Northern grape big tree transplant survival then and high yield methodTechnical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation technique of Fructus Vitis viniferae, particularly a kind of northern grape big tree transplant survival then and high yield method.
Background technology
Vine not only provides, for people, the good to eat fruit that daily life needs, and is also the good seeds appreciated of afforestation, view.In today that modern city is fast-developing, usually can run into during park, Review Garden, square etc. are built to be rapidly achieved desirable effect, transplant the situation of the big tree of Fructus Vitis viniferae.The big tree of Fructus Vitis viniferae of normal outcome is transplanted according to a conventional method, often there is the problem that survival rate is low.Although some big tree survives, but growth potential is very weak, affects flower_bud formation then and yields positive results, and then affecting yield and Expected Results.
Conventionally vine is transplanted, namely it is completely cured spring balled transplanting, survival rate is not enough half often, and carry the big tree will transplanted the previous year by this method and be completely cured, transplant spring next year, the adverse effect owing to transplanting brings can be avoided completely, survival rate is up to 100%, can realize working as the annual bearing not underproduction, and reach vine and transplant the purpose got bumper crops then then, it is possible to resolve the quick realization of fill the gaps with seedlings the not underproduction and the landscape planting in the vineyard that is short of seedling.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome prior art not enough, the invention provides a kind of northern grape big tree transplant survival then and high yield method, method is as follows:
It is characterized in that, concrete grammar is as follows:
1. it is completely cured time and method
Being completely cured and carry out at twice, the time of being completely cured first time is the last ten-days period moon in 6 months；It is completely cured method: draw square frame at the right and left of selected grapevine seedling, distance trunk 50cm, wide 45～50cm, deep 100cm dressing furrow is excavated from square frame outer, cut off all root systems, backfill Nutrition Soil immediately and water, keep soil water content 20%～25% later；Nutrition Soil formula proportion: garden mould 60%, fertilizer 40%.
Second time is completely cured the time in mid or late July, selects the two other side at the grapevine seedling being completely cured for the first time, and method of being completely cured is with method of being completely cured for the first time.
2. strong tree management and insect pest preventing and controlling after being completely cured
A. the upper management of tree
Staying fruit in principle less to transplanting vine or do not stay fruit, strengthening as far as possible and stay branch amount, retained nutrition branch controls growth in whole pinching by the end of June, and sublateral shoot retains 1 leaf pinching without offspring, promotes the maturation of branch and the full of sprout, and the winter cuts and adopts pole short cane pruning；Growth early stage sprays foliage fertilizer with 0.3% carbamide, and after June, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Foliar Spraying 0.3% promotes shoot maturation, strengthens the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage.
B. underground management
Soil nutrient manages: fertile soil supports root, well established and vigorously developing；In order to obtain flourishing healthy and strong root system, measure soil pH value and moisture in time, water in time and apply fertilizer, maintain soil moisture content 20%～25%；Promote that root system is multiple, it is ensured that tree body robust growth, accumulate nutrient.
C. dig to set and heel in and survive the winter
By the end of October to late November, Fructus Vitis viniferae big tree winter pruning is complete, water a water, and hide temporarily cold-proof with awning film or colour bar cloth；Treat that soil moisture content bleeds back to about 22% and carries out upper plate；Boxboard adopts 6cm thickness, 35cm width wood plank；First excavate both sides, inject plank, then excavate other both sides and also inject plank；When the degree of depth reaches 120cm, deep-cut inward from both sides, the first-class base plate of gradation；Finally with steel strand wires fixing protection wooden case, and twining with wet straw rope or colour bar Polypropylence Sheet and tie up protection trunk, crane operation transports to heeling in place setting greatly.
The big tree of the age of tree raw left and right in 20 years, it is not necessary to plank square chest is packed；When playing tree, the size according to tree, dig big cave as far as possible, form circular soil ball.After digging, cut off and hinder root and long root, keep root system complete；Add straw rope with rush bag to pack；Main climing colour bar Polypropylence Sheet bag is tight, it is prevented that stripping dehydration, protects trunk and bearing basal shoot.
Heeling in wintering method: selecting the spacious plot of traffic convenience, excavation specification, more than wooden case, the zanjon twining straw rope mud ball, puts into great Shu, backfill river sand, moisturizing of watering, soil is put into and buried on a small quantity to branch trench digging, then buries soil again with the covering of colour bar cloth；Then with cold-proof capped root, constant low temperature is kept.
D. spring, lifting was transplanted
At mid or late March, throw off cold-proof quilt, remove anti-dry frozen ground and colour bar cloth；The previous day is dug out Fructus Vitis viniferae big tree in lifting；Entrucking is transported, and notes protection trunk, bearing basal shoot in transport.
Size according to the size of grape root system soil ball, plank square chest packaging has dug planting pit and field planting ditch, uses sufficient fertilizer, and it is real that foot water precipitating is watered in backfill.
E. transplant
The big tree transport of Fructus Vitis viniferae, after destination, is carefully gently discharged into appointment position, plants with crane.According to root system size when planting, first planting pit suitably being repaired, the ancient tree with plank square chest packaging is lifted in planting pit with regard to wooden case, removes plank and banket and water after ajusting；The big tree of Fructus Vitis viniferae removes rush bag straw rope packaging, and the depth of planting is advisable with the flat or slightly deep 1～2cm in ground with the collar portion of tree；Watering permeable after cultivation immediately, that waters is simultaneously introduced rooting powder solution, carries out earthing soil moisture conservation after water has oozed, and spreading improves ground temperature；Behind 10～15 days, interval, then fill the 2nd time permeable.
F. transplant after manage and protect method
1. rich water quality management
Fertilization principle be Shaoshi repeatedly；Compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1 kilogram, ditch spread are executed in the every strain of the big tree of Fructus Vitis viniferae, water after fertilising, execute once every 15 days again；In combination with foliage application, with 0.3% nuclei 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate wedding spray or alone, spraying week about once, after June, carbamide prohibits the use of.
2. the upper management of tree
Timely bud picking: after Fructus Vitis viniferae rudiment, selects the quality of bud as early as possible, leaves stalwartness, bud that position is good, removes unwanted bud；By timely bud picking with determine the tip, save nutrition, make nutrition focus on the bud tip stayed, promote the growth of young sprout and the growth of inflorescence.
Determine time and the method for branch: exhibition leaf after 18～22 days, young sprout grows to 10～20cm, carry out when young sprout can have been found out with or without inflorescence and inflorescence size time first time sparse branching；Remove overstocked branch and weak branch, stay young sprout amount 190～210；Young sprout semi-lignified, carrying out determining the tip after the strong wind phase in spring, the main every 14～16cm of climing more than 100cm stays a young sprout.
Strengthen the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: Fructus Vitis viniferae Major Diseases has the diseases such as gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthrax；The insect pests such as thrips, blind Chinese toon, demodicid mite class, on the basis of integrated control, carry out preventing and treating according to the situation of pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule and generation, it is ensured that set greatly healthy growth, make yield unaffected.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this technology adopts to carry and is completely cured by the big tree intending transplanting the previous year, spring next year transplants, survival rate is up to 100%, can realize working as the annual bearing not underproduction, and reach vine and transplant the purpose got bumper crops then then, it is possible to resolve the quick realization of fill the gaps with seedlings the not underproduction and the landscape planting in the vineyard that is short of seedling.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of northern grape of the present invention big tree transplant survival then and high yield method.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
It is characterized in that concrete grammar is as follows:
1. it is completely cured time and method
Being completely cured and carry out at twice, the time of being completely cured first time is the last ten-days period moon in 6 months；It is completely cured method: draw square frame at the right and left of selected grapevine seedling, distance trunk 50cm, wide 45～50cm, deep 100cm dressing furrow is excavated from square frame outer, cut off all root systems, backfill Nutrition Soil immediately and water, keep soil water content 20%～25% later；Nutrition Soil formula proportion: garden mould 60%, fertilizer 40%.
Second time is completely cured the time in mid or late July, selects the two other side at the grapevine seedling being completely cured for the first time, and method of being completely cured is with method of being completely cured for the first time.
2. strong tree management and insect pest preventing and controlling after being completely cured
A. the upper management of tree
Staying fruit in principle less to transplanting vine or do not stay fruit, strengthening as far as possible and stay branch amount, retained nutrition branch controls growth in whole pinching by the end of June, and sublateral shoot retains 1 leaf pinching without offspring, promotes the maturation of branch and the full of sprout, and the winter cuts and adopts pole short cane pruning；Growth early stage sprays foliage fertilizer with 0.3% carbamide, and after June, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of Foliar Spraying 0.3% promotes shoot maturation, strengthens the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage.
B. underground management
Soil nutrient manages: fertile soil supports root, well established and vigorously developing；In order to obtain flourishing healthy and strong root system, measure soil pH value and moisture in time, water in time and apply fertilizer, maintain soil moisture content 20%～25%；Promote that root system is multiple, it is ensured that tree body robust growth, accumulate nutrient.
C. dig to set and heel in and survive the winter
By the end of October to late November, Fructus Vitis viniferae ancient tree winter pruning is complete, waters a water, and hides temporarily cold-proof with awning film or colour bar cloth；Treat that soil moisture content bleeds back to 21～23% and carries out upper plate；Boxboard adopts 6cm thickness, 35cm width wood plank；First excavate both sides, inject plank, then excavate other both sides and also inject plank；When the degree of depth reaches 120cm, deep-cut inward from both sides, the first-class base plate of gradation；Finally with steel strand wires fixing protection wooden case, and twining with wet straw rope or colour bar Polypropylence Sheet and tie up protection trunk, crane operation transports to heeling in place setting greatly.
The age of tree big tree within life in 20 years, it is not necessary to plank square chest is packed；When playing tree, the size according to tree, dig big cave as far as possible, form circular soil ball；After digging, cut off and hinder root and long root, keep root system complete；Add straw rope with rush bag to pack；Main climing colour bar Polypropylence Sheet bag is tight, it is prevented that stripping dehydration, protects trunk and bearing basal shoot.
Heeling in wintering method: selecting the spacious plot of traffic convenience, excavation specification, more than wooden case, the zanjon twining straw rope mud ball, puts into great Shu, backfill river sand, moisturizing of watering, soil is put into and buried on a small quantity to branch trench digging, then buries soil again with the covering of colour bar cloth；Then with cold-proof capped root, constant low temperature is kept.
D. spring, lifting was transplanted
At mid or late March, throw off cold-proof quilt, remove anti-dry frozen ground and colour bar cloth；The previous day is dug out Fructus Vitis viniferae big tree in lifting；Entrucking is transported, and notes protection trunk, bearing basal shoot in transport.
Size according to the size of grape root system soil ball, plank square chest packaging has dug planting pit and field planting ditch, uses sufficient fertilizer, and it is real that foot water precipitating is watered in backfill.
E. transplant
The big tree transport of Fructus Vitis viniferae, after destination, is carefully gently discharged into appointment position, plants with crane, according to root system size when planting, first planting pit suitably being repaired, the big tree with plank square chest packaging is lifted in planting pit with regard to wooden case, removes plank and banket and water after ajusting；The big tree of Fructus Vitis viniferae removes rush bag straw rope packaging, and the depth of planting is advisable with the flat or slightly deep 1～2cm in ground with the collar portion of tree；Watering permeable after cultivation immediately, that waters is simultaneously introduced rooting powder solution, carries out earthing soil moisture conservation after water has oozed, and spreading improves ground temperature；Behind 10～15 days, interval, then fill the 2nd time permeable.
F. transplant after manage and protect method
1. rich water quality management
Fertilization principle be Shaoshi repeatedly；Compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 1 kilogram, ditch spread are executed in the every strain of the big tree of Fructus Vitis viniferae, water after fertilising, execute once every 15 days again；In combination with foliage application, with the mixed spray or alone of 0.3% carbamide and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, spraying week about once, after June, carbamide prohibits the use of.
2. the upper management of tree
Timely bud picking: after Fructus Vitis viniferae rudiment, selects the quality of bud as early as possible, leaves stalwartness, bud that position is good, removes unwanted bud；By timely bud picking with determine the tip, save nutrition, make nutrition focus on the bud tip stayed, promote the growth of young sprout and the growth of inflorescence.
Determine time and the method for branch: exhibition leaf after 18～22 days, young sprout grows to 10～20cm, carry out when young sprout can have been found out with or without inflorescence and inflorescence size time first time sparse branching；Remove overstocked branch and weak branch, stay young sprout amount 190～210；Young sprout semi-lignified, carrying out determining the tip after the strong wind phase in spring, the main every 14～16cm of climing more than 100cm stays a young sprout.
Strengthen the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: Fructus Vitis viniferae Major Diseases has the diseases such as gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthrax；The insect pests such as thrips, fleahopper, demodicid mite class, on the basis of integrated control, carry out preventing and treating according to the situation of pest and disease damage pests occurrence rule and generation, it is ensured that set greatly healthy growth, make yield unaffected.
The above; being only and invent preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.