技术领域technical field
本发明属于水声发射器电声参数测量领域，具体涉及一种非自由场环境下，水声发射器发送响应时间反转聚焦测量方法。The invention belongs to the field of electroacoustic parameter measurement of underwater acoustic transmitters, and in particular relates to a measurement method for transmitting response time inversion focusing of underwater acoustic transmitters in a non-free field environment.
背景技术Background technique
水声发射器是把电能转换成声能的器件，是实现水下目标探测、成像、通信等各种工程应用和学术研究的最基础和最重要的组成部分，在水声工程中起着关键的作用。随着海洋开发的深入，对水声发射器的工作性能提出了越来越高的要求，如传播距离更远、工作深度更深等，为了确保水声发射器的工作性能以及量值传递的需要,必须对其电声参数进行校准。目前，大多数用于换发射器性能评估的校准方法在自由场远场条件下进行。The underwater acoustic transmitter is a device that converts electrical energy into acoustic energy. It is the most basic and important part of various engineering applications and academic research such as underwater target detection, imaging, and communication. It plays a key role in underwater acoustic engineering. role. With the deepening of ocean development, higher and higher requirements are put forward for the performance of underwater acoustic transmitters, such as longer propagation distances and deeper working depths. In order to ensure the performance of underwater acoustic transmitters and the need for value transmission , its electroacoustic parameters must be calibrated. Currently, most calibration methods for evaluating the performance of transponders are performed in free-field far-field conditions.
然而，低频情情况下受消声水池吸声性能下降影响，使测量时水听器记录的混响增强；而对于深水发射器，具备高压测试条件的压力罐通常难以进行消声，或消声不完全，致使测量中同样存在混响多径干扰的问题。因此，在低频或高压条件下，均不具备自由场远场测量条件，现有的水声发射器电声参数方法无法适用。However, in the case of low frequencies, the sound absorption performance of the anechoic pool is reduced, which increases the reverberation recorded by the hydrophone during the measurement; and for deep water transmitters, it is usually difficult for the pressure tank with high-pressure test conditions to be anechoic, or the anechoic Incomplete, resulting in the same problem of reverberation and multipath interference in the measurement. Therefore, under low-frequency or high-voltage conditions, the free-field and far-field measurement conditions are not available, and the existing electroacoustic parameter methods of underwater acoustic transmitters cannot be applied.
发明内容Contents of the invention
发送响应是表征水声发射器性能的重要指标，本发明要解决现有技术测量发送响应时面临的上述缺点，提供一种水声发射器发送响应时间反转聚焦测量方法。The transmission response is an important index to characterize the performance of the underwater acoustic transmitter. The present invention solves the above-mentioned shortcomings in the measurement of the transmission response in the prior art, and provides a method for measuring the transmission response time inversion focusing of the underwater acoustic transmitter.
时间反转(时反)原理根据波动方程解的时反不变性及收发互易性，通过把某一声源的接收信号在同一信道时反后发射，可实现该发射信号在接收位置处的空间和时间聚焦，即空间上多径声波聚焦于接收水听器处，时间上这些到达的多径声波将同相位叠加(时域聚焦)，聚焦后的信号为原发射信号的时间反转形式。由于在一个时不变的声场中，波动方程解的时反不变性和收发互易性成立，因此时反聚焦是一个时不变声场的固有特性。本发明的目的是利用时反的空时聚焦特性使测量接收信号压缩成原发射信号的时反形式，从而抑制非自由场环境下混响对测量的影响，使测量方法可应用于评估低频或深水发射器的发送响应测量。考虑到本测量方法为非自由场测量，其测量结果与传统的自由场测量方法不同，若测量结果与传统的测量方法所得的结果进行横向比较，则需对本方法的测量结果进行修正，本发明提出了修正方法。Time reversal (time inversion) principle According to the time inversion invariance of the wave equation solution and the reciprocity of sending and receiving, by time inverting the received signal of a certain sound source in the same channel and then transmitting it, the space of the transmitted signal at the receiving position can be realized. And time focusing, that is, the multipath sound waves in space are focused on the receiving hydrophone, and the multipath sound waves arriving in time will be superimposed in the same phase (time domain focusing), and the focused signal is the time-reversed form of the original transmitted signal. Since in a time-invariant sound field, the time-inversion invariance of the solution of the wave equation and the reciprocity of sending and receiving hold, the time-anti-focusing is an inherent characteristic of a time-invariant sound field. The purpose of the present invention is to use the space-time focusing characteristics of time inversion to compress the measured received signal into the time inverse form of the original transmitted signal, thereby suppressing the influence of reverberation on the measurement in a non-free field environment, so that the measurement method can be applied to evaluate low-frequency or Transmit response measurements of deep water transmitters. Considering that this measurement method is a non-free field measurement, its measurement result is different from the traditional free field measurement method, if the measurement result is compared horizontally with the result obtained by the traditional measurement method, the measurement result of this method needs to be corrected, the present invention A correction method is proposed.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种水声发射器发送响应时间反转聚焦测量方法，所述发送响应测量方法包括以下步骤：An underwater acoustic transmitter transmits a response time inversion focusing measurement method, the transmission response measurement method comprising the following steps:
1)采集探查信号：首先，根据所需测量的频率范围，由信号发生器生成所需发射的信号(如窄带脉冲余弦信号)，经D/A变换及功率放大后激励发射器，发射器发射声波，位于其声轴方向远场中的标准水听器接收声波，并经数字信号采集系统采集存储于控制计算机。1) Acquisition of detection signals: First, according to the frequency range to be measured, the signal generator generates the signal to be transmitted (such as a narrowband pulse cosine signal), and after D/A conversion and power amplification, the transmitter is excited, and the transmitter emits The sound wave is received by the standard hydrophone located in the far field in the direction of the sound axis, and is collected and stored in the control computer through the digital signal acquisition system.
2)生成时反发射信号：利用计算机对接收信号进行幅度归一化及时间反转，生成时反发射信号。2) Anti-transmit signal when generating: use computer to normalize the amplitude and reverse the time of the received signal, and anti-emit signal when generating.
3)测量电流及电压信号：保持步骤1)中的发射器和标准水听器位置不变，利用控制计算机再次发射由2)产生的时反发射信号，经D/A变换及功率放大后激励发射器，发射器再次发射声波，标准水听器再次接收声波，测得水听器开路电压有效值，同时通过电流电压取样器测量通过被测发射器的有效电流以及施加在被测发射器两端的有效电压。3) Measure the current and voltage signals: keep the position of the transmitter and the standard hydrophone in step 1) unchanged, and use the control computer to re-transmit the time-reverse emission signal generated by 2), and stimulate it after D/A conversion and power amplification Transmitter, the transmitter emits sound waves again, the standard hydrophone receives sound waves again, and measures the effective value of the open circuit voltage of the hydrophone. effective voltage at the terminal.
4)计算发送响应：利用步骤3)测量得到的数据，计算发射器发送电流响应以及发送电压响应。4) Calculating the sending response: using the measured data obtained in step 3), calculate the sending current response and the sending voltage response of the transmitter.
5)修正发送响应：为使本发明所测的发送响应值与传统的自由场方法测量结果一致，重复步骤3)和4)，利用标准发射器数据通过比较法修正步骤4)得到的发送响应测量值。5) Correction of sending response: in order to make the measured sending response value of the present invention consistent with the measurement result of the traditional free field method, repeat steps 3) and 4), utilize the standard transmitter data to correct the sending response obtained in step 4) by comparison method Measurements.
本发明的技术构思为：利用发射器发射探查信号，水听器接收经水声信道传播的信号，获取发射器到水听器位置处的信道响应，并通过时间反转和幅度归一化，生成时反发射信号；然后发射器再次发射所生成的时反发射信号，则根据声传播的时反互易性原理，该发射信号可在水听器位置处实现空时聚焦，从而降低测量环境边界导致的混响对水听器测量信号的影响，最后通过标准发射器修正非自由场发送响应测量值。The technical idea of the present invention is: use the transmitter to transmit the detection signal, the hydrophone receives the signal propagated through the underwater acoustic channel, obtain the channel response from the transmitter to the position of the hydrophone, and through time inversion and amplitude normalization, Generate a time-reverse emission signal; then the transmitter re-transmits the generated time-reversal emission signal, then according to the time-reversal reciprocity principle of sound propagation, the emission signal can achieve space-time focusing at the position of the hydrophone, thereby reducing the measurement environment The influence of the reverberation caused by the boundary on the hydrophone measurement signal, and finally the non-free field transmission response measurement value is corrected by the standard transmitter.
与现有的发射器自由场发送响应测量方法相比，本发明的技术优势主要表现在：基于时反聚焦的测量技术可抑制混响，降低混响对测量信号的干扰，可解决有限空间强混响背景下发射器发送响应测量的难点问题。Compared with the existing transmitter free-field transmission response measurement method, the technical advantages of the present invention are mainly manifested in: the measurement technology based on time anti-focus can suppress the reverberation, reduce the interference of the reverberation to the measurement signal, and can solve the problem of limited space strong Difficult problem in measurement of transmitter transmit response in reverberant background.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的各测量仪器连接及时反空时聚焦示意图，其中S1、S2和S3表示声线的水底反射、直达及水面反射路径，d表示标准水听器与发射器声中心的距离。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the measuring instruments of the present invention and the focusing of the anti-space, wherein S1 , S2 and S3 represent the underwater reflection, direct and water surface reflection paths of the sound rays, and d represents the acoustic center of the standard hydrophone and the transmitter distance.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参照图1，一种水声发射器发送响应时间反转聚焦测量方法，用于水下声学发射器发送响应的测试。整套测量方法的实施方式如下：Referring to FIG. 1 , an underwater acoustic transmitter transmission response time inversion focusing measurement method is used for testing the transmission response of an underwater acoustic transmitter. The implementation of the whole set of measurement methods is as follows:
1)采集探查信号1) Acquisition of detection signals
首先，根据所需测量的频率范围，由测量系统生成所需发射的信号，如宽带线性调频信号或窄带的脉冲余弦信号。然后，将标准水听器置于发射器声轴距离d(单位m，以发射器声中心为距离起始点，满足远场条件)处，如图1所示，信号经计算机系统控制并经D/A变换及功率放大器由发射器发射探查信号，水听器记录经测试环境传播的发射信号。First, according to the frequency range to be measured, the signal to be emitted is generated by the measurement system, such as a broadband chirp signal or a narrowband pulsed cosine signal. Then, place the standard hydrophone at the acoustic axis distance d of the transmitter (in m, starting from the acoustic center of the transmitter, satisfying the far-field condition), as shown in Figure 1, the signal is controlled by the computer system and passed through D /A conversion and power amplifier are sent by the transmitter to detect the signal, and the hydrophone records the transmitted signal transmitted through the test environment.
2)生成时反发射信号2) Reverse emission signal when generating
接收信号经滤波、前置放大以及A/D变换，存储于计算机系统；利用计算机对数字接收信号进行截取，并进行幅度归一化及时间反转，生成时反发射信号。The received signal is filtered, pre-amplified and A/D converted, and stored in the computer system; the digital received signal is intercepted by the computer, and the amplitude is normalized and time reversed, and the transmitted signal is generated back.
3)测量电流及电压信号3) Measure current and voltage signals
如图1所示，保持步骤1)中的发射器和标准水听器位置不变，利用控制计算机再次发射由2)产生的时反发射信号，经D/A变换及功率放大后激励发射器，发射器再次发射声波，则根据时反原理，发射信号在水听器处产生空时聚焦，该聚焦信号为原发射信号的时间反转形式，此时标准水听器再次接收声波，并经数字信号采集系统采集存储于控制计算机，计算水听器开路电压有效值UOC(单位V)，同时通过电流电压取样器，测量通过发射器的有效电流IX(单位A)以及施加在被测发射器两端的有效电压UX(单位V)。As shown in Figure 1, keep the position of the transmitter and the standard hydrophone in step 1) unchanged, use the control computer to transmit the time-reverse transmission signal generated by 2) again, and excite the transmitter after D/A conversion and power amplification , the transmitter emits the sound wave again, then according to the time inversion principle, the emission signal generates space-time focusing at the hydrophone, and the focusing signal is the time-reversed form of the original emission signal. At this time, the standard hydrophone receives the sound wave again and passes through The digital signal acquisition system collects and stores in the control computer, calculates the effective value UOC (unit V) of the open circuit voltage of the hydrophone, and simultaneously passes the current and voltage sampler to measure the effective current I X (unit A) passing through the transmitter and the effective current IX (unit A) applied to the measured Effective voltage UX across the transmitter in V.
4)计算发送响应4) Calculate and send the response
利用步骤3)测量得到的数据，计算发射器发送电流响应为Utilize the data obtained in step 3) to measure and calculate the transmitter sending current response as
以及发送电压响应为and the sending voltage response is
式中M为测量水听器的灵敏度(单位V/Pa)。Where M is the sensitivity of the measuring hydrophone (in V/Pa).
5)修正发送响应5) Fix send response
由于界面反射的存在，若要使上述发送响应测量结果与自由场情况相一致，则需对测量结果进行修正。将待测发射器换成标准发射器，重复步骤3)和4)，计算得到利用时反聚焦方法测量得到的标准发射器电流响应以及电压响应则修正后的待测发射器电流响应为Due to the existence of interface reflection, if the measurement results of the above-mentioned transmission response are to be consistent with those of the free field, the measurement results need to be corrected. Replace the emitter to be tested with a standard emitter, repeat steps 3) and 4), and calculate the current response of the standard emitter measured by the time defocusing method and voltage response Then the corrected current response of the transmitter under test is
式中SSI为标准发射器自由场电流响应；修正后的待测发射器电压响应为where SSI is the free-field current response of the standard transmitter; the corrected voltage response of the transmitter to be tested is
式中SSV为标准发射器自由场电压响应。whereSSV is the free-field voltage response of the standard transmitter.
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