技术领域technical field
本发明涉及工程质量的监测技术领域，特别涉及一种重构土壤的精细压实模型的构建方法。The invention relates to the technical field of engineering quality monitoring, in particular to a method for constructing a fine compaction model of reconstructed soil.
背景技术Background technique
中国经济的迅速发展和城镇化速度的加速，必然会造成建设用地的增加，耕地大量减少，土地保有量和经济发展对土地需求的矛盾有愈演愈烈之势。2013年《中国城市规划发展报告》更明确提出到2030年实现65％的城市化率，这对国家粮食安全和生态环境保护提出了巨大的挑战(王秋香,2011)。提高已有耕地的固有潜力，扩大农用地中耕地的空间与利用深度，增加其他土地转化为耕地的比率，成为解决人地矛盾的关键。The rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization will inevitably lead to an increase in construction land and a large decrease in cultivated land. The contradiction between land holdings and economic development's demand for land will intensify. The 2013 "China Urban Planning and Development Report" clearly stated that by 2030, an urbanization rate of 65% would be achieved, which poses a huge challenge to national food security and ecological environment protection (Wang Qiuxiang, 2011). Improving the inherent potential of existing cultivated land, expanding the space and utilization depth of cultivated land in agricultural land, and increasing the ratio of other land converted into cultivated land have become the key to solving the contradiction between man and land.
随着农业机械化的进展的提高，在农业生产中越来越广泛的采用大型农具及其配套机具，这些机械在提高农业生产力的同时，也造成了土壤的大量压实。一定程度的土壤压实能够增加种子和土壤的接触面积，有利于种子的生根发芽，同时起到保墒的作用，但是过度的压实会造成土壤孔隙度减小，容积密度增加，土壤透气性、水分渗透性减小(聂发辉,2008)，植物根系的穿透性阻力增大；过度压实会减小土壤中矿物因子和水的接触面积，极大影响土壤中有机质的矿化作用，减弱养分离子的团流和扩散作用；土壤压实不仅会抑制菌丝的存在减弱分解者的有益活动，使植物细根数量减少，同时会造成养分循环降低，减弱土壤有效水分、养分的供应能力引起植物的“营养不良”现象(邱仁辉,2003)。土壤过度压实对植物生长的影响较为隐秘，往往被认为是其它原因造成的植物生长障碍，被称为“隐形杀手”，过度压实造成复垦土壤的质地较差，影响农作物产量，是机械作业能好增加。有研究表明农业机械化带来的生产效率的提高很大程度上被土壤压实引起的土壤结构功能性退化所抵消(Pengthamkeerati P,2005)。With the advancement of agricultural mechanization, large-scale farm tools and their supporting tools are increasingly used in agricultural production. While these machines increase agricultural productivity, they also cause a lot of compaction of the soil. A certain degree of soil compaction can increase the contact area between seeds and soil, which is beneficial to the rooting and germination of seeds, and at the same time plays a role in moisture conservation, but excessive compaction will cause soil porosity to decrease, bulk density to increase, soil air permeability, Water permeability decreases (Nie Fahui, 2008), and the penetration resistance of plant roots increases; excessive compaction will reduce the contact area between mineral factors and water in the soil, greatly affect the mineralization of organic matter in the soil, and weaken the The mass flow and diffusion of ions; soil compaction will not only inhibit the existence of mycelium, weaken the beneficial activities of decomposers, reduce the number of fine roots of plants, but also cause the decrease of nutrient cycle, weaken the supply capacity of soil effective water and nutrients and cause plant "Malnutrition" phenomenon (Qiu Renhui, 2003). The impact of excessive soil compaction on plant growth is relatively hidden, and is often considered to be the obstacle of plant growth caused by other reasons. It is called the "invisible killer". Homework can be increased. Studies have shown that the increase in production efficiency brought about by agricultural mechanization is largely offset by the functional degradation of soil structure caused by soil compaction (Pengthamkeerati P, 2005).
过度压实在容重、孔隙度、水分、养分四方面对土壤结构造成影响。在复垦工程中，推土机、铲运卡车等重型设备会造成地表60cm厚土壤容重明显大于未扰动的土壤。国外研究表明，当利用推土机进行土地复垦作业时，复垦后土壤容重值达到1.55-1.60g/cm3，而原状土的土壤容重为1.35-1.53g/cm3，在不进行人工干预状况下需要12年的时间才能将过度压实土壤复原(刘晚苟,2001)。土壤空隙度和容重决定了土壤的压实度，大型机械作业会破坏土壤原有的供植物生长的合适的、连续的大孔隙网络，这些大孔隙网络能够提供空气的渗透、水的流动和根系的延伸(Potter K.N.1988)，进而使土壤“密而不透风”极大的影响了植物的生长。Excessive compaction affects soil structure in four aspects: bulk density, porosity, moisture, and nutrients. In the reclamation project, heavy equipment such as bulldozers and shovel trucks will cause the bulk density of the 60cm thick soil on the surface to be significantly greater than that of undisturbed soil. Foreign studies have shown that when bulldozers are used for land reclamation operations, the soil bulk density value after reclamation reaches 1.55-1.60g/cm3, while the soil bulk density of undisturbed soil is 1.35-1.53g/cm3. It takes 12 years to restore the over-compacted soil (Liu Wangou, 2001). Soil porosity and bulk density determine the degree of compaction of the soil. Large-scale mechanical operations will destroy the original suitable and continuous large-pore network for plant growth in the soil. These large-pore networks can provide air infiltration, water flow and root system. (Potter K.N.1988), which in turn makes the soil "dense and airtight" which greatly affects the growth of plants.
检测土壤压实度的方法有很多，常规方法有：环刀法、灌砂法、蜡封法、便携式土壤紧实度法。上述四种方法均需要对土壤进行开挖造成土壤扰动，且都属于抽样检测，检测结果要在实验室获得，无法实时准确的获得复垦土壤的压实程度，因此迫切需要一种可以无损实时获得土壤压实程度的方法。探地雷达(GPR)是一种以微波信号为载体，接收被探测物体反射的微波信号，通过对反射信号进行解析，进而得到被探测物体的理化性质的探测方法(曾昭发,2010)。它具有穿透性强、无损探测、可以实时解析获得需要的理化数据等优点，这些优点均为常规检测土壤压实度方法所不具备的，因此利用探地雷达来进行土壤压实度检测也成为压实度检测的一种新的探索。There are many methods to detect soil compaction, conventional methods include: ring knife method, sand filling method, wax seal method, portable soil compaction method. The above four methods all need to excavate the soil to cause soil disturbance, and all belong to sampling inspection. The inspection results must be obtained in the laboratory, and the compaction degree of the reclaimed soil cannot be obtained in real time and accurately. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a non-destructive real-time A method for obtaining the degree of soil compaction. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a detection method that uses microwave signals as the carrier to receive the microwave signals reflected by the detected objects, and then analyze the reflected signals to obtain the physical and chemical properties of the detected objects (Zeng Zhaofa, 2010). It has the advantages of strong penetration, non-destructive detection, and real-time analysis to obtain the required physical and chemical data. These advantages are not available in conventional methods for detecting soil compaction. It becomes a new exploration of compactness detection.
而探地雷达信号的反演通常基于试验模型的基础上，试验模型的精准程度，也直接决定了雷达信号反演压实度的精度，在此前提下，一种重构土壤压实模型的构建方法，能有如下难题需要解决：The inversion of ground-penetrating radar signals is usually based on the test model. The accuracy of the test model also directly determines the accuracy of the radar signal inversion of compaction. Under this premise, a reconstruction of the soil compaction model The construction method may have the following problems to be solved:
(1)试验模型的载体及环境：首先，该模型能够反映重构土壤的现状，必须具备同一的背景值，能够抵抗压实过程中土体的侧向压力；其次，土壤含水量对雷达回波信号的特征影响较大，如何最大限度的弱化含水量的影响，保证试验模型处于同一含水量条件，也必须解决。(1) The carrier and environment of the test model: first, the model can reflect the status of the reconstructed soil, must have the same background value, and be able to resist the lateral pressure of the soil during the compaction process; The characteristics of the wave signal have a great influence. How to minimize the influence of water content and ensure that the test model is in the same water content condition must also be solved.
(2)压实程度的级差：各模型之间必须具备有效的压实度级差，压实度级差过小，探地雷达回波信号可能没有反应，即便有反应，也有可能是载体环境不完全一致导致的；压实度级差过大，中间变量过少，无法进行后期数据的分析，其实施、反馈及优化方案需要解决。(2) Gradual difference in compaction degree: There must be an effective compaction degree difference between the models. If the compaction degree difference is too small, the GPR echo signal may not respond. Even if there is a response, the carrier environment may be incomplete. It is caused by the same; the degree of compaction is too large, the intermediate variables are too few, and the analysis of the later data cannot be carried out. Its implementation, feedback and optimization plan need to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于，提供一种重构土壤的精细压实模型的构建方法，进而为在探地雷达应用条件下，建立压实程度可识别、可区分的精细试验模型提供参考，试图为我国土地复垦工程的快速验收提供一个手段。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a fine compaction model of reconstructed soil, and then provide a reference for establishing a fine test model with identifiable and distinguishable compaction degrees under the application conditions of ground penetrating radar , trying to provide a means for the rapid acceptance of land reclamation projects in our country.
本发明的目的是以下述方式实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following manner:
一种重构土壤的精细压实模型的构建方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：A method for constructing a fine compaction model of reconstructed soil, said method comprising the following steps:
(1)搭建压实模型的刚性试验载体：所述刚性试验载体由一系列相连的凹槽组成，所述凹槽的深度大于农作物根系正常生长所需的重构土壤厚度，其抗压强度能够抵抗土体重量和附加载荷两者所产生的侧向压力；(1) Build the rigid test carrier of compaction model: described rigid test carrier is made up of a series of connected grooves, and the depth of described groove is greater than the required reconstruction soil thickness of crop root system normal growth, and its compressive strength can Resist the lateral pressure generated by both the weight of the soil mass and the additional load;
(2)安装传感器监测系统：各个凹槽底部安装有2至3个土压力计，所述土压力计通过电缆与主机相连；各个凹槽中部设有无线土壤水分传感器；(2) Install a sensor monitoring system: 2 to 3 earth pressure gauges are installed at the bottom of each groove, and the earth pressure gauge is connected to the host through a cable; a wireless soil moisture sensor is arranged in the middle of each groove;
(3)制备试验用土，搭建初始模型，具体包括：(3) Prepare the test soil and build the initial model, including:
步骤301)以土壤压实度为主控因子制备试验用土，控制土壤体积含水量在14％至16％之间；Step 301) Prepare test soil with soil compaction as the main control factor, and control the soil volume moisture content between 14% and 16%;
步骤302)将各个凹槽中的土体均充填至设计标高H设：其中一个凹槽直接充填原状土，无人为压实，原状土净重为mmin；其它凹槽中通过人为压实充填土体，第i个凹槽中所充填的土体质量为mmin×[1+(i-1)c]，i＝2,3,...n，c为初始充填系数，n为不大于(pc×V÷mmin-1)÷c的最大整数，ρc为试验用土的最大干密度，V为充填的体积；Step 302) Fill the soil in each groove to the design elevation H.Assume that one of the grooves is directly filled with undisturbed soil without artificial compaction, and the net weight of the undisturbed soil is mmin ; the other grooves are filled with artificially compacted soil body, the mass of soil filled in the i-th groove is mmin ×[1+(i-1)c], i=2,3,...n, c is the initial filling coefficient, and n is not greater than The maximum integer of (pc×V÷mmin -1)÷c, ρc is the maximum dry density of the test soil, and V is the filling volume;
步骤303)获取各凹槽中的无线土壤水分传感器的检测数据，利用多元统计法，在a＝0.05显著性水平下，分析所述检测数据的空间差异性是否显著，若是，转到步骤(4)；若否，将初始模型静置5至7天，然后重新获取各凹槽中的无线土壤水分传感器的检测数据，分析检测数据的空间差异性是否显著，若是，转到步骤(4)；若否，为避免土壤含水量不均一对压实信息的干扰，空间差异性显著的凹槽重复步骤(3)；Step 303) Obtain the detection data of the wireless soil moisture sensors in each groove, and use the multivariate statistical method to analyze whether the spatial difference of the detection data is significant at the a=0.05 significance level, if so, go to step (4 ); if not, leave the initial model for 5 to 7 days, then re-acquire the detection data of the wireless soil moisture sensor in each groove, analyze whether the spatial difference of the detection data is significant, if so, go to step (4); If not, in order to avoid the interference of uneven soil moisture content on the compaction information, repeat step (3) for grooves with significant spatial differences;
(4)采集探地雷达的双程走时tij和能量幅值的数据：(4) Collect the data of the two-way travel time tij and the energy amplitude of the ground penetrating radar:
单个凹槽采用静态采集方式，雷达天线分别在各凹槽的几何中心以及凹槽的四个边界中心位置停留，天线姿态保持不变；所有凹槽之间采用动态采集方式，雷达天线沿一测线匀速通过，所述测线在各凹槽的几何中心以及左右边界中心位置的三点连线左右5cm之间；A single groove adopts a static acquisition method, and the radar antenna stays at the geometric center of each groove and the center of the four boundaries of the groove, and the attitude of the antenna remains unchanged; between all grooves, a dynamic acquisition method is adopted, and the radar antenna The line passes through at a constant speed, and the measuring line is between the geometric center of each groove and the three-point line between the left and right boundary centers;
(5)根据探地雷达的采集数据，进行模型分类：以方差统计法分析单个凹槽的采集数据，检测凹槽几何中心以及四个边界中心位置这五点的双程走时tij变异系数CV是否在0～10％之间，若否，表明该凹槽压实程度不均匀，重复步骤(3)；若是，通过数据分割，分别计算雷达天线途经各凹槽时的平均双程走时tij和能量幅值，以tij为聚类因子，以最短距离法对上述数据进行聚类分析；(5) According to the collected data of ground penetrating radar, model classification is carried out: the collected data of a single groove is analyzed by the variance statistical method, and the two-way travel time tij variation coefficient CV of the five points of the geometric center of the groove and the four boundary centers is detected Whether it is between 0% and 10%, if not, it indicates that the degree of compaction of the groove is uneven, repeat step (3); if yes, through data segmentation, calculate the average two-way travel time tij of the radar antenna passing through each groove and energy amplitude, with tij as the clustering factor, the above data are clustered and analyzed by the shortest distance method;
(6)确定优化充填系数根据上述聚类分析结果，确定优化充填系数为单一数值或数组。(6) Determine the optimal filling coefficient According to the above cluster analysis results, determine the optimal filling coefficient as a single value or an array.
凹槽的材质选用电磁波非敏感材料。The material of the groove is selected from electromagnetic wave non-sensitive material.
凹槽的材质为混凝土，其厚度为5～10cm。The material of the groove is concrete, and its thickness is 5-10 cm.
凹槽的长、宽、高分别为0.8～1.5m、0.8～1.5m和0.5～1.0m。The length, width and height of the groove are respectively 0.8-1.5m, 0.8-1.5m and 0.5-1.0m.
凹槽上设有土压力计与主机相连的接口，所述接口高度与土压力计的顶部保持一致。The groove is provided with an interface connecting the earth pressure gauge with the host, and the height of the interface is consistent with the top of the earth pressure gauge.
所述初始充填系数c为0.10～0.20。The initial filling coefficient c is 0.10-0.20.
所述设计标高H设为50-70cm。The design elevation H isset to 50-70cm.
所述无线土壤水分传感器安装位置为土壤深度的1/2高度处。The wireless soil moisture sensor is installed at a height of 1/2 of the soil depth.
本发明的重构土壤的精细压实模型的构建方法，试图为探地雷达探测土壤压实度提供一种精细的室内模拟手段，该方法包括：搭建压实模型的刚性试验载体，组建试验载体的传感器监测系统，实现试验载体内部环境实时动态监测；在此基础上，以土壤压实度为主控因子，制备试验用土，采用不同的充填压实工艺，形成具有一定级差的、初始的压实度试验模型；采用高频探地雷达天线，“五点一线、静动结合”采集方式获取试验模型的雷达图像；利用方差统计法和聚类分析法对初始模型进行分类，根据分类结果，以聚类个数，确定优化的充填系数进而为建立压实度可识别、可区分的精细试验模型提供依据。The method for constructing the fine compaction model of the reconstructed soil of the present invention attempts to provide a kind of fine indoor simulation means for ground penetrating radar detection of soil compaction. The advanced sensor monitoring system realizes the real-time dynamic monitoring of the internal environment of the test carrier; on this basis, the soil compaction is the main control factor to prepare the test soil, and adopt different filling and compaction processes to form an initial compaction with a certain level difference. The solidity test model; the radar image of the test model is obtained by using the high-frequency ground-penetrating radar antenna and the acquisition method of "five points and one line, combining static and dynamic"; the initial model is classified by variance statistics method and cluster analysis method, and according to the classification results , with the number of clusters, determine the optimized filling coefficient Then it provides a basis for establishing a fine test model with identifiable and distinguishable compaction degree.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的压实模型构建的流程图；Fig. 1 is the flow chart that compaction model of the present invention builds;
图2为本发明中试验载体示意图；Fig. 2 is test carrier schematic diagram among the present invention;
图3为本发明中数据采集方式示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the data collection method in the present invention.
其中，21、试验载体(凹槽)的外侧；22、试验载体(凹槽)的内侧；23、刻度尺(线)；24、充填标高线；25、土压力计；26、接口；27、无线土壤水分传感器；31、单个试验载体的轮廓线；32、载体间的水泥间隔；33、静态采集方式的“五点”；34、动态采集方式的测线。Among them, 21. The outside of the test carrier (groove); 22. The inside of the test carrier (groove); 23. Scale (line); 24. Filling elevation line; 25. Earth pressure gauge; 26. Interface; 27. Wireless soil moisture sensor; 31. The contour line of a single test carrier; 32. The cement interval between carriers; 33. The "five points" of the static collection method; 34. The survey line of the dynamic collection method.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明的流程图如图1所示，所述方法包括以下步骤：Flow chart of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, and described method comprises the following steps:
第一步：搭建压实模型的刚性试验载体Step 1: Build a rigid test carrier for the compaction model
所述试验的载体由多个形状相同、上空的凹槽组成；凹槽材质为电磁波非敏感材料，且必须能够抵抗土体的侧向压力，优选地材质为混凝土；为减少试验用土的用量，凹槽优选地尺寸长、宽、深分别为0.8～1.5m、0.8～1.5m和0.5～1.0m。The carrier of the test is composed of multiple grooves with the same shape and space above; the material of the grooves is electromagnetic wave insensitive material, and must be able to resist the lateral pressure of the soil, preferably the material is concrete; in order to reduce the amount of soil used in the test, The groove preferably has a length, width and depth of 0.8-1.5m, 0.8-1.5m and 0.5-1.0m, respectively.
具体步骤如下：Specific steps are as follows:
首先，利用水准仪精确整平场地，建成一条平整的水泥过道，最大高差较差不超过3mm；First, use a level to accurately level the site and build a smooth cement aisle with a maximum height difference of no more than 3mm;
其次，在过道上，利用双层挡板形成一系列相连的凹槽模具，内外挡板间预留10cm的空隙，用以充填混凝土。各内侧挡板的东西间距、南北间距以及深度应保持一致；最后，待载体预制一周后，取出挡板，并在各载体的内壁上绘制或粘贴刻度尺(线)，以mm为最小刻度。Secondly, on the aisle, a series of connected groove molds are formed by using double-layer baffles, and a 10cm gap is reserved between the inner and outer baffles for filling with concrete. The east-west spacing, north-south spacing, and depth of each inner baffle should be consistent; finally, after the carrier is prefabricated for a week, take out the baffle, and draw or paste a scale (line) on the inner wall of each carrier, with mm as the minimum scale.
如图1所示，21为试验载体(凹槽)的外侧，22为试验载体(凹槽)的内侧，23为刻度尺(线)，24为充填标高线。As shown in Figure 1, 21 is the outer side of the test carrier (groove), 22 is the inner side of the test carrier (groove), 23 is the scale (line), and 24 is the filling elevation line.
第二步：安装传感器监测系统Step Two: Install the Sensor Monitoring System
试验载体底部安装有2～3个土压力计，土压力计通过电缆与主机相连，用以记录不同压实程度下土体的压力；试验载体中部安置有无线土壤水分传感器，传感器安装位置高度可调，以重构土壤深度的1/2为宜。There are 2 to 3 earth pressure gauges installed at the bottom of the test carrier, and the earth pressure gauges are connected to the main engine through cables to record the pressure of the soil under different compaction degrees; a wireless soil moisture sensor is installed in the middle of the test carrier, and the sensor installation position can be adjusted at a height of It is advisable to reconstitute 1/2 of the soil depth.
实施过程中，凹槽的底部预留有土压力计安置模块，前侧下方还有土压力计与主机相连的接口，接口高度与土压力计的顶部保持一致。During the implementation process, an earth pressure gauge placement module is reserved at the bottom of the groove, and there is an interface connecting the earth pressure gauge to the main engine under the front side, and the height of the interface is consistent with the top of the earth pressure gauge.
如图2所示，25为土压力计，26为接口，27为无线土壤水分传感器。As shown in FIG. 2 , 25 is an earth pressure gauge, 26 is an interface, and 27 is a wireless soil moisture sensor.
第三步：制备试验用土，初定充填系数The third step: prepare the test soil and preliminarily determine the filling coefficient
以土壤压实度为主控因子，制备试验用土，严格控制土壤体积含水量，使其在一定范围内小幅震荡；初定充填系数c，在试验载体中，通过不同的充填压实工艺，进而使各载体中的土体具有不同的压实程度。Taking the degree of soil compaction as the main control factor, prepare the soil for the test, strictly control the volumetric water content of the soil, and make it slightly oscillate within a certain range; initially determine the filling coefficient c, in the test carrier, through different filling and compaction processes, and then Make the soil in each carrier have different degrees of compaction.
在本例中，首先要将土样进行过筛，称重；按照一定体积含水量w，计算所需的水量；将水与土壤进行充分搅拌，形成试验用土。本实例中，w取值为(15±1)％。In this example, the soil sample should first be sieved and weighed; the required amount of water should be calculated according to a certain volume of water content w; the water and soil should be fully mixed to form the test soil. In this example, the value of w is (15±1)%.
其次，采用不同的充填工艺：其中第一个凹槽直接充填原状土，无人为压实，原状土净重为mmin，稳定后充填至设计标高H设；其它凹槽中通过人为压实充填土体，第i个凹槽中所充填的土体质量为mmin×[1+(i-1)c]，i＝2,3,...n，c为初始充填系数，n为不大于(pc×V÷mmin-1)÷c的最大整数，ρc为试验用土的最大干密度，V为充填的体积，亦充填至设计标高H设，具体做法是在凹槽的土体上放置一块铁板，置于水平状态，利用夯锤使铁板至设计标高；当充填土体的质量趋近于最大回填量时mmin(1+ic)→pc×V，土体接近最大压实状态，初始模型搭建完成。Secondly, different filling techniques are used: the first groove is directly filled with undisturbed soil without artificial compaction, the net weight of undisturbed soil is mmin , and it is filled to the design elevation H after stabilization;the other grooves are filled with artificially compacted soil body, the mass of soil filled in the i-th groove is mmin ×[1+(i-1)c], i=2,3,...n, c is the initial filling coefficient, and n is not greater than The maximum integer of (pc×V÷mmin -1)÷c, ρc is the maximum dry density of the test soil, V is the filling volume, and it is also filled to the design elevation H. The specific methodis to place Put an iron plate in a horizontal state, and use a tamper to bring the iron plate to the design elevation; when the quality of the filled soil approaches the maximum backfilling amount, mmin (1+ic)→pc×V, the soil is close to the maximum compaction status, the initial model is built.
本例的回填系数c为0.15，考虑到重构土壤的厚度应满足农作物根系生长的需要，充填标高H设为70cm。The backfill coefficient c in this example is 0.15. Considering that the thickness of the reconstituted soil should meet the needs of crop root growth, the filling elevation H isset to 70cm.
第四步：“五点一线、静动结合”的探地雷达数据采集Step 4: GPR data collection of "five points and one line, combination of static and dynamic"
模型静置后，土压力计的读数应具有“单体一致性、群体差异性”的特征；在此基础上，针对模型特点，设计“五点一线、静动结合”数据采集方式；以“先单体、后群体”顺序开展，单体试验模型采用静态的“五点”数据采集方式，群体试验模型采用动态的“一线”数据采集方式。After the model rests, the readings of the earth pressure gauge should have the characteristics of "single consistency and group difference". "Single first, then group" is carried out sequentially. The single test model adopts the static "five points" data collection method, and the group test model adopts the dynamic "first-line" data collection method.
本例中，为避免载体中土壤水分差异对雷达回波信号的影响，在进行雷达数据采集之前，模型静置的时间为5-7天，以便所有无线土壤水分传感器的数据还应接近一致，空间差异性不显著(p<0.05)。In this example, in order to avoid the influence of the difference of soil moisture in the carrier on the radar echo signal, before the radar data collection, the model rested for 5-7 days, so that the data of all wireless soil moisture sensors should be close to the same. The spatial difference was not significant (p<0.05).
实施过程中，静态采集方式，雷达天线分别在各试验模型的左边界、中心以及右边界这三点停留，天线姿态保持不变，单点单次采集时间10s；动态采集时，在整体的试验模型上方敷设一个木板，将各试验模型的左边界、中心以及右边界三点投影在木板上，其连线即为动态采集的测线。During the implementation process, in the static acquisition mode, the radar antenna stays at the left boundary, the center and the right boundary of each test model respectively, the attitude of the antenna remains unchanged, and the single acquisition time of a single point is 10s; A wooden board is laid above the model, and the three points of the left boundary, center and right boundary of each test model are projected on the wooden board, and the connecting line is the dynamically collected survey line.
整体的试验模型投影如图3所示，31为单个试验载体的轮廓线，32为载体间的水泥间隔，33为静态采集方式的“五点”，34为动态采集方式的测线。The overall test model projection is shown in Figure 3, 31 is the contour line of a single test carrier, 32 is the cement interval between carriers, 33 is the "five points" of the static acquisition method, and 34 is the survey line of the dynamic acquisition method.
第五步：模型分类方法设计Step 5: Model classification method design
针对所述数据的采集方式，以回波信号的能量幅值为定性参数、双程走时为定量参数，设计模型分类方法。其中，以方差统计法分析“五点”静态数据，以聚类分析法分析“一线”动态数据。According to the data collection method, the energy amplitude of the echo signal is used as a qualitative parameter, and the two-way travel time is used as a quantitative parameter to design a model classification method. Among them, the statistical method of variance is used to analyze the static data of the "five points", and the dynamic data of the "front line" is analyzed by the method of cluster analysis.
为保证单体试验模型的一致性和群体的差异性，静态数据中双程走时tij的变异系数CV为0～10％；动态数据中双程走时tmn，采用最短距离进行聚类分析。In order to ensure the consistency of individual test models and group differences, the coefficient of variation CV of the two-way travel time tij in the static data is 0-10%; in the dynamic data, the two-way travel time tmn is clustered using the shortest distance.
第六步：确定最优化的充填系数Step 6: Determine the optimal filling factor
根据聚类分析结果，以聚类个数，合并c值，确定优化的充填系数为单一数值或数组，进而为在探地雷达应用条件下，建立压实程度可识别、可区分的精细试验模型提供参考。According to the cluster analysis results, the optimized filling coefficient is determined by combining the c value with the number of clusters It is a single value or an array, and then provides a reference for establishing a fine test model with identifiable and distinguishable compaction degrees under the application conditions of ground penetrating radar.
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明整体构思前提下，还可以作出若干改变和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围。What has been described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some changes and improvements can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be regarded as the present invention. scope of protection.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610599586.7ACN106018754B (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2016-07-27 | A kind of construction method for the fine compaction model for reconstructing soil |
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| CN201610599586.7ACN106018754B (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2016-07-27 | A kind of construction method for the fine compaction model for reconstructing soil |
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