltage Voref . Input the voltage deviation ΔVo into the voltage-controlled oscillator, process the output switching frequency fs through the voltage-controlled oscillator, input the switching frequency fs into the pulse modulator, and process and output the driving pulse signals of the switching tubes S1 to S4 through the pulse modulator vGS1 ~ vGS4 . Furthermore, the switching tube is controlled to be turned on or off within one switching period by the driving pulse signal. Therefore, the current iS1 ～iS4 flowing through the switching tubes (S1 ～S4 ), the current i D flowing through the diodeD , the current iLS flowing through the resonant inductor LS , and the inverter Transformer bridge DC bus current ipn , and current iT flowing through the primary side of the transformer. In addition, it also detects the output voltage vac of the inverter bridge and the voltage on the resonant capacitor Cp within a switching cycle That is, the waveform diagram of the working principle of the Z-source DC converter shown in FIG. 3 is obtained.
如图3所示，一个开关周期可以分为12个工作模式，由于前6个工作模块与后6个工作模式的工作情况类似，下面具体分析前6个工作模式。As shown in Figure 3, a switching cycle can be divided into 12 working modes. Since the working conditions of the first 6 working modules are similar to those of the last 6 working modes, the first 6 working modes will be analyzed in detail below.
1)工作模式1(t0～t1阶段)1) Working mode 1 (t0 ~ t1 stage)
工作模式1对应的工作状态下，Z源直流变换器的电路原理图如图4a所示。其中，开关管S1至S4均处于导通状态。如图3所示，在t0时刻iLS<ipn，因此，续流二极管D2和D3关断，电流换流至开关管S2和S3，此时逆变桥处于直通状态，二极管D关断，Z源阻抗网络的第一电容C1和第二电容C2分别给第一电感L1和第二电感L2恒压充电，谐振电感LS和谐振电容Cp开始谐振。在变压器副边侧，整流桥中的二极管M2、M3导通给负载供电。此时，Z源直流变换器在工作模式1的等效电路图如图5a所示，可以得到：In the working state corresponding to the working mode 1, the circuit schematic diagram of the Z-source DC converter is shown in Fig. 4a. Wherein, the switch tubes S1 toS4 are all ina conduction state. As shown in Figure 3, at time t0 iLS <ipn , therefore, the freewheeling diodes D2 and D3 are turned off, and the current is commutated to the switch tubes S2 and S3 , and the inverter bridge is in the through state at this time. The diode D is turned off, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 of the Z source impedance network charge the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 with a constant voltage respectively, and the resonant inductor LS and the resonant capacitor Cp start to resonate. On the secondary side of the transformer, the diodes M2 and M3 in the rectifier bridge are turned on to supply power to the load. At this time, the equivalent circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter in working mode 1 is shown in Figure 5a, and it can be obtained:
vL(t)＝VC (5)vL (t) = VC (5)
假定可以得到：assumed can get:
其中，in,
ωr为谐振槽的角频率，ωr is the angular frequency of the resonant tank,
Zr为谐振槽的特性阻抗，Zr is the characteristic impedance of the resonant tank,
2)工作模式2(t1～t2阶段)2) Working mode 2 (t1 ~ t2 stage)
工作模式2对应的工作状态下，Z源直流变换器的电路原理图如图4b所示。在t1时刻，谐振电感电流iLS与逆变桥输入电流iPn相等，且由iLS<ipn向iLS>ipn变化。此时，开关管S2和S3关断，电流换流至二极管D2和D3，逆变桥仍处于直通状态。二极管D关断，Z源阻抗网络的第一电容C1和第二电容C2分别给第一电感L1和第二电感L2恒压充电，谐振电感LS和谐振电容Cp开始谐振。在变压器副边侧，整流桥中的二极管M2、M3导通给负载供电。此时，Z源直流变换器在工作模式2的等效电路图如图5a所示，和的表达式与工作模式1相同。In the working state corresponding to the working mode 2, the circuit schematic diagram of the Z-source DC converter is shown in Fig. 4b. At time t1 , the resonant inductor current iLS is equal to the input current iPn of the inverter bridge, and changes from iLS <ipn to iLS >ipn . At this time, the switch tubes S2 and S3 are turned off, the current is commutated to the diodes D2 and D3 , and the inverter bridge is still in a straight-through state. The diode D is turned off, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 of the Z source impedance network charge the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 with a constant voltage respectively, and the resonant inductor LS and the resonant capacitor Cp start to resonate. On the secondary side of the transformer, the diodes M2 and M3 in the rectifier bridge are turned on to supply power to the load. At this time, the equivalent circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter in working mode 2 is shown in Fig. 5a, and The expression of is the same as working mode 1.
3)工作模式3(t2～t3阶段)3) Working mode 3 (t2 ~ t3 stage)
工作模式3对应的工作状态下，Z源直流变换器的电路原理图如图4c所示。在t2时刻，谐振电感电流iLS达到最大值；谐振电容电压且由向变化；变压器电流由负转正。此时，整流桥中二极管M2和M3关断，M1和M4导通。开关管S1和S4导通，开关管S2和S3关断，电流换流至二极管D2和D3，逆变桥仍处于直通状态。二极管D关断，Z源阻抗网络的第一电容C1和第二电容C2分别给第一电感L1和第二电感L2恒压充电，谐振电感LS和谐振电容Cp开始谐振。在变压器副边侧，整流桥中的二极管M1、M4导通给负载供电。此时，Z源直流变换器在工作模式3的等效电路图如图5b所示，可以得到：In the working state corresponding to working mode 3, the circuit schematic diagram of the Z-source DC converter is shown in FIG. 4c. At timet2 , the resonant inductor current iLS reaches its maximum value; the resonant capacitor voltage And by Towards Change; Transformer current from negative to positive.At this time, diodesM2 and M3 in the rectifier bridge are turned off, and M1 andM4 are turnedon .The switches S1 and S4 are turnedon , the switchesS2 and S3 are turned off, the current is commutated to thediodesD2 andD3 , and the inverter bridge is still in the through state. The diode D is turned off, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 of the Z source impedance network charge the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 with a constant voltage respectively, and the resonant inductor LS and the resonant capacitor Cp start to resonate. On the secondary side of the transformer, the diodes M1 and M4 in the rectifier bridge conduct to supply power to the load. At this time, the equivalent circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter in working mode 3 is shown in Figure 5b, and it can be obtained:
vL(t)＝VC (11)vL (t) = VC (11)
由式(12)得到：From formula (12) get:
其中，Im、ωr以及Zr的关系式见式(8)至(10)，此处不再赘述。Among them, the relational expressions of Im , ωr and Zr are shown in formulas (8) to (10), and will not be repeated here.
4)工作模式4(t3～t4阶段)4) Working mode 4 (t3 ~ t4 stage)
工作模式4对应的工作状态下，Z源直流变换器的电路原理图如图4d所示。在t3时刻，谐振电感电流iLS等于逆变桥输入电流iPn，且t3时刻的前一个工作模式中iLS>ipn。此时，D2和D3关断，逆变桥处于非直通状态，且逆变桥直流母线电压此时，二极管D关断，Z源阻抗网络的第一电容C1和第二电容C2分别给第一电感L1和第二电感L2恒压充电，谐振电感LS和谐振电容Cp开始谐振。在变压器副边侧，整流桥中的二极管M1、M4导通给负载供电。此时，Z源直流变换器在工作模式4的等效电路图如图5c所示，可以得到：In the working state corresponding to the working mode 4, the circuit schematic diagram of the Z-source DC converter is shown in Fig. 4d. At timet3 , the resonant inductor current iLS is equal to the input current iPn of the inverter bridge, and iLS >ipn in the previous working mode at timet3 . At this time, D2 and D3 are turned off, the inverter bridge is in a non-through state, and the DC bus voltage of the inverter bridge At this time, the diode D is turned off, the first capacitorC1 and thesecond capacitor C2 of the Z source impedance network charge thefirst inductor L1 and thesecond inductor L2 with a constant voltage respectively, and the resonant inductor LS and the resonant capacitor Cp Start resonating. On the secondary side of the transformer, the diodes M1 and M4 in the rectifier bridge conduct to supply power to the load. At this time, the equivalent circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter in working mode 4 is shown in Figure 5c, and it can be obtained:
5)工作模式5(t4～t5阶段)5) Working mode 5 (t4 ~ t5 stage)
工作模式5对应的工作状态下，Z源直流变换器的电路原理图如图4e所示。在t4时刻，iD>0，二极管D导通，直流电源为第一电容C1和第二电容C2充电。此时，Z源直流变换器在工作模式5的等效电路图如图5d所示，可以得到：In the working state corresponding to working mode 5, the circuit schematic diagram of the Z-source DC converter is shown in FIG. 4e.At time t4, iD >0, the diode D is turned on, and the DC power supply charges the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 . At this time, the equivalent circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter in working mode 5 is shown in Figure 5d, and it can be obtained:
vL(t)＝Vi-VC (16)vL (t) = Vi -VC (16)
由式(17)可以得到：From formula (17), we can get:
其中，ωr和Zr的关系式见式(9)和(10)，此处不再赘述。Among them, the relational expressions of ωr and Zr are shown in formulas (9) and (10), which will not be repeated here.
6)工作模式6(t5～t6阶段)6) Working mode 6 (t5 ~ t6 stage)
工作模式6对应的工作状态下，Z源直流变换器的电路原理图如图4f所示。在t5时刻，谐振电感电流iLS＝0，且由iLS>0向iLS<0变化。此时，开关管S1和S4关断，电流换流至续流二极管D1和D4，二极管D导通，直流电源为第一电容C1和第二电容C2充电。此时，Z源直流变换器在工作模式6的等效电路图如图5d所示，和的表达式与工作模式5相类似。In the working state corresponding to working mode 6, the circuit schematic diagram of the Z-source DC converter is shown in FIG. 4f. At time t5 , the resonant inductor current iLS =0, and changes from iLS >0 to iLS <0. At this time, the switch tubes S1 and S4 are turned off, the current is commutated to the freewheeling diodes D1 andD4 , the diode D is turnedon , and the DC power supplycharges thefirst capacitorC1 and thesecond capacitor C2. At this time, the equivalent circuit diagram of the Z-source DC converter in working mode 6 is shown in Figure 5d, and The expression of is similar to working mode 5.
工作模式7至工作模式12与工作模式1至工作模式6为反相对称的关系，由工作模式1至工作模式6的和的关系式，可以获得工作模式7至工作模式12关于和的关系式。根据一个开关周期内和的关系式，确定Z源直流变换器的相平面图。如图6所示，相平面图以为横坐标，为纵坐标。每个工作模式的持续时间如下：The working mode 7 to the working mode 12 and the working mode 1 to the working mode 6 are anti-symmetrical relations, by the working mode 1 to the working mode 6 and The relational expression of working mode 7 to working mode 12 can be obtained about and relational formula. According to a switching cycle within and The relational expression, determine the phase plane diagram of the Z source DC converter. As shown in Figure 6, the phase plane diagram starts with is the abscissa, is the vertical coordinate. The duration of each working mode is as follows:
假定Ts为开关周期，可以得到：Assuming Ts is the switching period, we can get:
T01+T12+T23+T34+T46＝Ts/2 (24)T01 +T12 +T23 +T34 +T46 = Ts /2 (24)
由于一个开关周期内中Z源阻抗网络中电感的平均电压为零，可以得到：Since the average voltage of the inductor in the Z source impedance network is zero within one switching cycle, it can be obtained:
其中，in,
由于一个开关周期内，前半部分的工作模式(工作模式1至工作模式6)与后半部分的工作模块(工作模式7至工作模式12)反相对称，有由图6的相平面图可知：Since the working modes of the first half (working mode 1 to working mode 6) are antisymmetric to the working modules of the second half (working mode 7 to working mode 12) in one switching cycle, there is It can be seen from the phase plane diagram in Figure 6 that:
假定电路参数及工作状态确定，即变压器变比n、谐振槽角频率ωr、谐振槽特性阻抗Zr、输入电压Vi、输入电流Ii、输出电流Iout和开关周期Ts已知。将(2)式，(4)式，(19)～(23)式和(26)～(27)代入(24)式，(25)式和(28)式得到(Vc，Im，I0)。再将(Vc，Im，I0)代入(19)～(21)式，得到零电压开启时间T01和零电流关断时间T13。将所述零电压开启时间和零电流关断的时间之和作为直通脉冲信号的直通时间。令逆变桥直流母线电压vpn在直通时间的取值为零，从而得到直通脉冲信号。将直通脉冲信号输入至开关管驱动模块，根据所述直通脉冲信号调整开关管的驱动脉冲信号，使所述驱动脉冲信号的上升沿和下降沿均位于所述直通时间的范围内，以实现所述逆变桥的软开关。Assume that the circuit parameters and working state are determined, that is, the transformation ratio n of the transformer, the angular frequency ωr of the resonant tank, the characteristic impedance Zr of the resonant tank, the input voltage Vi , the input current Ii , the output current Iout and the switching period Ts are known. Substitute (2) formula, (4) formula, (19)～(23) formula and (26)～(27) into (24) formula, (25) formula and (28) formula to obtain (Vc ,Im , I0 ). Substitute (Vc , Im , I0 ) into equations (19)~(21) to obtain zero-voltage turn-on time T01 and zero-current turn-off time T13 . The sum of the zero-voltage turn-on time and the zero-current turn-off time is used as the through time of the through pulse signal. Let the DC bus voltage vpn of the inverter bridge be zero at the through time, so as to obtain the through pulse signal. Input the through pulse signal to the switch tube drive module, adjust the drive pulse signal of the switch tube according to the through pulse signal, so that the rising edge and falling edge of the drive pulse signal are both within the range of the through time, so as to achieve the desired Soft switching of the inverter bridge.
实施例二Embodiment two
图7是本发明实施例二中Z源直流变换器的控制方法的流程图。本实施例的技术方案用于控制上述实施例的Z源直流变换器，实现所述Z源直流变换器的软开关，具体包括如下步骤：Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the control method of the Z-source DC converter in the second embodiment of the present invention. The technical solution of this embodiment is used to control the Z-source DC converter of the above-mentioned embodiment to realize the soft switching of the Z-source DC converter, specifically including the following steps:
步骤210、根据逆变桥的驱动脉冲信号，确定一个开关周期内各个工作模式对应的Z源直流变换器的等效电路，根据所述等效电路计算谐振槽的电流参数和电压参数。Step 210, according to the drive pulse signal of the inverter bridge, determine the equivalent circuit of the Z-source DC converter corresponding to each working mode in one switching cycle, and calculate the current parameters and voltage parameters of the resonant tank according to the equivalent circuit.
其中，逆变桥的驱动脉冲信号可以由上述实施例的开关管驱动模块输出。驱动脉冲信号的产生过程见上述实施例，此处不再赘述。控制器获得逆变桥的驱动脉冲信号，并检测一个开关周期内流经开关管(S1～S4)的电流iS1～iS4，流经二极管D的电流iD，流经谐振电感LS的电流iLS，流经逆变桥直流母线电流ipn，以及流经变压器原边的电流iT。此外，还检测得到一个开关周期内逆变桥输出电压vac和谐振电容Cp上的电压根据上述电路参数和工作模式，得到Z源直流变换器在一个开关周期内各个工作模式的等效电路，等效电路与述实施例相同，此处不再赘述。根据所述等效电路计算谐振槽的电流参数和电压参数。优选为根据所述等效电路计算谐振槽的谐振电感的电流值iLs，以及，谐振电容的电压值VCp。具体计算方法见上述实施例，此处不再赘述。Wherein, the driving pulse signal of the inverter bridge may be output by the switching tube driving module of the above embodiment. The process of generating the driving pulse signal can be seen in the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here. The controller obtains the driving pulse signal of the inverter bridge, and detects the current iS1 ～iS4 flowing through the switching tubes (S1 ～S4 ) in one switching cycle, the current i D flowing through the diode D, and the current iD flowing through the resonant inductor L The current iLS ofS , the current ipn flowing through the DC bus of the inverter bridge, and the current iT flowing through the primary side of the transformer. In addition, it also detects the output voltage vac of the inverter bridge and the voltage on the resonant capacitor Cp within a switching cycle According to the above circuit parameters and working modes, the equivalent circuits of the various working modes of the Z-source DC converter in one switching cycle are obtained, and the equivalent circuits are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here. The current parameters and voltage parameters of the resonant tank are calculated according to the equivalent circuit. Preferably, the current value iLs of the resonant inductance of the resonant tank and the voltage value VCp of the resonant capacitor are calculated according to the equivalent circuit. For the specific calculation method, refer to the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
步骤220、根据所述谐振槽的电流参数和电压参数，确定Z源直流变换器的直通脉冲信号的直通时间。Step 220 , according to the current parameter and the voltage parameter of the resonant tank, determine the through time of the through pulse signal of the Z-source DC converter.
其中，所述直通时间为逆变桥直流母线电压vpn为零的时间。根据谐振电容的电压值VCp的关系式和谐振电感的电流值iLs的关系式，确定Z源直流变换器的相平面图。根据所述相平面图确定一个开关周期内各个工作模式的持续时间关系式。根据所述持续时间关系式确定零电压开启和零电流关断的时间范围，例如，根据一个开关周期内谐振电感的平均电压为零，以及，电压值VCp在一个开关周期的前半部分和后半部分的极性相反，求解所述持续时间关系式，得到零电压开启时间范围和零电流关断时间范围。将所述零电压开启和零电流关断的时间之和作为直通脉冲信号的直通时间。Wherein, the cut-through time is the time when the DC bus voltage vpn of the inverter bridge is zero. According to the relational expression of the voltage value VCp of the resonant capacitor and the relational expression of the current value iLs of the resonant inductor, the phase plane diagram of the Z-source DC converter is determined. According to the phase plane diagram, the relational expression of the duration of each working mode in one switching period is determined. Determine the time range of zero-voltage turn-on and zero-current turn-off according to the duration relational formula, for example, according to the average voltage of the resonant inductor in a switching cycle is zero, and the voltage value VCp is in the first half and the end of a switching cycle The polarities of the halves are reversed, and the duration relational expression is solved to obtain the zero-voltage turn-on time range and the zero-current turn-off time range. The sum of the zero-voltage turn-on time and the zero-current turn-off time is taken as the through time of the through pulse signal.
步骤230、根据所述直通时间调整所述逆变桥的驱动脉冲信号，使所述驱动脉冲信号的上升沿和下降沿均位于所述直通时间的范围内，以实现所述逆变桥的软开关。Step 230, adjust the driving pulse signal of the inverter bridge according to the through time, so that the rising edge and falling edge of the driving pulse signal are both within the range of the through time, so as to realize the softness of the inverter bridge. switch.
本发明实施例，通过计算一个开关周期内各个工作模式对应的谐振槽的电流参数和电压参数；从而，确定Z源直流变换器的直通脉冲信号的直通时间；再根据直通时间调整所述逆变桥的驱动脉冲信号，使所述驱动脉冲信号的上升沿和下降沿均位于所述直通时间的范围内，以实现所述逆变桥的软开关。本发明实施例解决现有技术中Z源变换器开关损耗高的问题，降低了开关损耗，提高了Z源直流变换器的安全性和可靠性。In the embodiment of the present invention, by calculating the current parameters and voltage parameters of the resonant tank corresponding to each working mode in one switching cycle; thereby, determining the through time of the through pulse signal of the Z-source DC converter; and then adjusting the inverter according to the through time The drive pulse signal of the bridge, so that both the rising edge and the falling edge of the drive pulse signal are within the range of the through time, so as to realize the soft switching of the inverter bridge. The embodiment of the present invention solves the problem of high switching loss of the Z-source converter in the prior art, reduces the switching loss, and improves the safety and reliability of the Z-source DC converter.
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述零电流关断时间的起始时刻为电流值iLs等于逆变桥直流母线电流ipn的时刻。并且，在电流值iLs不小于逆变桥直流母线电流ipn时，实现逆变桥零电流关断。On the basis of the above technical solution, the starting moment of the zero-current turn-off time is the moment when the current value iLs is equal to the inverter bridge DC bus current ipn . Moreover, when the current value iLs is not less than the DC bus current ipn of the inverter bridge, the zero current shutdown of the inverter bridge is realized.
注意，上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本发明不限于这里所述的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明，但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本发明构思的情况下，还可以包括更多其他等效实施例，而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can also include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the present invention The scope is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610569753.3ACN106059312B (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2016-07-19 | A kind of control method of Z source DC converter |
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| CN201610569753.3ACN106059312B (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2016-07-19 | A kind of control method of Z source DC converter |
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| CN110011544A (en)* | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 江苏师范大学 | A multi-port input isolated Z-source DC converter |
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