技术领域technical field
本发明涉及地球物理勘探和电磁物理模拟领域，特别是涉及一种频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置。The invention relates to the field of geophysical prospecting and electromagnetic physics simulation, in particular to a physical simulation device for a frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method.
背景技术Background technique
井地电磁法是一种电磁勘探方法，具体为：将垂直双极源沉入井中，靠近目标体发射不同频率的正负交互方波信号，在地面接收该方波信号的电磁响应，随后根据测量的电磁响应分量反演地下电性构造。该方法独特的激发模式使得地面电磁响应更明显，而且观测精度高、效率高，在资源勘查和油田开发领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。The well-ground electromagnetic method is an electromagnetic prospecting method, specifically: sinking the vertical bipolar source into the well, transmitting positive and negative alternating square wave signals of different frequencies close to the target, receiving the electromagnetic response of the square wave signal on the ground, and then according to The measured electromagnetic response components invert the subsurface electrical structure. The unique excitation mode of this method makes the ground electromagnetic response more obvious, and has high observation accuracy and high efficiency. It has very broad application prospects in the fields of resource exploration and oilfield development.
因此，国外学者详细总结电磁法的室内物理模拟相似准则，随后国内学者开展了室内水槽对直流电井下激发方法和井地直流电法的物理模拟实验，发现通过井下对要研究的目标进行有效激发，可以较好的圈定油气藏边界，表明井地直流电法可应用于油田开发和注水开采中，监测或寻找剩余油气水的分布。Therefore, foreign scholars summarized in detail the indoor physical simulation similarity criteria of the electromagnetic method, and then domestic scholars carried out physical simulation experiments on the indoor water tank excitation method of direct current underground and the well ground direct current method, and found that the effective excitation of the target to be studied by underground can be The boundary of oil and gas reservoirs can be well delineated, indicating that the well-ground direct current method can be applied to oil field development and water injection production to monitor or find the distribution of remaining oil, gas and water.
但是，直流场源存在分辨率较低，抗干扰能力差，勘探深度有限等不足，不能适应近年来油田开发和资源勘探技术发展需求，而井地电磁方法的探测深度、广度、精度和分辨率的远大于相同激励功率条件下井地直流电法，逐渐受到勘探行业的重视。但是，电磁勘探仪器受目前探测质量及测量精度等硬件条件的限制，加之对井地电磁法相关理论方法和圈定异常边界响应机制的研究不足，以及三维正反演问题难度较大，资料处理解释至今没有突破性进展。若采用直流电法物理模拟电磁勘探方法必然导致模拟的准确性较差且可靠性也较低的技术问题。However, the DC field source has disadvantages such as low resolution, poor anti-interference ability, and limited exploration depth, which cannot meet the needs of oilfield development and resource exploration technology development in recent years. is much greater than that of the well-ground direct current method under the same excitation power condition, and has gradually attracted the attention of the exploration industry. However, electromagnetic prospecting instruments are limited by hardware conditions such as current detection quality and measurement accuracy, coupled with insufficient research on the theory and methods of well-ground electromagnetic methods and the response mechanism of delineating abnormal boundaries, and the difficulty of 3D forward and inversion problems, data processing and interpretation No breakthrough has been made so far. If the direct current method is used to physically simulate the electromagnetic prospecting method, it will inevitably lead to the technical problems of poor simulation accuracy and low reliability.
故，有必要提供一种频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置，以解决现有技术所存在的问题。Therefore, it is necessary to provide a physical simulation device for frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例提供一种探测准确性较高且探测可靠性也较高的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置；以解决现有井地直流电勘探方法的分辨率较低，抗干扰能力差，勘探深度有限的技术问题，以及对井地电磁法相关理论方法和圈定异常边界响应机制的研究不足等问题。Embodiments of the present invention provide a physical simulation device of a well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method in the frequency domain with high detection accuracy and high detection reliability; Poor, technical problems of limited exploration depth, and insufficient research on relevant theoretical methods of well-ground electromagnetic method and response mechanism of delineated anomaly boundary.
本发明实施例提供一种频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置，其包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a physical simulation device for a frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method, which includes:
模拟水槽；simulated sink;
发射电极，采用垂直双极源结构，设置在所述模拟水槽上，用于向所述模拟水槽内发射检测电磁信号；The transmitting electrode adopts a vertical bipolar source structure and is arranged on the simulated water tank for transmitting detection electromagnetic signals into the simulated water tank;
电磁信号发射器，用于向所述发射电极提供检测电磁信号；An electromagnetic signal transmitter, configured to provide a detection electromagnetic signal to the transmitting electrode;
探测电极架，设置在所述模拟水槽上，用于放置检测反馈电磁信号的探测电极，其中所述探测电极根据所述电磁信号生成所述反馈模拟信号；The detection electrode frame is arranged on the simulated water tank, and is used to place the detection electrode for detecting the feedback electromagnetic signal, wherein the detection electrode generates the feedback analog signal according to the electromagnetic signal;
电磁信号采集器，用于采集所述探测电极的所述反馈模拟信号；以及an electromagnetic signal collector, configured to collect the feedback analog signal of the detection electrode; and
数据处理装置，用于根据不同位置的所述探测电极的所述反馈模拟信号生成井地电磁物理模拟曲线。The data processing device is used to generate a simulation curve of electromagnetic physics in the well according to the feedback simulation signals of the detection electrodes at different positions.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述模拟水槽中设置有用于模拟围岩的盐水以及用于模拟油气的石墨水泥块体。In the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention, the simulated water tank is provided with brine for simulating surrounding rocks and graphite cement blocks for simulating oil and gas.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述模拟水槽与被模拟区域满足以下公式：In the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method described in the present invention, the simulated water tank and the simulated area satisfy the following formula:
其中σm为所述盐水的电导率，ωm为所述电磁信号的发射频率，Lm为所述模拟水槽的尺寸，σf为所述围岩的电导率，ωf为在所述被模拟区域进行井地电磁物理检测时使用的电磁信号的发射频率，Lf为所述被模拟区域的尺寸。Where σm is the electrical conductivity of the brine, ωm is the emission frequency of the electromagnetic signal, Lm is the size of the simulated tank, σf is the electrical conductivity of the surrounding rock, and ωf is the The emission frequency of the electromagnetic signal used when the simulation area is used for well-ground electromagnetic physical detection, and Lf is the size of the simulated area.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述探测电极架包括：In the physical simulation device of the frequency domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method described in the present invention, the detection electrode frame includes:
第一固定横梁，用于将所述探测电极架固定在所述模拟水槽上；The first fixed beam is used to fix the detection electrode frame on the simulated water tank;
过线槽，用于放置传输所述反馈模拟信号的信号线缆；以及a cable trough for placing a signal cable for transmitting the feedback analog signal; and
探测电极固定件，用于将所述探测电极活动固定在所述探测电极架上。The detecting electrode fixing part is used to movably fix the detecting electrode on the detecting electrode frame.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述探测电极固定件包括：In the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method according to the present invention, the detection electrode fixing part includes:
第二固定横梁；second fixed beam;
抱箍，设置在所述第二固定横梁上，用于调整所述探测电极在所述第二固定横梁上的位置；以及a hoop, arranged on the second fixed beam, for adjusting the position of the detection electrode on the second fixed beam; and
转接夹具，设置在所述抱箍一侧，用于连接所述探测电极以及所述抱箍；A transfer fixture, arranged on one side of the hoop, for connecting the detection electrode and the hoop;
其中所述转接夹具上设置有用于活动固定所述探测电极的电极夹。Wherein the transfer fixture is provided with an electrode clip for moving and fixing the detection electrode.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述电磁信号发射器包括：In the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well ground electromagnetic prospecting method described in the present invention, the electromagnetic signal transmitter includes:
输入电源，用于输入驱动信号；Input power supply for inputting driving signals;
整流电路，用于对所述驱动信号进行整流处理；a rectification circuit, configured to rectify the driving signal;
滤波电路，用于对整流处理后的驱动信号进行滤波处理；以及a filter circuit, configured to filter the rectified drive signal; and
发射电路，用于对滤波处理后的驱动信号转换为矩形脉冲的检测电磁信号。The transmitting circuit is used for converting the filtered drive signal into a rectangular pulse detection electromagnetic signal.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述探测电极为甘汞参比电极。In the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention, the detection electrode is a calomel reference electrode.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述电磁信号采集器包括：In the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well ground electromagnetic prospecting method described in the present invention, the electromagnetic signal collector includes:
信号放大单元，用于对所述反馈模拟信号进行放大处理；以及a signal amplifying unit, configured to amplify the feedback analog signal; and
模数转换单元，用于对放大处理后的反馈模拟信号进行模数转换；An analog-to-digital conversion unit, configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified feedback analog signal;
所述数据处理装置包括：The data processing device includes:
曲线生成单元，用于根据不同位置的所述探测电极的模数转换后的反馈模拟信号生成井地电磁物理模拟曲线。The curve generation unit is configured to generate well-ground electromagnetic physics simulation curves according to the analog-to-digital converted feedback analog signals of the detection electrodes at different positions.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述井地电磁物理模拟曲线包括频率域总场曲线以及频率域背景场曲线，所述数据处理装置根据所述频率域总场曲线与所述频率域背景场曲线的差值生成频率域异常场曲线，并根据所述频率域异常场曲线确定高阻目标区域。In the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method according to the present invention, the well-ground electromagnetic physical simulation curve includes a frequency domain total field curve and a frequency domain background field curve, and the data processing device is based on the frequency domain. The difference between the total field curve and the background field curve in the frequency domain generates an abnormal field curve in the frequency domain, and a high-resistance target area is determined according to the abnormal field curve in the frequency domain.
在本发明所述的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置中，所述频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置还包括用于通过信号线缆向电磁信号采集器提供驱动信号的蓄电池；In the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method according to the present invention, the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method further includes a storage battery for providing a driving signal to the electromagnetic signal collector through a signal cable ;
所述发射电极通过所述发射电缆与所述电磁信号发射器连接，所述发射电缆成双绞线形式布置，且所述发射电极的电极间距2-5cm。The transmitting electrodes are connected to the electromagnetic signal transmitter through the transmitting cables, the transmitting cables are arranged in the form of twisted pairs, and the electrode spacing of the transmitting electrodes is 2-5 cm.
相较于现有技术的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置，本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置根据相似准则，通过水槽来模拟具体的油田开发环境，测量放置异常体前后的背景场和总场，研究频率域井地电磁场空间分布特征，论证井地电磁勘探方法的有效性和实用性，推动频率域井地电磁方法在资源勘查和油储评价方面的应用，探测准确性较高、且探测可靠性也较高；填补了井地电磁勘探方法没有物理模拟装置的空白，解决了用直流电法模拟电磁勘探方法的准确性较差且可靠性也较低的技术问题。Compared with the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method in the prior art, the physical simulator of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention simulates the specific oilfield development environment through the water tank according to the similarity criterion, and measures the abnormality of the placement The background field and the total field before and after the body are studied, the spatial distribution characteristics of the well-ground electromagnetic field in the frequency domain are studied, the effectiveness and practicability of the well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method are demonstrated, and the application of the well-ground electromagnetic method in the frequency domain in resource exploration and oil reserve evaluation is promoted. The detection accuracy is high, and the detection reliability is also high; it fills the gap that there is no physical simulation device for the well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method, and solves the technology of using the direct current method to simulate the electromagnetic prospecting method with poor accuracy and low reliability question.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention;
图2为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的探测电极架的探测电极固定件的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the detection electrode holder of the detection electrode frame of the preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention;
图3为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的电磁信号发射器的结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic structural diagram of the electromagnetic signal transmitter of the preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention;
图4为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的电池信号采集器和数据处理装置的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery signal collector and a data processing device of a preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention;
图5A为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的频率域总场曲线的示意图；5A is a schematic diagram of the frequency domain total field curve of a preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention;
图5B为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的频率域背景场曲线的示意图；Fig. 5B is a schematic diagram of the frequency domain background field curve of a preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention;
图5C为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的频率域异常场曲线的示意图。Fig. 5C is a schematic diagram of the frequency domain abnormal field curve of the preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下各实施例的说明是参考附加的图式，用以例示本发明可用以实施的特定实施例。本发明所提到的方向用语，例如「上」、「下」、「前」、「后」、「左」、「右」、「内」、「外」、「侧面」等，仅是参考附加图式的方向。因此，使用的方向用语是用以说明及理解本发明，而非用以限制本发明。The following descriptions of the various embodiments refer to the accompanying drawings to illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention can be practiced. The directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "inside", "outside", "side", etc., are for reference only The orientation of the attached schema. Therefore, the directional terms used are used to illustrate and understand the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
在图中，结构相似的单元是以相同标号表示。In the figures, structurally similar units are denoted by the same reference numerals.
请参照图1，图1为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的结构示意图。该频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置10包括模拟水槽11、垂直双极源发射电极12、电磁信号发射器13、探测电极架14、电磁信号采集器15、数据处理装置16以及蓄电池17。Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a physical simulation device for a frequency-domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method according to the present invention. The physical simulation device 10 of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method includes a simulated water tank 11, a vertical bipolar source emitter electrode 12, an electromagnetic signal transmitter 13, a detection electrode frame 14, an electromagnetic signal collector 15, a data processing device 16, and a storage battery 17 .
发射电极12设置在模拟水槽11上，采用垂直双极源结构，用于向模拟水槽11内发射检测电磁信号；电磁信号发射器13用于向垂直双极源发射电极12提供检测电磁信号；发射电极12通过发射电缆与电磁信号发射器13连接，发射电缆成双绞线形式布置，且发射电极12的电极间距2-5cmThe transmitting electrode 12 is arranged on the simulated water tank 11, adopts a vertical bipolar source structure, and is used to transmit a detection electromagnetic signal into the simulated water tank 11; the electromagnetic signal transmitter 13 is used to provide a detection electromagnetic signal to the vertical bipolar source transmitting electrode 12; The electrodes 12 are connected to the electromagnetic signal transmitter 13 through a transmitting cable, and the transmitting cables are arranged in a twisted pair form, and the electrode spacing of the transmitting electrodes 12 is 2-5cm
探测电极架14设置在模拟水槽11上，用于活动固定检测反馈电磁信号的探测电极141，其中探测电极141根据反馈电磁信号生成反馈模拟信号；电磁信号采集器15用于采集探测电极141的反馈模拟信号；数据处理装置16用于根据不同位置的探测电极141的反馈模拟信号生成井地电磁物理模拟曲线；蓄电池17用于通过信号线缆向电磁信号采集器15提供驱动信号。其中模拟水槽11中设置有用于模拟油田开发环境的围岩的盐水以及用于模拟油气的石墨水泥。The detection electrode frame 14 is arranged on the simulated water tank 11, and is used for movable and fixed detection of the detection electrode 141 of the feedback electromagnetic signal, wherein the detection electrode 141 generates a feedback analog signal according to the feedback electromagnetic signal; the electromagnetic signal collector 15 is used to collect the feedback of the detection electrode 141 The analog signal; the data processing device 16 is used to generate the well ground electromagnetic physics simulation curve according to the feedback analog signal of the detection electrode 141 at different positions; the storage battery 17 is used to provide the driving signal to the electromagnetic signal collector 15 through the signal cable. The simulated water tank 11 is provided with brine for simulating the surrounding rock of the oilfield development environment and graphite cement for simulating oil and gas.
其中探测电极架14包括第一固定横梁142、过线槽143以及探测电极固定件。第一固定横梁142用于将探测电极141固定在模拟水槽11上；过线槽143用于防止传输反馈模拟信号的信号线缆；探测电极固定件用于将探测电极141活动固定在探测电极架14上。Wherein the detection electrode frame 14 includes a first fixed beam 142 , a wire passage 143 and a detection electrode fixing member. The first fixed beam 142 is used to fix the detection electrode 141 on the simulated water tank 11; the wire slot 143 is used to prevent the transmission of the signal cable of the feedback analog signal; the detection electrode fixing part is used to move and fix the detection electrode 141 on the detection electrode frame 14 on.
请参照图2，图2为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的探测电极架的探测电极固定件的结构示意图，即图1的A部分的放大图。该探测电极固定件包括第二固定横梁144、抱箍145以及转接夹具146。抱箍145设置在第二固定横梁144上，用于调整探测电极141在第二固定横梁144上的位置；转接夹具146设置在抱箍145一侧，用于连接探测电极141以及抱箍145。其中转接夹具146上设置有用于活动固定探测电极141的电极夹1461。Please refer to FIG. 2 . FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the detection electrode holder of the detection electrode frame of the preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention, that is, the enlarged view of part A of FIG. 1 . The detecting electrode fixing member includes a second fixing beam 144 , a hoop 145 and an adapter clamp 146 . The hoop 145 is arranged on the second fixed beam 144 for adjusting the position of the detection electrode 141 on the second fixed beam 144; the adapter clamp 146 is arranged on the side of the hoop 145 for connecting the detection electrode 141 and the hoop 145 . Wherein the transfer fixture 146 is provided with an electrode clip 1461 for moving and fixing the detection electrode 141 .
请参照图3，图3为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的电磁信号发射器的结构示意图。该电磁信号发射器13包括输入电源131、整流电路132、滤波电路133以及发射电路134。Please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an electromagnetic signal transmitter of a preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention. The electromagnetic signal transmitter 13 includes an input power source 131 , a rectification circuit 132 , a filtering circuit 133 and a transmitting circuit 134 .
输入电源131用于输入驱动信号；整流电路132用于对驱动信号进行整流处理；滤波电路133用于对整流处理后的驱动信号进行滤波处理；发射电路134用于将滤波处理后的驱动信号转换为矩形脉冲的检测电磁信号。The input power supply 131 is used for inputting the driving signal; the rectifying circuit 132 is used for rectifying the driving signal; the filtering circuit 133 is used for filtering the rectified driving signal; the transmitting circuit 134 is used for converting the filtered driving signal The detection electromagnetic signal is a rectangular pulse.
请参照图4，图4为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的电池信号采集器和数据处理装置的结构示意图。该电磁信号采集器包括信号放大单元161以及模数转换单元162；数据处理装置包括曲线生成单元163。Please refer to FIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a battery signal collector and a data processing device of a preferred embodiment of a physical simulation device of the frequency domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention. The electromagnetic signal collector includes a signal amplification unit 161 and an analog-to-digital conversion unit 162 ; the data processing device includes a curve generation unit 163 .
信号放大单元161用于对反馈模拟信号进行放大处理；模数转换单元162用于对放大处理后的反馈模拟信号进行模数转换；曲线生成单元163用于根据不同位置的探测电极141的模数转换后的反馈模拟信号生成井地电磁物理模拟曲线。The signal amplifying unit 161 is used to amplify the feedback analog signal; the analog-to-digital conversion unit 162 is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified feedback analog signal; The converted feedback analog signal generates a well-ground electromagnetic physics simulation curve.
本优选实施例的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置10使用时，首先设置模拟水槽11，模拟水槽11与被模拟区域应满足以下公式：When the physical simulation device 10 of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of this preferred embodiment is used, the simulated water tank 11 is first set, and the simulated water tank 11 and the simulated area should satisfy the following formula:
其中σm为盐水的电导率，ωm为电磁信号的发射频率，Lm为模拟水槽的尺寸，σf为围岩的电导率，ωf为在被模拟区域进行井地电磁物理检测时使用的电磁信号的发射频率，Lf为被模拟区域的尺寸。Among them, σm is the conductivity of brine, ωm is the emission frequency of electromagnetic signals, Lm is the size of the simulated water tank, σf is the conductivity of surrounding rock, and ωf is the electromagnetic physical detection used in the simulated area. The emission frequency of the electromagnetic signal, Lf is the size of the simulated area.
井地电磁在陆地上施工时使用的电磁信号的发射频率一般为1/256Hz至256Hz，在海洋施工时使用的电磁信号的发射频率一般为0.1Hz至10Hz。因此频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置10的电磁信号选择为4×1024Hz、8×1024Hz、16×1024Hz三种周期性正负方波脉冲。The emission frequency of the electromagnetic signal used in the construction of well ground electromagnetic on land is generally 1/256Hz to 256Hz, and the emission frequency of the electromagnetic signal used in offshore construction is generally 0.1Hz to 10Hz. Therefore, the electromagnetic signals of the physical simulation device 10 of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method are selected as three periodic positive and negative square wave pulses of 4×1024 Hz, 8×1024 Hz, and 16×1024 Hz.
同时油田区域的电导率和围岩区域的电导率之比大致为5至500，气田区域的电导率和围岩区域的电导率之比为8至200。因此模拟水槽11中可使用盐水来模拟油田开发环境的围岩，使用石墨水泥来模拟油田开发环境的油气。其中石墨水泥与盐水的电导率之比在100左右，且可通过不同浓度的盐水进行调整，因此使用石墨水泥与盐水可较好的模拟油田开发环境。如差异较大还可通过调整模拟水槽11的尺寸对模拟条件进行调整。At the same time, the ratio of the electrical conductivity of the oil field area to the electrical conductivity of the surrounding rock area is approximately 5 to 500, and the ratio of the electrical conductivity of the gas field area to the electrical conductivity of the surrounding rock area is 8 to 200. Therefore, brine can be used in the simulated water tank 11 to simulate the surrounding rock of the oilfield development environment, and graphite cement can be used to simulate the oil and gas in the oilfield development environment. Among them, the conductivity ratio of graphite cement and brine is about 100, and can be adjusted by different concentrations of brine, so the use of graphite cement and brine can better simulate the oilfield development environment. If the difference is large, the simulation conditions can also be adjusted by adjusting the size of the simulation tank 11 .
设置好模拟水槽11以及模拟水槽11中的石墨水泥与盐水后，电磁信号发射器13可以开始向垂直双极源发射电极12提供检测电磁信号，这里电磁信号发射器13可将直流电转换为单频或多频的多制式矩形脉冲。After setting the simulated water tank 11 and the graphite cement and salt water in the simulated water tank 11, the electromagnetic signal transmitter 13 can start to provide the detection electromagnetic signal to the vertical bipolar source transmitting electrode 12, where the electromagnetic signal transmitter 13 can convert the direct current into a single frequency Or multi-frequency multi-standard rectangular pulse.
具体的电磁信号发射器13的输入电源131输入驱动信号，随后经整流电路132、滤波电路133进行整流、滤波处理后形成直流驱动信号。随后发射电路134通过IPM(Intelligent Power Module，智能功率模块)全桥逆变电路，按照预设的电压、频率等控制参数并结合辅助信息采集电路将上述直流驱动信号转换为矩形脉冲的检测电磁信号。该电磁信号发射器13的具体性能参数可如下所示：Specifically, the input power supply 131 of the electromagnetic signal transmitter 13 inputs the drive signal, and then rectifies and filters the rectification circuit 132 and the filter circuit 133 to form a DC drive signal. Then the transmitting circuit 134 converts the above-mentioned DC driving signal into a rectangular pulse detection electromagnetic signal according to preset control parameters such as voltage and frequency through an IPM (Intelligent Power Module, intelligent power module) full-bridge inverter circuit and in combination with an auxiliary information acquisition circuit . The concrete performance parameter of this electromagnetic signal transmitter 13 can be as follows:
发射电流：10mA～5.0A，连续可调；Emission current: 10mA～5.0A, continuously adjustable;
发射电压：0.5V～100V，连续可调；Emission voltage: 0.5V ~ 100V, continuously adjustable;
发射波形：占空比为50％或93.75％的方波；Transmit waveform: a square wave with a duty cycle of 50% or 93.75%;
发射主频：1/128Hz～32×1024Hz；Main frequency of transmission: 1/128Hz～32×1024Hz;
频率稳定性：±1.5×10-6。Frequency stability: ±1.5×10-6 .
随后使用探测电极架14上的探测电极141来检测模拟水槽11不同位置的反馈电磁信号，并根据反馈电磁信号生成反馈模拟信号。该探测电极架14的第一固定横梁142的翘曲变形量小于5mm，以较好的保证所有探测电极141的入水深度一致。探测电极141通过抱箍145设置在第二固定横梁144上，并可调整探测电极141在第二固定横梁144上的位置，即探测电极141的水平位置。同时探测电极141可通过电极夹1461设置在转接夹具146上，并可调整探测电极141在电极夹1461上的位置，即探测电极141的垂直位置。为了提高检测的精确度，该探测电极141使用内阻小、体积小以及电动势稳定的甘汞参比电极，且每个电极通过信号线缆与电磁信号采集器15连接，以保证采集信号无干扰。Then, the detection electrodes 141 on the detection electrode frame 14 are used to detect the feedback electromagnetic signals at different positions of the simulated water tank 11, and the feedback analog signals are generated according to the feedback electromagnetic signals. The warping deformation of the first fixed beam 142 of the detection electrode frame 14 is less than 5mm, so as to better ensure that the depths of all detection electrodes 141 entering the water are consistent. The detection electrode 141 is arranged on the second fixed beam 144 through the hoop 145 , and the position of the detection electrode 141 on the second fixed beam 144 can be adjusted, that is, the horizontal position of the detection electrode 141 . At the same time, the detection electrode 141 can be arranged on the transfer fixture 146 through the electrode clamp 1461 , and the position of the detection electrode 141 on the electrode clamp 1461 can be adjusted, that is, the vertical position of the detection electrode 141 . In order to improve the accuracy of detection, the detection electrode 141 uses a calomel reference electrode with small internal resistance, small volume and stable electromotive force, and each electrode is connected to the electromagnetic signal collector 15 through a signal cable to ensure that the collected signal is free from interference .
然后电磁信号采集器15在蓄电池17的驱动下采集探测电极的反馈模拟信号，电磁信号采集器15和数据处理装置16根据不同位置的探测电极141的反馈模拟信号生成井地电磁物理模拟曲线。具体为：Then the electromagnetic signal collector 15 is driven by the storage battery 17 to collect the feedback analog signal of the detection electrode, and the electromagnetic signal collector 15 and the data processing device 16 generate the well ground electromagnetic physical simulation curve according to the feedback analog signal of the detection electrode 141 at different positions. Specifically:
采用64×1024Hz的频率采样，信号放大单元161对多通道的反馈模拟信号进行放大处理；随后对反馈模拟信号进行去直流高通滤波、50Hz陷波处理以及抗混叠低通滤波处理后；数据处理装置16的模数转换单元162对多通道的反馈模拟信号进行模数转换；最后数据处理装置16的曲线生成单元163根据不同位置的探测电极的模数转换后的反馈模拟生成信号模拟曲线。Using 64×1024Hz frequency sampling, the signal amplifying unit 161 amplifies the multi-channel feedback analog signal; then performs DC high-pass filtering, 50Hz notch processing and anti-aliasing low-pass filtering on the feedback analog signal; data processing The analog-to-digital conversion unit 162 of the device 16 performs analog-to-digital conversion on the multi-channel feedback analog signals; finally, the curve generation unit 163 of the data processing device 16 generates signal simulation curves according to the analog-to-digital conversion feedback simulations of the detection electrodes at different positions.
最后数据处理装置16可根据井地电磁物理模拟曲线来进行模拟油气的石墨水泥的位置判断。首先将采集完成后的观测数据归一化处理，并对各数据进行道编辑，去除各道中异常飞点数据或其他超出正常变化范围的数据，再用滤波去掉高频噪声，之后叠加处理得到时长为8个发射周期的数据。其中井地电磁物理模拟曲线包括频率域总场曲线以及频率域背景场曲线，频率域总场曲线为高阻体存在时测量的反馈模拟信号生成的曲线；频率域背景场曲线为使用未放置高阻体时测量的反馈模拟信号生成曲线。数据处理装置可根据频率域总场曲线与频率域背景场曲线的差值生成频率域异常场曲线，并根据频率域异常场曲线确定高阻目标区域。Finally, the data processing device 16 can judge the position of the graphite cement simulating oil and gas according to the electromagnetic physics simulation curve of the well. Firstly, normalize the observed data after collection, and edit each data channel to remove abnormal flying point data or other data beyond the normal range of variation in each channel, and then use filtering to remove high-frequency noise, and then superimpose to obtain the duration data for 8 transmit cycles. The well-ground electromagnetic physics simulation curve includes the frequency domain total field curve and the frequency domain background field curve. Curves are generated for the feedback analog signal measured at resistive body time. The data processing device can generate the abnormal field curve in the frequency domain according to the difference between the total field curve in the frequency domain and the background field curve in the frequency domain, and determine the high-resistance target area according to the abnormal field curve in the frequency domain.
具体请参照图5A至图5C，其中图5A为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的频率域总场曲线的示意图，图5B为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的频率域背景场曲线的示意图，图5C为本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的优选实施例的频率域异常场曲线的示意图。其中横坐标为位置，纵坐标为信号强度。从图5C中可知横坐标为0的位置上，反馈模拟信号产生了突变，因此可判断坐标为0处的位置为高阻目标区域，其中曲线上出现的其他不规则扰动可能是由于边界反射、测量电极稳定性、供电的电流幅值记录误差等等诸多因素引起。这时可与实际石墨水泥的设定区域进行对比，从而得出该频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置的检测准确性。Please refer to Figure 5A to Figure 5C for details, wherein Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the frequency domain total field curve of a preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention, and Figure 5B is the frequency domain wellground of the present invention A schematic diagram of the frequency-domain background field curve of a preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the electromagnetic prospecting method, and FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram of the frequency-domain abnormal field curve of a preferred embodiment of the physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention. The abscissa is the position, and the ordinate is the signal strength. It can be seen from Figure 5C that at the position where the abscissa is 0, the feedback analog signal has a sudden change, so it can be judged that the position where the coordinate is 0 is the high-resistance target area, and other irregular disturbances on the curve may be due to boundary reflection, It is caused by many factors such as the stability of the measuring electrode, the recording error of the current amplitude of the power supply, and so on. At this time, it can be compared with the set area of the actual graphite cement, so as to obtain the detection accuracy of the physical simulation device of the well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method in this frequency domain.
这样即完成了本优选实施例的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置10的使用过程。In this way, the process of using the physical simulation device 10 of the frequency-domain wellground electromagnetic prospecting method of this preferred embodiment is completed.
本发明的频率域井地电磁勘探方法的物理模拟装置通过模拟水槽来模拟具体的油田开发环境，可通过不同频率、不同深度以及不同位置的反馈电磁信号的采集，来模拟油气目标区域的探测，探测准确性较高、且探测可靠性也较高；因此可依此探测结果对井地电磁勘探的工作设计进行优化与改进；填补了频率域井地电磁勘探方法没有物理模拟装置的空白，解决了用直流电法模拟电磁勘探方法的准确性较差且可靠性也较低的技术问题。The physical simulation device of the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method of the present invention simulates the specific oil field development environment by simulating the water tank, and can simulate the detection of oil and gas target areas through the collection of feedback electromagnetic signals at different frequencies, different depths and different positions. The detection accuracy is high, and the detection reliability is also high; therefore, the work design of well-ground electromagnetic prospecting can be optimized and improved based on the detection results; it fills the gap that the frequency-domain well-ground electromagnetic prospecting method does not have a physical simulation device, and solves the problem of The technical problem that the accuracy and reliability of the electromagnetic prospecting method simulated by the DC method is poor and the reliability is also low.
综上所述，虽然本发明已以优选实施例揭露如上，但上述优选实施例并非用以限制本发明，本领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与润饰，因此本发明的保护范围以权利要求界定的范围为准。In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the scope defined in the claims.
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| CN111897022A (en)* | 2020-07-06 | 2020-11-06 | 成都理工大学 | Experiment device and method for three-dimensional anisotropic physical simulation of electromagnetic method in frequency domain well |
| CN115356773B (en)* | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-10 | 四川中成煤田物探工程院有限公司 | Magnetic rod posture adjusting device, using method and manufacturing method thereof |
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