(一)技术领域：(1) Technical field:
本发明涉及一种社区服务中电器智能控制系统，采用普通电煮锅和电煮锅控制器，按预置熬煮程序熬煮食品，熬煮结束时主控器通过小型电话程控交换机通知服务员，上位机电脑通过LED屏幕显示熬煮结束人员姓名。The invention relates to an intelligent control system for electric appliances in community service, which adopts a common electric cooker and an electric cooker controller to cook food according to a preset cooking program, and when the cooking is finished, the main controller notifies the waiter through a small telephone program-controlled switchboard, The host computer displays the name of the person who has finished cooking through the LED screen.
(二)背景技术：(two) background technology:
由电力网提供电源的控制系统，其各电子设备或模块间都是通过专用线路通信，来纠正各电子设备或电子模块的计时时间，达到同步运行目的。由于采用专用线路通信使布线复杂化并增加成本，如果计时时间不通过线路通信纠正，则由于传统计时误差，运行数小时后，其累积计时误差会使系统控制动作不一致，可能造成系统崩溃，在一些经常变更设计，布线工程量大的场合其产品应用受到限制。In the control system that is powered by the power grid, each electronic device or module communicates through a dedicated line to correct the timing time of each electronic device or electronic module to achieve the purpose of synchronous operation. Due to the use of dedicated line communication, the wiring is complicated and the cost is increased. If the timing time is not corrected through the line communication, due to the traditional timing error, after several hours of operation, the accumulated timing error will make the system control action inconsistent, which may cause the system to collapse. In some occasions where the design is changed frequently and the amount of wiring engineering is large, the product application is limited.
(三)发明内容：(3) Contents of the invention:
本发明社区服务中电器智能控制系统，采用普通电煮锅和电煮锅控制器，各电煮锅控制器的面板装有3至5只不同颜色LED，接入系统前先编号。电器控制器在刚开机后的一段时间，依序显示不同颜色不同数量的LED组合(例如：红、绿、蓝、红绿、蓝绿、红蓝、红绿蓝)，各组合均与编号的号码对应，选择显示不同颜色LED组合时，关机得到相对应的编号并保存，它是在编号时段当检测不到电网周波信号时，单片机依靠其电源电容的储能将编号数据存入非易失存储器中。社区服务中心桌面上排列许多普通电煮锅，放进食品和水，贴上姓名标识后，随时可以插入电煮锅控制器的插座上选择好烹饪模式开始按预置熬煮程序熬煮食品，然后在主控器输入插座编号、开始熬煮时间、需要通知的人员电话号码后即开始自动熬煮。主控器还通过RS232接口与上位机电脑通信。一般熬煮食品开始时有10分钟以上温水浸泡期，接着有旺火、慢火期等，熬煮结束时主控器通过小型电话程控交换机通知服务员，上位机电脑通过LED屏幕显示人员姓名。电煮锅控制器的插座其电源通过双向可控硅单独接于电力网上，并由电煮锅控制器通过光电偶合器隔离后，控制双向可控硅的负载通电功率和时间，每个电煮锅控制器都预置有多种实用程序的运行模式可选择，都可以用普通电煮锅使炖、煮、焖、煨、熬及煎药等过程智能化。主控器和各电煮锅控制器中均安装周波甄别电路、通信电子开关及其开关驱动模块，用于产生系统的同步时间保持系统动作一致，实现经电力线半波通信半波供电。主控器和各电煮锅控制器均接于同一电力网线上并设置总开关，在总开关之后接隔离二极管。The intelligent control system of electrical appliances in the community service of the present invention adopts ordinary electric cooking pots and electric cooking pot controllers, and the panels of each electric cooking pot controllers are equipped with 3 to 5 LEDs of different colors, which are numbered before being connected to the system. For a period of time after the electrical appliance controller is turned on, LED combinations of different colors and numbers (for example: red, green, blue, red-green, blue-green, red-blue, red-green-blue) are sequentially displayed. Corresponding to the number, when you choose to display different color LED combinations, shut down to get the corresponding number and save it. It is when the grid cycle signal is not detected during the numbering period, the single-chip microcomputer relies on the energy storage of its power supply capacitor to store the numbering data in the non-volatile in memory. There are many ordinary electric cooking pots arranged on the desktop of the community service center, put food and water in, and after affixing the name logo, you can plug the electric cooking pot into the controller socket at any time and select the cooking mode to start cooking food according to the preset cooking program. Then, after the main controller inputs the socket number, the cooking time, and the phone number of the person who needs to be notified, it starts to cook automatically. The main controller also communicates with the host computer through the RS232 interface. Generally, there is a warm water soaking period of more than 10 minutes at the beginning of cooking food, followed by a period of high heat and slow fire, etc. When the cooking is over, the main controller notifies the waiter through a small telephone program-controlled switchboard, and the host computer displays the name of the person through the LED screen. The power supply of the socket of the electric cooker controller is connected to the power grid separately through the bidirectional thyristor, and after being isolated by the electric cooker controller through the photoelectric coupler, the load power and time of the bidirectional thyristor are controlled. The pot controllers are preset with a variety of utility operating modes to choose from, and can use ordinary electric cooking pots to intelligentize the processes of stewing, boiling, braising, simmering, boiling and decocting medicine. The main controller and each electric cooking pot controller are equipped with a cycle discrimination circuit, a communication electronic switch and its switch drive module, which are used to generate the synchronous time of the system to keep the system action consistent, and realize the half-wave power supply through the half-wave communication of the power line. The main controller and the controllers of each electric cooking pot are all connected to the same power network line and a main switch is set, and an isolation diode is connected behind the main switch.
通信是受同步时间控制以保持各电煮锅控制器和主控器通信动作一致。各电煮锅控制器和主控器的通信电子开关的开关驱动模块是从电力线经电阻降压再经电阻分压后接D触发器的CLK端，D触发器的Q端接单片机的外部中断口(INT0或INT1)，该外部中断口设置为电平触发。D触发器的D端接地，其S端与单片机的I/O口相接，初始状态S端置1。当CLK端的正方波信号到来时，其上升沿使D触发器置0，外部中断口低电平产生中断，在中断服务程序中先使S端置0使D触发器置1即Q端为1而关中断，然后进行通信，通信电子开关依所采用通信方式接于单片机相应端口，并进行信号调理，通信结束前S端置1使开中断等待下一周波的通信，如此周而复始实现半波通信。The communication is controlled by the synchronization time to keep the communication actions of each electric cooking pot controller and the main controller consistent. The switch driving module of the communication electronic switch of each electric cooking pot controller and the main controller is connected to the CLK terminal of the D flip-flop after stepping down the voltage through the resistor from the power line and then dividing the voltage through the resistor, and the Q terminal of the D flip-flop is connected to the external interrupt of the single-chip microcomputer Port (INT0 or INT1), the external interrupt port is set to level trigger. The D terminal of the D flip-flop is grounded, the S terminal is connected to the I/O port of the microcontroller, and the S terminal is set to 1 in the initial state. When the positive square wave signal at the CLK terminal arrives, its rising edge sets the D flip-flop to 0, and the external interrupt port generates an interrupt at a low level. In the interrupt service program, first set the S terminal to 0 and set the D flip-flop to 1, that is, the Q terminal is 1. And turn off the interrupt, then communicate, the communication electronic switch is connected to the corresponding port of the microcontroller according to the communication method adopted, and perform signal conditioning, before the end of the communication, the S terminal is set to 1 to turn on the interrupt and wait for the communication of the next cycle, so that the half-wave communication is realized again and again. .
熬煮很费时，服务员可以通过电话网控制一部分具有特殊要求的熬煮过程。社区服务中心安装一台小型电话程控交换机，将其中一个分机号用于熬煮遥控。该分机号和指令代码与指令的对照表保存在手机中，并用锁屏密码等方法防止指令代码的数据泄密。通信时，从座机或手机发送指令代码的数字，交换机在主叫拨号后由双音多频解码器获得该分机主叫电话号码后,模拟摘机，并保持双音多频接收状态，以接收指令代码信号，如用手机可发：“交换机电话号码”P“指令代码的数字”，其中“P”可按住手机模拟键盘的*键得到，有的机型是按*键2-3次得到，或等待交换机固化在芯片中的语音提示后再键入指令代码，通信结束后，交换机将接收指令代码的数字信号经接口电路传送给主控器，由主控器译码后执行相应操作。Boiling is very time-consuming, and the waiter can control a part of the boiling process with special requirements through the telephone network. The community service center installed a small telephone program-controlled switchboard, and one of the extension numbers was used for remote control of cooking. The extension number and the comparison table of instruction codes and instructions are stored in the mobile phone, and methods such as lock screen passwords are used to prevent data leakage of the instruction codes. When communicating, send the number of the command code from the landline or mobile phone. After the caller dials, the switchboard obtains the calling phone number of the extension by the dual-tone multi-frequency decoder, simulates off-hook, and maintains the dual-tone multi-frequency receiving state to receive Command code signal, if you use a mobile phone, you can send: "switchboard phone number" P "number of command code", where "P" can be obtained by pressing the * key on the analog keyboard of the mobile phone, and some models can be obtained by pressing the * key 2-3 times Obtained, or wait for the voice prompt solidified in the chip of the switch before entering the command code. After the communication is over, the switch will transmit the digital signal of the received command code to the main controller through the interface circuit, and the main controller will perform corresponding operations after decoding.
本发明周波甄别电路如图2所示，利用电力网周波的正半周上升段，取三个甄别点实现对周波信号的识别判定，再利用周波时间建立同步时间，实现系统中主控器和各电煮锅控制器的同步运行。The cycle discrimination circuit of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2. It utilizes the rising section of the positive half cycle of the power network cycle, takes three discrimination points to realize the identification and judgment of the cycle signal, and then uses the cycle time to establish a synchronization time to realize the main controller and each electric circuit in the system. Synchronous operation of boiler controllers.
主控器和各电煮锅控制器的周波识别电路如图2所示，由三个采用滞回比较器的电压比较器组成，每个电压比较器中均包含滤波电路，其电压比较器的基准电压由稳压电路提供。电压比较器的输入电路，是由两个降压电阻分别接于电力网交流电源的两端，降压电阻的另一端，并联接有二极管串，二极管串中二极管的个数由设置的二个比较器中最大设定输入电压决定，每一个二极管压降为0.7V，二个比较器的输入端并接于二极管串两端，其中一端接地。The frequency identification circuit of the main controller and each electric cooking pot controller is shown in Figure 2, which consists of three voltage comparators using hysteresis comparators, each voltage comparator contains a filter circuit, and the voltage comparator’s The reference voltage is provided by the regulator circuit. The input circuit of the voltage comparator is connected by two drop-down resistors to the two ends of the AC power supply of the power network respectively, and the other end of the drop-down resistor is connected in parallel with a diode string, and the number of diodes in the diode string is set by the two comparators The maximum set input voltage in the comparator is determined, and the voltage drop of each diode is 0.7V. The input terminals of the two comparators are connected to the two ends of the diode string in parallel, and one of them is grounded.
系统设置时钟计时器和同步计时器。如果检测到相临的两个周波信号均为真，则取出该两个相邻的周波信号过零之间的时钟计时器计时时间，按序存入周波时间存储单元中，该周波时间存储单元可存放100个周波时间，存满时每存入一个周波时间，均先移除最先存入的一个周波时间，并计算存入的周波时间的平均值Tz并保存，利用Tz值鉴别待识别周波信号，以降低电力网频率波动的影响，同时采用三个甄别点降低误判可能性。The system sets the clock timer and sync timer. If detect that adjacent two cycle signals are true, then take out the clock timer counting time between these two adjacent cycle signals zero crossing, store in the cycle time storage unit in sequence, this cycle time storage unit It can store 100 cycle times. When the storage is full, each time a cycle time is stored, the first stored cycle time will be removed first, and the average value Tz of the stored cycle times will be calculated and saved. Use the Tz value to identify the waiting to be identified Cyclic signal to reduce the impact of power grid frequency fluctuations, while using three screening points to reduce the possibility of misjudgment.
三个比较器分别用于三个甄别点，即甄别点0、甄别点1、甄别点2，如图1所示。周波正半周上升段，占周波的1/4周期，共5ms时间，在周波正半周上升段的周波过零处，即甄别点0设置电压过零比较器，由于电力网周波负半周被整流二极管隔离，为了提高检测精度，在电压过零比较器的信号输入端再串接二极管隔离负半周，其基准电压从零提高到10mv至100mv，视比较器的失调电压而定，该基准电压可利用二极管压降经电阻分压得到。其余二个比较器分别设置在周波正半周上升段，峰值电压的35％至50％处的甄别点1和50％至70％处的甄别点2。The three comparators are respectively used for three discrimination points, that is, discrimination point 0, discrimination point 1, and discrimination point 2, as shown in FIG. 1 . The rising section of the positive half cycle of the cycle occupies 1/4 cycle of the cycle, with a total time of 5 ms. At the zero crossing point of the rising section of the positive half cycle of the cycle, that is, the discrimination point 0, a voltage zero-crossing comparator is set, because the negative half cycle of the power grid is isolated by the rectifier diode , in order to improve the detection accuracy, a diode is connected in series at the signal input terminal of the voltage zero-crossing comparator to isolate the negative half cycle, and its reference voltage is increased from zero to 10mv to 100mv, depending on the offset voltage of the comparator, the reference voltage can be used The voltage drop is obtained by dividing the voltage by resistors. The remaining two comparators are respectively set in the rising section of the positive half cycle of the cycle, the discrimination point 1 at 35% to 50% of the peak voltage and the discrimination point 2 at 50% to 70% of the peak voltage.
周波信号判定：单片机在设定时间开中断后，时钟计时器清零并开始计时，当周波电压过零时，设置在甄别点0的电压过零比较器﹙V0﹚的输出电压翻转，在其电压下降沿产生中断，记录其过零点中断时间Th0并关中断；此后，单片机扫描甄别点1处电压比较器﹙V1﹚的输出电压，当周波电压达到﹙V1﹚的阈值电压时，输出电压从高到低翻转，扫描记录其翻转时间Th1；同样扫描记录甄别点2处电压比较器﹙V2﹚输出电压翻转时间Th2，将Th0与电压过零比较器﹙V0﹚的输出电压翻转时间设定值Ts0作比较；Th1与电压比较器﹙V1﹚的输出电压翻转时间设定值Ts1以及Th2与电压比较器﹙V2﹚的输出电压翻转时间设定值Ts2分别作比较，如果在允许误差范围内，则检测到的该甄别信号为真，否则为假。上述判定甄别信号为真时，计算本次周波信号过零与相邻前一次甄别信号为真时的周波信号过零间的时钟计时器计时时间Tzu，将其与周波时间的平均值Tz作比较，如果不超过设定周波时间误差Tzv则周波信号为真，这时保存Tzu并取20ms与同步计时器计时时间相加，将相加的值存入同步计时器中。Judgment of the cycle signal: After the MCU is turned on and off at the set time, the clock timer is cleared and starts counting. When the cycle voltage crosses zero, the output voltage of the voltage zero-crossing comparator (V0) set at the discrimination point 0 is reversed. The voltage falling edge generates an interrupt, record the zero-crossing interrupt time Th0 and turn off the interrupt; after that, the single-chip computer scans the output voltage of the voltage comparator (V1) at the discrimination point 1, when the cycle voltage reaches the threshold voltage of (V1), the output voltage changes from Turn from high to low, scan and record its flip time Th1; also scan and record the output voltage flip time Th2 of the voltage comparator (V2) at the screening point 2, and compare Th0 with the output voltage flip time setting value of the voltage zero-crossing comparator (V0) Ts0 is compared; Th1 is compared with the output voltage inversion time setting value Ts1 of the voltage comparator (V1) and Th2 is compared with the output voltage inversion time setting value Ts2 of the voltage comparator (V2). If it is within the allowable error range, Then the detected discrimination signal is true, otherwise it is false. When the above-mentioned judgment and discrimination signal is true, calculate the clock timer time Tzu between the zero-crossing of the current cycle signal and the zero-crossing of the cycle signal when the adjacent previous discrimination signal is true, and compare it with the average value Tz of the cycle time , if it does not exceed the set cycle time error Tzv, the cycle signal is true. At this time, save Tzu and add 20ms to the timing time of the synchronous timer, and store the added value in the synchronous timer.
当时钟计时器以周波电压过零开始计时，则计时到16ms至18.5ms间的开中断时间设定值Tk时开中断，时钟计时器计时到25ms至27ms间的关中断时间设定值Tn时关中断。When the clock timer starts counting when the cycle voltage crosses zero, it will be interrupted when it counts to the set value Tk of the on-off time between 16ms and 18.5ms, and it will be interrupted when it counts to the set value Tn of the off-off time between 25ms and 27ms. Turn off interrupts.
系统开机后，时钟计时器开始计时，当检测到第一个周波电压过零时，设置在甄别点0的电压过零比较器﹙V0﹚的输出电压翻转，从而产生中断，取出周波电压过零点的时间T0保存，将时钟计时器清零并开始计时，这时周波电压过零时间Th0为0，同时单片机按上述方法扫描并判定甄别信号。由于检测的是第一个周波，时钟计时器是在周波电压过零时开始计时，其Th0、Th1和Th2的值均须加上周波时间20ms减去开中断时间设定值Tk的差值，如果三个甄别信号为真，下一次即第一次开中断时间取Tk。否则为假时，此时时钟计时器时间须加上T0，继续检测。After the system is turned on, the clock timer starts counting. When the first cycle voltage zero-crossing is detected, the output voltage of the voltage zero-crossing comparator (V0) set at the discrimination point 0 is reversed, thereby generating an interruption, and the cycle voltage zero-crossing point is taken out. Save the time T0, clear the clock timer and start timing. At this time, the zero-crossing time Th0 of the cycle voltage is 0, and the single-chip computer scans and judges the discrimination signal according to the above method. Since the first cycle is detected, the clock timer starts counting when the cycle voltage crosses zero, and the values of Th0, Th1 and Th2 must be added to the cycle time 20ms minus the difference between the on-off time setting value Tk, If the three discrimination signals are true, Tk is taken as the time to open the interrupt for the first time next time. Otherwise, when it is false, T0 must be added to the clock timer time at this time, and the detection continues.
当检测到第一个和相邻的第二个周波电压过零时，由于未保存检测的周波时间，因此两次周波信号过零间的时钟计时器计时时间是与周波时间20ms作比较，判定周波信号为真时，则取出开中断时的时钟计时器累计时间T1＝T0+Tk作为初始时间存入同步计时器中，开中断后时钟计时器清零，否则判定周波信号为假时，此时时钟计时器时间须加上T1，继续按上述方法重新检测第一个周波。当检测第一个周波信号为真后，恢复以上所述的周波信号判定。When the first and the second adjacent cycle voltage are detected to cross zero, since the detected cycle time is not saved, the clock timer timing time between the two cycle signal zero crossings is compared with the cycle time 20ms, and the judgment is made When the cycle signal is true, then take out the accumulated time T1=T0+Tk of the clock timer when the interrupt is turned on and store it in the synchronous timer as the initial time, and the clock timer is cleared after the interrupt is turned on; otherwise, when the cycle signal is judged to be false, then T1 must be added to the clock timer time, and continue to re-detect the first cycle according to the above method. When the first cycle signal is detected to be true, the above cycle signal determination is resumed.
如图1所示，如果检测到周波信号为假，下一次开中断时间均在本次开中断时间后，经延时周波时间的平均值Tz时开中断，并在开中断后延时Tns时关中断，设置关中断时间是当周波信号在甄别点0时没有产生中断，这时须在超过Ts0允许误差范围的设定时间点开始扫描，以及扫描甄别点1和甄别点2时，电压比较器输出电压没有产生翻转，都在关中断时间Tns关中断和停止扫描，Tns为:As shown in Figure 1, if the cycle signal is detected to be false, the next on-off time will be after the current on-off time, and the on-off will be on when the average value of the delayed cycle time is Tz, and it will be delayed by Tns after on-off Turn off the interrupt, set the off interrupt time is when the cycle signal does not generate an interrupt at the screening point 0, then the scan must be started at the set time point exceeding the allowable error range of Ts0, and when scanning the screening point 1 and screening point 2, the voltage comparison The output voltage of the device does not reverse, and the interrupt is turned off and the scan is stopped during the off-interruption time Tns. Tns is:
Tns＝Tn－TkTns=Tn-Tk
如果检测到周波信号为真，则下一周波开中断时间Tks为:If it is true to detect that the cycle signal is true, then the next cycle opening and interruption time Tks is:
Tks＝Tk+Th0Tks=Tk+Th0
即从第一次开中断时间取Tk之后，时钟计时器均是计时到Tks开中断，并清零后重新开始计时，计时到Tns时关中断，从而使同步计时器时间受到周波电压过零时间的纠正。That is, after Tk is taken from the time of the first interrupt, the clock timer is timed to Tks to be interrupted, and restarted after being cleared, and the interrupt is turned off when the clock reaches Tns, so that the synchronous timer time is affected by the zero-crossing time of the cycle voltage correction.
重复上述过程。如果所述检测到的上一周波信号为真，本周波判定时，甄别信号为假，或检测到的周波时间与周波时间的平均值Tz比较超过设定周波时间误差Tzv，或时钟计时器计时到关中断时间设定值Tns时，电压过零比较器﹙V0﹚输出电压未翻转，没有产生中断，则在时钟计时器计时到Tns时关中断，这时记未计周波数N为1并存储，下一次开中断时间是在上次开中断时间经过Tz后开中断，此后每次判定周波信号真伪，如为假或本次检测甄别信号虽为真但上次为假，则取N，将N+1后回存于存储器，时钟计时器在开中断后不清零继续计时，这时，设定的下一周波开中断时间暂时改用开中断时间临时设定值Tkz：Repeat the above process. If the detected last cycle signal is true, when this cycle is judged, the discrimination signal is false, or the detected cycle time exceeds the set cycle time error Tzv compared with the average value Tz of the cycle time, or the clock timer When the timing reaches the set value of the interrupt time Tns, the output voltage of the voltage zero-crossing comparator (V0) does not reverse, and no interrupt is generated. Then, when the clock timer counts to Tns, the interrupt is turned off. At this time, the uncounted cycle number N is 1 and Store, the next time of opening and closing is to open and break after the last time of opening and breaking through Tz, and then judge the authenticity of the cycle signal every time, if it is false or this time the detection and discrimination signal is true but the last time is false, then take N , store N+1 back in the memory, and the clock timer will not be cleared to continue counting after the interrupt is turned on. At this time, the set interrupt time of the next cycle is temporarily changed to the temporary set value Tkz of the interrupt time:
Tkz＝(N+1)×TzTkz=(N+1)×Tz
同时，下一周波关中断时间暂时改用关中断时间临时设定值Tnz：At the same time, the off-off time of the next cycle is temporarily changed to the temporary setting value Tnz of off-off time:
Tnz＝Tkz+TnsTnz=Tkz+Tns
当时钟计时器计时到Tkz后，扫描甄别点的时间可通过简单计算获得。如果这时检测到周波信号为真，则取出存储器中N保存，并将存储器中N置零，使时钟计时器计时值Ts为：(Ts－Tkz)→Ts，这时取(N+1)×20ms的值加于同步计时器中，并恢复使用设定值Tks与Tns，恢复时钟计时器在开中断后清零。When the clock timer counts to Tkz, the time for scanning the discrimination point can be obtained by simple calculation. If it is detected that the cycle signal is true at this time, take out N in the memory and save it, and set N in the memory to zero, so that the clock timer timing value Ts is: (Ts－Tkz)→Ts, then take (N+1) The value of ×20ms is added to the synchronous timer, and the set values Tks and Tns are restored to use, and the recovery clock timer is cleared after the interrupt is opened.
系统同步时间为同步计时器的时间，再加上当前正在计时的时钟计时器的时间。The system synchronization time is the time of the synchronization timer plus the time of the currently running clock timer.
判定甄别点信号真伪时，Th0、Th1、Th2是通过与电压比较器输出电压翻转时间设定值Ts0、Ts1、Ts2作比较看是否超差，来判定甄别点信号真伪，可以选择：Th0、Th1、Th2均为真时该周波甄别信号为真，或者Th0为真，同时Th1、Th2之一为真时，或者Th1、Th2为真时，该周波甄别信号为真，视对判定周波信号真伪不同要求而定。When judging the authenticity of the signal at the screening point, Th0, Th1, and Th2 are compared with the output voltage reversal time setting values Ts0, Ts1, and Ts2 of the voltage comparator to see if they are out of tolerance, so as to determine the authenticity of the signal at the screening point. You can choose: Th0 , Th1, and Th2 are true, the cycle discrimination signal is true, or Th0 is true, and at the same time one of Th1, Th2 is true, or Th1, Th2 is true, the cycle discrimination signal is true, and the judgment cycle signal Authenticity depends on different requirements.
如果电力网故障，当N大于25至70间的一个设定值时，由于系统中主控器和各电煮锅控制器，其检测的Tz值和N值可能不同，这时，电力网频率累积误差，可能造成同步计时器时间无法通过检测到真实周波信号时得到纠正，当检测到周波信号为真时，采用时钟计时器在Tkz处的计时值直接加于同步计时器中，以减少系统的不同步时间，电力网正常运营情况下N远小于25。If the power grid fails, when N is greater than a set value between 25 and 70, the Tz value and N value detected by the main controller and each electric cooker controller in the system may be different. At this time, the cumulative error of the power grid frequency , it may cause the time of the synchronous timer to be corrected when the real cycle signal is detected. When the cycle signal is detected to be true, the timing value of the clock timer at Tkz is directly added to the synchronous timer to reduce the error of the system. Synchronization time, N is far less than 25 under normal operation of the power grid.
发电与供用电过程是同时进行的,发电机发出的功率,.始终和用电设备消耗的功率保持平衡,当电力网频率下降至一定的程度时，即通过开启备用发电机等手段进行调频，使频率迅速恢复，因此正常情况下电力网频率波动是很小的。装机容量在3000MW及以上的系统，频率允许偏差为(50±0.2)Hz，装机容量在3000MW以下的系统，频率允许偏差为(50±0.5)Hz。上述方法可以大大提高系统抗干扰能力。The process of power generation and power supply is carried out at the same time. The power generated by the generator is always in balance with the power consumed by the electrical equipment. When the frequency of the power grid drops to a certain level, the frequency is adjusted by turning on the backup generator. The frequency is restored quickly, so the frequency fluctuation of the power grid is very small under normal circumstances. For systems with an installed capacity of 3000MW and above, the permissible frequency deviation is (50±0.2)Hz, and for systems with an installed capacity below 3000MW, the permissible frequency deviation is (50±0.5)Hz. The above method can greatly improve the anti-interference ability of the system.
允许的周波时间误差Tzv和电压比较器输出电压的翻转时间设定值，是采用试验软件经100个至500个电压比较器输出电压翻转时间Th0、Th1和Th2的试验记录及允许的周波时间误差Tzv试验记录分别评估取其平均值获得。The allowable cycle time error Tzv and the set value of the inversion time of the output voltage of the voltage comparator are the experimental records of the output voltage inversion time Th0, Th1 and Th2 of the voltage comparator through 100 to 500 voltage comparators and the allowable cycle time error The Tzv test records were evaluated separately and the average value was obtained.
(四)附图说明：(4) Description of drawings:
图1是周波甄别数据关系示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between cycle discrimination data;
图2是周波甄别电路结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a cycle discrimination circuit;
图3是社区服务中电器智能控制系统的电路结构方框图。Figure 3 is a block diagram of the circuit structure of the electrical appliance intelligent control system in community service.
(五)具体实施方式：(5) Specific implementation methods:
图3是社区服务中电器智能控制系统电路结构方框图，包括:主控器﹙10﹚、通信电子开关﹙11﹚、开关驱动模块﹙12﹚、接口电路﹙16﹚、小型电话程控交换机﹙17﹚、电脑﹙13﹚、周波甄别电路﹙14﹚、电煮锅控制器﹙15﹚。其中通信电子开关﹙11﹚、开关驱动模块﹙12﹚、周波甄别电路﹙14﹚和图2中单片机﹙U0﹚均分别包含在电煮锅控制器﹙15﹚和主控器﹙10﹚中。其中通信电子开关﹙11﹚使用双向可控硅作为开关。Figure 3 is a block diagram of the circuit structure of an electrical appliance intelligent control system in community service, including: a main controller (10), a communication electronic switch (11), a switch drive module (12), an interface circuit (16), and a small telephone program-controlled switch (17) , computer (13), frequency discrimination circuit (14), electric cooker controller (15). Among them, the communication electronic switch (11), the switch driving module (12), the cycle discrimination circuit (14) and the single-chip microcomputer (U0) in Fig. 2 are respectively included in the electric cooking pot controller (15) and the main controller (10). Among them, the communication electronic switch (11) uses a bidirectional thyristor as a switch.
图2是周波甄别电路﹙14﹚的结构示意图，由：输入电路﹙S0﹚、电压过零检测模块﹙V0﹚、电压比较器﹙V1﹚和电压比较器﹙V2﹚构成。单片机﹙U0﹚是指电煮锅控制器﹙15﹚和主控器﹙10﹚中的单片机。输入电路﹙S0﹚用于将电力网交流电压通过电阻和二极管的分压，转换为电压比较器合适的稳定的输入电压。单片机﹙U0﹚采用89C55WD，电压过零检测模块﹙V0﹚、电压比较器﹙V1﹚、电压比较器﹙V2﹚均使用专用的电压比较器LM339，其基准电压是采用稳压管的稳压电路来稳定电压比较器的阈值电压。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cycle discrimination circuit (14), which is composed of an input circuit (S0), a voltage zero-crossing detection module (V0), a voltage comparator (V1) and a voltage comparator (V2). The single-chip microcomputer (U0) refers to the single-chip microcomputer in the electric cooking pot controller (15) and the main controller (10). The input circuit (S0) is used to convert the AC voltage of the power grid into a suitable stable input voltage of the voltage comparator through the voltage division of the resistor and the diode. The single-chip microcomputer (U0) adopts 89C55WD, the voltage zero-crossing detection module (V0), the voltage comparator (V1), and the voltage comparator (V2) all use a dedicated voltage comparator LM339, and its reference voltage is a voltage regulator circuit using a regulator tube to stabilize the threshold voltage of the voltage comparator.
当电力网交流电压周波信号过零时，电压过零检测模块﹙V0﹚的输出电压跳变，单片机﹙U0﹚产生中断，记录中断时间，同时单片机﹙U0﹚还用于扫描电压比较器﹙V1﹚和电压比较器﹙V2﹚的输出电压，当输出电压跳变时记录跳变时间，用于判定电力网周波信号从而产生同步时间。When the AC voltage cycle signal of the power grid crosses zero, the output voltage of the voltage zero-crossing detection module (V0) jumps, and the single-chip microcomputer (U0) generates an interruption, and records the interruption time. At the same time, the single-chip microcomputer (U0) is also used to scan the voltage comparator (V1) And the output voltage of the voltage comparator (V2), record the jump time when the output voltage jumps, and use it to determine the cycle signal of the power network to generate the synchronization time.
接口电路﹙16﹚中的单片机AT89C2051设有I2C串行通信模块，用于与主控器﹙10﹚之间进行通信，其EEPRAM用于保存数据。通信时，从手机功能界面选择所须代码，通过电话网向小型电话程控交换机发送数据，当主控器接收到相关字符串后，将其译成所对应的功能。The microcontroller AT89C2051 in the interface circuit (16) is provided with an I2C serial communication module for communicating with the main controller (10), and its EEPRAM is used for saving data. When communicating, select the required code from the function interface of the mobile phone, and send data to the small telephone program-controlled switchboard through the telephone network. When the main controller receives the relevant character string, it translates it into the corresponding function.
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