Kitchen and the method for fruit and vegerable rubbish synergic fermentation reinforced anaerobic digestion effectTechnical field
The invention belongs to Solid Waste Treatment and Resources technical field, relate to a kind of kitchen and the strengthening of fruit and vegerable rubbish synergic fermentationThe method of anaerobic digestion effect.
Background technology
Along with the continuous quickening of Urbanization in China, the yield of domestic waste is also in sustainable growth.China Statistical Yearbook numberAccording to display, by 2014, China's domestic waste year amount of clearing has reached 178,600,000 tons, and wherein about 50% is kitchenWith fruit and vegerable rubbish, significantly limit the development in city.
Domestic waste has following features: moisture content is high, and calorific value is relatively low, and mobility is big；Easily biological-degradable, perishable；HaveMachine thing content is high, rich in N, P, K, Ca, and various trace element；Content oily, salt is higher.Heavy metal kind and contentHigher.These characteristics makes city domestic garbage treating process in the market all there is such or such problem.High organicMatter content causes rubbish to be easily generated the secondary pollution such as stench and percolate, serious harm surrounding enviroment and subsoil water during landfillSource.And land resource growing tension, site selection of landfill more difficult；High-moisture percentage causes sludge incineration to add and assists combustion in a large numberMaterial, is added significantly to processing cost, and produces the toxic and harmfuls such as two English, and neighbour keeps away effect and highlights.With above two techniqueCompare, utilize anaerobic digestion techniques to process domestic waste, secondary pollution can be reduced to greatest extent, can produce again and can makeFor the biogas of clean energy resource, effectively achieve " minimizing, resource, innoxious " of solid waste.
The at present anaerobic digestion of domestic waste is mainly with the fruit and vegerable of single kind or changing food waste as raw material, and this causes anaerobism to disappearChange the repeated construction of facility.Further, owing to the fermentation system Middle nutrition element of single raw material is unbalanced, amassing of VFA is easily causedTired, cause the generation of excessive acidification phenomenon, cause pH in anaerobic System to drastically reduce, suppress methanogen physiologically active,Even cause system crash.
Summary of the invention
Present invention is primarily targeted at the deficiency overcome in existing kitchen and fruit and vegerable anaerobic digestion of refuse technology, it is provided that a kind of with mealKitchen and fruit and vegerable rubbish are the method for raw material synergic fermentation reinforced anaerobic digestion effect.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the kitchen of the present invention and the method for fruit and vegerable rubbish synergic fermentation reinforced anaerobic digestion effect, at least wrapInclude and changing food waste is carried out the step that removing oil separates with by juice, slag after fruit and vegerable refuse breaking.
Wherein, the described method that changing food waste carries out removing oil is: with in damp and hot-centrifuging, damp and hot-gravitational method, enzymatic isolation methodThe combination of one or more fat content is down to less than 10%.
It is also preferred that the left described method comprises the steps:
1) pretreatment: after refuse classification is changing food waste and fruit and vegerable rubbish, pulverize with disintegrating machine；
2) the fruit and vegerable rubbish after crushing carries out squeezing, being centrifuged, and gained juice is directly added into anaerobic digester system, gained fruit and vegerableSlag low-concentration alkali liquor soaks；
3) changing food waste is carried out removing oil；
4) fruit and vegerable slag and changing food waste after processing add anaerobic digester system in after certain VS ratio mixing.
It is also preferred that the left kitchen and fruit and vegerable rubbish particle diameter through crushing are 3-5mm.
It is also preferred that the left the step that described fruit and vegerable slag low-concentration alkali liquor soaks is: be 1%～3% by fruit and vegerable slag mass concentrationNaOH solution soaks 24h～36h under room temperature row, or the ammonia solution selecting mass concentration to be 3%～5% fruit and vegerable slag is at normal temperaturesSoak 96h～144h.
It is also preferred that the left the VS ratio of described fruit and vegerable slag slag and changing food waste is 1: 2～1: 4.
It is also preferred that the left anaerobic digester system selects single-phase or TPAD technique, type of reactor selects ASBR or CSTRIn one or both combination, system fermentation temperature is at 35 ± 1 DEG C.
The present invention discloses a kind of kitchen and the method for fruit and vegerable rubbish synergic fermentation reinforced anaerobic digestion effect, at least includes kitchen rubbishRubbish carries out the step that removing oil separates with by juice, slag after fruit and vegerable refuse breaking.The method of the present invention adds restaurant-kitchen garbage degreased andThe step that fruit and vegerable rubbish juice, slag separate, drastically increases the fermentation efficiency of subsequent anaerobic digestion system, beneficially anaerobic digestionTechnology is promoted to scale continuous prodution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process chart of this method.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the present invention will be further described.
Kitchen and fruit and vegerable rubbish are first carried out sorting by the present invention respectively, break process, then fruit and vegerable rubbish is squeezed the juice, changing food waste takes offOils and fats.Gained dish juice is directly added into fermentation tank, fruit and vegerable slag dipping by lye.Finally pretreated dish slag and changing food waste are pressedAnaerobic digester system is put into after certain VS mass ratio mixing.
As the further improvement of above-described embodiment, it is left that the particle diameter through broken kitchen and fruit and vegerable rubbish should be down to 3-5mmRight, it is simple to the microorganism more efficient utilization to raw material.
As the further improvement of above-described embodiment, the NaOH solution that the pretreatment of dish slag selects mass concentration to be 1%～3%Under room temperature row, soak 24h～36h, or the ammonia solution that mass concentration is 3%～5% soaks 96h～144h at normal temperatures, with the most brokenBad lignin and the cellularity of cellulose, strengthen the degradability of dish slag.
As the further improvement of above-described embodiment, removing oil from kitchen waste fat technique may select damp and hot-centrifuging, damp and hot-gravityThe combination of one or more in method, enzymatic isolation method, need to remove the fat content in changing food waste to less than 10%, with maximum limitThe reduction oils and fats inhibitory action to sweat of degree.
As the further improvement of above-described embodiment, pretreated dish slag and changing food waste are abundant with VS content 1: 2～1: 4Fermentation tank is added after mixing.Under this ratio, the nutrient of system equalizes the most, and anaerobic digester system can keep high load capacity steadyFixed operation.
As the further improvement of above-described embodiment, anaerobic digester system fermentation temperature is set in 35 ± 1 DEG C.Can ensure thatCompared with obtaining of a relatively high pollutants removal rate and energy recovery efficiency under low energy consumption premise,
Embodiment:
1, pretreatment of raw material: first pass through mechanical sorting, removes not biodegradable inorganic matter, metal, plastics in raw materialDeng material.Kitchen and fruit and vegerable rubbish disintegrating machine being smashed respectively, the fruit and vegerable rubbish squeezer after smashing breaks into pulpous state again, fromSolid-liquid separation is realized after the heart.Gained fruit and vegerable slag mass concentration is the NaOH solution immersion 30h of 2%, the changing food waste after crushingThe humid heat treatment of 80min is kept at 120 DEG C, then at 2500r min-1Revolution under centrifugal 15min.
2, startup and the operation of acid phase system are produced: acidogenic phase reactor uses ASBR technique, and effective working volume is 2m3, insteadAnswering temperature to control at 35 ± 1 DEG C, stirring intensity is 120r min-1, every 3h stirs 5min.Enter the raw material producing acid phase for through pre-The dish slag processed and the mixture of changing food waste, its mixed proportion is VS content 1: 3.Produce acid starting load mutually is 30g (VS) L-1,F/M=2.Front after system start-up carries out the cultivation domestication of mud for 7 days, treat the pH stable of system in the range of 3.8～5.8,H2Content below 10%, CH4And N2After content is below 5%, start continuous charging and discharging.The waterpower of system operation phaseThe time of staying is fixed as 10 days, and feed loading is at 2～8g (VS) L-1·d-1Between step up.
3, the startup of methanogenic phase system and operation: methanogenic phase reactor uses CSTR technique, and effective working volume is 4m3,Reaction temperature, stirring intensity, stirring frequency keep consistent with product acid phase system.When methanogenic phase starts, it is initially charged 2t activity dirtyMud is as inoculum, and the strain resurrection time is 5 days.Product acid it is initially added into when the pH stable of system is in the range of 6.8～7.6Phase discharging.The hydraulic detention time of system operation phase is fixed as 10 days, and feed loading is at 1～4g (VS) L-1·d-1Between progressivelyPromote.
4, in whole anaerobic digestion process, produce acid phase pH value fluctuate between 3.8～4.2, methanogenic phase pH value 7.0～7.4 itBetween fluctuate, basicity, ammonia nitrogen maintain a reduced levels all the time simultaneously, and system maintains stable operation always.The volume of biogas producesGas rate is at 2～5L L-1Between, load factor of created gase is at 500～750L g (VS)-1Between, CH4Content maintain all the time 60% withOn, VS clearance is maintained at 80%～90%.
When being understood by, the specific embodiment of the present invention is only in order at the purpose of exemplary illustration, and it limits this never in any formInvention protection domain, those skilled in the art can be improved according to the above description or be converted, and all these improvement andConversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.