技术领域technical field
本公开涉及一种毫米波通信的波束形成方法，以及使用此方法的基站与用户设备。The present disclosure relates to a beamforming method for millimeter wave communication, and a base station and user equipment using the method.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的进步，使用毫米波(Millimeter Wave，简称mmWave)的无线通信技术依然存在一些技术困难。基本上，使用毫米波首先面对的在于传播过程中可能遇到波能严重衰减，这跟毫米波通信系统操作于高频带并使用相当大的带宽进行通信有非常大的关联。进一步来说，相较于现今普遍使用的第三代(3G)或第四代(4G)通信系统，毫米波通信系统使用相对高频的频段来进行通信。可以知道的是，电磁波的传播在高频段(例如，毫米波)较低频段(例如，微米波)来的不可靠。接收机所接收到的电磁波能量强弱会与信号传送距离的平方成反比并与电磁波信号的波长成正比，于是毫米波通信系统将会因为使用短波长的高频信号而大幅提升信号能量衰减的幅度。并且，高频信号的使用也将造成天线孔径骤降，并可能导致毫米波通信系统中的传送信号的信号能量递减。With the advancement of technology, there are still some technical difficulties in the wireless communication technology using millimeter wave (Millimeter Wave, mmWave for short). Basically, the first problem faced by the use of millimeter waves is that the wave energy may be severely attenuated during the propagation process, which is very related to the fact that the millimeter wave communication system operates in a high frequency band and uses a considerable bandwidth for communication. Furthermore, compared with the third generation (3G) or fourth generation (4G) communication system commonly used today, the millimeter wave communication system uses a relatively high-frequency frequency band for communication. It is known that the propagation of electromagnetic waves is unreliable at high frequency bands (eg, millimeter waves) and lower frequency bands (eg, micron waves). The strength of the electromagnetic wave energy received by the receiver will be inversely proportional to the square of the signal transmission distance and proportional to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave signal, so the millimeter wave communication system will greatly increase the attenuation of signal energy due to the use of short-wavelength high-frequency signals magnitude. Moreover, the use of high-frequency signals will also cause a sharp drop in the aperture of the antenna, and may lead to a decrease in the signal energy of the transmitted signal in the millimeter wave communication system.
再者，由于使用高频段的电磁波信号，因此毫米波通信系统中收发信号穿透障碍物的能力明显降低。一般来说，对于毫米波通信系统来说，系统效能对于信号传送路径中的障碍物非常敏感。即信号传输的直视性(Line ofSight，LOS)与非直视性(Non Line of Sight，NLOS)属于非常重要的考虑。另外，雨天、空气中的氧气跟水蒸气等等也都会吸收掉毫米波能量。除此之外，为了达到高数据传输效率，毫米波通信系统使用相当大的带宽(例如500MHz～1GHz)进行数据传输，此举也将大幅提高噪声能量并因此降低信噪比。因此，为了确保通信质量，毫米波通信系统中的收发器通常需要使用到多天线波束形成技术来改善信号能量衰减用以增益收发信号的效能。Furthermore, due to the use of high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, the ability of transmitting and receiving signals to penetrate obstacles in the millimeter wave communication system is significantly reduced. In general, for mmWave communication systems, system performance is very sensitive to obstacles in the signal transmission path. That is, Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS) of signal transmission are very important considerations. In addition, rainy days, oxygen and water vapor in the air will also absorb millimeter wave energy. In addition, in order to achieve high data transmission efficiency, the millimeter wave communication system uses a relatively large bandwidth (for example, 500MHz-1GHz) for data transmission, which will also greatly increase noise energy and thus reduce the signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, in order to ensure the communication quality, the transceiver in the millimeter wave communication system generally needs to use multi-antenna beamforming technology to improve the signal energy attenuation to increase the efficiency of sending and receiving signals.
一般来说，相关技术是在基站/用户设备上配置包括多个天线的天线阵列，藉由控制这些天线让基站/用户设备可产生具有指向性的波束。藉由天线阵列所达成的波束形成技术是影响毫米波无线通信系统的效能的关键因素之一。进一步来说，由于基站/用户设备所产生的波束具有可调整的波束指向与波束场型，因此波束的波束场型与波束指向将直接影响基站与用户设备之间是否可建立数据传输路径。比如，基站可通过波束扫描来与用户设备建立数据传输路径，而所述波束扫描为基站于蜂窝小区内依序朝不同方向发射涵盖范围有限的波束。因此，波束的涵盖范围(filed of view，FoV)也成为决定基站与用户设备建立数据传输路径所需耗费时间的重要因素之一。基此，如何藉由波束形成技术来提升毫米波无线通信系统的效能着实为本领域技术所关心的重要议题之一。Generally speaking, in related technologies, an antenna array including multiple antennas is configured on the base station/user equipment, and by controlling these antennas, the base station/user equipment can generate directional beams. The beamforming technology achieved by the antenna array is one of the key factors affecting the performance of the millimeter wave wireless communication system. Furthermore, since the beam generated by the base station/UE has adjustable beam pointing and beam pattern, the beam pattern and beam pointing will directly affect whether a data transmission path can be established between the base station and the UE. For example, the base station can establish a data transmission path with the user equipment through beam scanning, and the beam scanning is that the base station sequentially transmits beams with limited coverage in different directions within the cell. Therefore, the coverage area (filed of view, FoV) of the beam also becomes one of the important factors determining the time required for establishing the data transmission path between the base station and the user equipment. Based on this, how to improve the performance of the millimeter wave wireless communication system by using the beamforming technology is indeed one of the important issues concerned by the technology in this field.
发明内容Contents of the invention
因此，本公开提出一种毫米波通信的波束形成方法。特别是，本公开提出一种毫米波通信的波束形成方法，以及使用此方法的基站与用户设备，能够有效的管理波束以及调度优选波束用来做数据的传输。Therefore, the present disclosure proposes a beamforming method for millimeter wave communication. In particular, the present disclosure proposes a beamforming method for mmWave communication, and a base station and user equipment using the method can effectively manage beams and schedule preferred beams for data transmission.
本公开提供一种毫米波通信的波束形成方法。根据一范例实施例，所述波束形成方法适用于具有产生Q个基站波束的能力的基站。所述波束形成方法包括以下步骤。在执行网络登录时，藉由作为Q个扫描波束的Q个基站波束，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来传递多个周期信号，其中M≧1以及Q≧1。在藉由从Q个基站波束中选出的经调度波束执行用户设备连接(UEconnection)时，藉由至少一经调度波束，使用M个无线电帧的负载区来收发数据分组。The present disclosure provides a beamforming method for millimeter wave communication. According to an exemplary embodiment, the beamforming method is applicable to a base station capable of generating Q base station beams. The beamforming method includes the following steps. When performing network registration, a plurality of periodic signals are transmitted using frame headers of M radio frames by Q base station beams as Q scanning beams, where M≧1 and Q≧1. When UE connection is performed through the scheduled beam selected from the Q base station beams, at least one scheduled beam is used to transmit and receive data packets using the payload area of M radio frames.
本公开提供一种基站。根据一范例实施例，所述基站为具有产生Q个基站波束，且包括收发电路以及处理电路的基站。收发电路经配置以传递与接收毫米波通信的无线信号。处理电路耦接于收发电路，并且经配置以在执行网络登录时，藉由作为Q个扫描波束的Q个基站波束，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来传递多个周期信号，M≧1以及Q≧1。处理电路经配置以在藉由从Q个基站波束中选出的经调度电路执行用户设备连接时，藉由作为至少一经调度波束的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的负载区来收发数据分组。The present disclosure provides a base station. According to an exemplary embodiment, the base station is a base station capable of generating Q base station beams, and includes a transceiver circuit and a processing circuit. The transceiver circuit is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals of mmWave communication. The processing circuit is coupled to the transceiver circuit and is configured to transmit a plurality of periodic signals using frame headers of M radio frames by using Q base station beams as Q scanning beams when network entry is performed, M≧1 and Q≧1. The processing circuit is configured to use at least one of the Q base station beams as the at least one scheduled beam when performing the user equipment connection by the scheduled circuit selected from the Q base station beams, using the M radio frames The payload area is used to send and receive data packets.
本公开提供一种毫米波通信的波束形成方法。根据一范例实施例，所述波束形成方法适用于用户设备。所述波束形成方法包括以下步骤。在执行网络登录时，藉由作为Q个扫描波束的至少其中之一的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的帧标头来接收多个周期信号，其中M≧1以及Q≧1。从Q个基站波束中，决定作为至少一经调度波束的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一。在藉由从Q个基站波束选出的至少一经调度波束执行用户设备连接时，藉由至少一经调度波束，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的负载区来收发数据分组。The present disclosure provides a beamforming method for millimeter wave communication. According to an exemplary embodiment, the beamforming method is applicable to a user equipment. The beamforming method includes the following steps. receiving a plurality of periodic signals using a frame header of at least one of the M radio frames by at least one of the Q base station beams being at least one of the Q scanning beams when performing network entry, where M≧1 and Q≧1. From the Q base station beams, at least one of the Q base station beams as at least one scheduled beam is determined. When the user equipment is connected by at least one scheduled beam selected from the Q base station beams, the at least one scheduled beam is used to transmit and receive data packets using the load area of at least one of the M radio frames.
本公开提供一种用户设备。根据一范例实施例，所述用户设备包括收发电路以及处理电路。收发电路经配置以传递与接收毫米波通信的无线信号。处理电路耦接于收发电路，并且经配置以在执行网络登录时，藉由作为至少一扫描波束的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的帧标头来接收多个周期信号，其中M≧1以及Q≧1。处理电路经配置以从Q个基站波束中，决定作为至少一经调度波束的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一，并且在藉由从Q个基站波束选出的经调度波束执行用户设备连接时，藉由至少一经调度波束，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的负载区来收发数据分组。The present disclosure provides a user equipment. According to an exemplary embodiment, the user equipment includes a transceiver circuit and a processing circuit. The transceiver circuit is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals of mmWave communication. The processing circuit is coupled to the transceiver circuit and is configured to use the frame header of at least one of the M radio frames by at least one of the Q base station beams being at least one scanning beam when performing network entry To receive multiple periodic signals, where M≧1 and Q≧1. The processing circuit is configured to determine at least one of the Q base station beams as at least one scheduled beam from among the Q base station beams, and when the user equipment connection is performed by the scheduled beam selected from the Q base station beams, Data packets are transceived using the payload area of at least one of the M radio frames by at least one scheduled beam.
基于上述，在无线电帧的帧标头中，朝向不同方向且作为多个扫描波束的多个基站波束连续且周期性地由基站发送。除此之外，在无线电帧的负载区中，从基站波束所选的至少一经调度波束动态的被调度且由基站发送，以用来做数据的传输。Based on the above, in the frame header of the radio frame, a plurality of base station beams facing different directions and serving as a plurality of scanning beams are continuously and periodically transmitted by the base station. Besides, in the load area of the radio frame, at least one scheduled beam selected from the beams of the base station is dynamically scheduled and sent by the base station for data transmission.
为让本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举实施例，并配合附图作详细说明如下。In order to make the above-mentioned features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the following specific embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图包含于本文中以便于进一步理解本公开，且并入于本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。附图说明本公开的实施例，并与描述一起用以解释本公开的原理。The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of the disclosure.
图1A是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的基站的概要方块图。FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagram of a base station according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图1B是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的用户设备的概要方块图。FIG. 1B is a schematic block diagram of a user equipment according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图2是根据本公开一实施例所绘示的波束形成的毫米波通信的示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of beamforming mmWave communication according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
图3A是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由基站操作的波束形成方法的流程图。FIG. 3A is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a base station according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图3B是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由用户设备操作的波束形成方法的流程图。FIG. 3B is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a user equipment according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图4是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的用于毫米波通信的帧结构的示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure for mmWave communication according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图5是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的波束形成机制的无线电帧的示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a radio frame of a beamforming mechanism according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.
图6A与图7A是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的集中型的帧标头中的扫描波束分配的示意图。FIG. 6A and FIG. 7A are schematic diagrams of scanning beam allocation in a centralized frame header according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图6B与图7B是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的分散型的帧标头中的扫描波束分配的示意图。FIG. 6B and FIG. 7B are schematic diagrams of scanning beam allocation in a decentralized frame header according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图8是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的在扫描波束上周期地发送信号的示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of periodically sending signals on scanning beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图9是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由基站操作的波束形成方法的流程图。FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a base station according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
图10是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由用户设备操作的波束形成方法的流程图。FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a user equipment according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
【符号说明】【Symbol Description】
100：基站100: base station
110、210：收发电路110, 210: transceiver circuit
120、220：处理电路120, 220: processing circuit
130、230：存储器电路130, 230: memory circuit
140：波束形成单元140: beamforming unit
150：天线阵列150: Antenna array
200：用户设备200: user equipment
240：天线单元240: Antenna unit
400：无线电帧400: radio frame
411：下行帧标头411: Downstream frame header
412：上行帧标头412: Upstream frame header
413：帧标头413: frame header
414、701、702：负载区414, 701, 702: load zone
61～82：子帧61~82: subframe
C1：小区C1: Community
D1：顺时针方向D1: clockwise
DL：下行DL: downlink
UL：上行UL: uplink
#1、#2、#3、#4、#5、#6、#7：波束#1, #2, #3, #4, #5, #6, #7: Beam
S310、S320、S330、S340、S350、S910、S920、S930、S940、S950、S960、S970、S1001、S1002、S1003、S1004、S1005、S1006、S1007、S1008、S1009：波束形成方法的步骤S310, S320, S330, S340, S350, S910, S920, S930, S940, S950, S960, S970, S1001, S1002, S1003, S1004, S1005, S1006, S1007, S1008, S1009: steps of the beamforming method
具体实施方式detailed description
在以下的实施方式中为了解释上的目的，将阐述大量具体细节以提供对本公开实施例更全面性的理解。然而，必须清楚的是，一或多个实施例也可能在不具备上述的具体细节下被实作。另一方面，为了简化附图，已知的结构或设备将以示意图来表示。In the following embodiments, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a fuller understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without the specific details described above. On the other hand, known structures or devices will be schematically shown in order to simplify the drawings.
以下将参照附图以提供本领域技术人员对本公开实施例更全面性的理解。本发明可以许多不同的方式实作而不限制于本文所提出的实施例。在本文的公开中将省略已知部件的说明，并且在本文的公开当中相同的标号被使用来表示相同或类似的部分。The accompanying drawings will be referred to below to provide those skilled in the art with a more comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The present invention can be practiced in many different ways and is not limited to the embodiments presented herein. Description of known components will be omitted in the disclosure herein, and the same reference numerals will be used to denote the same or similar parts throughout the disclosure herein.
在本公开中，「基站」一词可表示多种不同的实施方式，其包括但不限于例如是家用演进基站(Home evolved Node B，HeNB)、演进基站(evolved NodeB，eNB)、进阶基站(advanced base station，ABS)、基地收发机系统(basetransceiver system，BTS)、接入点(access point)、家用基站(home base station)、中继站(relay)、散射体(scatterer)、中继器(repeater)、中间节点(intermediatenode)、中间装置(intermediary)和/或卫星通信基站(satellite-basedcommunication base station)。In this disclosure, the term "base station" may refer to a variety of different implementations, including but not limited to, for example, Home evolved Node B (HeNB), evolved Node B (eNB), advanced base station (advanced base station, ABS), base transceiver system (basetransceiver system, BTS), access point (access point), home base station (home base station), relay station (relay), scatterer (scatterer), repeater ( repeater), intermediate node (intermediate node), intermediate device (intermediary) and/or satellite communication base station (satellite-basedcommunication base station).
根据本公开的实施例，基站至少可表示为如图1A所绘示的功能设备。基站100至少包括(但不限于)收发电路110、处理电路120、存储器电路130(可选)、波束形成电路140以及天线阵列150。According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a base station may at least be represented as a functional device as shown in FIG. 1A . The base station 100 includes at least (but not limited to) a transceiver circuit 110 , a processing circuit 120 , a memory circuit 130 (optional), a beamforming circuit 140 and an antenna array 150 .
收发电路110可以无线方式传递与接收上行(uplink，UL)信号和/或下行(downlink，DL)信号。收发电路110也可执行诸如低噪声放大、阻抗匹配、混频、升频转换、降频转换、滤波、增幅或类似的操作。举例而言，收发电路110可包括放大器、混频器、振荡器、模拟转数字转换器(ADC)、数字转模拟转换器(DAC)、滤波器或类似的元件。模拟转数字转换器经配置以在上行信号处理阶段中，将模拟信号格式转换为数字信号格式，而数字转模拟转换器经配置以在下行信号处理阶段，将数字信号格式转换为模拟信号格式。The transceiver circuit 110 can transmit and receive uplink (uplink, UL) signals and/or downlink (downlink, DL) signals in a wireless manner. The transceiver circuit 110 may also perform operations such as low noise amplification, impedance matching, frequency mixing, up-conversion, down-conversion, filtering, amplification, or the like. For example, the transceiver circuit 110 may include an amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a filter, or the like. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to convert an analog signal format to a digital signal format in an upstream signal processing stage, and the digital-to-analog converter is configured to convert a digital signal format to an analog signal format in a downstream signal processing stage.
基站100的波束形成电路140可对收发电路110所提供的信号执行波束形成操作。举例而言，波束形成电路140包括多个相位转换器以及多个功率放大器(PA)。因此，送至天线阵列150中各天线的信号相对相位可被适当的调整，以增强信号在指定方向的强度，但在其他方向的强度则被压缩。换句话说，借着操作波束形成电路140，基站100能够朝不同方向或以不同场型产生多个波束。The beamforming circuit 140 of the base station 100 may perform a beamforming operation on the signal provided by the transceiver circuit 110 . For example, the beamforming circuit 140 includes a plurality of phase shifters and a plurality of power amplifiers (PAs). Therefore, the relative phases of the signals sent to the antennas in the antenna array 150 can be properly adjusted to enhance the strength of the signal in a specified direction, but compress the strength in other directions. In other words, by operating the beamforming circuit 140, the base station 100 can generate multiple beams in different directions or in different patterns.
处理电路120经配置以处理数字信号，以及执行根据本公开的范例实施例所提出方法的程序。此外，处理电路120可选择性地耦接于存储器电路130，以便存取程序代码、装置配置、码本与缓冲或永久数据，以及记录由处理电路120所执行的多个模块。处理电路120的功能可藉使用诸如微处理器、微控制器、数字信号处理(digital signal processing)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(fieldprogrammable gate array)，以及其他类似的可编程单元来实作。处理电路120的功能也可藉由独立的电子装置或集成电路来实作，并且处理电路也可以硬件或软件的型式来实作。The processing circuit 120 is configured to process digital signals and execute the procedures of the method proposed by the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, the processing circuit 120 is optionally coupled to the memory circuit 130 for accessing program codes, device configurations, codebooks, and buffered or persistent data, as well as recording various modules executed by the processing circuit 120 . The functions of the processing circuit 120 can be implemented by using a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processing chip, a field programmable gate array, and other similar programmable units. The function of the processing circuit 120 can also be implemented by an independent electronic device or an integrated circuit, and the processing circuit can also be implemented in the form of hardware or software.
在本公开中，「用户设备」一词可表示多种不同的实施方式，其包括但不限于例如是移动台(mobile station，MS)、进阶移动台(advanced mobile station，AMS)、服务器、用户终端、桌上型计算机、笔记型计算机、网络计算机、工作站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、个人计算机(personalcomputer，PC)、扫描器、电话装置、传呼机(pager)、相机、电视机、手持式视频游戏装置、音乐装置、无线传感器以及其他类似的设备。在一些应用当中，用户设备可为操作于诸如公车、火车、飞机、船、汽车以及其他类似的移动环境中的固定计算机装置。In this disclosure, the term "user equipment" may refer to various implementations, including but not limited to, for example, a mobile station (mobile station, MS), an advanced mobile station (advanced mobile station, AMS), a server, User terminal, desktop computer, notebook computer, network computer, workstation, personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA), personal computer (personal computer, PC), scanner, telephone device, pager (pager), camera, Televisions, handheld video game devices, music devices, wireless sensors, and other similar devices. In some applications, the user equipment may be a stationary computer device operating in mobile environments such as buses, trains, airplanes, boats, automobiles, and other similar.
根据本公开的实施例，用户设备至少可表示为如图1B所绘示的功能设备。用户设备200至少包括(但不限于)收发电路210、处理电路220、存储器电路230(可选)，以及一或多个天线单元240。存储器电路230能够存储程序代码、装置配置、缓冲或永久数据、码本等。处理电路220也可以硬件或软件的型式来实作。用户设备200中各元件的功能是类似于其在基站100中的功能，因此上述各元件的详细描述将不再重复赘述。虽然未于图1B中绘示，在一范例实施例中，用户设备200也可包括波束形成单元，藉由使用具有方向性的波束来与基站100进行通信。According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the user equipment may at least be represented as a functional device as shown in FIG. 1B . The user equipment 200 includes at least (but not limited to) a transceiver circuit 210 , a processing circuit 220 , a memory circuit 230 (optional), and one or more antenna units 240 . Memory circuitry 230 is capable of storing program codes, device configurations, buffered or persistent data, codebooks, and the like. The processing circuit 220 can also be implemented in the form of hardware or software. The functions of the elements in the user equipment 200 are similar to their functions in the base station 100, so the detailed description of the above elements will not be repeated. Although not shown in FIG. 1B , in an exemplary embodiment, the user equipment 200 may also include a beamforming unit to communicate with the base station 100 by using directional beams.
在本公开的范例实施例中，操作于极高频带的手机系统能够利用基于波束形成技术所获得的天线增益来补偿传输路径上的能量损耗。前述的极高频带例如是约38千兆赫(GHz)毫米波频带，但本公开并不限于此。波束形成技术是从多数个天线来发送信号以使信号可聚集于一特定方向的技术。基站100能够调整从各天线所发送信号的相位，故从所有天线发送的信号可聚集于特定方向以产生定向波束。因此，由基站100所传递的波束可被位于特定方向的用户设备200所接收。In the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the mobile phone system operating in the EHF band can use the antenna gain obtained based on the beamforming technology to compensate the energy loss on the transmission path. The aforementioned extremely high frequency band is, for example, about 38 gigahertz (GHz) millimeter wave frequency band, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Beamforming is the technique of sending signals from multiple antennas so that the signals can be focused in a specific direction. The base station 100 is capable of adjusting the phases of signals transmitted from each antenna, so that signals transmitted from all antennas can be focused in a specific direction to generate a directional beam. Therefore, the beam transmitted by the base station 100 can be received by the user equipment 200 located in a specific direction.
图2是根据本公开一实施例所绘示的波束形成的毫米波通信的示意图。请参照图2，基站100能够在小区C1中朝向不同方向连续地产生多个基站波束。在本范例实施例中，例如，基站100能够产生八个不同波束方向的基站波束#0～#7，并且基站100能够依据顺时针方向D1连续地传递基站波束#0～#7。基站波束#0～#7的覆盖范围能够覆盖整个小区C1。换句话说，基站100能够借着切换七次波束方向，来产生基站波束#0～#7以覆盖整个小区C1。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of beamforming mmWave communication according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to FIG. 2 , the base station 100 can continuously generate multiple base station beams in different directions in the cell C1 . In this exemplary embodiment, for example, the base station 100 can generate eight base station beams #0-#7 with different beam directions, and the base station 100 can continuously transmit the base station beams #0-#7 according to the clockwise direction D1. The coverage of base station beams #0 to #7 can cover the entire cell C1. In other words, the base station 100 can generate base station beams #0˜#7 to cover the entire cell C1 by switching beam directions seven times.
在本公开中，基站100可借着使用以下公开所定义出的波束形成帧的帧标头，连续地依序发送作为扫描波束的基站波束#0～#7。在此「扫描波束」一词表示在帧标头中传递的基站波束，且用于波束搜寻与小区搜寻的周期性信号与用于网络登录程序的网络系统信息是通过帧标头而传递。也就是说，基站100可藉由各扫描波束传递周期信号以及网络系统信息，以使至少一用户设备能够在小区C1中的任何地方执行波束探寻、波束追踪以及网络登录程序。网络登录程序可为网络接取(camp-on)程序、信号换手(handover)程序、回退(fallback)程序以及其他类似的程序，本公开不在此限制。In the present disclosure, the base station 100 can continuously and sequentially transmit the base station beams #0˜#7 as scanning beams by using the frame header of the beamforming frame defined in the following disclosure. Here, the term "scanning beam" refers to the base station beam conveyed in the frame header, and periodic signals for beam search and cell search and network system information for network entry procedure are conveyed through the frame header. That is to say, the base station 100 can transmit periodic signals and network system information through each scanning beam, so that at least one user equipment can perform beam search, beam tracking and network login procedures anywhere in the cell C1. The network login procedure may be a camp-on procedure, a signal handover procedure, a fallback procedure and other similar procedures, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.
换句话说，当用户设备200进入小区C1，用户设备200与基站100能够藉由扫描波束的至少其中之一执行网络登录程序，其中扫描波束的至少其中之一为基站波束#0～#7的至少其中之一。因此，用户设备200能够与基站100进行同步并且获得网络系统信息。以图2为例而言，用户设备200能够接收藉由部分的扫描波束，即基站波束#0到#7中的部分所传递的波束搜寻信号，并且执行波束探寻以从基站波束#0～#7中决定用作数据传递的至少一经调度波束。举例而言，在接收到扫描波束#1～#3的三个波束搜寻信号后，用户设备200会向基站100回报基站波束#2是最适合用来通信的波束，故图2中的基站100会调度波束#2以用于接续的数据传输。也就是说，基站波束#2被选择作为经调度波束。在此「经调度波束」一词表示在帧的负载区中被传递的波束，并且经调度波束可被调度与传递以用于在用户设备200与基站100之间的数据传输。基站100以及用户设备200首先使用扫描波束来执行网络登录程序，接着使用经调度波束来执行用户设备连接，以便于使用经调度波束来执行数据分组传输。如此一来，数据以及控制信号能够借着使用波束形成技术来被传递于毫米波的频带之中，并且网络登录程序也能够藉由毫米波波束来完成。In other words, when the user equipment 200 enters the cell C1, the user equipment 200 and the base station 100 can perform the network login procedure by scanning at least one of the beams, wherein at least one of the scanning beams is the base station beam #0-#7 at least one of them. Therefore, the user equipment 200 can synchronize with the base station 100 and obtain network system information. Taking FIG. 2 as an example, the user equipment 200 can receive the beam search signal transmitted by part of the scanning beams, that is, the part of the base station beams #0 to #7, and perform beam search to scan from the base station beams #0~# 7 to determine at least one scheduled beam for data delivery. For example, after receiving three beam search signals scanning beams #1-#3, the user equipment 200 will report to the base station 100 that the base station beam #2 is the most suitable beam for communication, so the base station 100 in FIG. 2 Beam #2 will be scheduled for subsequent data transmission. That is, base station beam #2 is selected as the scheduled beam. The term “scheduled beam” herein refers to a beam that is delivered in the load area of a frame, and the scheduled beam can be scheduled and delivered for data transmission between the UE 200 and the base station 100 . The base station 100 and the user equipment 200 first use the scanning beam to perform a network entry procedure, and then use the scheduled beam to perform user equipment connection, so as to use the scheduled beam to perform data packet transmission. In this way, data and control signals can be transmitted in the mmWave frequency band by using beamforming technology, and the network login procedure can also be completed by using the mmWave beam.
图3A是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由基站操作的波束形成方法的流程图。在步骤S310中，在网络登录阶段，处理电路120可在执行网络登录时，藉由作为Q个扫描波束的Q个基站波束，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来传递多个周期信号，其中M≧1以及Q≧1。在一范例实施例中，依据用户设备用来回报反馈讯息时所使用的优选扫描波束，处理电路120可以知道用户设备的位置，因而可以调度经调度波束以传递数据分组。如此一来，在步骤S320，在用户设备连接阶段，处理电路120可在藉由从Q个基站波束中选出的经调度波束执行用户设备连接时，藉由作为至少一经调度波束的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的负载区来收发数据分组。FIG. 3A is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a base station according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In step S310, in the network entry phase, the processing circuit 120 may use Q base station beams as Q scanning beams to transmit a plurality of periodic signals using frame headers of M radio frames when performing network entry, wherein M≧1 and Q≧1. In an exemplary embodiment, according to the preferred scanning beam used by the UE to report the feedback message, the processing circuit 120 can know the location of the UE, and thus can schedule the scheduled beam to transmit the data packet. In this way, in step S320, in the user equipment connection stage, the processing circuit 120 may use the Q base stations as at least one scheduled beam when performing the user equipment connection by using the scheduled beam selected from the Q base station beams At least one of the beams uses the payload area of the M radio frames to transmit and receive data packets.
另一方面，图3B是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由用户设备操作的波束形成方法的流程图。在步骤S330中，在网络登录阶段，处理电路220可在执行网络登录时，藉由作为Q个扫描波束的至少其中之一的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的帧标头来接收多个周期信号，其中M≧1以及Q≧1。在步骤S340中，在网络登录阶段或用户设备连接阶段，处理电路220可从Q个基站波束中，决定Q个扫描波束的至少其中之一作为至少一经调度波束。处理电路220可基于信号特性测量(但不限于此)，从基站波束中选择经调度波束。在步骤S350中，在用户设备连接阶段，处理电路220可在藉由从Q个基站波束中选出的经调度波束执行用户设备连接时，藉由至少一经调度波束，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的负载区来收发数据分组。On the other hand, FIG. 3B is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a user equipment according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In step S330, in the network entry stage, the processing circuit 220 may use at least one of the Q base station beams as at least one of the Q scanning beams when performing network entry, using at least one of the M radio frames One of the frame headers receives multiple periodic signals, where M≧1 and Q≧1. In step S340, in the network login stage or the user equipment connection stage, the processing circuit 220 may determine at least one of the Q scanning beams from the Q base station beams as at least one scheduled beam. Processing circuitry 220 may select a scheduled beam from the base station beams based on, but not limited to, signal characteristic measurements. In step S350, in the user equipment connection stage, the processing circuit 220 may use at least one of the M radio frames by at least one scheduled beam when performing the user equipment connection by the scheduled beam selected from the Q base station beams. One of the load areas is used to send and receive data packets.
此外，在用户设备连接阶段，由于用户设备200可在小区中移动，因此能够被用户设备200接收的基站波束，是会随着用户设备200的位置变化而动态地改变。也就是说，为了达到无缝的数据传输，用来切换经调度波束的波束追踪是必要的。在一范例实施例中，除了在网络登录阶段使用扫描波束来作波束探寻外，承载有波束搜寻信号的扫描波束也可被使用于在用户设备连接阶段中切换经调度波束的波束追踪中。换句话说，对于移动中的用户设备，在传递数据分组时，基站100以及用户设备200可同时藉由扫描波束来执行波束追踪。In addition, during the user equipment connection phase, since the user equipment 200 can move in the cell, the base station beams that can be received by the user equipment 200 will change dynamically as the location of the user equipment 200 changes. That is, to achieve seamless data transmission, beam tracking for switching scheduled beams is necessary. In an exemplary embodiment, in addition to using the scanning beam for beam hunting during the network login phase, the scanning beam carrying the beam search signal may also be used for beam tracking during the UE connection phase to switch scheduled beams. In other words, for a moving UE, the base station 100 and the UE 200 can simultaneously perform beam tracking by scanning beams when transmitting data packets.
图4是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的用于毫米波通信的帧结构的示意图。无线电帧400包括帧标头413，并且帧标头413是位于无线电帧400的起始段。藉由各扫描波束所传递的帧标头413可承载网络登录程序的网络系统信息、波束搜寻信号、小区搜寻信号以及下行控制信号。举例而言，分别对应于多个扫描波束的波束搜寻信号，可使用对应的帧标头而通过扫描波束传递。换句话说，基站100会藉由各扫描波束与其所对应的帧标头，周期性地传递控制信号以及关联于网络登录程序的系统信息。此外，无线电帧400的负载区414是被使用于下行/上行数据传输中，并且根据基站与用户设备的相对位置，被用于下行/上行数据传输的经调度波束会动态地被分配于无线电帧的负载区414中。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure for mmWave communication according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The radio frame 400 includes a frame header 413 , and the frame header 413 is located at the beginning of the radio frame 400 . The frame header 413 transmitted by each scanning beam can carry the network system information of the network registration procedure, the beam search signal, the cell search signal and the downlink control signal. For example, the beam search signals respectively corresponding to the plurality of scanning beams can be transmitted through the scanning beams using the corresponding frame headers. In other words, the base station 100 periodically transmits control signals and system information related to the network login procedure through each scanning beam and its corresponding frame header. In addition, the payload area 414 of the radio frame 400 is used for downlink/uplink data transmission, and according to the relative positions of the base station and the user equipment, the scheduled beams used for downlink/uplink data transmission will be dynamically assigned to the radio frame in the load area 414 .
进一步地说，帧标头413包括下行帧标头411以及上行帧标头412，并且本公开并不限制下行帧标头411与上行帧标头412的配置次序。在下行帧标头411中，波束探寻以及网络登录可以被执行。更明确地说，承载有所属波束识别符的至少一波束搜寻信号，可藉由下行帧标头411中的至少一扫描波束而被基站传递。用户设备可检测波束搜寻信号，并且用户设备可借着优选的扫描波束来通知基站用户设备所位于的扫描波束。也就是说，基站可藉由扫描波束而使用无线电帧的帧标头来传递波束搜寻信号，并且用户设备可藉由至少一扫描波束而使用无线电帧的帧标头来接收至少一波束搜寻信号。Further, the frame header 413 includes a downlink frame header 411 and an uplink frame header 412 , and the present disclosure does not limit the configuration order of the downlink frame header 411 and the uplink frame header 412 . In the downlink frame header 411, beam hunting and network entry can be performed. More specifically, at least one beam search signal carrying the associated beam identifier can be transmitted by the base station through at least one scanning beam in the downlink frame header 411 . The user equipment can detect the beam search signal, and the user equipment can inform the base station of the scanning beam where the user equipment is located by means of the preferred scanning beam. That is, the base station can transmit the beam search signal by using the frame header of the radio frame by scanning the beam, and the user equipment can receive at least one beam search signal by using the frame header of the radio frame by scanning the beam at least one.
除此之外，在一范例实施例中，网络登录程序的同步信号或参考信号可使用下行帧标头411而藉由扫描波束传递。在一范例实施例中，承载有所属波束识别符的波束搜寻信号可被作为网络登录程序的同步信号，以检测时间偏差以及频率偏差。在一实施例中，基站可使用上行帧标头412而藉由扫描波束检测随机接入前置码(random access preamble)，但本公开并不限于此。一旦基站在执行波束探寻与网络登录程序之后知道了用作数据传输的优选波束，基站可调度经调度波束并随后使用无线电帧400的负载区414来传递数据分组。Besides, in an exemplary embodiment, the synchronization signal or the reference signal of the network login procedure can use the downlink frame header 411 to transmit by scanning beams. In an exemplary embodiment, the beam search signal carrying the associated beam identifier can be used as a synchronization signal of the network login procedure to detect time deviation and frequency deviation. In one embodiment, the base station can use the uplink frame header 412 to detect a random access preamble by scanning the beam, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. Once the base station knows the preferred beam for data transmission after performing the beam hunting and network entry procedures, the base station can schedule the scheduled beam and then use the payload region 414 of the radio frame 400 to communicate data packets.
图5是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的波束形成机制的无线电帧的示意图。请参照图5，假设基站能够在一个小区中产生朝向不同方向的Q个扫描波束，并且上述的Q个扫描波束被分配到M个毫米波无线电帧中来被基站传递。也就是说，M个无线电帧中的每一个会分配到Q个扫描波束之中的N个扫描波束(N＝Q/M)。Q个扫描波束中的每一个会以每M个无线电帧周期性地被传递，并且经调度波束被调度至M个无线电帧的负载区中以收发数据分组。详细地说，帧nf包括帧标头以及负载区。在第nf个帧的帧标头中，扫描波束#0～#(N-1)承载周期信号(诸如波束搜寻信号、小区搜寻信号等等)，下行控制信号以及网络系统信息连续地被传递。在第nf个帧的负载区中，负载有数据分组的经调度波束#Xnf被传递。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a radio frame of a beamforming mechanism according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to FIG. 5 , it is assumed that the base station can generate Q scanning beams facing different directions in a cell, and the above Q scanning beams are allocated to M millimeter-wave radio frames for transmission by the base station. That is, each of the M radio frames is assigned to N scanning beams among the Q scanning beams (N=Q/M). Each of the Q scanning beams is delivered periodically every M radio frames, and the scheduled beams are scheduled into the load regions of the M radio frames to transmit and receive data packets. In detail, frame nf includes a frame header and a payload area. In the frame header of thenth frame, scanning beams #0~#(N-1) carry periodic signals (such as beam search signals, cell search signals, etc.), downlink control signals and network system information are continuously transmitted . In the load zone of the nf -th frame, the scheduled beam #Xnf loaded with data packets is delivered.
类似地，在m个帧之后，在第nf+m个帧的帧标头之中，扫描波束#mN～#N(m+1)-1承载周期信号(诸如波束搜寻信号、小区搜寻信号等等)，下行控制信号以及网络系统信息连续地被传递。在第nf+m个帧的负载区中，负载有数据分组的经调度波束#Xnf+m被传递。在M-1个帧之后，在第nf+M-1个帧的帧标头之中，承载有周期信号、下行控制信号以及网络系统信息的扫描波束#(M-1)N～#NM-1连续地被传递。在第nf+M-1个帧的负载区之中，负载有数据分组的经调度波束#Xnf+M-1被传递。也就是说，分配于一个帧标头中扫描波束的数量是可配置的，此数量是藉由基站波束的数量Q以及周期信号的信标周期M来决定。表1是配置扫描波束的一实例。Similarly, after m frames, in the frame header of the nf +mth frame, scanning beams #mN~#N(m+1)-1 carry periodic signals (such as beam search signal, cell search signal etc.), downlink control signals and network system information are transmitted continuously. In the load zone of the nf +mth frame, the scheduled beam #Xnf +m loaded with data packets is delivered. After the M-1 frame, in the frame header of the nf +M-1th frame, the scanning beam #(M-1)N～#NM carrying the periodic signal, the downlink control signal and the network system information -1 is passed consecutively. In the load zone of the nf +M-1th frame, the scheduled beam #Xnf +M-1 loaded with data packets is delivered. That is to say, the number of scanning beams allocated in a frame header is configurable, and the number is determined by the number Q of base station beams and the beacon period M of the periodic signal. Table 1 is an example of configuring scanning beams.
表1Table 1
此外，除了扫描波束可被分配于M个无线电帧中传递，在一个帧标头中被传递的扫描波束可被分配于帧标头的单一子帧中或是被分配于帧标头的多个子帧中。在集中型的配置方式，N个扫描波束可连续地被分配于帧标头中的单一个上行/下行子帧中。另一方面，在分散型的配置方式，N个扫描波束可连续地被分配于帧标头中的多个上行/下行子帧中。比较集中型与分散型的配置方式，集中型的配置方式可具有为时较短的帧标头。除此之外，由于上下行切换的保护时间(毫秒级)较波束切换的保护时间(毫微秒级)来得长，因此集中型的配置方式具有较短的上下行切换的保护时间。Furthermore, in addition to the scanning beams can be assigned to transmit in M radio frames, the scanning beams transmitted in a frame header can be allocated in a single subframe of the frame header or allocated in multiple subframes of the frame header in frame. In the centralized configuration, N scanning beams can be continuously allocated in a single uplink/downlink subframe in the frame header. On the other hand, in the distributed configuration, N scanning beams can be continuously allocated to multiple uplink/downlink subframes in the frame header. Comparing centralized and decentralized configurations, the centralized configuration may have shorter frame headers. In addition, since the guard time (millisecond level) of uplink and downlink switching is longer than the guard time (nanosecond level) of beam switching, the centralized configuration mode has a shorter guard time of uplink and downlink switching.
图6A是根据本公开的一范例实施例所绘示的集中型的帧标头中的扫描波束分配的示意图。图6B是根据本公开的一范例实施例所绘示的分散型的帧标头中的扫描波束分配的示意图。请参照图6A，假设基站可在小区中产生朝向4个不同方向的4个扫描波束(Q＝4，扫描波束#0～#3)，并且基站在单一无线电帧的帧标头的单一个子帧中传递扫描波束#0到#3(M＝1且N＝4)。在图6A中，对于第nf个帧，承载有下行信号的扫描波束#0到#3被分配于帧标头的同一个子帧61中，并且承载有上行信号的扫描波束#0到#3被分配于帧标头的同一个子帧62中。FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of scan beam allocation in a centralized frame header according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of scan beam allocation in a decentralized frame header according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Please refer to FIG. 6A , assuming that the base station can generate 4 scanning beams (Q=4, scanning beams #0~#3) facing 4 different directions in the cell, and the base station is in a single subsection of the frame header of a single radio frame Scanning beams #0 to #3 (M=1 and N=4) are delivered in a frame. In FIG. 6A, for thenfth frame, the scanning beams #0 to #3 carrying the downlink signal are allocated in the same subframe 61 of the frame header, and the scanning beams #0 to #3 carrying the uplink signal are allocated in the same subframe 62 of the frame header.
请参照图6B，同样地假设基站可在小区中产生朝向4个不同方向的4个扫描波束(Q＝4，扫描波束#0～#3)，并且基站在单一无线电帧的帧标头的单一个子帧中传递扫描波束#0～#3(M＝1且N＝4)。在图6B中，对于第nf个帧，承载有下行信号的扫描波束#0～#3分别被分配到帧标头的不同子帧63、65、67与69中，并且承载有上行信号的扫描波束#0到#3分别被分配到帧标头的不同子帧64、66、68与70中。请参照图6A与图6B，用以传递数据分组的负载区701较负载区702来得长。Please refer to FIG. 6B , it is also assumed that the base station can generate 4 scanning beams (Q=4, scanning beams #0～#3) facing 4 different directions in the cell, and the base station is in the frame header of a single radio frame. Scanning beams #0 to #3 (M=1 and N=4) are delivered in one subframe. In Fig. 6B, for the nfth frame, the scanning beams #0~#3 carrying the downlink signal are assigned to different subframes 63, 65, 67 and 69 of the frame header respectively, and the scanning beams #0~#3 carrying the uplink signal Scanning beams #0 to #3 are assigned to different subframes 64, 66, 68 and 70 of the frame header, respectively. Please refer to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B , the payload area 701 for transmitting data packets is longer than the payload area 702 .
图7A是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的集中型的帧标头中的扫描波束分配的示意图。图7B是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的分散型的帧标头中的扫描波束分配的示意图。请参照图7A，假设基站可在小区中产生朝向4个不同方向的4个扫描波束(Q＝4，扫描波束#0～#3)，并且基站在两个不同无线电帧的帧标头的两个子帧中传递扫描波束#0～#3(M＝2且N＝2)。在图7A中，对于第nf个帧，承载有下行信号的扫描波束#0～#1被分配于帧标头的同一个子帧71中，并且承载有上行信号的扫描波束#0～#1被分配于帧标头的同一个子帧72中。对于第nf+1个帧，承载有下行信号的扫描波束#2～#3被分配于帧标头的同一个子帧73中，并且承载有上行信号的扫描波束#2～#3被分配于帧标头的同一个子帧74中。FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of scan beam allocation in a centralized frame header according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of scan beam allocation in a decentralized frame header according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. Please refer to FIG. 7A , assuming that the base station can generate 4 scanning beams (Q=4, scanning beams #0~#3) facing 4 different directions in the cell, and the base station is in two different radio frame frame headers. Scanning beams #0 to #3 (M=2 and N=2) are transmitted in subframes. In FIG. 7A, for the nfth frame, the scanning beams #0~#1 carrying the downlink signal are allocated in the same subframe 71 of the frame header, and the scanning beams #0~#1 carrying the uplink signal are allocated in the same subframe 72 of the frame header. For the nf +1th frame, the scanning beams #2~#3 carrying the downlink signal are allocated in the same subframe 73 of the frame header, and the scanning beams #2~#3 carrying the uplink signal are allocated in In the same subframe 74 of the frame header.
请参照图7B，同样地假设基站可在小区中产生朝向4个不同方向的4个扫描波束(Q＝4，扫描波束#0～#3)，并且基站在两个不同无线电帧的帧标头的四个子帧中传递扫描波束#0～#3(M＝2且N＝2)。在图7B中，对于第nf个帧，承载有下行信号的扫描波束#0到#1分别被分配到帧标头的不同子帧75与77中，并且承载有上行信号的扫描波束#0～#1分别被分配到帧标头的不同子帧76与78中。对于第nf+1个帧，承载有下行信号的扫描波束#2～#3分别被分配到帧标头的不同子帧79与81中，并且承载有上行信号的扫描波束#2～#3分别被分配到帧标头的不同子帧80与82中。可以知道的是，在集中型的帧标头较分散型的帧标头来得短。然而，扫描波束的传递先后顺序以及帧中下行/上行子帧的排序并不限于本公开的内容。Please refer to FIG. 7B , it is also assumed that the base station can generate 4 scanning beams (Q=4, scanning beams #0~#3) facing 4 different directions in the cell, and the base station is in the frame header of two different radio frames The scanning beams #0~#3 (M=2 and N=2) are transmitted in four subframes of . In FIG. 7B, for the nfth frame, scanning beams #0 to #1 carrying downlink signals are assigned to different subframes 75 and 77 of the frame header respectively, and scanning beam #0 carrying uplink signals ~#1 are assigned to different subframes 76 and 78 of the frame header respectively. For the nf +1th frame, the scanning beams #2~#3 carrying the downlink signal are allocated to different subframes 79 and 81 of the frame header respectively, and the scanning beams #2~#3 carrying the uplink signal are assigned to different subframes 80 and 82 of the frame header, respectively. It can be known that the concentrated frame header is shorter than the distributed frame header. However, the transmission order of the scanning beams and the sequence of the downlink/uplink subframes in the frame are not limited to the contents of the present disclosure.
基于上述，藉由不同的扫描波束以及相对应地帧标头，基站能够周期性地传递波束搜寻信号、小区搜寻信号、系统信息以及关联于网络登录程序且由网络登录程序所必要的控制信号。但无论如何，负载区的分组传递数据段是否调度都可依据用户设备200的通信需求、通道标准以及系统网络能力来动态地决定。Based on the above, by means of different scanning beams and corresponding frame headers, the base station can periodically transmit beam search signals, cell search signals, system information and control signals associated with and required by the network registration procedure. But in any case, whether to schedule the packet transfer data segment in the load zone can be dynamically determined according to the communication requirements of the user equipment 200, channel standards, and system network capabilities.
图8是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的在扫描波束上周期地发送信号的示意图。请参照图8，藉由扫描波束传递的周期信号包括波束搜寻信号(beamsearch signal，BSS)以及小区搜寻信号(cell search signal，CSS)。波束搜寻信号分别对应于Q个扫描波束，且各波束搜寻信号承载有波束识别符。扫描波束相关于不同的波束识别符。此外，小区搜寻信号承载有小区识别符。在一范例实施例中，基站藉由扫描波束，使用对应的帧标头来发送波束搜寻信号以及小区搜寻信号。在图8中，扫描波束被传递于M个无线电帧中，上述的M个无线电帧为第nf个帧到第nf+M-1个帧。第nf个帧到第nf+M-1个帧的帧标头包括承载有相同小区识别符的小区搜寻信号。如此一来，小区搜寻信号的周期为一个帧。FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of periodically sending signals on scanning beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 8 , the periodic signals transmitted by scanning beams include a beam search signal (BSS) and a cell search signal (CSS). The beam search signals respectively correspond to the Q scanning beams, and each beam search signal carries a beam identifier. Scanning beams are associated with different beam identifiers. In addition, the cell search signal carries a cell identifier. In an exemplary embodiment, the base station sends beam search signals and cell search signals using corresponding frame headers by scanning beams. In FIG. 8, the scanning beam is delivered in M radio frames, which are thenfth frame to thenf +M-1th frame. The frame headers of the nf th frame to the nf +M-1 th frame include the cell search signal carrying the same cell identifier. In this way, the cycle of the cell search signal is one frame.
除此之外，第nf个帧的帧标头承载具有分别对应于波束#0到波束#(N-1)的不同波束识别符的N个波束搜寻信号。第nf+m个帧的帧标头承载具有分别对应于波束#(mN)到波束#(N(m+1)-1)的不同波束识别符的N个波束搜寻信号。第nf+M-1个帧的帧标头承载具有分别对应于波束#N(M-1)到波束#(NM-1)的不同波束识别符的N个波束搜寻信号。经过M个帧过后，第nf+M个帧的帧标头承载具有分别对应于波束#0到波束#(N-1)的不同波束识别符的N个波束搜寻信号。也就是说，具有相同波束识别符的波束搜寻信号的周期为M个帧。Besides, the frame header of the nfth frame carries N beam search signals with different beam identifiers respectively corresponding to beam #0 to beam #(N−1). The frame header of thenf +mth frame carries N beam search signals with different beam identifiers respectively corresponding to beam #(mN) to beam #(N(m+1)−1). The frame header of the nf +M-1th frame carries N beam search signals with different beam identifiers respectively corresponding to beam #N(M-1) to beam #(NM-1). After M frames have elapsed, the frame header of the nf +M frame carries N beam search signals with different beam identifiers corresponding to beam #0 to beam #(N−1), respectively. That is to say, the period of the beam search signals with the same beam identifier is M frames.
必须注意的是，波束搜寻信号可以为被至少一扫描波束覆盖的用户设备提供波束搜寻、频率同步以及时间信息。除此之外，在一范例实施例中，基站以及用户设备使用小区搜寻信号来执行小区搜寻程序。承载有相同小区识别符的小区搜寻信号被分配于M个无线电帧的每一个的帧标头中。诸如在LTE规范中的主同步信号(primary synchronization signal，PSS)以及次同步信号(secondary synchronization signal，SSS)的小区搜寻信号，也可藉由扫描波束使用个帧的帧标头来发送。小区搜寻信号能够提供用户设备小区搜寻信息。在一范例实施例中，小区搜寻信号也可同时提供频率同步以及时间信息。换句话说，基站会藉由各扫描波束以及对应的帧标头，周期性地发送控制信号以及相关于网络登录程序的系统信息。It should be noted that the beam search signal can provide beam search, frequency synchronization and time information for UEs covered by at least one scanning beam. Besides, in an exemplary embodiment, the base station and the UE use the cell search signal to perform the cell search procedure. A cell search signal carrying the same cell identifier is allocated in the frame header of each of the M radio frames. Cell search signals such as primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) in the LTE specification can also be sent by scanning the beam using the frame header of each frame. The cell search signal can provide user equipment cell search information. In an exemplary embodiment, the cell search signal can also provide frequency synchronization and time information at the same time. In other words, the base station periodically sends control signals and system information related to network login procedures through each scanning beam and the corresponding frame header.
图9是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由基站操作的波束形成方法的流程图。在步骤S910中，基站100可藉由Q个扫描波束，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来传递不同的波束搜寻信号以及小区搜寻信号，其中M≧1并且Q≧1。更进一步地说，通过传递不同的波束搜寻信号以及小区搜寻信号，至少一用户设备可藉由作为Q个扫描波束的Q个基站波束，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来与至少一基站(例如，基站100)同步。在步骤S920中，基站100可藉由Q个扫描波束的其中之一接收网络登录成功讯息，以从Q个基站波束中识别出至少一经调度波束。在步骤S930中，基站100可藉由经调度波束，使用M个无线电帧的负载区来传递网络登录结束讯息。在此所述的步骤S910到S930指的是基站100使用扫描波束以及经调度波束，来执行波束探寻以及网络登录程序的网络登录阶段。FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a base station according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In step S910 , the base station 100 may use the frame headers of M radio frames to transmit different beam search signals and cell search signals by Q scanning beams, where M≧1 and Q≧1. Furthermore, by transmitting different beam search signals and cell search signals, at least one user equipment can communicate with at least one base station ( For example, base stations 100) are synchronized. In step S920, the base station 100 may receive the network login success message through one of the Q scanning beams, so as to identify at least one scheduled beam from the Q base station beams. In step S930, the base station 100 may use the payload area of M radio frames to transmit the network registration end message through the scheduled beam. Steps S910 to S930 described herein refer to the network entry phase of the beam finding and network entry procedure performed by the base station 100 using the scanning beam and the scheduled beam.
在步骤S940中，基站100可藉由作为Q个扫描波束的Q个基站波束，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来传递波束搜寻信号。在步骤S950中，基站100可在收发数据分组时，藉由Q个扫描波束的部分或全部，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来接收关联于Q个基站波束的部分或全部的至少一信号测量参数，以决定用以收发数据分组的经调度波束，以及调度经调度波束。信号测量参数可以是借着测量任何由基站在帧标头中传递的下行信号，所得到的接收信号强度指标(received signal strength indicator，RSSI)或信号噪声比(signal-to-noise ratio，SNR)，但本公开不在此限。在步骤S960中，基站100可藉由从Q个基站波束中选出的经调度波束，传递下行配置(downlinkassignment)信息或上行授权(uplink grant)信息。在步骤S970中，基站100可基于下行配置信息或上行授权信息，藉由经调度波束来收发数据分组。在此所述的步骤S940到S970指的是基站100使用扫描波束来执行波束追踪以及使用经调度波束来执行数据分组传输的用户设备连接阶段。In step S940, the base station 100 may use the frame headers of the M radio frames to transmit the beam search signal by using the Q base station beams as the Q scanning beams. In step S950, the base station 100 can receive at least one signal associated with some or all of the Q base station beams by using the frame headers of the M radio frames when sending and receiving data packets, by using some or all of the Q scanning beams A parameter is measured to determine a scheduled beam for transmitting and receiving data packets, and the scheduled beam is scheduled. The signal measurement parameter can be the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained by measuring any downlink signal transmitted by the base station in the frame header. , but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In step S960, the base station 100 may transmit downlink assignment information or uplink grant information through the scheduled beam selected from the Q base station beams. In step S970, the base station 100 may transmit and receive data packets through the scheduled beams based on downlink configuration information or uplink grant information. Steps S940 to S970 described here refer to the user equipment connection phase in which the base station 100 performs beam tracking using scanning beams and performs data packet transmission using scheduled beams.
图10是根据本公开一范例实施例所绘示的由用户设备操作的波束形成方法的流程图。在步骤S1001中，用户设备200可藉由作为至少一扫描波束的Q个基站波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的帧标头来接收不同的多个波束搜寻信号以及一小区搜寻信号，其中M≧1以及Q≧1。在步骤S1002中，用户设备200可藉由Q个扫描波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的至少其中之一的帧标头来执行波束探寻以及同步化。在步骤S1003中，用户设备200可藉由Q个扫描波束的其中之一回报网络登录成功讯息，以使基站100可从Q个基站波束中识别出经调度波束。在步骤S1004中，用户设备200可藉由经调度波束，使用M个无线电帧的其中之一的负载区来接收网络登录结束讯息。在此所述的步骤S1001到S1004指的是用户设备200使用扫描波束以及经调度波束来执行波束探寻以及网络登录程序的网络登录阶段。FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a beamforming method operated by a user equipment according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In step S1001, the user equipment 200 may use at least one of the frame headers of the M radio frames to receive different multiple beam search signals by using at least one of the Q base station beams as at least one scanning beam. and a cell search signal, wherein M≧1 and Q≧1. In step S1002 , the UE 200 may use at least one of the Q scanning beams to perform beam search and synchronization using the frame header of at least one of the M radio frames. In step S1003, the UE 200 may report a network login success message through one of the Q scanning beams, so that the base station 100 may identify the scheduled beam from the Q base beams. In step S1004, the UE 200 may use the payload area of one of the M radio frames to receive the network entry end message through the scheduled beam. Steps S1001 to S1004 described here refer to the network entry phase of the user equipment 200 using the scanning beam and the scheduled beam to perform beam finding and network entry procedures.
在步骤S1005中，用户设备200可藉由Q个扫描波束，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来接收波束搜寻信号。在步骤S1006中，用户设备200可测量关联于Q个基站波束的至少其中之一的至少一信号测量参数。在步骤S1007中，用户设备200可藉由Q个扫描波束的至少其中之一，使用M个无线电帧的帧标头来回报关联于Q个基站波束的至少其中之一的至少一信号测量参数，以通知基站用以收发数据分组的经调度波束。在步骤S1008中，用户设备200可藉由从Q个基站波束中选出的经调度波束接收下行配置信息或上行授权信息。在步骤S1009中，用户设备200可基于下行配置信息或上行授权信息收发数据分组。在此所述的步骤S1005到S1009指的是用户设备200使用扫描波束来执行波束追踪以及使用经调度波束来执行数据分组传输的用户设备连接阶段。In step S1005, the UE 200 may receive the beam search signal by using the frame headers of the M radio frames by scanning the Q beams. In step S1006, the UE 200 may measure at least one signal measurement parameter associated with at least one of the Q base station beams. In step S1007, the UE 200 may use at least one of the Q scanning beams to report at least one signal measurement parameter associated with at least one of the Q base station beams by using the frame headers of the M radio frames, In order to inform the base station of the scheduled beam for sending and receiving data packets. In step S1008, the UE 200 may receive downlink configuration information or uplink grant information through a scheduled beam selected from the Q base station beams. In step S1009, the user equipment 200 may send and receive data packets based on downlink configuration information or uplink authorization information. Steps S1005 to S1009 described here refer to the UE connection phase in which the UE 200 performs beam tracking using the scanning beam and performs data packet transmission using the scheduled beam.
综上所述，本公开的基站以及用户设备能够至少藉由基站周期性传递的扫描波束，来执行波束探寻以及网络登录程序。更进一步地说，由基站动态传递的经调度波束，基站以及用户设备可执行数据分组传输。如此一来，本公开的波束形成方法能够有效的管理波束并且选择最优选的波束用来作数据的传输。To sum up, the base station and the user equipment of the present disclosure can at least perform beam search and network login procedures by scanning beams transmitted periodically by the base station. Furthermore, the base station and the user equipment can perform data packet transmission with the scheduled beam dynamically delivered by the base station. In this way, the beamforming method of the present disclosure can effectively manage beams and select the most optimal beam for data transmission.
虽然本发明已以实施例公开如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的更动与润饰，故本发明的保护范围当视所附权利要求书界定范围为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so the protection of the present invention The scope shall be determined as defined by the appended claims.
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| US14/979,547 | 2015-12-28 | ||
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