技术领域technical field
本发明属于土木工程领域，涉及一种土工试验仪器器材，具体涉及一种压、拔综合室内实验桩模型实验装置。The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering, and relates to a soil engineering test instrument and equipment, in particular to a comprehensive indoor experimental pile model experimental device for pressing and pulling.
背景技术Background technique
对于桩的性能测试实验一直是桩基工程理论的重要手段。但是进行室外现场实验时，需要调用大量机械设备和人力物力。The performance test of piles has always been an important means of pile foundation engineering theory. However, when conducting outdoor field experiments, a large amount of mechanical equipment, manpower and material resources are needed.
传统室外现场试验无法对桩身周围土体的变化情况进行直接观测，很难对受压后的桩身周围的土体进行采样研究，实验时桩身承载力会受到桩端承载力的影响等诸多不便。另外，传统的室外实验难以对整个实验过程的土体应力状况进行监测和记录，对于桩顶的荷载和沉降也不能进行精确的测量。Traditional outdoor field tests cannot directly observe the changes in the soil around the pile body, and it is difficult to sample the soil around the pile body after compression. The bearing capacity of the pile body will be affected by the bearing capacity of the pile tip during the experiment, etc. A lot of inconvenience. In addition, traditional outdoor experiments are difficult to monitor and record the stress state of the soil throughout the experiment process, and cannot accurately measure the load and settlement of the pile top.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于测试桩性能的压、拔综合室内实验桩模型实验装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a pile model experimental device for testing pile performance in a comprehensive indoor experiment of compression and pulling.
技术方案如下：The technical solution is as follows:
一种压、拔综合室内实验桩模型实验装置，包括模型桩、实验箱体、加载装置、监测装置和实验辅助装置，模型桩位于实验箱体的中央位置，加载装置包括杠杆和施重砝码，杠杆一端摆动连接于模型箱一侧箱壁上，杠杆的作用点位于模型桩的上方，杠杆另一端穿过对侧箱壁，其末端设有悬吊器悬吊施重砝码；监测装置包括测量系统、传感系统、信号采集系统和信号处理系统；施重砝码的作用力通过杠杆和/或通过杠杆上设有的钢丝绳作用在模型桩上。A comprehensive indoor experimental pile model experimental device for pressing and pulling, including a model pile, an experimental box, a loading device, a monitoring device and an experimental auxiliary device. The model pile is located in the center of the experimental box, and the loading device includes a lever and a weight. , one end of the lever is oscillatingly connected to the side wall of the model box, the action point of the lever is above the model pile, the other end of the lever passes through the opposite side box wall, and a hanger is installed at the end to suspend the weight; the monitoring device It includes a measurement system, a sensor system, a signal acquisition system and a signal processing system; the force of the weight applied to the model pile acts on the model pile through the lever and/or through the steel wire rope provided on the lever.
进一步，实验箱体由箱架、箱底板和四面侧壁组成，四面侧壁在至少三个不同的部位设置了活动窗门；在箱底板设有多功能实验孔，多功能实验孔带有活动孔盖。Further, the experimental box is composed of a box frame, a box bottom plate and four side walls, and the four side walls are provided with movable windows and doors in at least three different positions; a multifunctional experimental hole is provided on the box bottom plate, and the multifunctional experimental hole has a movable window. hole cover.
更进一步，所述实验箱体的四面侧壁由三面钢板壁和一面钢化玻璃壁组成；在钢化玻璃面壁上有三个不同的部位设置了活动窗门。Furthermore, the four side walls of the experimental box are composed of three steel plate walls and one tempered glass wall; movable windows and doors are set at three different positions on the tempered glass walls.
进一步，施重砝码的作用力通过杠杆作用在模型桩上即抗压试验，杠杆的末端直接悬吊施重砝码，杠杆的作用力通过拉压轴力计向下作用在模型桩的上端，拉压轴力计设置在杠杆的作用点下方。Further, the force of the weight is applied to the model pile through the leverage, that is, the compression test. The end of the lever directly hangs the weight, and the force of the lever acts downward on the upper end of the model pile through the tension and compression axial force gauge. The tension-compression axial force gauge is arranged below the action point of the lever.
进一步，施重砝码的作用力通过杠杆上设有的钢丝绳作用在模型桩上即抗拔试验，钢丝绳滑动设置在杠杆的作用点和杠杆末端之间，钢丝绳的一端悬吊施重砝码，钢丝绳的另一端作用力通过拉压轴力计向上作用在模型桩的上端，拉压轴力计设置在杠杆的作用点下方。Further, the force of the weight weight acts on the model pile through the steel wire rope provided on the lever, that is, the pull-out test. The wire rope is slidably arranged between the action point of the lever and the end of the lever, and one end of the wire rope hangs the weight weight. The force at the other end of the wire rope acts upwards on the upper end of the model pile through the tension-compression axial force meter, and the tension-compression axial force meter is arranged below the action point of the lever.
更进一步，在杠杆的作用点和杠杆末端分别设有一个滑轮，钢丝绳与这两个滑轮滑动连接，钢丝绳通过拉压轴力计上的吊环与模型桩上的挂钩连接。Furthermore, a pulley is respectively arranged at the action point of the lever and the end of the lever, and the steel wire rope is slidably connected with the two pulleys, and the steel wire rope is connected with the hook on the model pile through the suspension ring on the tension and pressure axial force gauge.
进一步，测量系统包括沉降测量仪、载荷测量仪和土体应力测量仪。Further, the measurement system includes a settlement measuring instrument, a load measuring instrument and a soil stress measuring instrument.
更进一步，沉降测量仪包括激光测距仪、百分表和刚性测试板，刚性测试板水平安装在模型桩的上端，激光测距仪的激光探头正对着刚性测试板，两个百分表对称设置在刚性测试板上；载荷测量仪为设置在模拟桩顶的拉压轴力计，拉压轴力计设置在杠杆的作用点下方；土体应力测量仪为埋设在实验箱内且均匀分布在模拟桩身土体周围的土压力盒。Furthermore, the settlement measuring instrument includes a laser range finder, a dial indicator and a rigid test board. The rigid test board is installed horizontally on the upper end of the model pile. The laser probe of the laser range finder is facing the rigid test board. The two dial indicators It is symmetrically arranged on the rigid test board; the load measuring instrument is a tensile and compressive axial force meter installed on the top of the simulated pile, and the tensile and compressive axial force meter is set below the action point of the lever; the soil stress measuring instrument is buried in the test box and evenly distributed in the An earth pressure box that simulates the soil around the pile body.
进一步，实验辅助装置包括测试仪器摆放架，沉降测量仪固定在沉降仪器摆放架上；激光测距仪设置在仪器摆放架的下方，激光测距仪的激光探头正对着刚性测试板5。Further, the experimental auxiliary device includes a test instrument placement rack, and the settlement measuring instrument is fixed on the settlement instrument placement rack; the laser range finder is arranged below the instrument placement rack, and the laser probe of the laser range finder is facing the rigid test board 5.
进一步，在杠杆的末端外侧设有一个与施重砝码连接的悬吊栓；在杠杆的内侧，杠杆的作用点和杠杆末端分别设有一个滑轮，钢丝绳通过两个滑轮与杠杆滑动连接。Further, a suspension bolt connected to the weight is provided on the outside of the end of the lever; a pulley is respectively arranged on the action point of the lever and the end of the lever on the inside of the lever, and the wire rope is slidably connected to the lever through two pulleys.
本发明有益效果明显：The beneficial effect of the present invention is obvious:
（1）本发明对加载系统进行了优化，利用简单的杠杆原理，调节施加给模拟桩顶的荷载，可快速进行垃、压不同荷载实验，滑轮的运用可以方便对模拟桩进行抗拔试验，节省了机械设备和其他人力物力。(1) The present invention optimizes the loading system, uses the simple lever principle to adjust the load applied to the top of the simulated pile, and can quickly conduct different load experiments of rubbish and pressure, and the use of pulleys can facilitate the pullout test of the simulated pile. Save mechanical equipment and other manpower and material resources.
（2）箱底板设有的底部孔洞为多功能实验孔，由于传统室外现场实验不可避免桩端承载力，对单独的桩身承载力的实验分析产生影响。因此我们在底板中部设置多功能实验孔。进行实验时，桩端没有持力层，不产生桩端承载力，对桩身侧摩阻力的实验测定精度有了显著提高。(2) The bottom hole provided on the bottom plate of the box is a multi-functional experimental hole. Due to the unavoidable bearing capacity of the pile end in the traditional outdoor field experiment, it will affect the experimental analysis of the bearing capacity of the pile body alone. Therefore, we set the multifunctional experimental hole in the middle of the bottom plate. During the experiment, there is no load-bearing layer at the pile tip, and the bearing capacity of the pile tip does not occur, and the accuracy of the experimental measurement of the pile side friction resistance has been significantly improved.
（3）实验箱体的四面侧壁包括三面钢板壁和一面钢化玻璃壁，实验箱体在保证自己高强度同时可以通过钢化玻璃壁对模拟桩身周围土体进行直接地观测。(3) The four side walls of the experimental box include three steel plate walls and one tempered glass wall. The experimental box can directly observe the soil around the simulated pile body through the tempered glass wall while ensuring its own high strength.
（4）钢化玻璃壁有三个不同的部位设置了活动窗门，这三个活动窗门可以自由开关，方便取出受压桩身周围的土样，有利于对这些土样进行分析。(4) The tempered glass wall has movable windows and doors on three different parts. These three movable windows and doors can be opened and closed freely, which is convenient for taking out the soil samples around the compressed pile body, which is beneficial to the analysis of these soil samples.
（5）测量系统由仪器摆放架、百分表、拉压轴力计、激光测距仪和土压力盒组成。百分表和激光测距仪的应用使得对桩身沉降量的测量更加精确。土压力盒按照一定高度间距分布在桩身土体的周围，轴力计设置在桩顶上，这些仪器通过传感系统和信号采集系统相连。信号采集系统和传感系统为六十四位高精密遥感箱，可以实时地对桩顶所受荷载和土体的应力应变进行测量记录。信号处理系统为电脑终端，负责记录分析和处理各项实验数据。(5) The measurement system consists of an instrument display rack, a dial indicator, a tension and compression axial force gauge, a laser range finder and an earth pressure box. The application of the dial indicator and the laser range finder makes the measurement of the settlement of the pile body more accurate. The earth pressure cells are distributed around the soil of the pile body according to a certain height interval, and the axial force gauge is set on the top of the pile. These instruments are connected with the signal acquisition system through the sensing system. The signal acquisition system and sensing system are sixty-four high-precision remote sensing boxes, which can measure and record the load on the pile top and the stress and strain of the soil in real time. The signal processing system is a computer terminal, which is responsible for recording, analyzing and processing various experimental data.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的主视结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2是本发明的后视结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
附图标记：仪器摆放架1，激光测距仪2，拉压轴力计3，百分表4，刚性测试板5，杠杆6，施重砝码7，信号采集系统8，信号处理系统9，土压力盒10，多功能实验孔11，模型桩12，插销13，钢丝绳14，滑轮15。Reference signs: instrument display frame 1, laser range finder 2, tension and compression axial force meter 3, dial indicator 4, rigid test board 5, lever 6, weight 7, signal acquisition system 8, signal processing system 9 , Earth pressure box 10, multifunctional experiment hole 11, model pile 12, latch 13, wire rope 14, pulley 15.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
如图1的一种压、拔综合室内实验桩模型实验装置，包括模型桩12、实验箱体、加载装置、监测装置和实验辅助装置，模型桩12位于实验箱体的中央位置，加载装置包括杠杆6和施重砝码7，杠杆6一端摆动连接于模型箱一侧箱壁上，杠杆6的作用点位于模型桩12的上方，杠杆6另一端穿过对侧箱壁，其末端设有悬吊器悬吊施重砝码7；监测装置包括测量系统、传感系统、信号采集系统8和信号处理系统9；施重砝码7的作用力通过杠杆6和/或通过杠杆6上设有的钢丝绳14作用在模型桩12上。仪器摆放架1作为实验辅助装置用于放置或固定各种实验仪器。A kind of pressing, drawing comprehensive indoor experiment pile model experiment device as shown in Figure 1, comprises model pile 12, experiment box body, loading device, monitoring device and experiment auxiliary device, model pile 12 is positioned at the central position of experiment box body, and loading device comprises Lever 6 and weight 7, one end of lever 6 is swingingly connected to the box wall on one side of the model box, the action point of lever 6 is located above the model pile 12, the other end of lever 6 passes through the box wall on the opposite side, and its end is provided with The hanger suspends the weight 7; the monitoring device includes a measurement system, a sensor system, a signal acquisition system 8 and a signal processing system 9; the force of the weight 7 passes through the lever 6 and/or through the lever 6 Some wire ropes 14 act on the model pile 12. The instrument display rack 1 is used as an experimental auxiliary device for placing or fixing various experimental instruments.
在杠杆6的末端外侧设有一个与施重砝码7连接的悬吊栓；在杠杆6的内侧，杠杆6的作用点和杠杆6末端分别设有一个滑轮15，钢丝绳14通过两个滑轮15与杠杆6滑动连接。On the outside of the end of the lever 6 is provided with a suspension bolt connected with the weight 7; on the inside of the lever 6, a pulley 15 is respectively provided at the action point of the lever 6 and the end of the lever 6, and the wire rope 14 passes through two pulleys 15 Sliding connection with lever 6.
实验箱体16长1.5米，宽1.5米，高1.8米，由箱架、箱底板和四面侧壁组成。实验箱体的四面侧壁由三面钢板壁和一面钢化玻璃壁组成，保证了高强度。The experimental box body 16 is 1.5 meters long, 1.5 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high, and is composed of a box frame, a box bottom plate and four side walls. The four side walls of the experimental box are composed of three steel plate walls and one tempered glass wall, which ensures high strength.
钢化玻璃壁在三个不同的部位设置了活动窗门，这三个活动窗门可以自由打开；箱底板设有多功能实验孔11，多功能实验孔11带有活动孔盖。通过钢化玻璃壁可观察模拟桩身及土体变形破坏时的位置，活动窗门方便在实验时取出在任意位置的土，有利于对这些土样展开分析，以测试模拟桩12在受压时对周围土体造成的压桩影响。箱底板中部设有的多功能实验孔11，通过该实验孔的开闭，不但可以方便控制箱内水位，同时将模型桩置于孔顶正上方时，可以通过打开和关闭孔盖，展开纯桩侧摩阻力实验和桩侧摩阻力+桩端阻力的实验研究，实现模型桩侧阻力及侧阻力加端阻力的压桩实验分析。The toughened glass wall is provided with movable windows at three different positions, and these three movable windows can be opened freely; the bottom plate of the box is provided with a multifunctional experiment hole 11, and the multifunctional experiment hole 11 has a movable hole cover. Through the toughened glass wall, the position of the simulated pile body and soil deformation and failure can be observed. The movable window door is convenient to take out the soil at any position during the experiment, which is conducive to the analysis of these soil samples, so as to test the simulated pile 12 when it is under pressure. The impact of pile pressure on the surrounding soil. There is a multi-functional experiment hole 11 in the middle of the bottom plate of the box. Through the opening and closing of the hole, not only can the water level in the box be controlled conveniently, but also when the model pile is placed directly above the hole top, the pure water can be unfolded by opening and closing the hole cover. Experimental research on pile side friction resistance and pile side friction resistance + pile end resistance, realize the experimental analysis of model pile side resistance and side resistance plus end resistance.
监测装置包括测量系统、传感系统、信号采集系统8和信号处理系统9。测量系统通过传感系统和信号采集系统8相连，信号采集系统8与信号处理系统9相连接。The monitoring device includes a measurement system, a sensing system, a signal acquisition system 8 and a signal processing system 9 . The measurement system is connected to the signal acquisition system 8 through the sensing system, and the signal acquisition system 8 is connected to the signal processing system 9 .
测量系统包括沉降测量仪、载荷测量仪和土体应力测量仪。沉降测量仪用于测量模拟桩身的沉降量，包括百分表4和激光测距仪2，激光测距仪2可以测量超出百分表4量程的较大沉降。百分表4和激光测距仪2优选安置在仪器摆放架1上，其中，激光测距仪2设置在仪器摆放架1的下方，刚性测试板5水平安装在模型桩12的上端，激光测距仪2的激光探头正对着刚性测试板5，两个百分表4对称设置在刚性测试板5上。The measurement system includes settlement gauges, load gauges and soil stress gauges. The settlement measuring instrument is used to measure the settlement of the simulated pile body, including a dial gauge 4 and a laser range finder 2, and the laser range finder 2 can measure larger settlements beyond the range of the dial gauge 4 . The dial indicator 4 and the laser rangefinder 2 are preferably placed on the instrument placement frame 1, wherein the laser rangefinder 2 is arranged below the instrument placement frame 1, and the rigid test plate 5 is horizontally installed on the upper end of the model pile 12, The laser probe of the laser rangefinder 2 is facing the rigid test board 5 , and two dial gauges 4 are symmetrically arranged on the rigid test board 5 .
载荷测量仪优选为设置在模拟桩顶的轴力计3，用于实时测量模拟桩顶所受的载荷。The load measuring instrument is preferably an axial force meter 3 arranged at the top of the simulated pile for real-time measurement of the load on the top of the simulated pile.
土体应力测量仪优选为按照一定高度间距均匀分布在模拟桩身土体周围的土压力盒10，用于对土体的应力应变进行测量。The soil stress measuring instruments are preferably earth pressure cells 10 uniformly distributed around the simulated pile body soil according to a certain height interval, and are used to measure the stress and strain of the soil.
沉降测量仪、载荷测量仪和土体应力测量仪分别通过传感系统与信号采集系统8相连接，传感系统和信号采集系统8为动/静态应变测试系统，可以实时地对模拟桩顶所受荷载和土体的应力应变进行测量并记录。The settlement measuring instrument, the load measuring instrument and the soil stress measuring instrument are respectively connected to the signal acquisition system 8 through the sensing system. The sensing system and the signal acquisition system 8 are dynamic/static strain test systems, which can measure the simulated pile top in real time. The load and stress-strain of the soil are measured and recorded.
信号处理系统9优选为电脑终端，负责记录、分析和处理各项实验数据。The signal processing system 9 is preferably a computer terminal, responsible for recording, analyzing and processing various experimental data.
一、参考图1，抗压试验时：加载装置由施重砝码7和杠杆6组成。杠杆6的一端通过插销13连接于模型箱，杠杆6的另一端添加施重砝码7，通过杠杆原理对模型桩12施加压力。压桩时，当打开多功能实验孔洞时，模型桩底部没有土体支撑，在受杠杆加荷时，桩身与土体仅有侧阻力作为桩身承载力，这样，在进行模型桩侧摩阻力的实验研究时，可以提高实验精度。1. Referring to Figure 1, during the compression test: the loading device consists of a weight 7 and a lever 6. One end of the lever 6 is connected to the model box through a bolt 13, and the other end of the lever 6 is added with a weight 7 to apply pressure to the model pile 12 through the principle of leverage. When the pile is pressed, when the multifunctional experimental hole is opened, there is no soil support at the bottom of the model pile, and when the lever is loaded, only the lateral resistance between the pile body and the soil body is used as the bearing capacity of the pile body. In the experimental study of resistance, the experimental precision can be improved.
通过对杠杆6和施重砝码7进行调节可以灵活控制施加给模拟桩顶的荷载，能够快速进行多种不同荷载试验，方便且易操作。By adjusting the lever 6 and the weight 7, the load applied to the simulated pile top can be flexibly controlled, a variety of different load tests can be quickly performed, and it is convenient and easy to operate.
二、参考图2，抗拔试验时：加载装置包括杠杆6、钢丝绳14和施重砝码7，杠杆6固定在模型箱上，将模型桩12通过挂钩与连接接拔轴力计的吊环连接，再将拉压轴力计3与跨越滑轮15的钢丝绳14连接，由钢丝绳14悬吊的施重砝码7施加上拔动力。2. Referring to Figure 2, during the pull-out test: the loading device includes a lever 6, a steel wire rope 14 and a weight 7, the lever 6 is fixed on the model box, and the model pile 12 is connected to the lifting ring connected to the axial force meter through the hook , and then the tension-compression axial force meter 3 is connected with the wire rope 14 spanning the pulley 15, and the weight 7 suspended by the wire rope 14 is applied to pull out power.
滑轮15上的钢丝绳和轴力计3相连，利用滑轮原理在钢丝绳14尾部添加施重砝码对模型桩12施加上拔力，可以方便对模拟桩12进行抗拔试验，避免了垂直加载，从而省去了大型机械设备和其他人力物力。The steel wire rope on the pulley 15 is connected to the axial force meter 3, and the pulling force is applied to the model pile 12 by adding weights to the tail of the steel wire rope 14 by using the pulley principle, which can facilitate the pullout test of the simulated pile 12, avoiding vertical loading, thereby Save large mechanical equipment and other manpower and material resources.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610300450.1ACN105862937B (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2016-05-09 | One kind pressure, pull out comprehensive laboratory experiment stake bath scaled model experimental device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610300450.1ACN105862937B (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2016-05-09 | One kind pressure, pull out comprehensive laboratory experiment stake bath scaled model experimental device |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105862937A CN105862937A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN105862937Btrue CN105862937B (en) | 2018-01-05 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610300450.1AExpired - Fee RelatedCN105862937B (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2016-05-09 | One kind pressure, pull out comprehensive laboratory experiment stake bath scaled model experimental device |
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| CN (1) | CN105862937B (en) |
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| CN107090859B (en)* | 2017-04-28 | 2019-04-23 | 浙江科技学院 | A kind of test method of the multidirectional horizontal bearing capacity of single pile under compound load action |
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| CN113482069B (en)* | 2021-07-26 | 2022-08-12 | 中国石油大学(北京) | An experimental device for plugging and pulling piles on a jack-up drilling platform |
| CN113740095B (en)* | 2021-09-14 | 2024-04-09 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司 | Simulation experiment device and simulation experiment method for well construction with suction piles |
| CN114045890A (en)* | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-15 | 浙江大学 | A test device and method for measuring ultimate bearing capacity of caisson pipe pile composite anchorage |
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| CN203066126U (en)* | 2012-12-31 | 2013-07-17 | 同济大学 | Test device for simulating vertical tension-compression load effect on pile foundations |
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| CN205576989U (en)* | 2016-05-09 | 2016-09-14 | 东华理工大学 | Comprehensive laboratory experiment stake model experiment device is pressed, pulled out |
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN105862937A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
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| CN105862937B (en) | One kind pressure, pull out comprehensive laboratory experiment stake bath scaled model experimental device | |
| CN205576989U (en) | Comprehensive laboratory experiment stake model experiment device is pressed, pulled out | |
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