Background technique
Submerged plant planting and recovery technique are the key technologies of Ecological Restoration Project, repair water using aquatic macrophyteBody and sediment pollution are one of improvement, the effective way for adjusting and inhibiting water eutrophication.The entire growth course of submerged plantIt all lives in water, root, stem, leaf can absorb the nutriment in water, and its growth and development process is exactly to absorb nutrition in waterThe process of substance forms very huge environmental carrying capacity and strong self-purification capacity.And rhizosphere microorganism is degradable organicPollutant constantly purifies water and repairs bed mud.But for black smelly bed mud river, black smelly bed mud is not covered and is transformedProcessing, submerged plant are difficult to survive, and Ecological Restoration Project is difficult to promote and apply.But many natural shallow lake sediments pinesIt is soft, the content of organic matter is high, this special substrate be unfavorable for submerged plant growth field planting, generally cannot direct kind of planting submerged plant,Or submerged plant survival rate is low, Ecological Restoration Project is difficult to promote and apply.
Clay is a kind of soil seldom containing the grains of sand, having stickiness, can be used as environment-friendly type substrate transformation material and is applied to lakeSubstrate improvement project, but the clay of consolidation be easy it is hardened cause anaerobic environment, cause submerged plant root system to be difficult to grow and rot.The gap of substrate can be increased by the way that loose porous modified ceramic filter bulb is added, mineral improver kaolin, which is added, can accelerate bottom of pondThe conversion of organic matter or Humus, microelement can promote root system of plant field planting and growth, and modified ceramic filter bulb in kaolinThere is strong absorption property with kaolin, the nutritive salt such as adsorbable bed mud and Water, phosphorus are while repairing bed mud in situSubmerged plant primary growth provides nutrient source, and the biomembrane and submerged plant rhizosphere microorganism that ceramic filtration ball surface is formed are degradableMineralising organic matter.Oxygenation agent of the calper calcium peroxide as a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly simultaneously, can increase the dissolved oxygen of bed mud and bottom water bodyConcentration is conducive to improve water quality, accelerates the removal of organic matter in bed mud, further promote plant growth.The present invention is directed to pass throughClay, kaolin, enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb and calper calcium peroxide are mixed in a certain ratio and are applied to surface layer as substrate improved materialsIn the recovery project of soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, improves demonstration area living environment, makes it suitable for submerged plant growth,The problems such as effectively solving submerged plant survival hardly possible in the soft high organic bed mud pool lake of surface layer, easily floating, while having to bed mudThe pollutants such as machine object carry out absorption in situ, it is made to accelerate the recovery and building of the ecosystem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is be difficult to for the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in above-mentioned surface layer using restoration of the ecosystem workThe problem of journey is the substrate improved materials for being the provision of a kind of soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, material toolThere is the advantages that formula is reasonable, easy to use, low in cost, environmental-friendly, substrate improved effect is good, matrix is improved by substrate and is repairedGood living environment is built while rehydration body and bed mud for submerged plant growth.
Another object of the present invention is to be the provision of a kind of soft high organic bed mud shallow lake substrate in surface layer to changeThe preparation method of good timber material, the preparation method technological operation are simple, environmental-friendly.
Another object of the present invention is to be the provision of a kind of reparation of soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layerMethod, the restorative procedure is easy to operate, ecological, environmental protective, can improve substrate living environment, makes it suitable for submerged plant growth, effectivelyThe problems such as submerged plant is difficult to Survival and growth in the soft high organic bed mud in surface layer lake is solved, while to dirts such as bed mud organic mattersIt contaminates object and carries out removal in situ, be conducive to the recovery of water area ecological environment, it is made to accelerate the recovery of lake ecosystem and health hairExhibition.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, it by following raw material mass fractionIt is made:
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made of the mass fraction of following raw material:
The enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is the then addition using industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, clay as raw materialMagnesium slag enviroment protective ceramic made of the ingredients such as hole agent (granules of polystyrene) and binder (carboxymethyl cellulose and silica solution) are fired(related preparation detailed process is see ceramic journal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials stomata for filter bulbThe regulation of rate)；
The clay is soil seldom containing the grains of sand, having stickiness, has preferable plasticity.General clay is all by siliconHydrochlorate mineral are formed after weathering at the earth's surface.Ingredient is mainly silica and aluminium oxide, Se Bai and fire resisting, for prepare china clay itPrimary raw material；
The kaolin is that nature is common, a kind of very important clay mineral.Main component be kaolinite andHalloysite further includes a small amount of other ores and microelement.High, the good plasticity, firm with the soft Baidu of qualityNumerous physicochemical characteristics such as binding type, good antiacid dissolubility and lower cation exchange capacity (CEC).
A kind of substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, it by following mass fraction raw material(preferable range) is made:
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made of the raw material of following mass fraction:
A kind of substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, it by following mass fraction raw material(good range) is made:
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made of the raw material of following mass fraction:
A kind of substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, it by following mass fraction raw materialIt is made: (best range):
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made of the raw material of following mass fraction:
A kind of substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, it by following mass fraction raw material(optimum value) is made:
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made of the raw material of following mass fraction:
A kind of preparation method of the substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, the steps include:
1) raw material for selecting clay, kaolin, enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb and calper calcium peroxide to improve for substrate；
2) enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is placed in dilute hydrochloric acid mass fraction 5%-10% after impregnating 2-5h, is washed till with clear waterProperty, drying (moisture content is lower than 5%)；A kind of preparation of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is the prior art for process, and enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb isUsing industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, clay as raw material, then plus pore former (granules of polystyrene) and binder (carboxylicMethylcellulose and silica solution) etc. ingredients fire made of magnesium slag enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb (related preparation detailed process is see ceramicsJournal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, the regulation of the magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials porosity)；
3) by clay, kaolin, calper calcium peroxide and treated that ceramic filtration ball mixes by a certain percentage, substrate improvement is madeMaterial.
The dilute hydrochloric acid, i.e. mass fraction are lower than 20% hydrochloric acid.Colorless clear liquid.Highly acid.Irritant gasTaste.Belong to pharmaceutic adjuvant, pH value adjustment agent.It can be used for scale removal, produce carbon dioxide (laboratory preparation method).Glass should be placed inIt is sealed in glass bottle.
A kind of restorative procedure of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, the steps include:
It a) is that the close of 30-50cm knits bamboo stick (those skilled in the art in lakebed substrate improvement region setting heightCan prepare), it prevents the diffusion of improvement matrix and is lost；
B) the ecological matrix material prepared is uniformly spilled on lake surface and is sunk to lakebed, paving is spilt with a thickness of 10-20cm；
C) kind planting submerged plant improves region in substrate, is managed and conserves to submerged plant, rainy days or transparencyLower region increases water surface intensity of illumination 5000-10000lx, the trimming for carrying out plant leaf and the plant that decays by additional light sourceObject: the residual branch that rots, death or withered plant remove salvage.In the soft high organic bed mud lake of surface layer submerged plant atMotility rate up to 90% or more, repair area's water body be improved significantly, 15cm or more, bed mud surface layer (0- can be improved in water transparency10cm) organic matter, total nitrogen and total tp removal rate can reach 55%, 10% and 25% or more.
The submerged plant planting method are as follows: wrap up above-mentioned substrate improved materials with degradable nonwoven fabrics and be prepared into plantationSubmerged plant is transplanted in carrier by carrier, sheds in lake surface into river bed；
The submerged plant be water caltrop, eel grass, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu, hornwort, sheHappy algae and black algae is one such or two to eight kinds any combination.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and effect:
1, technological operation is simple, low in cost, environmental benefit and good in economic efficiency；
2, submerged plant in the soft high organic bed mud lake of surface layer can be effectively solved to be difficult to be colonized, be difficult to carry out ecology and repairThe problems such as journey of returning to work；
3, kaolin macro- and trace-element beneficial to biological growth and development containing there are many, is beneficial to determining for submerged plantThe stabilization of plant and procreation and water environment.Calper calcium peroxide can increase the dissolved oxygen concentration of bed mud and bottom water body, be conducive to improveWater quality accelerates the removal of organic matter in bed mud, further promotes plant growth.The porous structure of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb makes plant rootsSystem will not rot because of anoxic, and improvement substrate can adsorb in situ and accelerate the pollutants such as mineralising bed mud organic matter, and repair in situNutrient source is provided for submerged plant primary growth while multiple bed mud, promotes root system of plant field planting and growth, it is raw to be conducive to watersThe recovery and building of the entire ecosystem are accelerated in the recovery of state environment；
4, submerged plant survival rate is repaired area's water body and is obtained up to 90% or more in the soft high organic bed mud in surface layer lakeIt is obviously improved, 15cm or more can be improved in water transparency, and bed mud surface layer (0-10cm) organic matter, total nitrogen and total tp removal rate are reachableTo 55%, 10% and 25% or more.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, it by following mass fraction raw materialIt is made:
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made of the raw material of following mass fraction:
A kind of preparation method of the substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, the steps include:
1) raw material for selecting clay, kaolin, enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb and calper calcium peroxide to improve for substrate；
2) enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is placed in dilute hydrochloric acid (mass fraction 5%) after impregnating 5h, is washed till neutrality with clear water, driesIt is spare；Using industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, clay as raw material, then plus pore former (polyphenyl enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb isEthylene particle) and the ingredients such as binder (carboxymethyl cellulose and silica solution) fire made of magnesium slag enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb it is (relatedDetailed process is prepared see ceramic journal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, the regulation of the magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials porosity)；
3) clay, kaolin, calper calcium peroxide and treated ceramic filtration ball are mixed by above-mentioned mass percent, is prepared intoSubstrate improves ecological matrix material；
Using industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, Low-quality clay as raw material, then the enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb isThe ingredients such as pore former (granules of polystyrene) and binder (carboxymethyl cellulose and silica solution) are added to fire according to the above ratio(related preparation detailed process see ceramic journal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, the magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials porosityRegulation).
A kind of substrate improved materials of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, it by following mass fraction raw material(%) is made:
| Embodiment | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Clay | 70 | 70 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 62 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| Kaolin | 20 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 20 | 18 |
| Enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb | 18 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 12 | 18 | 15 | 16 | 18 |
| Calper calcium peroxide | 2 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| It is total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Its preparation step is same as Example 1.
A kind of restorative procedure of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in surface layer, the steps include:
1) bamboo stick is knitted in lakebed substrate improvement region setting height about 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 or the close of 50cm, prevents from changingThe diffusion of well-founded matter and loss；
2) present invention is implemented in the Ecological Restoration Area of the soft high organic bed mud shallow lake in Zhejiang Province surface layer,The host material prepared is uniformly spilled into lakebed on the demonstration area lake surface, paving spill with a thickness of 10 or 13 or 15 or 17 or20cm；
3) after paving spills 1 or 2d, above-mentioned substrate improved materials is wrapped up with degradable nonwoven fabrics and are prepared into plantation carrier, will be about5cm water caltrop, eel grass, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu, hornwort, waterweed and black algae seedling replanting arriveIn carrier, in lake surface uniformly shed into lakebed (planting density be 60 plants/m2).Initial planting rainy days or transparency lower region(transparency is less than 0.5m) increases water surface intensity of illumination 5000lx by additional light source, and carries out periodic monitoring and maintenance, plantsAfter the completion first 2 weeks, monitoring cycle was every 2 days 1 time, and the 3rd or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 week, 1 times a week, hereafter monitoring cycle isMonthly monitor 1 time.Monitoring index are as follows: submerged plant growth situation, cover degree, biomass etc..It is clear in time for field monitoring situationExcept the plant for salvaging rot residual branch and death or floating.
After plantation 6 months, water caltrop, eel grass, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu, hornwort, waterweedAnd black algae survival rate, up to 90%, planting area 70% is covered by water plant, lake reparation area bed mud surface layer (0-10cm) hasMachine object, total nitrogen and total tp removal rate respectively reach 55%, 10% and 20% or more.