技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力系统领域，尤其涉及一种应用于串联交流稳压器的开关切换装置。The invention relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a switching device applied to a series AC voltage stabilizer.
背景技术Background technique
在低压电网供电半径比较大、供电线路比较细的情况下，容易出现变压器出口侧供电电压正常，但线路压降变化范围大，末端电压不达标的情况：低电压时严重情况下用电设备因电压过低无法正常工作；高电压时又可能会因为电压过高损坏用电设备。When the power supply radius of the low-voltage power grid is relatively large and the power supply line is relatively thin, it is easy to cause the power supply voltage at the outlet side of the transformer to be normal, but the voltage drop of the line varies widely, and the terminal voltage does not meet the standard. If the voltage is too low, it cannot work normally; when the voltage is high, it may damage the electrical equipment due to the high voltage.
如图1所示工厂用电电路，一般在变电所处接有无功补偿电力电容器。假定中间供电线路比较细，则线路电阻和线路电感都较大。当几个厂房用电负荷均比较大时，负荷电流在线路上引起较大的电压降。当变电所出口电压为额定值时，则在末端厂房，例如图中的点14处，电压低，设备无法正常工作（尤其对于三相异步电动机，电压低时转矩小，发热严重）。而当厂房设备绝大部分停止工作，线路负载电流极小。此时若无功补偿电容器没有及时切除，根据电力系统电压稳定原理，变电所相对于上一级配电网的电压将上升。此时线路电流小，线路压降低，则末端设备需承受较高的电网电压。As shown in Figure 1, the power circuit of the factory is generally connected with a reactive power compensation power capacitor at the substation. Assuming that the middle power supply line is relatively thin, the line resistance and line inductance are both large. When the power loads of several workshops are relatively large, the load current will cause a large voltage drop on the line. When the outlet voltage of the substation is at the rated value, in the terminal plant, such as point 14 in the figure, the voltage is low and the equipment cannot work normally (especially for three-phase asynchronous motors, when the voltage is low, the torque is small and the heat is serious). And when most of the plant equipment stops working, the line load current is extremely small. At this time, if the reactive power compensation capacitor is not removed in time, according to the principle of power system voltage stability, the voltage of the substation relative to the upper level distribution network will rise. At this time, the line current is small and the line voltage drops, so the terminal equipment needs to bear a higher grid voltage.
电压过低和过高对设备的正常工作都是不利的。从保护设备的角度，希望设备电压均处于允许范围以内。为此，可以在点14处增加交流稳压装置，使点14对应的厂房内的设备电压均处于额定值附近。Both low voltage and high voltage are detrimental to the normal operation of the equipment. From the perspective of protecting equipment, it is hoped that the equipment voltage is within the allowable range. For this reason, an AC voltage stabilizing device can be added at point 14, so that the voltage of the equipment in the plant corresponding to point 14 is near the rated value.
虽然自耦变压器可以采用体积较小的铁芯传递较大的容量，但这种电路中，所有的电网输入电流和输出电流均通过开关进行切换，开关容量大。并且采用机械开关时，大功率机械开关的开关寿命次数有限；采用电力电子器件时，大功率电力电子器件自身损耗大，大负载运行时装置内部温升高，散热装置占去了很大装置内部空间。另外无论是大功率机械型开关还是大功率电力电子型开关，成本均很高。Although the autotransformer can use a smaller iron core to transfer a larger capacity, but in this circuit, all the input current and output current of the grid are switched by switches, and the switching capacity is large. And when mechanical switches are used, the switching life of high-power mechanical switches is limited; when power electronic devices are used, the high-power power electronic devices themselves have a large loss, and the internal temperature of the device rises when the load is running, and the heat dissipation device occupies a large part of the device. space. In addition, whether it is a high-power mechanical switch or a high-power power electronic switch, the cost is very high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术中的不足，本发明的目的在于，提供一种应用于串联交流稳压器的开关切换装置，包括：第一变压器和开关切换单元；In order to overcome the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a switching device applied to a series AC voltage stabilizer, comprising: a first transformer and a switching unit;
所述开关切换单元包括：第一开关K1、第二开关K2、第三开关K3、第四开关K4、低压侧火线连路、火线高压侧连路、零线高压侧连路、第一补偿分路以及负载；The switch switching unit includes: a first switch K1 , a second switch K2 , a third switch K3 , a fourth switch K4 , a live wire connection on the low voltage side, a high voltage side connection on the live wire, a high voltage side connection on the neutral line, a first compensation branch and a load;
所述低压侧火线连路的一端与电源火线连接，低压侧火线连路的另一端与负载的第一端连接；One end of the live wire connection on the low-voltage side is connected to the live wire of the power supply, and the other end of the live wire connection on the low-voltage side is connected to the first end of the load;
第一变压器的低压侧线圈的设置在所述低压侧火线连路上；The low-voltage side coil of the first transformer is arranged on the live wire connection of the low-voltage side;
所述火线高压侧连路与电源火线连接，零线高压侧连路一端与零线连接，零线高压侧连路另一端与负载的第二端连接；The high-voltage side connection of the live wire is connected to the live wire of the power supply, one end of the high-voltage side connection of the neutral line is connected to the neutral line, and the other end of the high-voltage side connection of the neutral line is connected to the second end of the load;
第一变压器高压侧线圈的第一端通过第一开关K1和火线高压侧连路与电源火线连接；The first end of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through thefirst switch K1 and the high-voltage side connection of the live wire;
第一变压器高压侧线圈的第一端通过第二开关K2与零线高压侧连路连接；The first end of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the high-voltage side connection of the neutral line through thesecond switch K2;
第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端通过第三开关K3和火线高压侧连路与电源火线连接；The second end of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through thethird switch K3 and the high-voltage side connection of the live wire;
第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端通过第四开关K4与零线高压侧连路连接；The second end of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the high-voltage side connection of the neutral line through thefourth switch K4;
所述第一开关K1与第二开关K2之间设有第一延时控制模块，所述第一延时控制模块用于仅使第一开关K1与第二开关K2其中一个开关闭合，当由第一开关K1闭合切换到第二开关K2闭合时，第一开关K1断开，经过预设的延时后，第二开关K2闭合；A first delay control module is provided between thefirst switch K1 and thesecond switch K2, and the first delay control module is used to make only one of thefirst switch K1 and thesecond switch K2 switch Closed, when thefirst switch K1 is closed and switched to thesecond switch K2 is closed, thefirst switch K1 is opened, and after a preset delay, thesecond switch K2 is closed;
或当由第二开关K2闭合切换到第一开关K1闭合时，第二开关K2断开，经过预设的延时后，第一开关K1闭合；Or when switching from the closing of thesecond switch K2 to the closing of thefirst switch K1, thesecond switch K2 is opened, and after a preset delay, thefirst switch K1 is closed;
所述第三开关K3与第四开关K4之间设有第二延时控制模块，所述第二延时控制模块用于仅使第三开关K3与第四开关K4其中一个开关闭合，当由第三开关K3闭合切换到第四开关K4闭合时，第三开关K3断开，经过预设的延时后，第四开关K4闭合；A second delay control module is provided between thethird switch K3 and thefourth switch K4, and the second delay control module is used to switch only one of thethird switch K3 and thefourth switch K4 Closed, when thethird switch K3 is closed and switched to thefourth switch K4 is closed, thethird switch K3 is opened, and after a preset delay, thefourth switch K4 is closed;
或当由第四开关K4闭合切换到第三开关K3闭合时，第四开关K4断开，经过预设的延时后，第三开关K3闭合；Or when switching from the closing of the fourth switch K4 to the closing of thethird switch K3, thefourth switchK4 is opened, and after a preset delay, thethird switch K3 is closed;
所述第一补偿分路包括串联设置的补偿开关KS和电阻R；The first compensation branch includes a compensation switch KS and a resistor R arranged in series;
所述第一补偿分路的第一端分别与第一变压器高压侧线圈的第一端、第一开关K1的一端、第二开关K2的一端连接；The first end of the first compensation shunt is respectively connected to the first end of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer, one end of the first switch K1, andone end of thesecond switch K2;
所述第一补偿分路的第二端分别与第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端、第三开关K3的一端、第四开关K4的一端连接。The second end of the first compensation branch is respectively connected to the second end of the high voltage side coil of the first transformer, one end of thethird switch K3, and one end of thefourth switch K4.
优选地，所述开关切换单元还包括：旁路，所述旁路上设有旁路开关Kp；Preferably, the switching unit further includes: a bypass, and a bypass switch Kp is provided on the bypass;
所述旁路与低压侧火线连路并联，且所述旁路一端与电源火线连接，旁路的另一端与负载的第一端连接。The bypass is connected in parallel with the live wire connection on the low voltage side, and one end of the bypass is connected to the live wire of the power supply, and the other end of the bypass is connected to the first end of the load.
优选地，第一开关K1、第二开关K2、第三开关K3、第四开关K4分别采用继电器，或断路器，或大功率继电器；Preferably, the first switch K1 , the second switch K2 , the third switch K3 , and the fourth switch K4 respectively adopt relays, circuit breakers, or high-power relays;
第一延时控制模块、第二延时控制模块分别采用时间继电器，或单片机。The first time delay control module and the second time delay control module respectively adopt time relays or single-chip microcomputers.
优选地，包括：第二变压器；Preferably, it includes: a second transformer;
第一变压器与第二变压器串联布置；the first transformer is arranged in series with the second transformer;
所述开关切换单元还包括：第五开关K5、第六开关K6、第七开关K7、第八开关K8；The switching unit further includes: a fifth switch K5 , a sixth switch K6 , a seventh switch K7 , and an eighth switch K8 ;
第二变压器的低压侧线圈的设置在所述低压侧火线连路上；The low-voltage side coil of the second transformer is arranged on the live wire connection of the low-voltage side;
第二变压器高压侧线圈的第一端通过第五开关K5和火线高压侧连路与电源火线连接；The first end of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through thefifth switch K5 and the high-voltage side connection of the live wire;
第二变压器高压侧线圈的第一端通过第六开关K6与零线高压侧连路连接；The first end of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer is connected to the high-voltage side connection of the neutral line through thesixth switch K6;
第二变压器高压侧线圈的第二端通过第七开关K7和火线高压侧连路与电源火线连接；The second end of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through theseventh switch K7 and the high-voltage side connection of the live wire;
第二变压器高压侧线圈的第二端通过第八开关K8与零线高压侧连路连接；The second end of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer is connected to the high-voltage side connection of the neutral line through theeighth switch K8;
所述第五开关K5与第六开关K6之间设有第三延时控制模块，所述第三延时控制模块用于仅使第五开关K5与第六开关K6其中一个开关闭合，当由第五开关K5闭合切换到第六开关K6闭合时，第五开关K5断开，经过预设的延时后，第六开关K6闭合；A third delay control module is provided between thefifth switch K5 and thesixth switch K6, and the third delay control module is used to switch only one of thefifth switch K5 and thesixth switch K6 Closing, when thefifth switch K5 is closed and switched to thesixth switch K6 is closed, thefifth switch K5 is opened, and after a preset delay, thesixth switch K6 is closed;
或当由第六开关K6闭合切换到第五开关K5闭合时，第六开关K6断开，经过预设的延时后，第五开关K5闭合；Or when switching from the closing of thesixth switch K6 to the closing of thefifth switch K5, thesixth switch K6 is opened, and after a preset delay, thefifth switch K5 is closed;
所述第七开关K7与第八开关K8之间设有第四延时控制模块，所述第四延时控制模块用于仅使第七开关K7与第八开关K8其中一个开关闭合，当由第七开关K7闭合切换到第八开关K8闭合时，第七开关K7断开，经过预设的延时后，第八开关K8闭合；A fourth delay control module is provided between theseventh switch K7 and theeighth switch K8, and the fourth delay control module is used to switch only one of theseventh switch K7 and theeighth switch K8 Closed, when switching from the seventh switch K7 to the eighth switch K8 , the seventh switch K7 is opened, and after a preset delay, the eighth switch K8 is closed;
或当由第八开关K8闭合切换到第七开关K7闭合时，第八开关K8断开，经过预设的延时后，第七开关K7闭合。Or when switching from the closing of theeighth switch K8 to the closing of theseventh switch K7, theeighth switch K8 is opened, and after a preset delay, theseventh switch K7 is closed.
优选地，所述开关切换单元还包括：第二补偿分路；Preferably, the switching unit further includes: a second compensation branch;
所述第二补偿分路包括串联设置的补偿开关KS1和电阻R1；The second compensation branch includes a compensation switch KS1 and a resistor R1 arranged in series;
所述第二补偿分路的第一端分别与第二变压器高压侧线圈的第一端、第五开关K5的一端、第六开关K6的一端连接；The first end of the second compensation branch is respectively connected to the first end of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer, one end of thefifth switch K5, and one end of thesixth switch K6;
所述第二补偿分路的第二端分别与第二变压器高压侧线圈的第二端、第七开关K7的一端、第八开关K8的一端连接。The second end of the second compensation branch is respectively connected to the second end of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer, one end of theseventh switch K7, and one end of theeighth switch K8.
优选地，第五开关K5、第六开关K6、第七开关K7、第八开关K8分别采用继电器，或断路器，或大功率继电器；Preferably, the fifth switch K5 , the sixth switch K6 , the seventh switch K7 , and the eighth switch K8 respectively adopt relays, circuit breakers, or high-power relays;
第三延时控制模块、第四延时控制模块分别采用时间继电器，或单片机。The third time-delay control module and the fourth time-delay control module respectively adopt time relays or single-chip microcomputers.
从以上技术方案可以看出，本发明具有以下优点：As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:
串联式的切换开关接在变压器的高压侧，在负载回路通过大电流时，根据变压器的变比与电流的关系，高压侧电流很小，可用容量小的开关K1至K8来控制变压器，从而大大节约装置成本，提高可靠性。The series switch is connected to the high-voltage side of the transformer. When the load circuit passes a large current, according to the relationship between the transformation ratio of the transformer and the current, the current on the high-voltage side is very small, and the transformer can be controlled by switches K1 to K8 with small capacity. Thereby greatly saving device cost and improving reliability.
同时，采用了并联第一补偿分路的方式，解决了串联补偿型交流稳压器在运行过程中，开关状态切换时产生的过电压现象，可有效保护切换开关和变压器绕组，避免设备损坏，实现设备在现场的长期稳定运行。At the same time, the method of parallel first compensation shunt is adopted to solve the overvoltage phenomenon generated when the switch state is switched during the operation of the series compensation AC voltage stabilizer, which can effectively protect the switch and transformer windings and avoid equipment damage. Realize the long-term stable operation of the equipment on site.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. As far as people are concerned, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.
图1为现有技术示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the prior art;
图2为应用于串联交流稳压器的开关切换装置的电路图；Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a switching device applied to a series AC voltage stabilizer;
图3为应用于串联交流稳压器的开关切换装置优选的电路图；Fig. 3 is a preferred circuit diagram of a switching device applied to a series AC voltage stabilizer;
图4为并联交流变压器的电路图。Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of parallel AC transformers.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂，下面将运用具体的实施例及附图，对本发明保护的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而非全部的实施例。基于本专利中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本专利保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions protected by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below using specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation described below Examples are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this patent, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this patent.
本发明中，可以串联多个变压器同时控制。本实施例中以串联两个变压器为例。如图2所示，包括：第一变压器T1和开关切换单元；In the present invention, multiple transformers in series can be controlled simultaneously. In this embodiment, two transformers are connected in series as an example. As shown in FIG. 2 , it includes: a first transformer T1 and a switching unit;
所述开关切换单元包括：第一开关K1、第二开关K2、第三开关K3、第四开关K4、低压侧火线连路5、火线高压侧连路6、零线高压侧连路7、第一补偿分路9以及负载8；The switching unit includes: a first switch K1 , a second switch K2 , a third switch K3 , a fourth switch K4 , a low-voltage side live wire connection 5 , a live wire high-voltage side connection 6 , and a neutral line high-voltage side connection Road 7, first compensation branch 9 and load 8;
所述低压侧火线连路5的一端与电源火线连接，低压侧火线连路5的另一端与负载的第一端8a连接；One end of the live line 5 on the low-voltage side is connected to the live line of the power supply, and the other end of the live line 5 on the low-voltage side is connected to the first end 8a of the load;
第一变压器的低压侧线圈1的设置在所述低压侧火线连路5上；The low-voltage side coil 1 of the first transformer is arranged on the low-voltage side live wire connection 5;
所述火线高压侧连路6与电源火线连接，零线高压侧连路7一端与零线连接，零线高压侧连路7另一端与负载的第二端8b连接；The high-voltage side connection 6 of the live wire is connected to the live wire of the power supply, one end of the high-voltage side connection 7 of the neutral line is connected to the neutral line, and the other end of the high-voltage side connection 7 of the neutral line is connected to the second end 8b of the load;
第一变压器高压侧线圈2的第一端2a通过第一开关K1和火线高压侧连路6与电源火线连接；The first end 2a of the high-voltage side coil 2 of the first transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through thefirst switch K1 and the high-voltage side connection 6 of the live wire;
第一变压器高压侧线圈的第一端2a通过第二开关K2与零线高压侧连路7连接；也就是第一变压器高压侧线圈的第一端2a即通过第一开关K1和火线高压侧连路6与电源火线连接；还通过第二开关K2与零线高压侧连路7连接；这里通过第二开关K2与零线高压侧连路7连接，可以理解为，第一变压器高压侧线圈的第一端2a通过第二开关K2与负载8和零线连接。The first terminal 2a of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the high-voltage side connection circuit7 of the neutral line through thesecond switch K2; The side connection 6 is connected to the live wire of the power supply; it is also connected to the high-voltage side connection 7 of the neutral line through the second switch K2; The first end 2a of the coil on the high voltage side is connected to the load 8 and the neutral line through thesecond switch K2.
第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端2b通过第三开关K3和火线高压侧连路6与电源火线连接；第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端2b通过第四开关K4与零线高压侧连路7连接；也就是第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端2b即通过第三开关K3和火线高压侧连路6与电源火线连接；还通过第四开关K4与零线高压侧连路7连接;这里通过第四开关K4与零线高压侧连路7连接，可以理解为，第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端2b通过第四开关K4与负载8和零线连接。The second end 2b of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through thethird switch K3 and the high-voltage side connection6 of the live wire; the second end 2b of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the high-voltage zero line through the fourth switch K4 The side connection 7 is connected; that is, the second end 2b of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through the third switch K3 and the high-voltage side connection 6 of the live wire; it is also connected to the high-voltage side of the zero line through the fourth switch K4 Connected to the connecting circuit 7; here, it is connected to the connecting circuit 7 on the high-voltage side of the zero line through thefourth switch K4, which can be understood as that the second end 2b of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer is connected to the load 8 and the neutral line through thefourth switch K4 .
所述第一开关K1与第二开关K2之间设有第一延时控制模块，所述第一延时控制模块用于仅使第一开关K1与第二开关K2其中一个开关闭合，当由第一开关K1闭合切换到第二开关K2闭合时，第一开关K1断开，经过预设的延时后，第二开关K2闭合；A first delay control module is provided between thefirst switch K1 and thesecond switch K2, and the first delay control module is used to make only one of thefirst switch K1 and thesecond switch K2 switch Closed, when thefirst switch K1 is closed and switched to thesecond switch K2 is closed, thefirst switch K1 is opened, and after a preset delay, thesecond switch K2 is closed;
或当由第二开关K2闭合切换到第一开关K1闭合时，第二开关K2断开，经过预设的延时后，第一开关K1闭合；Or when switching from the closing of thesecond switch K2 to the closing of thefirst switch K1, thesecond switch K2 is opened, and after a preset delay, thefirst switch K1 is closed;
所述第三开关K3与第四开关K4之间设有第二延时控制模块，所述第二延时控制模块用于仅使第三开关K3与第四开关K4其中一个开关闭合，当由第三开关K3闭合切换到第四开关K4闭合时，第三开关K3断开，经过预设的延时后，第四开关K4闭合；A second delay control module is provided between thethird switch K3 and thefourth switch K4, and the second delay control module is used to switch only one of thethird switch K3 and thefourth switch K4 Closed, when thethird switch K3 is closed and switched to thefourth switch K4 is closed, thethird switch K3 is opened, and after a preset delay, thefourth switch K4 is closed;
或当由第四开关K4闭合切换到第三开关K3闭合时，第四开关K4断开，经过预设的延时后，第三开关K3闭合。Or when switching from the closing of the fourth switch K4 to the closing of thethird switch K3, thefourth switchK4 is opened, and after a preset delay, thethird switch K3 is closed.
所述第一补偿分路9包括串联设置的补偿开关KS和电阻R；The first compensation branch 9 includes a compensation switch KS and a resistor R arranged in series;
所述第一补偿分路的第一端11分别与第一变压器高压侧线圈的第一端2a、第一开关K1的一端、第二开关K2的一端连接；The first end 11 of the first compensation shunt is respectively connected to the first end 2a of the high-voltage side coil of the first transformer, one end of the first switch K1, andone end of thesecond switch K2;
所述第一补偿分路的第二端12分别与第一变压器高压侧线圈的第二端2b、第三开关K3的一端、第四开关K4的一端连接。The second end 12 of the first compensation branch is respectively connected to the second end 2b of the high voltage side coil of the first transformer, one end of thethird switch K3, and one end of thefourth switch K4.
所述开关切换单元还包括：旁路，所述旁路上设有旁路开关Kp；旁路与低压侧火线连路5并联，且所述旁路一端与电源火线连接，旁路的另一端与负载的第一端8a连接。The switching unit also includes: a bypass, on which a bypass switchKp is provided; the bypass is connected in parallel with the live wire connection 5 on the low-voltage side, and one end of the bypass is connected to the live wire of the power supply, and the other end of the bypass is It is connected with the first terminal 8a of the load.
第一开关K1、第二开关K2、第三开关K3、第四开关K4分别采用继电器，或断路器，或大功率继电器；第一延时控制模块、第二延时控制模块分别采用时间继电器，或单片机。The first switch K1 , the second switch K2 , the third switch K3 , and the fourth switch K4 use relays, circuit breakers, or high-power relays respectively; the first delay control module and the second delay control module respectively Use a time relay, or a single-chip microcomputer.
由于串联式的切换开关接在变压器的高压侧，在负载回路通过大电流时，根据变压器的变比与电流的关系，高压侧电流很小，可用容量小的开关K1至K4来控制变压器，从而大大节约装置成本，提高可靠性。同时，使用的变压器容量也小，达到用小功率装置控制大功率输出的目的。虽然从原理上看这种装置节省材料，成本低，但在现场应用时出现问题却较多，主要问题出现在机械式和电力电子型开关容易损坏，这就是本发明要解决的问题。Since the series switch is connected to the high-voltage side of the transformer, when the load circuit passes a large current, according to the relationship between the transformation ratio of the transformer and the current, the current on the high-voltage side is very small, and the transformer can be controlled by switches K1 to K4 with small capacity , thereby greatly saving device cost and improving reliability. At the same time, the capacity of the transformer used is also small, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling high-power output with a low-power device. Although this device saves materials and is low in cost in principle, there are many problems in field application. The main problem is that the mechanical and power electronic switches are easily damaged, which is the problem to be solved by the present invention.
图2中，开关K1和K2不能同时导通，否则会出现输入电源短路。同理，其他接到变压器同一端子上的两个开关均不能同时导通。开关动作需要一定时间，则开关从K1闭合切换到K2闭合过程中，需要开关K1先断开，延时一段时间，再将K2闭合。此过程中，会出现一段时间开关K1和K2同时断开的情况，相当于变压器高压绕组开路。其他开关组合也存在同样的问题。在负载电流比较大的情况下，根据变压器理论，高压绕组开路时，通过低压绕组的负载电流全部变为变压器的励磁电流。变压器正常运行情况下励磁电流只占绕组电流的一小部分，产生的磁场感应出变压器的额定电压。In Figure2 , switches K1 and K2 cannot be turnedon at the same time, otherwise there will be a short circuit of the input power supply. Similarly, the other two switches connected to the same terminal of the transformer cannot be turned on at the same time. It takes a certain amount of time for the switch to operate, so during the switch from K1 closed to K2 closed, the switch K1 needs to be disconnected first, and after a delay for a period of time, K2 is closed again. During this process, there will bea situation where switches K1 andK2 are disconnected simultaneously for a period of time, which is equivalent to an open circuit of the high voltage winding of the transformer. The same problem exists with other switch combinations. In the case of a relatively large load current, according to the transformer theory, when the high-voltage winding is open, the load current passing through the low-voltage winding all becomes the excitation current of the transformer. Under normal operation of the transformer, the excitation current only accounts for a small part of the winding current, and the generated magnetic field induces the rated voltage of the transformer.
为保证应用于串联交流稳压器的开关切换装置的可靠性，需要确保开关转换过程中变压器高压侧不能开路，在变压器的高压侧并联了开关Ks和电阻R，从而实现了无过电压开关过程。其工作过程如下：以变压器T1为例，若KS、K2和K3断开，K1和K4闭合，则变压器T1高压侧接入输入电压，T1低压侧输出电压串联接入负载回路中，负载电压发生改变。若此时需要切换到K1和K3断开，K2和K4闭合，变压器退出补偿方式，则使用如下顺序操作：闭合KS，输入电压直接加到电阻R上；延时几十个毫秒，断开开关K1，此时变压器相当于一个电流互感器，电阻R为负载电流提供了一个归算后的电流通道，从而在高压侧无过电压产生；延时等待K1确定断开，接通K2，变压器高压侧绕组短路，电阻R上的电压降为零；延时等待K2确定闭合，断开KS，开关切换过程结束。In order to ensure the reliability of the switching device applied to the series AC voltage stabilizer, it is necessary to ensure that the high-voltage side of the transformer cannot be open-circuited during the switching conversion process, and the switch Ks and the resistor R are connected in parallel on the high-voltage side of the transformer, thereby realizing a non-overvoltage switch process. Its working process is as follows: Take the transformer T1 asan example, ifKS , K2 and K3 are disconnected, andK1 andK4 are closed, the high voltage sideof the transformer T1 is connected to the input voltage, and the output voltageof the low voltage sideofT1 is connected in series Into the load circuit, the load voltage changes. If it is necessary to switch to K1 and K3 disconnected at this time, K2 and K4 closed, and the transformer exits the compensation mode, use the following sequence of operations: close KS , the input voltage is directly added to the resistor R; the delay is dozens of Milliseconds, turn off the switch K1 , at this time the transformer is equivalent to a current transformer, and the resistance R provides a reduced current channel for the load current, so that there is no overvoltage on the high voltage side; delay and wait for K1 to confirm the disconnection , turn on K2 , the winding on the high voltage side of the transformer is short-circuited, and the voltage drop on the resistor R is zero; wait for K2 to be confirmed to be closed, turn off KS , and the switching process ends.
各开关可以为机械开关，也可以为电力电子型开关。电阻R阻值应与变压器的阻抗基准值相当。由于切换过程很短，一般为100毫秒以内，即使输入电压直接加到电阻R上产生非常大的瞬时功率，但时间短，产生的总能量很小，电阻R发热很轻。因此可以用小功率、小体积的电阻R与KS串联。Each switch can be a mechanical switch or a power electronic switch. The resistance value of the resistor R should be equivalent to the impedance reference value of the transformer. Because the switching process is very short, generally within 100 milliseconds, even if the input voltage is directly applied to the resistor R to generate a very large instantaneous power, but the time is short, the total energy generated is very small, and the resistor R generates very little heat. Therefore, a small-power, small-volume resistor R can be connected in series withKS .
本发明可以实现多个变压器的开关切换，本实施例中，以使用两个变压器为例。The present invention can realize switching of multiple transformers. In this embodiment, two transformers are used as an example.
具体的，如图3所示，本发明还包括：第二变压器T2；第一变压器T1与第二变压器T2串联布置；所述开关切换单元还包括：第五开关K5、第六开关K6、第七开关K7、第八开关K8；第二变压器的低压侧线圈3的设置在所述低压侧火线连路5上；Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , the present invention further includes: a second transformer T2; the first transformer T1 and the second transformer T2 are arranged in series; the switching unit further includes: a fifth switch K5 , a sixth switch K6 , the seventh switch K7 , the eighth switch K8 ; the low voltage side coil 3 of the second transformer is set on the low voltage side live wire connection 5 ;
第二变压器高压侧线圈4的第一端4a通过第五开关K5和火线高压侧连路6与电源火线连接；第二变压器高压侧线圈的第一端4a通过第六开关K6与零线高压侧连路7连接；The first end 4a of the high-voltage side coil 4 of the second transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through thefifth switch K5 and the high-voltage side connection 6 of the live wire; the first end 4a of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer is connected to the neutral line through thesixth switch K6 The high-voltage side connection 7 is connected;
第二变压器高压侧线圈的第二端4b通过第七开关K7和火线高压侧连路6与电源火线连接；第二变压器高压侧线圈的第二端4b通过第八开关K8与零线高压侧连路7连接；The second terminal 4b of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer is connected to the live wire of the power supply through theseventh switch K7 and the high-voltage side connection circuit 6 of the live wire; the second end 4b of the high-voltage side coil of the second transformer is connected to the high-voltage neutral line through theeighth switch K8 The side connecting road 7 is connected;
所述第五开关K5与第六开关K6之间设有第三延时控制模块，所述第三延时控制模块用于仅使第五开关K5与第六开关K6其中一个开关闭合，当由第五开关K5闭合切换到第六开关K6闭合时，第五开关K5断开，经过预设的延时后，第六开关K6闭合；或当由第六开关K6闭合切换到第五开关K5闭合时，第六开关K6断开，经过预设的延时后，第五开关K5闭合；A third delay control module is provided between thefifth switch K5 and thesixth switch K6, and the third delay control module is used to switch only one of thefifth switch K5 and thesixth switch K6 Closed, when the fifth switch K5 is closed and switched to the sixth switch K6 is closed, thefifth switchK5 is opened, and after a preset delay, thesixth switch K6 is closed; or when thesixth switch K6. When thefifth switch K5 is closed, thesixth switch K6 is turned off, and after a preset delay, thefifth switch K5 is closed;
所述第七开关K7与第八开关K8之间设有第四延时控制模块，所述第四延时控制模块用于仅使第七开关K7与第八开关K8其中一个开关闭合，当由第七开关K7闭合切换到第八开关K8闭合时，第七开关K7断开，经过预设的延时后，第八开关K8闭合；或当由第八开关K8闭合切换到第七开关K7闭合时，第八开关K8断开，经过预设的延时后，第七开关K7闭合。A fourth delay control module is provided between theseventh switch K7 and theeighth switch K8, and the fourth delay control module is used to switch only one of theseventh switch K7 and theeighth switch K8 Closed, when switching from the seventh switch K7 to the eighth switch K8 , the seventh switch K7 is opened, and after a preset delay, the eighth switch K8 is closed; or when the eighth switch K8 is closed and switched to when the seventh switch K7 is closed, the eighth switch K8 is opened, and after a preset delay, the seventh switch K7 is closed.
所述开关切换单元还包括：第二补偿分路10；所述第二补偿分路10包括串联设置的补偿开关KS1和电阻R1；所述第二补偿分路的第一端13分别与第二变压器高压侧线圈的第一端4a、第五开关K5的一端、第六开关K6的一端连接；所述第二补偿分路的第二端14分别与第二变压器高压侧线圈的第二端4b、第七开关K7的一端、第八开关K8的一端连接。The switching unit also includes: a second compensation branch 10; the second compensation branch 10 includes a compensation switch KS1 and a resistor R1 arranged in series; the first end 13 of the second compensation branch is respectively connected to The first end 4a of the second transformer high-voltage side coil, one end of thefifth switch K5, and one end of thesixth switch K6 are connected; the second end 14 of the second compensation shunt is connected with the second transformer high-voltage side coil respectively. The second terminal 4b is connected to one terminal of theseventh switch K7 and one terminal of theeighth switch K8.
第五开关K5、第六开关K6、第七开关K7、第八开关K8分别采用继电器，或断路器，或大功率继电器；第三延时控制模块、第四延时控制模块分别采用时间继电器，或单片机。The fifth switch K5 , the sixth switch K6 , the seventh switch K7 , and the eighth switch K8 respectively use relays, circuit breakers, or high-power relays; the third delay control module and the fourth delay control module respectively Use a time relay, or a single-chip microcomputer.
为了体现本发明中的有益效果，以图4的TR为一台带有中间抽头的自耦变压器作为对比。当电网输入电压低时，可以将开关Kp断开，K11和K13断开，K12闭合，K14闭合，K15和K16断开，此时输出电压高于输入电压。各种开关的不同组合可以得到不同的输出电压，输出电压可以高于输入电压，也可以低于输入电压。In order to reflect the beneficial effects of the present invention, the TR in FIG. 4 is an autotransformer with a center tap for comparison. When the grid input voltage is low, the switch Kp can be opened,K11 andK13 are opened,K12 is closed,K14 is closed,K15 andK16 are opened, and the output voltage is higher than the input voltageat this time. Different combinations of various switches can obtain different output voltages, and the output voltage can be higher than the input voltage or lower than the input voltage.
在并联交流变压器中，还有采用滑动触点改变变压器输出变比的方式，滑动触点由电机带动，在图4中触点1和3之间滑动，用碳刷代替了图4中的开关。但实践中发现，碳刷在大电流工作环境中，容易磨损并引起接触点氧化，接触点接触不良，易产生火花及发热，普遍运行寿命不长。In the parallel AC transformer, there is also a way to change the output ratio of the transformer by using a sliding contact. The sliding contact is driven by a motor and slides between contacts 1 and 3 in Figure 4, and the switch in Figure 4 is replaced by a carbon brush. . However, it is found in practice that carbon brushes are easy to wear and cause contact point oxidation in a high-current working environment, poor contact point contact, easy to generate sparks and heat, and the general operating life is not long.
本发明提供的应用于串联交流稳压器的开关切换装置，当旁路开关Kp断开时，若K5和K7断开，K6和K8闭合，此时变压器T2高压侧处于短路状态，高压侧电压为零，则串联于负载回路中的次级绕组电压亦为零，T2没有参与对负载的交流电压补偿。此时若K2和K3断开，K1和K4闭合，则变压器T1高压侧接入输入电压，T1低压侧输出电压串联接入负载回路中，负载电压发生改变。若K2和K3闭合，K1和K4断开，则负载电压发生反方向改变。若K1和K3断开，K2和K4闭合，则变压器高压侧电压为零，低压侧电压亦为零，负载电压等于输入电压。改变开关K1至K8的组合方式，可得到不同的输入电压调节变化。In the switching device applied to the series AC voltage stabilizer provided by the present invention, when the bypass switchKp is disconnected, ifK5 andK7 are disconnected,K6 andK8 are closed, and the high voltage side of the transformerT2 is at this time In the short-circuit state, the voltage on the high- voltage side is zero, and the voltage of the secondary winding connected in series with the load circuit is also zero, and T2 does not participate in the AC voltage compensation to the load. At this time, if K2 and K3 are disconnected, and K1 and K4 are closed, the high-voltage side of transformer T1 is connected to the input voltage, and the output voltage of T1 low-voltage side is connected in series to the load circuit, and the load voltage changes. If K2 and K3 are closed and K1 and K4 are open, the load voltage changes in the opposite direction. If K1 and K3 are disconnected and K2 and K4 are closed, the voltage on the high voltage side of the transformer is zero, the voltage on the low voltage side is also zero, and the load voltage is equal to the input voltage. By changing the combination of switchesK1 toK8 , different input voltage regulation changes can be obtained.
本发明为保证应用于串联交流稳压器的开关切换装置的可靠性，需要确保开关转换过程中变压器高压侧不能开路，在变压器的高压侧并联了开关Ks和电阻R，从而实现了无过电压开关过程。其工作过程如下：以变压器T1为例，若KS、K2和K3断开，K1和K4闭合，则变压器T1高压侧接入输入电压，T1低压侧输出电压串联接入负载回路中，负载电压发生改变。若此时需要切换到K1和K3断开，K2和K4闭合，变压器退出补偿方式，则使用如下顺序操作：闭合KS，输入电压直接加到电阻R上；延时几十个毫秒，断开开关K1，此时变压器相当于一个电流互感器，电阻R为负载电流提供了一个归算后的电流通道，从而在高压侧无过电压产生；延时等待K1确定断开，接通K2，变压器高压侧绕组短路，电阻R上的电压降为零；延时等待K2确定闭合，断开KS，开关切换过程结束。In order to ensure the reliability of the switching device applied to the series AC voltage stabilizer, the present invention needs to ensure that the high-voltage side of the transformer cannot be open-circuited during the switching process, and a switch Ks and a resistor R are connected in parallel on the high-voltage side of the transformer, thereby realizing no fault Voltage switching process. Its working process is as follows: Take the transformer T1 asan example, ifKS , K2 and K3 are disconnected, andK1 andK4 are closed, the high voltage sideof the transformer T1 is connected to the input voltage, and the output voltageof the low voltage sideofT1 is connected in series Into the load circuit, the load voltage changes. If it is necessary to switch to K1 and K3 disconnected at this time, K2 and K4 closed, and the transformer exits the compensation mode, use the following sequence of operations: close KS , the input voltage is directly added to the resistor R; the delay is dozens of Milliseconds, turn off the switch K1 , at this time the transformer is equivalent to a current transformer, and the resistance R provides a reduced current channel for the load current, so that there is no overvoltage on the high voltage side; delay and wait for K1 to confirm the disconnection , turn on K2 , the winding on the high voltage side of the transformer is short-circuited, and the voltage drop on the resistor R is zero; wait for K2 to be confirmed to be closed, turn off KS , and the switching process ends.
进一步以具体的实施例为例，采用图2电路，一台5KVA，220/36V的变压器作为T1，即T1低压侧一端接输入电压，另一端直接接负载。整个串联补偿型交流稳压器的输出功率可达35KVA，电阻R采用10欧/500W，继电器作为开关。在切换过程中，无开关过电压存在，电阻R上感觉不到温升。装置在输入电压为176-264V之间时，输出电压可稳定在203-237V之间，实现了通过小功率器件控制大功率的目的。Taking the specific embodiment as an example, the circuit in Figure 2 is used, and a 5KVA, 220/36V transformer is used as T1 , that is, one end of the low-voltage side of T1 is connected to the input voltage, and the other end is directly connected to the load. The output power of the entire series compensated AC voltage stabilizer can reach 35KVA, the resistor R is 10Ω/500W, and the relay is used as a switch. During the switching process, there is no switch overvoltage, and no temperature rise can be felt on the resistor R. When the input voltage of the device is between 176-264V, the output voltage can be stabilized between 203-237V, realizing the purpose of controlling high power through low-power devices.
本技术方案采用了并联一个开关和一个电阻的方式，解决了串联补偿型交流稳压器在运行过程中，开关状态切换时产生的过电压现象，可有效保护切换开关和变压器绕组，避免设备损坏，实现设备在现场的长期稳定运行。同时，技术方案中使用的均为小功率器件，如小功率变压器控制大功率输出，小电流开关作为控制回路。由于采用小功率器件，装置本身发热小，有利于现场稳定工作。并且相对而言，小功率器件成本低，可靠性高，可以节省大量材料，有效降低装置材料成本，提高产品的经济效益。This technical solution adopts the method of connecting a switch and a resistor in parallel, which solves the overvoltage phenomenon generated when the switch state is switched during the operation of the series compensated AC voltage stabilizer, and can effectively protect the switch and transformer windings and avoid equipment damage. , to achieve long-term stable operation of the equipment on site. At the same time, all low-power devices are used in the technical solution, such as low-power transformers to control high-power output, and low-current switches as control loops. Due to the use of low-power devices, the device itself generates less heat, which is conducive to stable work on site. And relatively speaking, low-power devices have low cost and high reliability, which can save a lot of materials, effectively reduce the cost of device materials, and improve the economic benefits of products.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参考即可。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.
本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”“第四”等（如果存在）是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the description and claims of the present invention and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and not necessarily Describe a specific order or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610549255.2ACN105974984B (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2016-07-13 | A kind of switching device applied to series AC voltage-stablizer |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610549255.2ACN105974984B (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2016-07-13 | A kind of switching device applied to series AC voltage-stablizer |
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| CN105974984Atrue CN105974984A (en) | 2016-09-28 |
| CN105974984B CN105974984B (en) | 2017-12-15 |
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| CN201610549255.2AActiveCN105974984B (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2016-07-13 | A kind of switching device applied to series AC voltage-stablizer |
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| CN114696331A (en)* | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-01 | 东北电力大学 | Low-voltage series compensation uninterrupted switching and inrush current prevention method |
| CN119543577A (en)* | 2025-01-21 | 2025-02-28 | 厦门欣众达科技有限公司 | A motor for AC/DC high voltage and low voltage |
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| EP2290775A1 (en)* | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-02 | ABB Research Ltd. | A method of fault phase selection and fault type determination |
| CN103701135A (en)* | 2013-11-25 | 2014-04-02 | 国家电网公司 | Intelligent series compensation device for distribution network and use method of compensation device |
| CN105226661A (en)* | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 国网山东省电力公司东营供电公司 | The suppressing method of a kind of voltage ripple of power network and flickering |
| CN105515009A (en)* | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Series-compensative bidirectional automatic voltage-regulating method for low-voltage power distribution line |
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| CN114696331A (en)* | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-01 | 东北电力大学 | Low-voltage series compensation uninterrupted switching and inrush current prevention method |
| CN119543577A (en)* | 2025-01-21 | 2025-02-28 | 厦门欣众达科技有限公司 | A motor for AC/DC high voltage and low voltage |
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