技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种医疗辅助设备，尤其涉及的是一种悬臂式激光光路校准装置。The invention relates to medical auxiliary equipment, in particular to a cantilever type laser optical path calibration device.
背景技术Background technique
四肢长骨干骨折，尤其是下肢骨干骨折，通常采用闭合复位髓内钉接骨术。术中达到骨折的良好复位是手术成功实施的必备条件之一。复位不良会造成肢体力线异常，骨折畸形愈合，二次翻修手术等严重后果。相对于开放复位骨折手术来说，闭合复位骨折接骨术能最大限度保留骨折端骨外膜的血液供应，促进骨折愈合。另外，对于粉碎性骨折，开放手术并不一定能达到解剖复位目的，反将加速骨折局部血液供应的破坏，导致骨折延迟愈合甚至不连接，从而失去手术意义。因此，对于术中骨折闭合复位情况的判断尤显重要。对于体表可触及骨性标志的骨干骨折，如胫骨骨折，腓骨远端骨折等来说，通过触摸骨嵴的连续性可基本判断骨折的复位情况。对于肌肉覆盖丰富的股骨骨折来说，闭合复位时无法通过触摸骨嵴的连续性来完成骨折复位情况的判断。借助术中正位和侧位X线透视能从二维平面评估股骨骨折冠状位和矢状位骨折对位对线情况，但是由于骨骼本身为三维立体构造，所以在手术时候对于第三维平面---横断面，即骨干骨折的旋转对位情况难以用普通透视完成相对精确的评估。Fractures of the long bones of the extremities, especially those of the lower extremities, are usually treated with closed reduction and intramedullary nailing. Achieving a good reduction of the fracture during the operation is one of the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of the operation. Poor reduction can lead to abnormal force line of limbs, fracture malunion, secondary revision surgery and other serious consequences. Compared with open reduction and fracture surgery, closed reduction and osteosynthesis can preserve the blood supply of the periosteum of the fracture to the greatest extent and promote fracture healing. In addition, for comminuted fractures, open surgery does not necessarily achieve the purpose of anatomical reduction, but will accelerate the destruction of the local blood supply of the fracture, resulting in delayed union or even non-union of the fracture, thus losing the meaning of surgery. Therefore, it is particularly important to judge the closed reduction of fractures during operation. For diaphyseal fractures with palpable bony landmarks on the body surface, such as tibial fractures, distal fibula fractures, etc., the reduction of the fracture can be basically judged by touching the continuity of the bone crest. For femoral fractures with rich muscle coverage, the fracture reduction cannot be judged by touching the continuity of the bone crest during closed reduction. With the help of intraoperative frontal and lateral X-ray fluoroscopy, the coronal and sagittal fracture alignments of the femoral fracture can be evaluated from the two-dimensional plane. However, since the bone itself is a three-dimensional structure, the third-dimensional plane during surgery- - Cross-section, that is, the rotational alignment of diaphyseal fractures is difficult to complete a relatively accurate assessment with ordinary fluoroscopy.
目前国内外术中采用的股骨旋转对位评估方法通常包括两大类。一类是：通过手术医师肉眼评估的方法，包括结合透视所得图像的方式，如大体目测法、局部皮纹走行观察法、电刀引线法、股骨小转子轮廓法、骨皮质对称法、Tornetta双平面透视估算法等。单纯的目测观察方法(大体目测法和局部皮纹走行观察法)精度基本无法保证，而通过X线的二维图像(电刀引线法、股骨小转子轮廓法、骨皮质对称法、Tornetta双平面透视估算法等)来估算第三维平面的旋转对位情况依然存在缺陷，甚至出现临床手术失误。At present, the evaluation methods of femoral rotation and alignment used in surgery at home and abroad generally include two categories. One is: the method of visual assessment by the surgeon, including the method of combining the images obtained by fluoroscopy, such as the general visual method, the observation method of local skin lines, the electrocautery lead method, the contour method of the lesser trochanter, the bone cortical symmetry method, and the Tornetta dual method. Plane perspective estimation method, etc. The accuracy of simple visual observation methods (gross visual inspection method and local striae line observation method) can hardly be guaranteed, while two-dimensional images through X-rays (electrosurgical lead wire method, lesser trochanter contour method, cortical symmetry method, Tornetta biplane There are still defects in estimating the rotation and alignment of the third-dimensional plane using the perspective estimation method, etc., and even clinical surgical errors.
另一类是：通过仪器在体外模拟骨骼空间旋转对位情况，如术中实时3D-CT，计算机导航等方法。由于这类方法依靠相关软件程序，可以做到近乎精确的计算和评估，所以控制旋转的效果相当好。这类方法往往需要专门的医疗设备及配套软件，同时需要一支配合默契的辅助人员团队。实践证明，运用上述方法会延长手术时间，可能增加术中失血和发生感染的几率；同时增加透视X线时间，可能造成潜在损害。此外，相关医疗设备和配套软件价格高昂，基层医院恐难以普及；全过程还离不开辅助人员的良好配合。The other type is: using instruments to simulate the rotation and alignment of bone space in vitro, such as intraoperative real-time 3D-CT, computer navigation and other methods. Because such methods rely on associated software programs that allow for near-precise calculations and evaluations, controlling rotation works fairly well. Such methods often require specialized medical equipment and supporting software, as well as a well-coordinated team of support staff. Practice has proved that the use of the above methods will prolong the operation time, which may increase the chance of intraoperative blood loss and infection; at the same time, it will increase the X-ray time, which may cause potential damage. In addition, the relevant medical equipment and supporting software are expensive, and it may be difficult for grassroots hospitals to popularize them; the whole process is inseparable from the good cooperation of auxiliary personnel.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种悬臂式激光光路校准装置，可以用 在体外直接测量下肢骨横断面轴线倾角。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a cantilever type laser optical path calibration device, which can be used to directly measure the axis inclination angle of the cross-section of the lower limb bone outside the body.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的，本发明包括激光光路校准部、悬臂部和连接部，所述连接部的顶部连接悬臂部的底部，连接部的底部连接激光光路校准部的顶部，所述激光光路校准部的轴线方向与所述悬臂部的轴线方向相垂直；所述激光光路校准部内沿轴线方向开设用于激光光路通过的通槽；所述悬臂部沿轴线方向设有用于导针穿过的定位孔。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. The present invention includes a laser optical path calibration part, a cantilever part and a connecting part, the top of the connecting part is connected to the bottom of the cantilever part, and the bottom of the connecting part is connected to the top of the laser optical path calibrating part. The axial direction of the laser optical path calibrating part is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cantilever part; the laser optical path calibrating part is provided along the axial direction for the passage of the laser optical path; the cantilever part is provided with a guide pin along the axial direction through the positioning hole.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述定位孔位于悬臂部的中心轴线上。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the positioning hole is located on the central axis of the cantilever portion.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述通槽的横截面为十字型结构，所述通槽位于所述激光光路校准部的中心轴线上。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the cross-section of the through groove is a cross-shaped structure, and the through groove is located on the central axis of the laser optical path calibrating part.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述激光光路校准部、悬臂部和连接部一体成型。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the laser optical path alignment part, the cantilever part and the connecting part are integrally formed.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述连接部分别粘合激光光路校准部和悬臂部。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the connecting part is bonded with the laser optical path alignment part and the cantilever part respectively.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述激光光路校准部、悬臂部和连接部上沿各自中心轴线在内部或表面开设多个互对称的减重孔。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the laser optical path alignment part, the cantilever part and the connecting part are provided with a plurality of mutually symmetrical weight-reducing holes inside or on the surface along their respective central axes.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述激光光路校准部、悬臂部和连接部为空心件，各个部件的管壁厚度一致。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the laser optical path alignment part, the cantilever part and the connecting part are hollow parts, and the thickness of the pipe wall of each part is consistent.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述激光光路校准部、悬臂部和连接部为实心件。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the laser optical path alignment part, the cantilever part and the connecting part are solid parts.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述激光光路校准部、悬臂部和连接部选自医用金属、塑料、玻璃纤维、陶瓷或耐热尼龙中的一种。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the laser optical path alignment part, the cantilever part and the connecting part are selected from one of medical metal, plastic, glass fiber, ceramic or heat-resistant nylon.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述激光光路校准部、悬臂部和连接部的横截面为以各自的中心轴线对称的形状。As one of the preferred forms of the present invention, the cross-sections of the laser optical path alignment part, the cantilever part and the connecting part are symmetrical with respect to their respective central axes.
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：本发明将三维空间内虚拟的下肢骨骼纵向机械轴线由体内转到体外，并通过激光光路达到真实高精度的反映，避免了目测法粗略估计的偏差，也不需要昂贵的医疗设备，相关软件及辅助技术团队配合。实际应用时可避免术中长时间的X线透视，减少术中人员辐射损伤的可能。激光校准与实际骨干旋转角度的测量均远离手术操作野，避免无菌区域的污染。激光校准部减重孔的设计和添加，使其自身重量减轻，也可以通过该孔观察激光光路通过情况，便于激光水平仪(激光倾角仪)方向调整；减重孔还可以用于液体导流，将流入激光校准部内的液体，如血液，冲洗液等迅速排出。本发明原理简单，实用轻便有效，易于制造，成本低廉，便于临床应用，另外它还可以反复消毒供手术使用，有助节约医疗成本。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention transfers the longitudinal mechanical axis of the virtual lower limb bones in the three-dimensional space from the body to the outside, and achieves real high-precision reflection through the laser light path, avoiding the deviation of the rough estimate of the visual method, There is no need for expensive medical equipment, related software, and assistive technology teams. In actual application, long-term X-ray fluoroscopy during operation can be avoided, and the possibility of radiation damage to personnel during operation can be reduced. Both the laser calibration and the measurement of the actual backbone rotation angle are kept away from the surgical field to avoid contamination of the sterile field. The design and addition of the weight-reducing hole in the laser calibration part reduces its own weight, and the passage of the laser light path can also be observed through the hole, which is convenient for the direction adjustment of the laser level (laser inclinometer); the weight-reducing hole can also be used for liquid diversion, The liquid flowing into the laser calibration part, such as blood, flushing fluid, etc., is quickly discharged. The invention is simple in principle, practical, light, effective, easy to manufacture, low in cost, and convenient for clinical application. In addition, it can be repeatedly sterilized for use in operations, helping to save medical costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是图1的左视图；Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1;
图3是图1的俯视图；Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 1;
图4是图1的仰视图。Fig. 4 is a bottom view of Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
如图1所示，本实施例包括一体成型的激光光路校准部1、悬臂部2和连接部3，所述连接部3的顶部连接悬臂部2的底部，连接部3的底部连接激光光路校准部1的顶部，所述激光光路校准部1的轴线方向与所述悬臂部2的轴线方向相垂直；所述激光光路校准部1内沿轴线方向开设用于激光光路通过的通槽4；所述悬臂部2沿中心轴线方向设有用于导针穿过的定位孔5。本实施例的通槽4的横截面为十字型结构。As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment includes an integrally formed laser optical path calibration part 1, a cantilever part 2 and a connecting part 3, the top of the connecting part 3 is connected to the bottom of the cantilever part 2, and the bottom of the connecting part 3 is connected to the laser optical path calibration part. The top of the part 1, the axial direction of the laser optical path calibrating part 1 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the cantilever part 2; the laser optical path calibrating part 1 is provided with a through groove 4 along the axial direction for the passage of the laser optical path; The cantilever part 2 is provided with a positioning hole 5 along the direction of the central axis for the guide needle to pass through. The cross section of the through groove 4 in this embodiment is a cross-shaped structure.
连接部3会减少制造加工困难，增强整个部件力学结构稳定性，在实际应用中防止激光光路校准部1和悬臂部2之间发生断裂。The connection part 3 can reduce manufacturing and processing difficulties, enhance the stability of the mechanical structure of the entire component, and prevent breakage between the laser optical path alignment part 1 and the cantilever part 2 in practical applications.
其他实施例中，可以选用连接部3分别粘合激光光路校准部1和悬臂部2。In other embodiments, the connecting part 3 can be selected to bond the laser optical path alignment part 1 and the cantilever part 2 respectively.
激光光路校准部1、悬臂部2和连接部3上沿各自中心轴线在内部或表面开设多个互对称的减重孔6。The laser optical path calibrating part 1 , the cantilever part 2 and the connecting part 3 are provided with a plurality of mutually symmetrical lightening holes 6 inside or on the surface along their respective central axes.
本实施例的激光光路校准部1、悬臂部2和连接部3为空心件，各个部件的管壁厚度一致。The laser optical path alignment part 1, the cantilever part 2 and the connecting part 3 of this embodiment are hollow parts, and the thickness of the tube wall of each part is consistent.
其他实施例中，激光光路校准部1、悬臂部2和连接部3为实心件。In other embodiments, the laser optical path alignment part 1 , the cantilever part 2 and the connecting part 3 are solid parts.
本实施例的激光光路校准部1、悬臂部2和连接部3选自医用金属制成。The laser optical path alignment part 1, the cantilever part 2 and the connecting part 3 of this embodiment are made of medical metals.
本实施例激光光路校准部1、悬臂部2和连接部3的横截面为以各自的中心轴线对称的形状。可以选用多边形、圆形、椭圆形等。In this embodiment, the cross-sections of the laser optical path alignment part 1 , the cantilever part 2 and the connecting part 3 are symmetrical to their respective central axes. Polygon, circle, ellipse, etc. can be selected.
本实施例工作时，悬臂部2内的定位孔5穿入导针将整个装置悬空后，激光光路校准部1的轴线方向将与地面平行。激光顺利通过激光光路校准部1后，激光的投射方向平行于三维空间内虚拟的下肢骨骼纵向机械轴线方向。换言之，激光光路起到人为添加三维空间辅助线--下肢骨骼纵向机械轴线的作用。激光水平仪(激光倾角仪)将在下肢骨骼纵向机械轴线方向上，相当于横断面CT平扫位置，即横断面CT平扫位置就是骨骼横断面，精确测量下肢骨骼旋转对位情况。When this embodiment is working, after the positioning hole 5 in the cantilever part 2 is inserted into the guide pin to suspend the whole device, the axis direction of the laser optical path calibration part 1 will be parallel to the ground. After the laser passes through the laser light path calibration unit 1 smoothly, the projection direction of the laser is parallel to the longitudinal mechanical axis direction of the virtual lower limb bone in the three-dimensional space. In other words, the laser light path acts as an artificially added three-dimensional space auxiliary line—the longitudinal mechanical axis of the lower limb bones. The laser level (laser inclinometer) will be in the direction of the longitudinal mechanical axis of the bones of the lower limbs, which is equivalent to the plain scan position of the cross-sectional CT, that is, the plain scan position of the cross-sectional CT is the cross-section of the bones, and can accurately measure the rotational alignment of the bones of the lower limbs.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510122194.7ACN106031635A (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2015-03-19 | A Cantilever Laser Optical Path Calibration Device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510122194.7ACN106031635A (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2015-03-19 | A Cantilever Laser Optical Path Calibration Device |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106031635Atrue CN106031635A (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510122194.7APendingCN106031635A (en) | 2015-03-19 | 2015-03-19 | A Cantilever Laser Optical Path Calibration Device |
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| CN (1) | CN106031635A (en) |
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| US20110144704A1 (en)* | 2007-10-06 | 2011-06-16 | Lukemedica Pty Ltd | Device and method for assisting the alignment of limbs |
| US20110190832A1 (en)* | 2010-01-20 | 2011-08-04 | Kyle Taylor | Apparatus and methods for bone access and cavity preparation |
| CN102871714A (en)* | 2012-10-26 | 2013-01-16 | 杜大江 | Surgical device for exclusive use of orthopedics department and method for using same |
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