技术领域technical field
本发明属于毫米波混合集成电路技术领域，具体涉及一种毫米波矩形波导与微带之间的转换电路，尤其是基于磁耦合原理的一种端接后馈式的矩形波导-微带过渡器件。The invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter-wave hybrid integrated circuits, and in particular relates to a conversion circuit between a millimeter-wave rectangular waveguide and a microstrip, in particular to a rear-terminated rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition device based on the principle of magnetic coupling .
背景技术Background technique
矩形波导因具有功率容量大、无辐射损耗、Q值高等特点，成为微波毫米波频段的重要传输媒介，而作为微波混合集成电路和微波单片集成电路基础的微带线，因具有体积小、重量轻、使用频带宽、可靠性高、制造成本低以及容易实现微带电路的小型化和集成化等特点，同样也是毫米波电路应用中十分重要的一种平面传输线。随着W波段单片集成电路在毫米波电路系统中的快速发展与应用，如何很好地实现矩形波导与微带线之间的过渡转换成为研究的前沿热点。Rectangular waveguide has become an important transmission medium in the microwave and millimeter wave band because of its large power capacity, no radiation loss, and high Q value. The microstrip line, which is the basis of microwave hybrid integrated circuits and microwave monolithic integrated circuits, has small size, It is also a very important planar transmission line in millimeter-wave circuit applications due to its light weight, wide frequency bandwidth, high reliability, low manufacturing cost, and easy miniaturization and integration of microstrip circuits. With the rapid development and application of W-band monolithic integrated circuits in millimeter-wave circuit systems, how to well realize the transition between rectangular waveguides and microstrip lines has become a research hotspot.
目前，国内外已发明以及在工程应用中应用的毫米波段矩形波导-微带过渡转换电路形式主要有矩形波导-脊波导-微带过渡、矩形波导-对脊鳍线-微带过渡、矩形波导-微带探针过渡等。电路都是基于电场激励的方式，其中波导-脊波导-微带过渡虽然是一种简单而又有良好过渡特性的结构，但机械加工精度要求高，在W波段难以实现。波导-对脊鳍线-微带过渡在工作频段内渐变下面的无金属区可能出现谐振现象，如果某一谐振频率正好落入与其相连器件的工作带宽，就可能使其对器件产生耦合，从而影响器件的性能，这就导致其设计变得复杂，限制了它的应用。耦合探针过渡从同轴探针发展而来，这种结构能够在较宽的频率范围内获得较小的插入损耗和输入驻波比，为目前W波段主要过渡方式，但其波导与微带的传输方向垂直，为正交过渡结构，整体尺寸较大，结构不够紧凑，难以满足小型化系统结构的要求。因此，为满足工程需要，且实现W波段矩形波导—微带过渡电路的多样性，寻求一种新技术、非正交结构的W波段矩形波导—微带过渡转换电路在W波段毫米波电路系统中是尤其的重要及迫切的需要。At present, millimeter-wave band rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition conversion circuits that have been invented at home and abroad and applied in engineering applications mainly include rectangular waveguide-ridge waveguide-microstrip transition, rectangular waveguide-opposite ridge fin line-microstrip transition, and rectangular waveguide -Microstrip probe transitions, etc. The circuits are all based on electric field excitation. Although the waveguide-ridge waveguide-microstrip transition is a simple structure with good transition characteristics, it requires high machining accuracy and is difficult to achieve in the W-band. The waveguide-to-ridge-fin line-microstrip transition may resonate in the metal-free area below the gradual change in the working frequency band. If a certain resonant frequency just falls into the working bandwidth of the device connected to it, it may cause it to couple to the device. It affects the performance of the device, which leads to the complexity of its design and limits its application. The coupling probe transition is developed from the coaxial probe. This structure can obtain smaller insertion loss and input standing wave ratio in a wider frequency range. It is currently the main transition mode in the W-band, but its waveguide and microstrip The transmission direction is vertical, and it is an orthogonal transition structure. The overall size is large, and the structure is not compact enough to meet the requirements of the miniaturized system structure. Therefore, in order to meet the engineering needs and realize the diversity of W-band rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition circuits, a new technology and non-orthogonal structure of W-band rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition circuits are sought in the W-band millimeter-wave circuit system. is a particularly important and urgent need.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本文发明的目的是针对上述现有技术的不足，发明了一种W波段端接后馈式波导-微带过渡转换电路，该电路基于矩形波导内的磁场耦合原理，实现了矩形波导和微带线两者主模之间电磁场模式的过渡转换。电路为端接后馈式结构，其波导轴线与微带轴线在同一轴线上，结构紧凑，电路中的过渡段开槽窗口的长度与系统的中心频率成反比关系，可通过改变过渡段开槽窗口的长度尺寸来调整中心工作频率，设计灵活。同时，通过减高波导与微带高感抗线的预匹配以及四分之波长线的微带阻抗匹配，使得整个过渡转换电路具有插入损耗小、工作频带宽、结构简单、体积小、便于拓展应用等特点。本发明的具体结构为：The purpose of the invention in this paper is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and to invent a W-band terminated feed-back waveguide-microstrip transition conversion circuit. The transition conversion of the electromagnetic field mode between the two main modes of the line. The circuit is a terminated feed-back structure, the axis of the waveguide and the axis of the microstrip are on the same axis, and the structure is compact. The length of the slotted window of the transition section in the circuit is inversely proportional to the center frequency of the system. It can be changed by changing the slot of the transition section The length of the window is used to adjust the central operating frequency, and the design is flexible. At the same time, by reducing the pre-matching of the waveguide and the microstrip high-inductance line and the microstrip impedance matching of the quarter-wavelength line, the entire transition conversion circuit has low insertion loss, wide operating frequency, simple structure, small size, and easy expansion. application features. Concrete structure of the present invention is:
一种端接后馈式的矩形波导-微带过渡器件，包括矩形波导1，设有减高矩形波导2、过渡窗3、微带线导带4、微带介质基片5、微带板大面积地层6、微带传输线腔体块7。其中，A rear-terminated rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition device, comprising a rectangular waveguide 1, provided with a height-reducing rectangular waveguide 2, a transition window 3, a microstrip line guide strip 4, a microstrip dielectric substrate 5, and a microstrip plate Large-area formation 6, microstrip transmission line cavity block 7. in,
微带介质基片5由波导侧基片、衔接段基片、和传输侧基片三部分构成。通过衔接段基片将波导侧基片的一端与传输侧基片的一端连接在一起。The microstrip dielectric substrate 5 is composed of three parts: a waveguide side substrate, a connecting segment substrate, and a transmission side substrate. One end of the waveguide-side substrate and one end of the transmission-side substrate are connected together through the joint segment substrate.
在微带介质基片5的顶部设有微带线导带4。将微带介质基片5与微带线导带4合称为微带探针板。在微带探针板的底部设有微带板大面积地层6。On the top of the microstrip dielectric substrate 5 is provided a microstrip conduction strip 4 . The microstrip dielectric substrate 5 and the microstrip conduction tape 4 are collectively referred to as a microstrip probe card. The bottom of the microstrip probe board is provided with a large-area formation 6 of the microstrip board.
微带探针板的一端经减高矩形波导2与矩形波导1相连接。One end of the microstrip probe board is connected with the rectangular waveguide 1 through the height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 .
微带探针板的另一端的顶部设有微带传输线腔体块7。The top of the other end of the microstrip probe card is provided with a microstrip transmission line cavity block 7 .
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：电路由标准BJ900矩形波导、波导腔内微带矩形耦合环、矩形波导与微带转换之间的开槽窗口、微带阻抗匹配电路四部分组成。工作机理为：首先，利用微带基片上矩形金属条带构成磁耦合环，从BJ900矩形波导终端插入波导中，耦合环的环面位于矩形波导宽边中截面，环的导体末端终止于矩形波导端壁。当电磁波由微带向矩形波导传播时，位于矩形波导内的矩形环相当于一个小型环天线，矩形环导体上将有高频交变电流流过，交变电流将产生交变磁场，并由此产生交变电场，从而在矩形波导中激励起电磁波。用罗仑兹互易定理可知，矩形环电流激发的电磁场的TE10振幅系数正比于TE10模穿过电流小矩形环的总磁通量，其余模式振幅特性类同，但在矩形波导所有模式的电磁波中，TE10模的磁场方向与小矩形环表面垂直，TE10模穿过电流小圆环的总磁通量是最大的，其它模式均相对较小，因此被激发的TE10模的振幅系数最大。环上电流所激发的磁场所有的磁力线都垂直穿过矩形环所在的平面，磁力线为平行于矩形波导宽壁，相切于窄壁的一系列闭合线，由于矩形波导按单模传输的尺寸设计，除了TE10主模可以在波导中传输外，其它可能激励起的高次模均属截止模，不能在矩形波导中传输，所以，最终电磁场分布为具有与矩形波导主模TE10模完全相同的场结构。因此，利用矩形耦合环进行磁耦合完成了矩形波导到微带平面电路之间的转换。其次，对矩形波导与微带电路之间的端面开槽过渡窗口部分的尺寸进行优化设计，窗口在符合要求的情况下越小越好，通过设计矩形波导开槽窗口的宽度、高度和长度，使其达到将波导中的能量传播到微带线的要求，并抑制带内谐振。最后，通过阻抗变换设计微带匹配电路，利用四分之一波长线实现阻抗匹配到50欧母传输线。由此，通过矩形环的磁耦合、开槽窗口的优化以及匹配电路的设计，最终实现了基于磁耦合的W波段端接后馈式波导-微带过渡转换电路。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the circuit consists of four parts: standard BJ900 rectangular waveguide, microstrip rectangular coupling ring in the waveguide cavity, slotted window between the rectangular waveguide and microstrip conversion, and microstrip impedance matching circuit . The working mechanism is as follows: firstly, use the rectangular metal strip on the microstrip substrate to form a magnetic coupling ring, and insert it into the waveguide from the terminal of the BJ900 rectangular waveguide. end wall. When the electromagnetic wave propagates from the microstrip to the rectangular waveguide, the rectangular loop inside the rectangular waveguide is equivalent to a small loop antenna. There will be a high-frequency alternating current flowing through the rectangular loop conductor, and the alternating current will generate an alternating magnetic field, which is generated by the This generates an alternating electric field, which excites electromagnetic waves in the rectangular waveguide. According to the Lorentz reciprocity theorem, the TE10 amplitude coefficient of the electromagnetic field excited by the rectangular ring current is proportional to the total magnetic flux of the TE10 mode passing through the small rectangular ring of the current, and the amplitude characteristics of the other modes are similar, but in the electromagnetic wave of all modes of the rectangular waveguide, The magnetic field direction of the TE10 mode is perpendicular to the surface of the small rectangular ring, the total magnetic flux of the TE10 mode passing through the small current ring is the largest, and the other modes are relatively small, so the amplitude coefficient of the excited TE10 mode is the largest. All the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field excited by the current on the ring pass through the plane of the rectangular ring vertically. The magnetic field lines are a series of closed lines parallel to the wide wall of the rectangular waveguide and tangent to the narrow wall. Since the rectangular waveguide is designed according to the size of single-mode transmission , except that the TE10 main mode can be transmitted in the waveguide, other high-order modes that may be excited are all cut-off modes and cannot be transmitted in the rectangular waveguide. Therefore, the final electromagnetic field distribution has exactly the same field as the main mode TE10 of the rectangular waveguide structure. Therefore, magnetic coupling using a rectangular coupling loop completes the conversion between a rectangular waveguide to a microstrip planar circuit. Secondly, optimize the size of the slotted transition window between the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip circuit. The smaller the window, the better. By designing the width, height and length of the slotted window of the rectangular waveguide, Make it meet the requirements of propagating the energy in the waveguide to the microstrip line, and suppress the resonance in the band. Finally, a microstrip matching circuit is designed through impedance transformation, and a quarter-wavelength line is used to achieve impedance matching to a 50-ohm transmission line. Therefore, through the magnetic coupling of the rectangular ring, the optimization of the slotted window and the design of the matching circuit, a W-band terminated feed-back waveguide-microstrip transition conversion circuit based on magnetic coupling is finally realized.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明打破了过渡转换电路均基于电场耦合原理的束缚，证明了利用磁耦合原理是可以实现毫米波特别是3mm频段端接后馈式矩形波导-微带过渡转换，工作带宽大于6GHz，驻波小于1.1，插入损耗小于0.15dB，性能指标良好，在理论研究和工程应用中具有一定的价值。1. The present invention breaks the shackles that the transition conversion circuits are based on the electric field coupling principle, and proves that the use of the magnetic coupling principle can realize millimeter wave, especially 3mm frequency band termination, rear-feeding rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition conversion, and the working bandwidth is greater than 6GHz. The standing wave is less than 1.1, the insertion loss is less than 0.15dB, the performance index is good, and it has certain value in theoretical research and engineering application.
2、本发明电路中的过渡段开槽窗口的长度尺寸与电路的中心工作频率成反比关系，对于W波段的不同工作频段，只需改变过渡段开槽窗口的长度，即可在不改变6GHz带宽的情况下获得所需工作频带，且该设计方案适合于毫米波、亚毫米波等频段，具有设计灵活、便于拓展应用等特点。2. The length dimension of the slotting window of the transition section in the circuit of the present invention is inversely proportional to the central operating frequency of the circuit. For different operating frequency bands of the W band, only the length of the slotting window of the transition section needs to be changed, and the 6GHz The required working frequency band can be obtained under the condition of wide bandwidth, and the design scheme is suitable for frequency bands such as millimeter wave and submillimeter wave, and has the characteristics of flexible design and easy expansion of applications.
3、本发明电路结构中微带电路与BJ900矩形波导末端相连，为端接后馈式结构，矩形波导轴线与微带轴线在同一轴线上，相比于现有的垂直过渡结构，具有体积小、结构紧凑、易于实现的特点，可更好的满足小型化的要求，提供了一种可供设计选择的新型结构。3. In the circuit structure of the present invention, the microstrip circuit is connected to the end of the BJ900 rectangular waveguide, which is a terminated feed-back structure. The axis of the rectangular waveguide and the axis of the microstrip are on the same axis. Compared with the existing vertical transition structure, it has a small volume , compact structure, easy to implement, can better meet the requirements of miniaturization, and provide a new structure for design options.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的立体示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
图2为图1背面的立体示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the back of FIG. 1 .
图3为图1的俯视图。FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1 .
图4为图3的A-A剖视图。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 3 .
图5为图1的右视图。Fig. 5 is a right side view of Fig. 1 .
图6为图1的主视图。Fig. 6 is a front view of Fig. 1 .
图7为图6的B-B剖视图。Fig. 7 is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 6 .
图8为图1的爆炸图组装示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of assembly of the exploded view of FIG. 1 .
具体实施方式detailed description
现结合说明书附图对本发明进行进一步的解释。Now further explain the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1、2、3、6、7和8，一种端接后馈式的矩形波导-微带过渡器件，包括矩形波导1，减高矩形波导2、过渡窗3、微带线导带4、微带介质基片5、微带板大面积地层6、微带传输线腔体块7。其中，过渡窗3为起衔接作用的块体，如图3、4和7所示。参见图7和8，微带介质基片5由波导侧基片、衔接段基片、和传输侧基片三部分构成。通过衔接段基片将波导侧基片的一端与传输侧基片的一端连接在一起。波导侧基片、衔接段基片、和传输侧基片均为矩形块。以微带介质基片5的长度方向和宽度方向，作为波导侧基片、衔接段基片、和传输测基片的长度方向和宽度方向。参见图2、5、6和7，衔接段基片的面积＜波导侧基片的面积＜传输测基片的面积。参见图7和8，在微带介质基片5的顶部设有微带线导带4。将微带介质基片5与微带线导带4合称为微带探针板。在微带探针板的底部设有微带板大面积地层6。参见图1、4和6，微带探针板的一端经减高矩形波导2与矩形波导1相连接。微带探针板的另一端的顶部设有微带传输线腔体块7。Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8, a rear-terminated rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition device includes a rectangular waveguide 1, a height-reducing rectangular waveguide 2, a transition window 3, and a microstrip line guide strip 4. Microstrip dielectric substrate 5, microstrip plate large-area formation 6, microstrip transmission line cavity block 7. Wherein, the transition window 3 is a connecting block, as shown in FIGS. 3 , 4 and 7 . 7 and 8, the microstrip dielectric substrate 5 is composed of three parts: a waveguide-side substrate, a junction-side substrate, and a transmission-side substrate. One end of the waveguide-side substrate and one end of the transmission-side substrate are connected together through the joint segment substrate. The waveguide side substrate, the splice section substrate, and the transmission side substrate are all rectangular blocks. The length direction and width direction of the microstrip dielectric substrate 5 are used as the length direction and width direction of the waveguide side substrate, connecting segment substrate, and transmission side substrate. Referring to Figures 2, 5, 6 and 7, the area of the connecting section substrate<the area of the waveguide side substrate<the area of the transmission side substrate. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8 , a microstrip conductor strip 4 is provided on top of the microstrip dielectric substrate 5 . The microstrip dielectric substrate 5 and the microstrip conduction tape 4 are collectively referred to as a microstrip probe card. The bottom of the microstrip probe board is provided with a large-area formation 6 of the microstrip board. Referring to Figures 1, 4 and 6, one end of the microstrip probe card is connected to the rectangular waveguide 1 through a height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 . The top of the other end of the microstrip probe card is provided with a microstrip transmission line cavity block 7 .
进一步说，波导侧基片的体积小于减高矩形波导2的体积。在减高矩形波导2上开有1个凹槽。所述减高矩形波导2上的凹槽与波导侧基片相匹配，即波导侧基片安装在减高矩形波导2的凹槽中。过渡窗3、微带传输线腔体块7均为为矩形块。其中，过渡窗3的底面与衔接段基片的顶面轮廓相匹配，微带传输线腔体块7的底面与传输测基片的顶面轮廓相匹配。Furthermore, the volume of the waveguide side substrate is smaller than the volume of the height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 . A groove is formed on the height-reducing rectangular waveguide 2 . The groove on the height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 matches the waveguide side substrate, that is, the waveguide side substrate is installed in the groove of the height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 . Both the transition window 3 and the microstrip transmission line cavity block 7 are rectangular blocks. Wherein, the bottom surface of the transition window 3 matches the top surface contour of the connecting section substrate, and the bottom surface of the microstrip transmission line cavity block 7 matches the top surface contour of the transmission measuring substrate.
进一步说，参见图5和6，矩形波导1的宽度与减高矩形波导2的宽度相等。矩形波导1的高度大于减高矩形波导2的高度0.24毫米。矩形波导1高度方向的中分面与减高矩形波导2高度方向的中分面相互重合。Further, referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 , the width of the rectangular waveguide 1 is equal to the width of the height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 . The height of the rectangular waveguide 1 is 0.24 mm greater than the height of the height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 . The mid-section plane in the height direction of the rectangular waveguide 1 coincides with the mid-section plane in the height direction of the height-reduced rectangular waveguide 2 .
进一步说，参见图1、4和5，在衔接段基片的底部、传输测基片的底部覆盖有微带板大面积地层6，换言之，波导侧基片的底部与微带板大面积地层6不接触，波导侧基片的底部与矩形波导1的凹槽直接接触。Further, referring to Fig. 1, 4 and 5, the bottom of the connecting section substrate and the bottom of the transmission measuring substrate are covered with a large-area formation 6 of a microstrip plate, in other words, the bottom of the waveguide side substrate and the large-area formation of the microstrip plate 6 is not in contact, the bottom of the waveguide side substrate is in direct contact with the groove of the rectangular waveguide 1.
进一步说，参见图7和8，微带线导带4由磁耦合矩形环9、接地线10、微带阻抗线11、阻抗变换线12、微带传输线13构成。其中：磁耦合矩形环9为由4条边组成的“口”字形结构件。在靠近微带板大面积地层6一侧的磁耦合矩形环9的边上设有开口，将该边分成2段，依次称为第一半环91、第二半环92。第一半环91与微带阻抗线11的一端相连接，微带阻抗线11的另一端与阻抗变换线12的一端相连接，波长阻抗变换线12的另一端与微带传输线13的一端相连接。第二半环92与接地线10的一端相连接。Further, referring to FIGS. 7 and 8 , the microstrip conduction strip 4 is composed of a magnetic coupling rectangular ring 9 , a grounding line 10 , a microstrip impedance line 11 , an impedance transformation line 12 , and a microstrip transmission line 13 . Wherein: the magnetic coupling rectangular ring 9 is a "mouth"-shaped structural member composed of 4 sides. An opening is provided on the side of the magnetic coupling rectangular ring 9 near the large-area formation 6 of the microstrip plate, and the side is divided into two sections, called the first half ring 91 and the second half ring 92 in turn. The first half ring 91 is connected to one end of the microstrip impedance line 11, the other end of the microstrip impedance line 11 is connected to one end of the impedance transformation line 12, and the other end of the wavelength impedance transformation line 12 is connected to one end of the microstrip transmission line 13. connect. The second half ring 92 is connected to one end of the ground wire 10 .
进一步说，参见图7和8，磁耦合矩形环9位于波导侧基片的顶部。接地线10、微带阻抗线11位于衔接段基片的顶部。阻抗变换线12、微带传输线13位于传输侧基片的顶部。Further, referring to Figs. 7 and 8, a magnetic coupling rectangular ring 9 is located on top of the waveguide side substrate. The ground wire 10 and the microstrip impedance wire 11 are located on the top of the connection segment substrate. The impedance transformation line 12 and the microstrip transmission line 13 are located on the top of the transmission side substrate.
进一步说，参见图7和8，将靠近矩形波导1一侧的磁耦合矩形环9的边称为波导侧环边93。波导侧环边93的长度方向的中心线、微带阻抗线11的宽度方向的中心线、阻抗变换线12的宽度方向的中心线、微带传输线13的宽度方向的中心线相互重合。Further, referring to FIGS. 7 and 8 , the side of the magnetic coupling rectangular ring 9 close to the side of the rectangular waveguide 1 is called the waveguide-side ring side 93 . The longitudinal centerline of the waveguide-side ring edge 93 , the widthwise centerline of the microstrip impedance line 11 , the widthwise centerline of the impedance transformation line 12 , and the widthwise centerline of the microstrip transmission line 13 overlap each other.
进一步说，参见图7和8，第二半环92的另一端与第一半环91的一端相连接。矩形波导1的型号为BJ900。第一半环91、第二半环92、波导侧环边93的宽度均为0.15毫米。微带介质基片5的材质为RogersDuriod5880，厚度为0.127mm。微带阻抗线11的阻值为71欧母。阻抗变换线12长为1毫米。微带传输线13的阻值为50欧母过渡窗3。过渡窗3的宽为0.6mm，高为0.5mm，长为0.22mm～0.32mm。优选的方案是：过渡窗3的尺寸为宽0.6mm，高0.5mm，长0.25mm。Further, referring to FIGS. 7 and 8 , the other end of the second half ring 92 is connected to one end of the first half ring 91 . The model of the rectangular waveguide 1 is BJ900. The widths of the first half ring 91 , the second half ring 92 , and the waveguide side ring edge 93 are all 0.15 mm. The material of the microstrip dielectric substrate 5 is RogersDuriod5880, and the thickness is 0.127mm. The resistance value of the microstrip impedance line 11 is 71 ohms. The impedance transformation line 12 is 1 mm long. The resistance value of the microstrip transmission line 13 is a transition window 3 of 50 ohms. The width of the transition window 3 is 0.6 mm, the height is 0.5 mm, and the length is 0.22 mm to 0.32 mm. The preferred solution is: the size of the transition window 3 is 0.6 mm in width, 0.5 mm in height and 0.25 mm in length.
进一步说，本发明应用于W波段时，过渡窗3的长度为0.25mm，能够满足工作频率90GHz～98GHz的使用。Furthermore, when the present invention is applied to the W band, the length of the transition window 3 is 0.25mm, which can satisfy the use of the working frequency of 90GHz-98GHz.
通过调节过渡窗3的长度，可满足85GHz～100GHz的工作频率范围，突破了相同形式的端接后馈式结构过渡器件只能达到40GHz的瓶颈技术，实现了W波段85GHz～100GHz的端接后馈式过渡器件。By adjusting the length of the transition window 3, the working frequency range of 85GHz to 100GHz can be met, breaking through the bottleneck technology that the same form of termination feed-back structure transition device can only reach 40GHz, and realizing the termination of W-band 85GHz to 100GHz Feed transition device.
结合图6和3，从另一个角度阐述和解释的结构特点。本发明的W波段矩形波导—微带转换电路主视图如附图6，电路由BJ900标准矩形波导、减高矩形波导、波导与微带过渡之间开槽窗口、微带线导带、Rogers Duriod5880微带介质基片、微带板大面积地层、微带传输线腔体组成，微带电路与BJ900矩形波导末端相连，为端接后馈的结构形式。Combined with Figures 6 and 3, the structural features are elaborated and explained from another angle. The front view of the W-band rectangular waveguide-microstrip conversion circuit of the present invention is shown in Figure 6. The circuit consists of BJ900 standard rectangular waveguide, height-reduced rectangular waveguide, slotted window between waveguide and microstrip transition, microstrip line guide strip, Rogers Duriod5880 It is composed of microstrip dielectric substrate, large-area formation of microstrip plate, and cavity of microstrip transmission line. The microstrip circuit is connected to the end of BJ900 rectangular waveguide, which is a structure form of termination and feed-back.
电路俯视图如图3所示。波导口尺寸为2.54mm×1.27mm的BJ900标准矩形波导在传输末端进行减高，变换为波导口尺寸为2.3mm×1.27mm、长度为1.05mm的矩形波导，这样在电磁波模式转换过程中起到一定的阻抗预匹配作用。在减高波导终端处建立与微带传输线间的开槽窗口，窗口的位置有特定要求：垂直方向上，在放置微带传输线后，使得微带板的导带处于矩形波导宽边的中心截面。水平方向上，窗口的宽边中心位于矩形波导的窄边中心处。窗口的宽度、高度和长度应达到将波导中的能量传播到微带线的要求，并抑制高次模、带内谐振等，且窗口尺寸在符合要求的情况下越小越好，对于94GHz的中心频率，其所对应的窗口尺寸为0.25mm×0.6mm×0.5mm。微带传输线采用厚度为0.127mm、介电常数为2.2的Rogers Duriod5880介质基片。处于矩形波导外部的微带介质板，均覆有同基板相同底面积的大面积地层，作为微波信号的传输地，且通过镀金以适用于微带板微组装的烧结。为避免腔体谐振，微带传输线腔体尺寸也不宜过大，能保证微组装顺利装配即可。从终端插入减高矩形波导内的微带基片，根据磁耦合原理，其底部无金属层，在微带基片上部，则由矩形金属条带构成用于微波信号能量耦合过渡的磁耦合矩形环，矩形环的环面位于矩形波导宽边中截面，环的起始端相连与开槽窗口部分的微带线，末端终止于开槽窗口侧壁，并完成接地。开槽窗口部分的微带高阻抗线，用于抵消矩形环产生的电容效应。The top view of the circuit is shown in Figure 3. The BJ900 standard rectangular waveguide with a waveguide port size of 2.54mm×1.27mm is reduced in height at the transmission end, and transformed into a rectangular waveguide with a waveguide port size of 2.3mm×1.27mm and a length of 1.05mm, which plays an important role in the process of electromagnetic wave mode conversion. A certain impedance pre-matching effect. Establish a slotted window between the height-reducing waveguide terminal and the microstrip transmission line. The position of the window has specific requirements: in the vertical direction, after the microstrip transmission line is placed, the guide strip of the microstrip plate is located in the central section of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide . Horizontally, the center of the broad side of the window is located at the center of the narrow side of the rectangular waveguide. The width, height, and length of the window should meet the requirements of propagating the energy in the waveguide to the microstrip line, and suppress high-order modes, in-band resonance, etc., and the smaller the window size, the better, for 94GHz Center frequency, the corresponding window size is 0.25mm×0.6mm×0.5mm. The microstrip transmission line uses a Rogers Duriod5880 dielectric substrate with a thickness of 0.127mm and a dielectric constant of 2.2. The microstrip dielectric plate outside the rectangular waveguide is covered with a large-area layer with the same bottom area as the substrate, which serves as the transmission ground for microwave signals, and is suitable for sintering of microstrip plate micro-assembly through gold plating. In order to avoid cavity resonance, the cavity size of the microstrip transmission line should not be too large, as long as it can ensure the smooth assembly of the micro-assembly. Insert the microstrip substrate into the height-reducing rectangular waveguide from the terminal. According to the principle of magnetic coupling, there is no metal layer at the bottom. On the upper part of the microstrip substrate, a rectangular metal strip is used to form a magnetic coupling rectangle for microwave signal energy coupling transition. Ring, the ring surface of the rectangular ring is located in the middle section of the wide side of the rectangular waveguide, the starting end of the ring is connected to the microstrip line of the slotted window part, and the end is terminated at the side wall of the slotted window, and is grounded. The microstrip high-impedance line in the slotted window section is used to counteract the capacitive effect produced by the rectangular ring.
当电磁波由矩形波导向微带传播时，波导内交变磁场的磁力线都垂直穿过矩形环所在的平面，在矩形环导体上将有高频交变电流产生，实现矩形波导到微带平面电路之间的转换，但由于矩形波导与微带线的特性阻抗相差较大，因此，经减高波导与开槽窗口部分高阻抗微带线进行预匹配后，仍需利用四分之一波长阻抗变换线来最终实现阻抗匹配到50Ω微带传输线。When the electromagnetic wave propagates from the rectangular wave to the microstrip, the magnetic field lines of the alternating magnetic field in the waveguide pass through the plane where the rectangular ring is located vertically, and a high-frequency alternating current will be generated on the rectangular ring conductor, realizing the rectangular waveguide to the microstrip planar circuit However, due to the large difference between the characteristic impedance of the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip line, it is still necessary to use the quarter-wavelength impedance Transform the line to finally achieve impedance matching to a 50Ω microstrip transmission line.
由此，利用磁耦合原理，通过把矩形波导中TE10模场结构将逐渐转化为TEM模，再经过匹配电路转换为微带线中的准TEM模的场结构，最终实现了W频段微带线与矩形波导之间的过渡转换。端接后馈式转换器的工作带宽大于6GHz，在微带传输线长为2mm时，插入损耗小于0.15dB，驻波小于1.1，回波损耗大于27dB，在中心频率94GHz处，驻波小于1.01，回波损耗大于45dB，接近理论值，同时，可通过改变开槽窗口的长度尺寸来调整中心频率，开槽尺寸增加，中心频率降低，开槽尺寸减小，中心频率升高，设计灵活，满足W频段不同工作频率的设计要求。Therefore, using the principle of magnetic coupling, the field structure of the TE10 mode in the rectangular waveguide will be gradually converted into a TEM mode, and then converted into the field structure of the quasi-TEM mode in the microstrip line through a matching circuit, and finally the W-band microstrip is realized. Transition transition between wire and rectangular waveguides. The working bandwidth of the terminated feedback converter is greater than 6GHz. When the length of the microstrip transmission line is 2mm, the insertion loss is less than 0.15dB, the standing wave is less than 1.1, and the return loss is greater than 27dB. At the center frequency of 94GHz, the standing wave is less than 1.01. The return loss is greater than 45dB, which is close to the theoretical value. At the same time, the center frequency can be adjusted by changing the length of the slot window. The slot size increases, the center frequency decreases, the slot size decreases, and the center frequency increases. The design is flexible and meets Design requirements for different operating frequencies in the W-band.
本发明基于矩形波导内的磁场耦合原理，实现了矩形波导和微带线两者主模之间电磁场模式的过渡转换，打破了过渡转换电路均基于电场耦合原理的束缚，在实践中达成了利用磁耦合原理实现3mm频段端接后馈式矩形波导-微带过渡转换。本发明为端接后馈式结构，其波导轴线与微带轴线在同一轴线上，体积小、结构紧凑、易于实现，器件中的过渡段开槽窗口的长度尺寸与系统的中心工作频率成反比关系，可通过改变过渡段开槽窗口的长度尺寸，来满足W波段不同的工作频带，工作频率点设计灵活。通过减高波导与微带高感抗线的预匹配以及四分之波长线的微带阻抗匹配电路，器件工作带宽达到6GHz以上，插入损耗小于0.15dB，驻波小于1.1，回波损耗大于27dB，在中心频率94GHz处，驻波小于1.01，回波损耗大于45dB，接近理论值。相比于现有的过渡结构，整个过渡转换器具有插入损耗小、频带宽、结构简单、体积小、便于拓展应用等特点，可更好的满足小型化的要求，提供了一种可供设计选择的新型结构。Based on the magnetic field coupling principle in the rectangular waveguide, the present invention realizes the transition conversion of the electromagnetic field mode between the main modes of the rectangular waveguide and the microstrip line, breaks the constraint that the transition conversion circuit is based on the electric field coupling principle, and achieves the utilization in practice The principle of magnetic coupling realizes the 3mm frequency band termination and feed-back rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition conversion. The present invention is a termination feed-back structure, the axis of the waveguide and the axis of the microstrip are on the same axis, the volume is small, the structure is compact, and it is easy to implement. The length dimension of the slotted window of the transition section in the device is inversely proportional to the central operating frequency of the system The relationship can be changed by changing the length of the slotted window in the transition section to meet the different working frequency bands of the W-band, and the design of the working frequency point is flexible. Through the pre-matching of waveguide and microstrip high inductance line and the microstrip impedance matching circuit of quarter-wavelength line, the working bandwidth of the device can reach more than 6GHz, the insertion loss is less than 0.15dB, the standing wave is less than 1.1, and the return loss is greater than 27dB , at the center frequency of 94GHz, the standing wave is less than 1.01, and the return loss is greater than 45dB, which is close to the theoretical value. Compared with the existing transition structure, the entire transition converter has the characteristics of small insertion loss, wide frequency bandwidth, simple structure, small size, and easy expansion and application, which can better meet the requirements of miniaturization and provide a design-friendly Selected new structures.
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| CN201610391831.5ACN105977595A (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2016-06-06 | Terminal connection feed-backward type rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610391831.5ACN105977595A (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2016-06-06 | Terminal connection feed-backward type rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition device |
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| CN105977595Atrue CN105977595A (en) | 2016-09-28 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610391831.5APendingCN105977595A (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2016-06-06 | Terminal connection feed-backward type rectangular waveguide-microstrip transition device |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | Application publication date:20160928 |