技术领域technical field
本发明涉及煤化工技术领域，尤其涉及一种煤热解与气化的耦合工艺及装置。The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, in particular to a coal pyrolysis and gasification coupling process and device.
背景技术Background technique
我国是一个缺油少气、煤炭资源相对丰富的国家，煤炭占据一次能源的65％以上，目前我国的煤炭产量和消费总量均列世界首位，且煤炭产量仍呈逐年上升趋势。然而，在我国现有的煤炭资源中有一半以上是低阶煤，由于低阶煤通常具有高氧含量、高水分、稳定性差及热值低等特点，因而难以作为大规模的工业气化原料，更多的是仅仅用作局部地区的动力燃料，但低阶煤燃烧所产生的大量污染物的排放，导致现阶段我国正面临着能源供应安全和环境保护的双重压力，因此，研究与开发洁净煤技术刻不容缓。my country is a country short of oil and gas, and relatively rich in coal resources. Coal accounts for more than 65% of primary energy. At present, my country's coal production and total consumption rank first in the world, and coal production is still showing an upward trend year by year. However, more than half of the existing coal resources in my country are low-rank coals. Because low-rank coals usually have the characteristics of high oxygen content, high moisture, poor stability and low calorific value, they are difficult to be used as raw materials for large-scale industrial gasification. , and more are only used as power fuels in local areas, but the discharge of a large amount of pollutants produced by the combustion of low-rank coal has led to the dual pressure of energy supply security and environmental protection in my country at this stage. Therefore, research and development Clean coal technology is urgent.
迄今为止，低阶煤的高效洁净转化技术是洁净煤技术的核心，也必将是未来的发展方向。通过热解将低阶煤转化成高热值的半焦、同时获取热解煤气和焦油的煤热解提质工艺是实现低阶煤洁净转化的有效途径，但目前国内外对低阶煤热解提质技术的研究多数仍不够成熟，尚处于试验或示范阶段，例如中国专利文献CN104762097A公开了一种低阶粉煤热解提质方法，该方法将粒度≤30mm的原料粉煤送入带除尘功能的回转干燥炉中，在对原料粉煤加热干燥的同时一并除去粉煤中粒度＜0.5mm的煤尘，粒度为0.5-30mm的干燥煤在外热式回转热解炉中发生热解反应生成提质煤和高温油气，高温油气经油气回收系统处理后得热解煤气、热解水和煤焦油，其中热解煤气经加热至150-450℃后返回至回转热解炉中；回转干燥炉排出的干燥气经分离煤尘、降温回收干燥水等处理后、再经加压、升温而返回至回转干燥炉中；粒度＜0.5mm的煤尘补充粉煤后进入煤气发生系统而转化成燃料气，再经热风炉产生800-1000℃烟气，作为外热式回转热解炉的热源。So far, the high-efficiency and clean conversion technology of low-rank coal is the core of clean coal technology, and it will also be the future development direction. The coal pyrolysis upgrading process, which converts low-rank coal into semi-coke with high calorific value and simultaneously obtains pyrolysis gas and tar, is an effective way to achieve clean conversion of low-rank coal. Most of the research on upgrading technology is still immature and still in the experimental or demonstration stage. For example, Chinese patent document CN104762097A discloses a low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis upgrading method. In the rotary drying furnace with high function, the coal dust with a particle size of <0.5mm in the pulverized coal is removed while the raw pulverized coal is heated and dried, and the dry coal with a particle size of 0.5-30mm undergoes pyrolysis reaction in the external heating rotary pyrolysis furnace Produce upgraded coal and high-temperature oil and gas. After the high-temperature oil and gas are processed by the oil and gas recovery system, pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis water and coal tar are obtained. The pyrolysis gas is heated to 150-450°C and then returned to the rotary pyrolysis furnace; rotary drying The drying gas discharged from the furnace is treated by separating coal dust, cooling and recovering dry water, etc., and then returns to the rotary drying furnace after being pressurized and heated; the coal dust with a particle size of <0.5mm supplements pulverized coal and enters the gas generation system to be converted into The fuel gas is then passed through the hot blast stove to generate flue gas at 800-1000°C, which is used as the heat source of the externally heated rotary pyrolysis furnace.
上述技术通过采用带除尘功能的回转干燥炉，在对原料粉煤进行干燥的同时可除去粉煤中粒度＜0.5mm的煤尘，从而能够减少进入热解炉的煤尘的量，由此使得煤焦油产品中的煤尘含量少，提高了煤焦油的品质。但该技术仍然存在以下不足：其一，只能处理粒度≤30mm的粉煤，而无法实现原料煤的全粒径进料，使得上述提质方法具有很大的局限性；其二，对于粒度≤30mm的粉煤而言，粒度＜0.5mm的煤尘占3～15％，这些煤尘气化所产生的煤气的热量根本不足以使粒度为0.5-30mm的干燥煤热解，因而还需将气化煤气燃烧使其转化为高温烟气，再利用该高温烟气作为外热式热解炉的热源，可见上述技术不能直接利用气化煤气的高温显热，存在着换热效率差、能效低的缺陷；其三，由于热解煤气原本就是从热解炉排出的，因而再将热解煤气循环至热解炉的这过程并不会显著改变热解炉内的氢气浓度，所以上述方法的煤焦油收率很难提高。鉴于此，如何对现有的煤热解与气化的耦合工艺进行改进以克服上述不足，对于本领域技术人员而言依旧是一个亟待解决的技术难题。The above-mentioned technology adopts a rotary drying furnace with a dust removal function, which can remove the coal dust with a particle size of <0.5mm in the pulverized coal while drying the raw pulverized coal, thereby reducing the amount of coal dust entering the pyrolysis furnace, thus enabling The coal dust content in coal tar products is less, which improves the quality of coal tar. However, this technology still has the following deficiencies: first, it can only process pulverized coal with a particle size of ≤30mm, and cannot realize the full particle size feeding of raw coal, which makes the above-mentioned upgrading method have great limitations; second, for particle size For pulverized coal with a particle size of ≤30mm, coal dust with a particle size of <0.5mm accounts for 3-15%. Combusting the gasification gas to convert it into high-temperature flue gas, and then using the high-temperature flue gas as the heat source of the external heat pyrolysis furnace, it can be seen that the above-mentioned technology cannot directly use the high-temperature sensible heat of the gasification gas, and there are poor heat transfer efficiency, The defect of low energy efficiency; third, since the pyrolysis gas is originally discharged from the pyrolysis furnace, the process of recycling the pyrolysis gas to the pyrolysis furnace will not significantly change the hydrogen concentration in the pyrolysis furnace, so the above-mentioned The coal tar yield of method is difficult to improve. In view of this, how to improve the existing coupling process of coal pyrolysis and gasification to overcome the above shortcomings is still a technical problem to be solved urgently for those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明解决的技术问题在于克服现有的煤热解气化耦合工艺所存在的能耗高、煤焦油收率低且品质差、无法适用于全粒度原料煤的缺陷，进而提供一种能耗小、煤焦油收率高且品质好、可实现原料煤全粒径进料的煤热解气化耦合工艺及装置。The technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of high energy consumption, low coal tar yield and poor quality, and inapplicability to full-grain raw coal in the existing coal pyrolysis and gasification coupling process, thereby providing an energy-consuming Coal pyrolysis and gasification coupling process and device that are small in size, high in coal tar yield and good in quality, and can realize full particle size feeding of raw coal.
为此，本发明实现上述目的的技术方案为：For this reason, the technical scheme that the present invention realizes the above-mentioned purpose is:
一种煤热解气化耦合工艺，包括如下步骤：A coal pyrolysis gasification coupling process, comprising the following steps:
(1)将原料煤筛分，得到粒度<6mm的粉煤和粒度≥6mm的原煤；(1) Sieving the raw coal to obtain pulverized coal with a particle size of <6mm and raw coal with a particle size≥6mm;
(2)将所述粒度<6mm的粉煤气化形成热煤气，所述热煤气经除尘后得到净化煤气；(2) Gasifying the pulverized coal with particle size<6mm to form hot coal gas, which is purified gas after dedusting;
(3)对所述粒度≥6mm的原煤进行干燥处理得干燥煤，所述干燥煤与步骤(2)中的净化煤气直接接触以利用所述净化煤气对所述干燥煤进行干馏处理，产生半焦和热解气。(3) Drying the raw coal with particle size ≥ 6mm to obtain dry coal, the dry coal is in direct contact with the purified gas in step (2) so as to use the purified gas to carry out dry distillation treatment on the dry coal to produce half Coke and pyrolysis gas.
采用150～350℃的热烟气作为干燥环节的热源，干燥后的烟气经除尘降温处理，得到净化冷却烟气和煤尘；The hot flue gas at 150-350°C is used as the heat source in the drying process, and the dried flue gas is dedusted and cooled to obtain purified and cooled flue gas and coal dust;
步骤(2)在得到所述净化煤气的同时也获得了煤尘。Step (2) also obtains coal dust while obtaining the purified gas.
将所述煤尘气化以产生热煤气，所述热煤气用作干馏环节的热源。The coal dust is gasified to produce hot coal gas, which is used as a heat source for the retort stage.
所述净化冷却烟气与步骤(3)中的半焦发生热交换，以将所述半焦的温度降低至100℃以下并得到热烟气，将所述热烟气循环至所述干燥环节中。The purified and cooled flue gas exchanges heat with the semi-coke in step (3), so as to reduce the temperature of the semi-coke to below 100°C and obtain hot flue gas, which is circulated to the drying link middle.
对所述热解气进行冷却净化处理，得到焦油、冷煤气和粉焦。The pyrolysis gas is cooled and purified to obtain tar, cold gas and powdered coke.
所述冷煤气经燃烧产生的烟气与热交换环节中的热烟气混合后返回至所述干燥环节中。The flue gas generated by the combustion of the cold coal gas is mixed with the hot flue gas in the heat exchange link and then returned to the drying link.
将所述粉焦气化以产生热煤气，作为所述干馏环节的热源。The powdered coke is gasified to generate hot gas, which is used as a heat source for the dry distillation link.
一种煤热解气化耦合装置，包括：A coupling device for coal pyrolysis and gasification, comprising:
筛分装置，其设置有第一出口和第二出口，所述第一出口用于排出粒度<6mm的粉煤，所述第二出口用于排出粒度≥6mm的原煤；A screening device, which is provided with a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is used to discharge pulverized coal with a particle size of <6 mm, and the second outlet is used to discharge raw coal with a particle size of ≥6 mm;
气化炉，其进口与所述第一出口连接设置，所述气化炉的出口与高温除尘装置相连接；A gasification furnace, the inlet of which is connected to the first outlet, and the outlet of the gasification furnace is connected to a high-temperature dust removal device;
固定床热解炉，其内部设置有依次连通的干燥段、干馏段和冷却段，所述干燥段与所述第二出口连接设置，所述干馏段与所述高温除尘装置的气体出口相连通，在所述干馏段还设置有热解气出口和半焦出口。A fixed-bed pyrolysis furnace, which is provided with a drying section, a dry distillation section and a cooling section connected in sequence, the drying section is connected to the second outlet, and the dry distillation section is connected to the gas outlet of the high-temperature dust removal device , a pyrolysis gas outlet and a semi-coke outlet are also provided in the dry distillation section.
在所述干燥段设置有烟气进口和烟气出口，与所述烟气出口连接设置有除尘降温装置，所述除尘降温装置的气体出口与所述冷却段相连通；A flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are provided in the drying section, and a dust removal and cooling device is connected to the flue gas outlet, and the gas outlet of the dust removal and cooling device is connected to the cooling section;
所述冷却段还设置有热烟气出口，所述热烟气出口与所述干燥段的烟气进口相连接。The cooling section is also provided with a hot flue gas outlet, and the hot flue gas outlet is connected with the flue gas inlet of the drying section.
与所述热解气出口连通设置有冷却净化装置，所述冷却净化装置设置有焦油出口、冷煤气出口和粉焦出口；A cooling and purification device is provided in communication with the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the cooling and purification device is provided with a tar outlet, a cold gas outlet and a powdered coke outlet;
所述粉焦出口、所述高温除尘装置的煤尘出口及所述除尘降温装置的煤尘出口分别与所述气化炉的进口相连接；The coke powder outlet, the coal dust outlet of the high-temperature dedusting device, and the coal dust outlet of the dust removal and cooling device are respectively connected to the inlet of the gasifier;
与所述冷煤气出口连接设置有燃烧装置，所述燃烧装置的出气口与所述热烟气出口相连接。A combustion device is connected to the cold gas outlet, and the gas outlet of the combustion device is connected to the hot flue gas outlet.
本发明的上述技术方案具有如下优点：The technical scheme of the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明所述的煤热解气化耦合工艺，首创性地利用煤气化所产生的热煤气作为干馏环节的热源，通过将热煤气与干燥煤直接接触，以利用热煤气的高温显热对干燥煤进行干馏处理，使得干燥煤发生热解产生半焦和热解气。与现有技术将热煤气燃烧所产生的烟气用作外热式热解炉的热源相比，本发明的工艺采用热煤气与干燥煤直接接触的方式，一方面可充分利用热煤气的高温显热，同时也有利于提高换热效率，从而大幅降低了整个工艺的能耗，本发明所述工艺的能耗与现有技术相比可下降10％；另一方面由于气化热煤气中的氢气含量高、浓度大，这一富氢气氛有利于促进焦油在干馏过程中的释放，从而可显著提高焦油的收率，与现有技术相比，本发明的工艺中焦油的产率增加了10％左右。再加之本发明只对粒度≥6mm的原煤进行干馏处理，因而减少了原煤中的煤粉含量，使得干馏产品中的粉尘量锐减，由此也提高了焦油的品质。1. The coupling process of coal pyrolysis and gasification described in the present invention utilizes the hot coal gas produced by coal gasification as the heat source of the dry distillation link for the first time, and utilizes the high-temperature sensible heat of the hot coal gas by directly contacting the hot coal gas with the dry coal The dried coal is subjected to dry distillation treatment, so that the dry coal is pyrolyzed to produce semi-coke and pyrolysis gas. Compared with the prior art that uses the flue gas produced by hot gas combustion as the heat source of the external heating pyrolysis furnace, the process of the present invention adopts the method of direct contact between hot gas and dry coal, on the one hand, it can make full use of the high temperature of the hot gas Sensible heat is also conducive to improving heat exchange efficiency, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption of the entire process. Compared with the prior art, the energy consumption of the process of the present invention can be reduced by 10%; The hydrogen content is high and the concentration is large. This hydrogen-rich atmosphere is conducive to promoting the release of tar in the dry distillation process, thereby significantly improving the yield of tar. Compared with the prior art, the yield of tar in the process of the present invention increases by about 10%. In addition, the present invention only conducts dry distillation on raw coal with particle size ≥ 6mm, thereby reducing the content of coal powder in the raw coal and sharply reducing the amount of dust in dry distillation products, thus improving the quality of tar.
并且，本发明的工艺通过对原料煤筛分以将其分为粒度<6mm的粉煤和粒度≥6mm的原煤，再对上述粉煤和原煤分别进行气化和干馏处理，由此使得本发明的工艺能够处理全粒度范围的原料煤，与现有技术只能处理粒度在30mm以下的粉煤相比，本发明的工艺实现了原料煤的全粒径进料，因而非常适于大规模推广与应用。Moreover, the process of the present invention divides the raw coal into pulverized coal with a particle size of <6 mm and raw coal with a particle size of ≥6 mm by screening the raw coal, and then performs gasification and dry distillation on the pulverized coal and raw coal respectively, thereby making the raw coal of the present invention The process of the present invention can handle raw coal with a particle size range, compared with the prior art that can only process pulverized coal with a particle size below 30 mm, the process of the present invention realizes the full particle size feed of raw coal, so it is very suitable for large-scale promotion with application.
2、本发明所述的煤热解气化耦合工艺，对粒度≥6mm的原煤进行干燥处理时所采用的热烟气外排后经除尘降温处理所形成的净化冷却烟气可用于冷却半焦，由此获得的热烟气可返回至干燥环节作为干燥的热源，使得本发明的工艺能够实现干燥、冷却环节的烟气循环利用，从而进一步降低了整个工艺的系统能耗。2. In the coupling process of coal pyrolysis and gasification described in the present invention, the hot flue gas used for drying the raw coal with particle size ≥ 6mm is discharged and the purified cooling flue gas formed by dust removal and cooling treatment can be used to cool semi-coke The hot flue gas thus obtained can be returned to the drying link as a heat source for drying, so that the process of the present invention can realize the recycling of flue gas in the drying and cooling links, thereby further reducing the system energy consumption of the entire process.
3、本发明所述的煤热解气化耦合工艺，还可对除尘环节所分离出的煤尘、及热解气净化环节所分离出的粉焦进行气化处理，以将工艺本身所产生的废弃物再利用而转化为热煤气，不仅解决了煤尘和粉焦难以利用的问题，更重要的是最大程度地降低了系统能耗，使得本发明的工艺能效达到最高。3. The coal pyrolysis gasification coupling process described in the present invention can also perform gasification treatment on the coal dust separated from the dust removal link and the powdered coke separated from the pyrolysis gas purification link, so as to convert the coal dust produced by the process itself The reutilization of waste into hot coal gas not only solves the problem that coal dust and powder coke are difficult to utilize, but more importantly reduces the energy consumption of the system to the greatest extent, so that the process energy efficiency of the present invention reaches the highest.
4、本发明所述的煤热解气化耦合装置，通过将气化炉的出口与高温除尘装置相连接，再将高温除尘装置的气体出口与干馏段连接设置，这样来自气化炉的热煤气经除尘后便可直接进入干馏段，并最终与热解气一起进入冷却净化装置，由此使得本发明的耦合装置不必单独设置热煤气的净化装置，因而节省了设备投资及占地面积，降低了系统能耗。4. In the coal pyrolysis gasification coupling device of the present invention, the outlet of the gasification furnace is connected to the high-temperature dedusting device, and then the gas outlet of the high-temperature dedusting device is connected to the dry distillation section, so that the heat from the gasification furnace The coal gas can directly enter the dry distillation section after dedusting, and finally enter the cooling and purification device together with the pyrolysis gas, so that the coupling device of the present invention does not need to be separately equipped with a hot gas purification device, thus saving equipment investment and floor space. Reduced system energy consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the specific implementation or description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings show some implementations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative work.
图1为本发明所述的煤热解气化耦合工艺的工艺流程图；Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of coal pyrolysis gasification coupling process of the present invention;
图2为本发明所述煤热解气化耦合装置的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of coal pyrolysis gasification coupling device described in the present invention;
其中，附图标记如下：Wherein, the reference signs are as follows:
1-筛分装置；2-气化炉；3-高温除尘装置；4-固定床热解炉；41-干燥段；42-干馏段；43-冷却段；5-除尘降温装置；6-冷却净化装置。1-screening device; 2-gasifier; 3-high temperature dedusting device; 4-fixed bed pyrolysis furnace; 41-drying section; 42-distillation section; 43-cooling section; Purification device.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，或通过中间媒介间接相连，也可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。此外，下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be Direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediary, can also be internal communication between two elements. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict with each other.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本实施例所述的煤热解气化耦合工艺，包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, the coal pyrolysis gasification coupling process described in this embodiment includes the following steps:
对原料煤进行筛分，将其分成粒度<6mm的粉煤和粒度≥6mm的原煤；其中：Sieve the raw coal and divide it into pulverized coal with a particle size of <6mm and raw coal with a particle size of ≥6mm; where:
所述粒度<6mm的粉煤进入气化炉中在气化剂的作用下发生气化，得到热煤气，所述热煤气经除尘后得到净化煤气，在本实施例中，所述气化炉为循环流化床气化炉，所用的气化剂为空气，当然在其它实施例中也可根据需要选择使用富氧气体、氧气或氧气与水蒸气的混合气作为气化剂；The pulverized coal with a particle size of <6 mm enters the gasification furnace and is gasified under the action of a gasification agent to obtain hot coal gas. The hot coal gas is dedusted to obtain purified coal gas. In this embodiment, the gasification furnace It is a circulating fluidized bed gasifier, and the gasification agent used is air. Of course, in other embodiments, oxygen-enriched gas, oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and water vapor can also be selected as the gasification agent according to needs;
所述粒度≥6mm的原煤进入固定床热解炉中，在固定床热解炉的干燥段，采用150～350℃的热烟气对所述原煤进行干燥处理，得到干燥煤和含有水蒸汽及少量煤尘的干燥后的烟气；干燥后的烟气经除尘降温处理，分离得到净化冷却烟气和煤尘；而所述干燥煤则进入固定床热解炉的干馏段，与来自气化炉的净化煤气直接接触，利用净化煤气的高温显热对所述干燥煤进行干馏处理以使干燥煤发生热解，产生半焦和热解气，所述热解气经冷却净化处理得到焦油、冷煤气和粉焦，所述半焦与来自干燥段的所述净化冷却烟气发生热交换，以将所述半焦的温度降低至100℃以下作为半焦产品排出热解炉，同时还得到了250℃左右的热烟气。The raw coal with a particle size ≥ 6mm enters the fixed bed pyrolysis furnace, and in the drying section of the fixed bed pyrolysis furnace, the raw coal is dried with hot flue gas at 150-350°C to obtain dry coal and The dried flue gas of a small amount of coal dust; the dried flue gas is subjected to dust removal and cooling treatment, and the purified and cooled flue gas and coal dust are separated; and the dried coal enters the dry distillation section of the fixed bed pyrolysis furnace, and the direct contact with the purified gas of the furnace, and use the high-temperature sensible heat of the purified gas to carry out carbonization treatment on the dry coal to cause pyrolysis of the dry coal to produce semi-coke and pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is cooled and purified to obtain tar, Cold coal gas and powder coke, the semi-coke undergoes heat exchange with the purified and cooled flue gas from the drying section, so as to reduce the temperature of the semi-coke to below 100°C and discharge it out of the pyrolysis furnace as a semi-coke product, and at the same time obtain The hot flue gas at about 250°C is produced.
本实施例所述的煤热解气化耦合工艺，首创性地利用煤气化所产生的热煤气作为干馏环节的热源，通过将热煤气与干燥煤直接接触，以利用热煤气的高温显热对干燥煤进行干馏处理，使得干燥煤发生热解产生半焦和热解气。与现有技术将热煤气燃烧所产生的烟气用作外热式热解炉的热源相比，本实施例的工艺采用热煤气与干燥煤直接接触的方式，一方面可充分利用热煤气的高温显热，同时也有利于提高换热效率，从而大幅降低了整个工艺的能耗，本实施例所述工艺的能耗与现有技术相比可下降10％；另一方面由于气化热煤气中的氢气含量高、浓度大，这一富氢气氛有利于促进焦油在干馏过程中的释放，从而可显著提高焦油的收率，与现有技术相比，本实施例的工艺中焦油的产率增加了10％左右。再加之本实施例只对粒度≥6mm的原煤进行干馏处理，因而减少了原煤中的煤粉含量，使得干馏产品中的粉尘量锐减，由此也提高了焦油的品质。并且，本实施例的工艺通过对原料煤筛分以将其分为粒度<6mm的粉煤和粒度≥6mm的原煤，再对上述粉煤和原煤分别进行气化和干馏处理，由此使得本实施例的工艺能够处理全粒度范围的原料煤，与现有技术只能处理粒度在30mm以下的粉煤相比，本实施例的工艺实现了原料煤的全粒径进料，因而非常适于大规模推广与应用。The coal pyrolysis and gasification coupling process described in this embodiment pioneered the use of hot gas produced by coal gasification as a heat source in the carbonization process, and directly contacted the hot gas with dry coal to utilize the high temperature sensible heat of the hot gas to The dry coal is subjected to dry distillation, so that the dry coal is pyrolyzed to produce semi-coke and pyrolysis gas. Compared with the prior art which uses the flue gas produced by burning hot gas as the heat source of the external heating pyrolysis furnace, the process of this embodiment adopts the method of direct contact between hot gas and dry coal, on the one hand, it can make full use of the hot gas Sensible heat at high temperature is also conducive to improving heat exchange efficiency, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption of the entire process. The energy consumption of the process described in this embodiment can be reduced by 10% compared with the prior art; on the other hand, due to the heat of gasification The hydrogen content in the coal gas is high and the concentration is high. This hydrogen-rich atmosphere is conducive to promoting the release of tar during the carbonization process, thereby significantly increasing the yield of tar. Yield increased by around 10%. In addition, in this embodiment, only raw coal with particle size ≥ 6mm is subjected to carbonization treatment, thereby reducing the content of coal powder in the raw coal and sharply reducing the amount of dust in the carbonization product, thus improving the quality of tar. Moreover, the process of this embodiment screens the raw coal to divide it into pulverized coal with a particle size of <6 mm and raw coal with a particle size of ≥6 mm, and then performs gasification and dry distillation on the pulverized coal and raw coal respectively, thus making this The process of the embodiment can process raw coal with a full particle size range. Compared with the prior art that can only process pulverized coal with a particle size below 30mm, the process of this embodiment realizes the full particle size of the raw coal, so it is very suitable for Large-scale promotion and application.
为尽可能地降低整个工艺的系统能耗，作为优选的实施方式，可将固定床热解炉的冷却段产生的热烟气送入至干燥段，也可将上述冷煤气燃烧以产生高温烟气，再将其与热烟气混合至350℃后进入干燥段作为干燥环节的循环热源；与此同时，还可将除尘环节所分离出的煤尘、及热解气净化环节所分离出的粉焦送入气化炉中进行气化处理，以将工艺本身所产生的废弃物再利用而转化为热煤气，不仅解决了煤尘和粉焦难以利用的问题，更重要的是最大程度地降低了系统能耗，使得本发明的工艺能效达到最高。In order to reduce the system energy consumption of the whole process as much as possible, as a preferred embodiment, the hot flue gas generated in the cooling section of the fixed-bed pyrolysis furnace can be sent to the drying section, and the above-mentioned cold coal gas can also be burned to generate high-temperature flue gas gas, and then mix it with hot flue gas to 350°C and enter the drying section as a circulating heat source in the drying link; at the same time, the coal dust separated from the dust removal link and the pyrolysis gas purification link can also be separated The powdered coke is sent to the gasifier for gasification treatment, so as to reuse the waste generated by the process itself and convert it into hot gas, which not only solves the problem that coal dust and powdered coke are difficult to use, but more importantly, maximizes the The energy consumption of the system is reduced, so that the process energy efficiency of the present invention reaches the highest.
实施例2Example 2
如图2所示，本实施例所述的煤热解气化耦合装置包括：As shown in Figure 2, the coal pyrolysis gasification coupling device described in this embodiment includes:
筛分装置1，其设置有第一出口和第二出口，所述第一出口用于排出粒度<6mm的粉煤，所述第二出口用于排出粒度≥6mm的原煤；Screening device 1, which is provided with a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is used to discharge pulverized coal with a particle size of <6 mm, and the second outlet is used to discharge raw coal with a particle size of ≥6 mm;
气化炉2，其进口与所述第一出口连接设置，所述气化炉2的出口与高温除尘装置3相连接；A gasification furnace 2, the inlet of which is connected to the first outlet, and the outlet of the gasification furnace 2 is connected to a high-temperature dust removal device 3;
固定床热解炉4，其内部设置有依次连通的干燥段41、干馏段42和冷却段43，所述干燥段41与所述第二出口连接设置，所述干馏段42与所述高温除尘装置3的气体出口相连通，在所述干馏段42还设置有热解气出口和半焦出口。Fixed-bed pyrolysis furnace 4, which is provided with a drying section 41, a dry distillation section 42 and a cooling section 43 connected in sequence, the drying section 41 is connected to the second outlet, and the dry distillation section 42 is connected to the high-temperature dedusting The gas outlets of the device 3 are connected, and a pyrolysis gas outlet and a semi-coke outlet are also provided in the dry distillation section 42 .
本实施例所述的煤热解气化耦合装置，通过将气化炉的出口与高温除尘装置相连接，再将高温除尘装置的气体出口与干馏段连接设置，这样来自气化炉的热煤气经除尘后便可直接进入干馏段，并最终与热解气一起进入冷却净化装置，由此使得本实施例中的耦合装置不必单独设置热煤气的净化装置，因而节省了设备投资及占地面积，降低了系统能耗。The coal pyrolysis gasification coupling device described in this embodiment connects the outlet of the gasifier to the high-temperature dedusting device, and then connects the gas outlet of the high-temperature dedusting device to the dry distillation section, so that the hot coal gas from the gasifier After dedusting, it can directly enter the dry distillation section, and finally enter the cooling and purification device together with the pyrolysis gas, so that the coupling device in this embodiment does not need to be equipped with a separate purification device for hot gas, thus saving equipment investment and floor space , reducing system energy consumption.
作为可选择的实施方式，为尽可能地降低整个装置的系统能耗，在本实施例中，所述干燥段41设置有烟气进口和烟气出口，与所述烟气出口连接设置有除尘降温装置5，所述除尘降温装置5的气体出口与所述冷却段43相连通；所述冷却段43还设置有热烟气出口，所述热烟气出口与所述干燥段41的烟气进口相连接；与所述热解气出口连通设置有冷却净化装置6，所述冷却净化装置6设置有焦油出口、冷煤气出口和粉焦出口；所述粉焦出口、所述高温除尘装置3的煤尘出口及所述除尘降温装置5的煤尘出口分别与所述气化炉2的进口相连接；与所述冷煤气出口连接设置有燃烧装置(图2中未示出)，所述燃烧装置的出气口与所述热烟气出口相连接。As an optional implementation, in order to reduce the system energy consumption of the whole device as much as possible, in this embodiment, the drying section 41 is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, and is connected with the flue gas outlet to be provided with a dust removal Cooling device 5, the gas outlet of the dust removal and cooling device 5 is in communication with the cooling section 43; The inlet is connected; a cooling and purification device 6 is provided in communication with the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the cooling and purification device 6 is provided with a tar outlet, a cold gas outlet and a powder coke outlet; the powder coke outlet, the high-temperature dust removal device 3 The coal dust outlet of the coal dust outlet and the coal dust outlet of the dust removal and cooling device 5 are respectively connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace 2; a combustion device (not shown in Fig. 2 ) is arranged in connection with the cold coal gas outlet, and the The gas outlet of the combustion device is connected with the hot flue gas outlet.
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clear description, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description, other changes or changes in different forms can also be made. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or changes derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610479896.5ACN106010607A (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2016-06-27 | Coal pyrolysis and gasification coupling technology and device |
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| CN201610479896.5ACN106010607A (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2016-06-27 | Coal pyrolysis and gasification coupling technology and device |
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| CN201610479896.5APendingCN106010607A (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2016-06-27 | Coal pyrolysis and gasification coupling technology and device |
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