CN105840176A - Method and deice for measuring equal yield density while drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring equal yield density while drilling. Annular pressure is measured while drilling, drilling depth and a well track are traced automatically in a downhole, the equal yield density of a drilling fluid and the change of the equal yield density are monitored in real time, whether the equal yield density is in an allowable safe window range is judged, conditions such as downhole pressure control, well cleaning, formation fluid immersion and the like can be mastered timely, a drilling technician can be effectively guided for construction, downhole troublesome conditions and accidents are prevented, drilling to a target layer is realized safely and smoothly, and expected drilling purposes such as reservoir protection and the like are achieved.

Description

With boring equal yield density measuring method and device

Technical field

The present invention based on filing date on May 29th, 2014, Application No. 2014102338597,The divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of invention entitled " with boring equal yield density measuring method and device ".Relate to boring equal yield density monitoring method and device in oil, Natural Gas Drilling Operation, for obtaining in real timeTake down-hole equivalent drilling fluid density during drilling well, instruct narrow Density Window drilling well, extended reach well and owe flatThe job executions such as Heng Jing, reach drilling well safely and fast and effectively protect the purpose of reservoir.

Background technology

Along with oil-gas exploration and development constantly to Deep Development, geological conditions that drillng operation faces and stratumPressure system is increasingly complex, the narrow Density Window under the complex stratum condition such as leakage under spray leakage same layer, upper spraySafety drilling outstanding problem, down hole problem and accident are frequent, it has also become restriction Deep Oil And Gas Exploration exploitationTechnical bottleneck.Solving the effective technical way of narrow Density Window drilling problem under complex stratum condition isImplement fine controlled pressure drilling operation, therefore should monitor equivalent drilling fluid density in real time so that it is control permittingIn the range of Xuing, to guarantee drilling safety.

In big displacement and Horizontal Well Drilling well operations, along with creeping into of high angle hole section, annular space damages along journeyConsumption is continuously increased, and vertical depth increases slowly, is not even increased or decreased (such as hole angle >=90 ° well section),Thus cause drilling fluid equivalent circulating density (ECD) to be stepped up, especially at slim-hole High angleIn the long displacement well section drilling well later stage, the control of equivalent circulating density is particularly important, and can it be to bore safely to reachOne key factor of design finishing drilling well depth.

For under-balance drilling operation, monitor equivalent drilling fluid density in real time so that it is less than formation poreDensity also maintains in rational pressure differential range, can effectively protect reservoir, reduces and reduces drilling fluid pairThe injury of oil-gas Layer, improves the rate of oil and gas recovery, significant to oil-gas exploration and development.Additionally,With boring in real time monitoring equivalent drilling fluid density and change thereof, can also aid in understand in time well cleaning,The situations such as formation fluid intrusion and drilling fluid leakage, for instructing lower step drillng operation to provide help.

Summary of the invention

Relate to downhole drill in consideration of it, it is an object of the invention to provide to monitor drilling fluid equivalent in real time closeThe technical scheme of degree, equivalent drilling fluid density and situation of change thereof in motion tracking drilling process, for narrowThe job executions such as Density Window drilling well, extended reach well and underbalance well provide construction to instruct, and prevent down-holeComplex situations and accident, reach the purpose such as drillng operation and protection oil and gas reservoir safely and fast.

Specifically, the invention provides a kind of with boring equal yield density measurement apparatus, including PWD(Pressure While Drilling) parameter measurement instrument, MWD data communication instrument, its featureIt is, described PWD instrument is respectively provided with in drill string post and annular pressure sensor, is used for measuringDrilling fluid fluid pressure, monitoring start-stop pump situation and the detection subsurface number of delivering a letter, PWD inside and outside drill stringOn be also equipped with axial acceleration sensor, be used for measuring drill string axially-movable situation and to calculate drill string axialDisplacement, the application down-hole real-time tracking degree of depth is vertical deep with deviational survey data calculation pressure sensor positionDegree, and then try to achieve equivalent drilling fluid density, PWD passes through the same MWD of upper and lower data connector(Measurement While Drilling) communication connects, and MWD is used for measurement while drilling orientation parameterWith upload underground survey parameter.

The present invention also provides for a kind of with boring equal yield density measuring method, it is characterised in that be included in down-holeMemorizer is arranged and has bored well track basic parameter, borehole depth checkpoint, differently layer depth to be drilledDegree allows equal yield density scope, pressure transducer and orientation parameter sensing station, pressure and axially addsThe parameter step such as velocity sensor sampling time；Under get into shaft bottom after drill string be in pause motion state,Ground starts to creep into after down-hole transmission information, after initializing speed and axial displacement, utilizes accelerationSensor carries out drill string axially-movable distance (degree of depth) tracking step；The application down-hole real-time tracking degree of depthWith deviational survey data calculation pressure sensor position vertical depth, and then try to achieve equivalent drilling fluid density step,Wherein, if equal yield density is beyond allowed band or deviation normal variation trend, timely by MWDUploading to ground system, and carry out early warning and show, otherwise to upload equivalent drilling well liquid-tight for separated in timeDegree；When (being typically set to creep into the degree of depth that makes up a joint) when brill reaches desired depth checkpoint, suspend drill stringMotion carries out deviational survey, after deviational survey uploads to ground system confirmation, sends information to down-hole and recovers to boreEnter operation, continue drilling depth and follow the tracks of and with boring equal yield density monitoring until terminating to creep into operation.

The present invention also provides for a kind of measuring method for measuring drill string axially-movable distance, and its feature existsIn, utilize axial acceleration sensor measurement axial acceleration, then measurement axial acceleration is carried outFiltering, is superimposed on DC error signal therein and noise interferences to filter, tries to achieve and have when creeping intoThe drill string axially-movable acceleration of effect, can try to achieve axially-movable speed to integration of effective exercise accelerationDegree；Again the axially-movable speed calculated is filtered, is superimposed on DC error therein to filterSignal and noise interferences, try to achieve effective drill string axially-movable speed when creeping into, to effective exerciseIntegration of speed can be tried to achieve and be moved axially distance, is achieved in drill string and moves axially the measurement of distance.

The present invention also provides for a kind of method that down-hole obtains complete deviational survey data, it is characterised in that pass throughDown-hole predetermined depth checkpoint, during to desired depth, suspends drillstring motion deviational survey and uploads measurement result,Ground is lower photos and sending messages after confirming, thus down-hole can obtain measurement point depth data.

The present invention also provides for a kind of with boring equal yield density measuring method, it is characterised in that include with boring deepDegree tracking step and equal yield density calculation procedure, i.e.

Obtain and measure some depth data, obtain displacement increment when creeping into, measurement pressure transducer and wellThe tiltedly spacing between sensor, according to the depth data accurately obtained, described displacement increment and describedSpacing, tries to achieve annular pressure and measures some degree of depth L, calculate it further with deviational survey data corresponding verticalDepth H, according to the annular pressure P of measurement while drilling_aAnd correspondence vertical depth H, calculate equivalent drilling fluidDensity p_e

${\mathrm{\ρ}}_e=\frac{P_a}{gH}$

In formula, g is acceleration of gravity.

The present invention also provides for a kind of with boring equal yield density method for uploading, it is characterised in that include being obtainedThe equal yield density taken carries out analysis step and uploading step, i.e.

Utilize downhole stored ' Safe Density Windows tables of data, equal yield density scope ρ that inquiry allows_min~ρ_max；

Judge equivalent drilling fluid density ρ calculated at pressure measurement point vertical depth H_eThe most correspondingDensity range ρ that described tables of data is allowed_min～ρ_max；

If equivalent drilling fluid density ρ_min≤ρ_e≤ρ_max, then separated in time is uploaded and is worked as with brillMetric density ρ_e, otherwise, MWD uploads result immediately to ground system, and carries out early warning.

In the present invention, downhole tool basic configuration includes: positive pulse generator, turbogenerator,Drive pipe nipple, battery sleeve pipe nipple, position finder pipe nipple, lower data connector, upper data connector, electricityPressure in pond and circuit, axial motion transducer, data readback interface, annular pressure sensor, postSensor etc..

In the present invention, equipped with in post and annular space on PWD (Pressure While Drilling) instrumentPressure transducer, for measuring drilling fluid fluid pressure, monitoring start-stop pump situation and the inspection inside and outside drill stringSurvey the subsurface number of delivering a letter；It is also equipped with axial acceleration sensor on PWD, is used for measuring drill string and axially transportsEmotionally condition and calculating drill string move axially distance；PWD passes through the same MWD of upper and lower data connector(Measurement While Drilling) communication connects；MWD is used for measurement while drilling orientation parameterWith upload underground survey parameter.

In the present invention, before lower brill, arrange in downhole memory bored well track basic parameter,Borehole depth checkpoint to be drilled, the Different Strata degree of depth allow equal yield density scope, pressure transducer and determineTo parameter sensors position, the parameter such as pressure and axial acceleration sensor sample time；Under get into well, drill string is in pause motion state at the end, and ground starts to creep into after down-hole transmission information, initializes speedAfter degree and axially displacement, utilize acceleration sensor to carry out drill string axially-movable distance (degree of depth) and follow the tracks of；The application down-hole real-time tracking degree of depth and deviational survey data calculation pressure sensor position vertical depth, Jin ErqiuObtain equivalent drilling fluid density；If equal yield density is beyond allowed band or deviation normal variation trend, logicalCrossing MWD and upload to ground system in time, and carry out early warning and show, otherwise separated in time is uploadedEquivalent drilling fluid density；(it is typically set to creep into the degree of depth that makes up a joint) when brill reaches desired depth checkpointTime, suspend drillstring motion and carry out deviational survey, after deviational survey uploads to ground system confirmation, send letter to down-holeCease and recover brill and creep into operation, continue drilling depth and follow the tracks of and with boring equal yield density monitoring until terminating to boreEnter operation.

The effect of invention

The technical scheme measured in real time according to downhole drill equal yield density proposed by the invention, in drilling wellDuring measurement while drilling annular pressure, down-hole, from motion tracking drilling depth and well track, is monitored in real timeEquivalent drilling fluid density and change thereof, and judge equal yield density whether be in permission security window in the range of,The situations such as down-hole pressure control, hole cleaning and formation fluid immersion can be grasped in time, effectively instructDrilling technology personnel construct, prevention down hole problem and accident, thus safety is bored smoothly and reached meshLayer, it is achieved reservoir protection etc. expection wellbore target.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is that annular pressure measures system schematic.

Fig. 2 is with boring equal yield density measuring method flow chart.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is explained in detail.

Fig. 1 is that annular pressure measures system schematic.

As it is shown in figure 1, downhole tool is annular pressure measures system, basic configuration includes: positive pulseGenerator 1, turbogenerator 2, drive pipe nipple 3, battery sleeve pipe nipple 4, position finder pipe nipple 5, underData connector 6, upper data connector 7, battery and circuit 8, axial motion transducer 9, dataPlayback interface 10, annular pressure sensor 11, post pressure sensor 12 etc..

Equipped with in post and annular pressure sensor on PWD instrument, for measuring the drilling fluid inside and outside drill stringFluid pressure, monitoring start-stop pump situation and the detection subsurface number of delivering a letter；It is also equipped with on PWD axially acceleratingDegree sensor, is used for measuring drill string axially-movable situation and calculating drill string moving axially distance；PWDConnected with MWD communication by upper and lower data connector；MWD for measurement while drilling orientation parameter andUpload underground survey parameter.

Before lower brill, arrange in downhole memory and bored well track basic parameter, well to be drilledDegree of depth checkpoint, the Different Strata degree of depth allow equal yield density scope, pressure transducer and orientation parameter to passThe parameters such as sensor position, pressure and axial acceleration sensor sample time；Under get into drill string behind shaft bottomBeing in pause motion state, ground starts to creep into after down-hole transmission information, initializes speed and axiallyAfter displacement, utilize acceleration sensor to carry out drill string axially-movable distance (degree of depth) and follow the tracks of；Application down-holeThe real-time tracking degree of depth and deviational survey data calculation pressure sensor position vertical depth, and then try to achieve equivalent brillThe liquid-tight degree of well；If equal yield density is beyond allowed band or deviation normal variation trend, pass through MWDUploading to ground system in time, and carry out early warning and show, otherwise separated in time uploads equivalent drilling wellLiquid-tight degree；When (being typically set to creep into the degree of depth that makes up a joint) when brill reaches desired depth checkpoint, suspendDrillstring motion carries out deviational survey, after deviational survey uploads to ground system confirmation, sends information to down-hole and recoversBrill creeps into operation, continues drilling depth and follows the tracks of and with boring equal yield density monitoring until terminating to creep into operation.

Fig. 2 is with boring equal yield density measuring method flow chart.

As in figure 2 it is shown, measuring method of the present invention and step are as follows:

One, PWD running parameter is set in downhole instrument, mainly includes data below:

1. appliance time parameter: instrument start-up time delay, pressure and axial acceleration sampling time；

PWD start-up time delay is according to preparation time, running speed before lower brill and starts to measure deeplyDegree determines.

The force samples time is wanted according to PWD underground work time, memory size and to monitoring pressureAsk and consider.The generally sampling interval is 1～60 second/point.In order to monitor rapid pressure fluctuations situation,Typical case's sampling interval is 1 second/point.

The axial acceleration sampling time is 0.001～0.1 second/point.

2. sensing station: ring compression sensor and orientation parameter sensor are away from bit location；

3. Different Strata (vertical depth) ' Safe Density Windows: initial depth, terminate the degree of depth, minimum density,Maximal density；

Drilling well eye deviational survey tables of data the most: depth measurement L, hole angle α, azimuth

Borehole depth checkpoint table the most to be drilled: well depth

Two, instrument arrives drilling tool of staying off the feet after desired depth, and MWD measures orientation parameter and also uploadsTo ground system；

Generally will be drilled the drilling depth drilling tool that makes up a joint to sit deviation sensor correspondence degree of depth when blocking and be set to directional surveyPoint, the most both saved the time, also ensured that the accurate measurement result of acquisition.Connect single after, turn on pumpCirculating fluid, measurement data is uploaded to ground system by MWD.

Three, ground receiver to measure hole angle and azimuth after, after confirmation to down-hole send signal,Start to creep into operation；

Ground is properly received after uploading data, sends confirmation signal to down-hole, starts to creep into operation.

Four, downhole stored deviational survey result (depth measurement, hole angle, azimuth), initializes speed and axleTo displacement increment；

After down-hole receives confirmation signal, store hole deviation measurement result data, and initialize drilling tool and axially moveDynamic speed and axial displacement increment.

Five, measurement axial acceleration is filtered, obtains drill string axially-movable acceleration a_x；

It is filtered measuring axial acceleration, filters and be superimposed on DC error signal therein and noiseInterference signal, tries to achieve effective drill string axially-movable acceleration a when creeping into_x。

Six, to effective exercise acceleration a_xAxially-movable speed and drill string once can be asked to move with quadratic integralDynamic distance；

Integration of effective exercise acceleration can be tried to achieve axially-movable speed.

Again the axially-movable speed calculated is filtered, is superimposed on DC error therein to filterSignal and noise interferences, try to achieve effective drill string axially-movable speed when creeping into, to effective exerciseIntegration of speed can be tried to achieve and be moved axially distance.

Therefore utilize acceleration of motion a_xOnce can ask axially-movable speed and relative drill string with quadratic integralThe displacement Δ L of rest point.

Δ L=∫ ∫ a_x

Seven, obtain annular pressure according to drill string displacement and measure some degree of depth L, and according to downhole storedDeviational survey tables of data calculates its vertical depth H；

According to the accurate depth obtained when suspending drilling tool deviational survey, obtained position when creeping into by axial accelerationMove the spacing between increment and pressure transducer and deviation sensor, annular pressure can be asked to measure some degree of depth L,Its corresponding vertical depth H is calculated further with deviational survey data.

As a example by minimum-curvature method, the vertical depth increment △ H computing formula between 2 directional survey points is:

Δ H=L_T(cosα_i-1+cosα_i)

$L_T=\frac{180}{\mathrm{\π}}\frac{L_i-L_{i-1}}{\mathrm{\γ}}tan\frac{\mathrm{\γ}}{2}$

γ=arccos [cos α_i-1cosα_i+sinα_i-1sinα_icos(φ_i-φ_i-1)]

L in formula, α,Be respectively depth measurement/m, hole angle/° and azimuth/°；γ is between two measuring pointsDogleg angle/°；L_TTwo tangent section length/m for circular arc.

When being steady tilted section when between two measuring points, Δ H=(L_i-L_i-1)cosα_i。

By accumulative each survey section vertical depth increment, and it is deep to utilize Interpolation Principle can try to achieve annular pressure measurement pointDegree L correspondence vertical depth H.

Eight, according to the annular pressure P of measurement while drilling_aAnd correspondence vertical depth H calculating equivalent drilling well is liquid-tightDegree ρ_e

${\mathrm{\ρ}}_e=\frac{P_a}{gH}$

In formula, g is acceleration of gravity.

Nine, according to downhole stored ' Safe Density Windows tables of data, density range ρ that inquiry allows_min~ρ_max；

According to downhole stored ' Safe Density Windows tables of data, inquiry pressure measurement point vertical depth H is correspondingAllow density range ρ_min～ρ_max。

If ten equivalent drilling fluid densities ρ_min≤ρ_e≤ρ_max, then separated in time upload withBore equal yield density ρ_e, otherwise, MWD uploads result immediately to ground system, and carries out early warning；

If calculating equivalent drilling fluid density ρ_eIn the range of Safe Density, i.e. ρ_min≤ρ_e≤ρ_max,Then separated in time is uploaded with boring equal yield density ρ_e；Otherwise carrying out early warning, MWD uploads knot immediatelyHelp is analyzed and taken measures to provide to fruit, to ground system, in time for drillng operation workmen, and thenPrevent down hole problem and accident from occurring.

11, continue to creep into operation, to above-mentioned steps two.

At down-hole pressure under normal circumstances, continue to creep into operation, return step 2 and carry out with boring equivalent closeDegree monitoring in real time, instructs engineering to carry out drillng operation as technical staff.

To sum up, the present invention proposes a kind of with boring equivalent drilling fluid density measurement solution, surveys with boringAmount annular pressure, down-hole is from motion tracking drilling depth and well track, and monitoring drilling fluid equivalent is close in real timeDegree and change, and judge equal yield density whether be in permission security window in the range of, can grasp in timeThe situations such as down-hole pressure control, hole cleaning and formation fluid immersion, instruct drilling technology people effectivelyMember constructs, prevention down hole problem and accident, thus safety is bored smoothly and reached target zone, it is achievedThe expection wellbore target such as reservoir protection.

Although the present invention being described in detail with embodiment above by reference to accompanying drawing, but, theyBeing merely an illustrative, those skilled in the art are fully able to according to present invention teach that and making it respectivelyThe replacement of the form of kind or change, on the premise of without departing from present inventive concept and spirit, every to thisVarious changes and modification that invention is made are accordingly to be regarded as the content that the present invention is contained, and each fall within appended rightWithin the scope of requirement.

Claims (1)

1. one kind with bore equal yield density method for uploading, it is characterised in that include acquired equivalent closeDegree carries out analysis step and uploading step, i.e.

Utilize downhole stored ' Safe Density Windows tables of data, equal yield density scope ρ that inquiry allows_min~ρ_max；

Judge equivalent drilling fluid density ρ calculated at pressure measurement point vertical depth H_eThe most correspondingDensity range ρ that described tables of data is allowed_min～ρ_max；

If equivalent drilling fluid density ρ_min≤ρ_e≤ρ_max, then separated in time is uploaded and is worked as with brillMetric density ρ_e, otherwise, MWD uploads result immediately to ground system, and carries out early warning.