Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the present invention provides a kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag nursery sidesMethod, using nutritional bag technology, improves the seedling of sweet photo seed on the basis of existing sweet photo seed seedling-raisingRate, and the emergence for keeping its quick, neat, the seedling acquired environment cultivated are adaptable；Reach saving of labor, it is time saving, economical,Efficiently, transplanting survival rate is improved, the breeding probability of sweet potato excellent variety is improved, shortens the good variety selection time.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, specific steps are as follows:
1) select seedbed: select it is smooth, leeward, on the sunny side, facilitate the vacant lot of management as the seedbed for putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: selection black plastic nutrient bag；
3) Nutrition Soil: biogas residue is dried, is pulverized, crossing 20 meshes, spare；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, dries, and pulverizes, mistake20 meshes, it is spare；Biogas residue, vermiculite, garden mould, plant ash are hybridly prepared into Nutrition Soil；Using it is preceding first plus water is mixed wet, Nutrition Soil is aqueousAmount is 60%, i.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, is put down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: Jiang Jiashui mixes wet Nutrition Soil and is packed into nutrient bag, and first filling 1/4 expires, and is then placed in5 grams of compound fertilizer is further continued for loading Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps, and Nutrition Soil is closely placed in one from sack 1-2cm, by nutrient bagIt rises, surrounding is crowded around with soil or brick；
5) seed sows pre-treatment: 98% concentrated sulfuric acid of sweet photo seed being impregnated 30 minutes, and is stirred continuously, makes to plantSon comes into full contact with the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, soAfter be transferred in 50-55 DEG C of warm water and impregnate, the stirring of this process lasts is heated evenly seed, temperature is down to 30 after 10-15 minutesDEG C when, stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continue impregnate 5-10 minute, take out kindSon is cleaned with distilled water, is transferred in culture dish, distilled water is added, distilled water is advisable just to submerge seed, by the lid of culture dishSon covers, and is put into illumination cultivation in illumination box；
6) it sows: before sowing, first the nutrient bag for installing Nutrition Soil being drenched water, small wooden or tweezers are used among nutrient bagThe hole for making a call to a 1.5cm depth is selected the seed kind to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is entered in hole, pays attention to root downward, then in covering 1cm thickness aboveNutrition Soil, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out will be reseeded again, then cover mulch, heat and moisture preserving；
7) daily management: checking emergence daily, and selection is at dusk after neat seedling or the cloudy day takes off film, pours immediately once after taking off filmIt is permeable, after film removes, is covered and practiced seedling 5-7 days according to weather sunshade net；It does not need to water before taking off film, takes off 3 days early periods after filmA water is poured, pours a water within Later growth 7 days；Qi Miaohou 3-5 days applies nursery fertilizer by the amount of 15g/150 seeds, every 7 daysApply disposable fertilizer；After sowing 30-40 days, 8-10cm is grown to seedling, 6-8 piece leaf can be transplanted.
Preferably, need cutting seedlings transplanting crop field to carry out strain in step 2) and expand nutrient bag of numerous selection compared with small dimension,The nutrient bag of the larger specification of selection of strain breeding need to be directly grown and carried out in Seedling bag.
Preferably, Nutrition Soil is by biogas residue in step 3): vermiculite: garden mould: plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is matchedSystem is sterilized 40 minutes with high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum, weed seed.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is N:P in step 4)2O5:K2O=20:7:13.
Preferably, in step 5), sweet photo seed 25 DEG C of illumination cultivation 48h in illumination box are changed primary for 24 hoursWater.
Preferably, the nursery fertilizer is N:P in step 7)2O5:K2The compound fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen concentration controlIn 300mg/L, nursery fertilizer is dissolved into water, is poured onto nutrient bag with water.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) the method for the present invention germination percentage is high, survival rate of seedling is high, with dense sulfuric acid treatment germination percentage up to 92.55% or more,Ablastous seed can reject when sowing, and by lukewarm water processing and chemicals treatment, under mating reaction, increase disinfection and sterilizationWith the effect of breaking dormancy, shorten germinating time, increases planting percent, planting percent can achieve 100% substantially, and 4-5 days areIt can Qi Miao.
(2) Nutrition Soil presses biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould in the present invention: plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is prepared, Nutrition SoilWell-formed, physicochemical property is good, full of nutrition, and increases the utilization new way of rural area biogas residue, and addition is rich in the vegetation of potassiumAsh is more advantageous to the growth of sweet potato seedling；With high-pressure sterilizing pot in 121 DEG C sterilize 40 minutes, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum,Weed seed etc..
(3) when nutrient bag is filled at 1/4 in the present invention, 5 grams of compound fertilizers are added, refills Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps to sack 1-At 2cm, sufficient nutrient can be provided in sweet potato seedling the middle and late growth stage, promote root to nutrient bag bottom grown, promote strongSeedling, and unity Nutrition Soil are not easy loosely to fall, and improve transplanting survival rate.
(4) the method for the present invention is at low cost, and nutrient bag placement position is flexible, and limitation is small, simple to operate.
(5) compound fertilizer is dissolved into water in the method for the present invention and applies nutrient bag with water, ensure that the uniform of fertilising, be not easyBurn seedlings is caused, and is to guarantee the consistent key measure of seedling growth.
(6) seedling brought out through the method for the present invention, growth is consistent, and for internode away from short, root system is very flourishing, root long, radical andMaximum leaf length and width product higher than seedbed seedling raising manners 114.83%, 44.68% and 52.85% respectively, root fresh weight, root fresh weight ratio andWhole strain dry matter content than seedbed height of seedling 254.57%, 269.88% and 29.57%, illustrates nutrient bag seedling not only in biology respectivelyThe characteristics of showing well developed root system in character is learned, advantage is showed on biomass and is become apparent from, the root/shoot ratio and strong sprout of nutrient bag seedlingIndex is higher than seedbed nursery by 71.43% and 70.34% respectively, absolutely proves that nutrient bag seedling well developed root system, internode be sturdy, seedling matterAmount is significantly better than seedbed seedling.
(7) the method for the present invention is sprinkled profoundly water before transplanting to nutrient bag, and nutrient bag seedling band mass of soil is transplanted, and root is not hurt, and slow seedling is fast,Drought-resistant ability is strong, long-distance transportation no seedling injury, is particularly suitable for promoting and applying in the mountain area of drought, shortage irrigation conditions.
(8) the method for the present invention, which cultivates sweet potato seedling, has the advantages that seedbed nursery, floating seedlings are unexistent, i.e., in the timeOn it is very wide in range, not will cause the contradiction of nursery and soil crops for rotation, can according to soil actual conditions select transplanting time, and also3-5 sections of transplantation of seedlings can be cut again after seedling growth to 50cm, increase every young plant survives probability, guarantees each young plantThe last breeding stage can be can smoothly enter into, the strain to do very well can obtain enough potato wedges, increase numerous seedling of second yearAmount, shorten breeding time, improve breed breeding efficiency, even, as long as selection appropriate size nutrient bag, can not also cutting seedlings,The potato wedge in nutrient bag is finally directly harvested, breeding is carried out, eliminates the work of field planting, management etc., saves worry, is laborsaving, warpIt helps, efficiently.
Embodiment 1
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, specific steps are as follows:
1) select seedbed: select it is smooth, leeward, on the sunny side, facilitate the vacant lot of management as the seedbed for putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: selecting specification for the black plastic nutrient bag of 10 × 12cm, and aperture is arranged at nutrient bag bottom, is sweet potato blockRoot provides enough growing spaces, guarantees sufficiently to reflect sweet potato potato shape feature；
3) Nutrition Soil: (gained after methane-generating pit ferments such as crop material, cow dung, pig manure, main component is organic matter to biogas residueWith humus etc.) it dries, pulverize, crossing 20 meshes, it is spare；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, dries, and pulverizes, and crosses 20 meshes, standbyWith；Nutrition Soil is made after biogas residue, vermiculite, garden mould, plant ash are mixed well in proportion；First water is added to mix wet, Nutrition Soil using precedingWater content is 60%, i.e., hand is pinched agglomerating, is put down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: Jiang Jiashui mixes wet Nutrition Soil and is packed into nutrient bag, and first filling 1/4 expires, and is then placed in5 grams of compound fertilizer is further continued for loading Nutrition Soil suppression and tamps, and Nutrition Soil facilitates watering from sack 1-2cm, and nutrient bag is tightClose to be placed in together, surrounding is crowded around with soil or brick, prevents personnel from walking about and the nutrient bag on side is knocked down, and play water conservationEffect；
5) seed sows pre-treatment: 98% concentrated sulfuric acid of sweet photo seed being impregnated 30 minutes, and is stirred continuously, makes to plantSon comes into full contact with the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, soAfter be transferred in 50-55 DEG C of warm water and impregnate, stirred when impregnating, be heated evenly seed, temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minutesWhen, stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continues to impregnate 5-10 minutes, take out seedIt is cleaned, is transferred in culture dish with distilled water, distilled water is added, distilled water is advisable just to submerge seed, by the lid of culture dishIt covers, is put into illumination cultivation to seed in illumination box and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, count germination percentage；
6) it sows: before sowing, first the nutrient bag for installing Nutrition Soil being drenched water, small wooden or tweezers are used among nutrient bagThe hole for making a call to a 1.5cm depth is selected the seed kind to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is entered in hole, pays attention to root downward, then in covering 1cm thickness aboveNutrition Soil, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out will be reseeded again, then cover mulch, heat and moisture preserving.
7) daily management: checking emergence daily, and selection is at dusk after neat seedling or the cloudy day takes off film, pours immediately once after taking off filmPermeable, if taken off behind film, several days sun are very strong, need lid sunshade net to carry out hardening, prevent from being exposed to the sun；It generally takes off before film notIt needs to water, 3 days early periods poured a water after taking off film, poured a water within Later growth 7 days；Qi Miaohou 3-5 days is planted by 15g/150The amount of son applies nursery fertilizer, applies disposable fertilizer every 7 days；After sowing 30-40 days, 8-10cm is grown to seedling, 6-8 piece leaf can be movedIt plants.
Embodiment 2
A kind of sweet photo seed nutritional bag seedling method, specific steps are as follows:
1) select seedbed: select it is smooth, leeward, on the sunny side, facilitate the vacant lot of management as the seedbed for putting nutrient bag；
2) nutrient bag: aperture is arranged at selection black plastic nutrient bag, nutrient bag bottom, the case where not needing transplanting crop fieldUnder, the nutrient bag of bigger specification is selected, enough growing spaces is provided for sweet potato root tuber, guarantees sufficiently to reflect sweet potato potato shapeFeature；
3) Nutrition Soil: (gained after methane-generating pit ferments such as crop material, cow dung, pig manure, main component is organic matter to biogas residueWith humus etc.) it dries, pulverize, crossing 20 meshes, it is spare；Fertile garden mould, removes impurity removing, dries, and pulverizes, and crosses 20 meshes, standbyWith；By biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is prepared, after above-mentioned material is mixed well in proportion,It is sterilized 40 minutes with 121 DEG C of high-pressure sterilizing pot, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum, weed seed etc.；Water is first added to mix wet, battalion using precedingSupporting soil water content is 60%, i.e. hand is pinched agglomerating, is put down in the state scattered；
4) fill Nutrition Soil, put nutrient bag: Jiang Jiashui mixes wet Nutrition Soil and is packed into nutrient bag, and first filling 1/4 expires, and is then placed inCompound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13) 5 grams, be further continued for being packed into Nutrition Soil suppression and tamp, Nutrition Soil from sack 1-2cm,Facilitate watering；Nutrient bag is closely placed in together, surrounding is crowded around with soil or brick, prevents personnel from walking about the nutrition on sideBag knocks down, and plays the role of water conservation；
5) seed sows pre-treatment: 98% concentrated sulfuric acid of sweet photo seed being impregnated 30 minutes, and is stirred continuously, makes to plantSon comes into full contact with the concentrated sulfuric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid, soAfter be transferred in 50-55 DEG C of warm water and impregnate, stirred when impregnating, be heated evenly seed, temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minutesWhen, stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continues to impregnate 5-10 minutes, take out seedIt is cleaned, is transferred in culture dish with distilled water, distilled water is added, distilled water is advisable just to submerge seed, by the lid of culture dishIt covers, is put into illumination cultivation 48h in 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, per a water is changed for 24 hours, culture to seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and counts germination percentage；
6) it sows: before sowing, first the nutrient bag for installing Nutrition Soil being drenched water, small wooden or tweezers are used among nutrient bagThe hole for making a call to a 1.5cm depth is selected the seed kind to have showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally and is entered in hole, pays attention to root downward, then in covering 1cm thickness aboveNutrition Soil, and be compacted, then drench a water, the seed gone out will be reseeded again, then cover mulch, heat and moisture preserving；
7) daily management: checking emergence daily, and selection is at dusk after neat seedling or the cloudy day takes off film, pours immediately once after taking off filmPermeable, if taken off behind film, several days sun are very strong, need lid sunshade net to carry out hardening, prevent from being exposed to the sun；It generally takes off before film notIt needs to water, 3 days early periods poured a water after taking off film, poured a water within Later growth 7 days；Qi Miaohou 3-5 days is planted by 15g/150The amount of son applies nursery fertilizer, and disposable fertilizer was applied every 7 days, and the nursery fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2The compound fertilizer of O=20:7:13, nitrogen are denseNursery fertilizer is dissolved into water, is poured onto nutrient bag with water in 300mg/L by degree control；After sowing 30-40 days, 8- is grown to seedling10cm, 6-8 piece leaf can be transplanted.
Experimental analysis
No. 3 progress nutritional bags of in September, 2015 and conventional seedbed system test, specific embodiment are as follows:
(1) seed pre-sowing treatment: September 3 in 2015 carries out vernalization processing before sweet photo seed is broadcast, chooses hybridization groupTrue seed 450 of No. 1510 are closed, are fitted into beaker, is impregnated 30 minutes with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, and be stirred continuously, fills seedThe tap touching concentrated sulfuric acid, it is 10 minutes especially preceding, it need to be sufficiently stirred, come into full contact with all seeds with the concentrated sulfuric acid, corrosion kind sublistThe concentrated sulfuric acid is poured out and with tap water by seed flushing 3 times or more, guarantees to remain without the concentrated sulfuric acid by the hard cuticula in face；ThenIt is transferred in 55-60 DEG C of warm water and impregnates, stirred when impregnating, be heated evenly seed, when temperature is down to 30 DEG C after 10-15 minutes,Stop stirring, seed is transferred in 25% carbendazol wettable powder, 250 times of liquid, continue to impregnate 5-10 minutes, takes out seed and useDistilled water is cleaned, and is transferred in culture dish and (is divided into 3 groups, every group 150), and distilled water is added, is advisable with just submerging seed, is coveredLid is placed in illumination cultivation in 25 DEG C of illumination boxs, changes within 12 hours a water, and seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, after 24-48 hours to sow；Germination percentage is counted with 48h in for 24 hours.
(2) nutrient bag is sowed: September 6 in 2015, and seedling medium is watered, and it is wet to mix, and is then charged into 10 × 12cm specificationIn nutrient bag, 1/4 is first filled, is put into 5 grams of compound fertilizers, Nutrition Soil suppression is refilled and tamps to sack 1-2cm, then press horizontally-arranged 5, erectIt arranges on 10 close-packed arrays to the vacant lot chosen, putting 3 rows side by side, (as 3 repetitions, every repetition 50 are each to repeat selection 50Grain germination seed), it is adjacent two rows between be spaced 30cm, facilitate finishing operations management, surrounding is crowded around with small square brick, then irrigatedWater；The pitting that a depth about 1.5cm is made a call among nutrient bag is unified in tweezers, then select germination healthy seed point be multicast to it is smallIn hole, root is paid attention to downward, then 1 seed of each nutrient bag kind covers the Nutrition Soil of about 1cm thickness above seed, compacting is pouredIt is permeable, cover film, heat and moisture preserving；Film requires one side compact with soil, other three faces are pushed down with calculon, are conveniently taken off film and are checked outGrowth of cereal crop seedlings condition.
(3) seeding in nursery bed: September 6 in 2015 carries out seedbed nursery on the same day, first builds seedbed, and seedbed size is length100cm, wide 80cm, high 15cm first plough deeply plot leveling, do not stay soil block, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields by the fertilizer application amount of nutrient bag on groundOn, the seedling medium of one layer of 5cm high is then spread on fertilizer, is sprinkled profoundly water；Seedbed is uniformly divided into 3 fritters, it first will with tweezersThe ditch of a depth about 1.5cm is marked in seedbed, and then the seed of germination is evenly arranged in ditch, then covers substrate soil, is smearedIt is flat, then a water is poured, it is every to repeat 50 grain germination seeds of selection if 3 repetitions；Arch, which is curved, with fine bamboo strip after having sowed is inserted into seedlingBed two sides, then spread film, build up Small plastic shed.
(4) it takes off film: after planting observing and count number of emerging daily, perform record；On September 11st, 2015, two kinds of nursery sidesFormula Qi Miao at dusk took the film being covered on above nutrient bag off in the same day, and pour it is primary permeable, because of the following daysIt is continuous rainy weather, therefore does not have to lid sunshade net；It encounters burning sun to be exposed to the sun weather, then to cover sunshade net, can be taken off after hardening 7 daysRemove sunshade net；Film above seedbed nursery arched shed is not taken off.
(5) apply fertilizer: September 15 in 2015 uniformly applies nursery fertilizer for the first time, and nutritional bag and seedbed nursery claim respectively15g compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=20:7:13 it) is dissolved into 1000ml water, nitrogen concentration is controlled in 300mg/L, is uniformly poured ontoOn seedling, it is spaced 7 days unified Shi Yici fertilizer according to the above method.
(6) manage: view soil moisture situation watering, nutritional bag mode pour a water in fair weather about 3 days, the cloudy day7 days can be extended to and pour a water；Seedbed seedling raising manners can not have to watering substantially, can guarantee with the water that fertilising is poured every timeSeedbed is wet, grows into after 20 days, and the morning and the film that suitably open seedbed arched shed both ends afternoon carry out hardening, restraining the growth of seedlings.
(7) sampling statistics: after planting 30 days, i.e. on October 6th, 2015, every 10 plants of repetition sampling of every processing, measurement root long,Plant height, radical, the leaf length of maximum leaf and leaf width, root fresh weight, cauline leaf fresh weight, root dry weight, cauline leaf dry weight simultaneously calculate root/shoot ratio=rootFresh weight/cauline leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight ratio=root fresh weight/whole strain fresh weight × 100 and seedling vigorous index=(stem thickness/plant height) × complete stool are dryWeight.
(8) interpretation of result
Through counting, the specific germination percentage statistical conditions of the sweet photo seed of dense sulfuric acid treatment are shown in Table 1.
The germination percentage of 1 dense sulfuric acid treatment sweet photo seed of table
As seen from Table 1, the sweet photo seed germination percentage with higher of dense sulfuric acid treatment, average germination percentage reach92.55%, if not being executed in strict accordance with Seeds preprocess step operation, germination percentage is up to 100% the problem of seed itself.
Different seedling raising manners sweet photo seeding ratio situations are shown in Table 2.
The different seedling raising manners sweet photo seeding ratios of table 2
As shown in Table 2, although nutritional bag mode speed of emergence does not have seedbed seedling raising manners fast, the neat seedling time is 5 days,1 day more late than seedbed nursery, but nutritional bag emergence rate is higher than seedbed nursery, reaches 99.33%, only 1 seed does not go outSeedling.
The biological character statistics of different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings is shown in Table 3.
The biological character of the different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings of table 3
Note: " ± " number subsequent number is standard deviation, and lowercase indicates 5% horizontal significant difference, capital letter matrixShow 1% horizontal extremely significant difference.
As shown in Table 3, for nutrient bag because being grown under natural environmental condition, the high temperature created without seedbed seedling raising manners is highWet bar part, therefore grow slower, but stem thickness difference is unobvious, and especially its internode meets strong sprout standard away from very short, and seedbed nurseryBecause of hot and humid environment, growth is too fast, easily causes lodging, root long, radical and the maximum leaf length and width of nutritional bag modeHigher than seedbed seedling raising manners 114.83%, 44.68% and 52.85%, difference reach significantly product respectively, illustrate that nutrient bag is educatedSeedling mode well developed root system, stalk is sturdy, leaf area is big, more meets strong sprout requirement.
The biomass statistics situation of different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings is shown in Table 4.
The biomass of the different seedling raising manners sweet potato seedlings of table 4
Note: " ± " number subsequent number is standard deviation, and lowercase indicates 5% horizontal significant difference, capital letter matrixShow 1% horizontal extremely significant difference.
As shown in Table 4, two kinds of seedling raising manners cauline leaf fresh weights and whole strain fresh weight difference are unobvious, and the root of nutrient bag seedling is freshWeight, root fresh weight ratio and whole strain dry matter content are respectively than seedbed height of seedling 254.57%, 269.88% and 29.57%, difference differenceReach significant, extremely significant and extremely significant, illustrate nutrient bag seedling not only the characteristics of showing well developed root system on biological character,Advantage is showed on biomass to become apparent from.
Root/shoot ratio reflects the correlation of plant shoot and underground part, and in crops seedling stage, big root/shoot ratio is conducive to rootSystem absorbs nutrient, creates good nutrient growth condition, seedling vigorous index more can objectively react seedling upgrowth situation andQuality, under normal circumstances, value are bigger, and seedling quality is better.As shown in figure 5, the root/shoot ratio and seedling vigorous index of nutrient bag seedling pointNot Wei 0.14 and 0.0118, bigger than seedbed nursery by 71.43% and 70.34% respectively, difference reaches extremely significant level, sufficiently saysBright nutrient bag seedling well developed root system, internode are sturdy, seedling quality is significantly better than seedbed seedling.
Real shooting photo when Fig. 1-4 is seedling growth test, as shown in Figure 1, the seedling that nutritional bag mode is cultivated is rawLong neat and consistent, internode be short and sturdy, without disease pest and weed；As shown in Fig. 2, weeds are more on the seedbed of seedbed method for culturing seedlings, it is realRaw seedling growth is irregular, and buckling phenomenon occurs in base portion, and leaf, which has to be gnawed by pest, bites phenomenon；As shown in figure 3, the left side is educated for nutrient bagWhen the practical transplanting of seedling, band Nutrition Soil is transplanted, and when transplanting can directly pour out seedling and Nutrition Soil, or nutrient bag is torn, inBetween for from nutrient bag take out after seedling band soil situation, the right be seedbed nursery from seedbed take out after seedling band soil situation,The two it was found that, seedling raising manners educated seedling root in seedbed is short and lacks, substantially without soil, and the educated reality of nutritional bag modeRaw seedling root system is long and intensive, and than more developed, band soil is more；As shown in figure 4, nutritional bag mode cultivates seedling internode tubbinessStalwartness, blade is intensive and larger, and root system is long and intensive and more developed, and seedling raising manners cultivation seedling internode in seedbed is longer, stem footThere is bending in portion, and blade is sparse and smaller, and root system is short and sparse.
There is one layer of hard cuticula outside Sweet potato seeds kind skin, can seldom germinate under normal circumstances.Traditional nutrient bag is educatedSeedling combination seedbed nursery carries out (such as tobacco), first sows seed on wet seedbed and germinates, long to 2-3cm to seedling,It is transplanted in nutrient bag, and also to establish arched shed above nutrient bag and guarantee humidity and temperature, just can guarantee full stand, seedling in this wayIt strengthens, grow unanimously, but process is more, takes a lot of work, time-consuming.And the present invention first uses 98% concentrated sulfuric acid to impregnate sweet photo seed 30Minute, corrode the hard cuticula of the surface of the seed, then through warm water and chemicals treatment, sweet potato reality is broken in further sufficiently water suctionRaw seed dormancy, after its germination, the chitting piece bunch plating for selecting health enters in nutrient bag, and covers film, until it is emerged,Then covering shading net carries out hardening after selecting suitable weather to take off film or taking off film, it is ensured that and true seed 100% is emerged, atSeedling.
Sweet potato generally uses cutting propagation in Production of Large Fields, and whether seedbed nursery or floating seedlings are without footEnough spaces guarantee sweet potato seedling grow to meet cutting seedlings requirement 20cm or more it is long, and nutritional bag then can satisfy it is sweetThe different cutting seedlings requirement of potato can both be transplanted to its length to 20cm with regard to cutting seedlings, can also once cut multistage to its length to longerSeedling, the part left after cutting seedlings can also continue to numerous seedling.This characteristic of nutritional bag is for can be with the sweet potato of cutting propagationBreeding of new variety has very big advantage, and the more plants of breedings of one plant of seedling, more place screenings, more seasons whereby may be implementedScreening is remarkably improved breeding efficiency, shortens breeding process.
The present invention, which uses, presses biogas residue: vermiculite: garden mould: the Nutrition Soil that plant ash=6:2:20:1 weight ratio is prepared, sufficientlyIt after mixing, is sterilized 40 minutes with 121 DEG C of high-pressure sterilizing pot, sufficiently killing germ, worm's ovum, weed seed etc., it can be to greatest extentThe generation of disease pest and weed is avoided, this Nutrition Soil well-formed, physicochemical property are good, full of nutrition, are rich in potash fertilizer, are very suitable to sweet potatoThe growth of seedling, and a new way is provided for the utilization of a large amount of biogas residues in rural area.
The present invention uses proportion for N:P2O5:K2Nursery fertilizer makees in the high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer of O=20:7:13, both ensure that seedlingDemand of the phase fast-growth to N fertilizer, high potassium content can increase the resistance of seedling, lodging resistance, combine phosphate fertilizerDemand.Moreover, the ratio of nursery fertilizer 15g/L in proportion is first dissolved into water by the present invention, it is poured onto nutrient bag after mixing evenlyIn, it can guarantee that sweet potato seedling growth is neat, consistent.
The present invention is educated, and sweet potato seedling can directly be transplanted to crop field as other crops, do not fall soil, do not hurt root,Acquired environment is adaptable, can guarantee higher survival rate；Cutting seedlings breeding can also be carried out, does not need to carry out secondary trainingIt educates, saves seedling raise period；It can also be cultivated directly in nutrient bag to knot potato, harvest evaluation saves the program of field-transplanting, moreSaving of labor, time saving, convenient, economy.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above and attached drawing are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it,Although the present invention has been described in detail by above preferred embodiment, however, those skilled in the art should understand that,Various changes can be made to it in the form and details, without departing from model defined by claims of the present inventionIt encloses.