A kind of rice pretreatment unit and methodTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rice pretreatment unit and method, it is specially with having reduction arsenic, the rice pretreatment unit of cadmium content function and method, the present invention, by controlling the process of rice washing, the most additionally adds any chemical substance, reduces the content of trace arsenic in rice kernels, cadmium.
Background technology
Along with the development of economic and technical, mankind's nature remodeling and utilize natural amplitude increasingly stronger, also get more and more to each pollutant naturally discharged.As the chemical fertilizer during the discharge of Industrial " three Waste ", city domestic sewage, farming and the unreasonable use of pesticide etc. can make agricultural land soil environment go from bad to worse, enter the arsenic of agricultural land soil, cadmium through dissolving, precipitate, condense, complexation, the various reactions such as absorption, show different activity and bio-toxicity and be directly entered food chain by absorption and the accumulation of the crop such as Oryza glutinosa, vegetable, threatening the health and lives safety of the mankind.
Arsenic, cadmium can cause human cancer, and are classified as the mankind I class carcinogen by international cancer research institution (IARC).
At certain Rice Cropping Demonstration Base, experiment field area is 50 mu, by local peasant household under the guidance of professional and technical personnel, 50 kinds of different Oryza sativa L. seed rice are carried out seedling, rice transplanting, apply fertilizer, the field farming such as irrigation, Experimental Base irrigation water quality detected value meets agricultural irrigation water quality standard；Paddy soil heavy metal background values lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, copper content in, only cadmium content is beyond edible rapid test paper environmental quality assessment standard, and result shows that 50 kinds of rice cadmiums, lead contents are all beyond rice pollution thing limit standard[1]。
South China of China japonica rice cadmium and lead contamination are investigated in (2006) year by Cheng Fangmin etc., the japonica rice of 269 sampled points is investigated by they, the japonica rice of 12 kinds of 3 Different ecosystems is carried out field planting test, found that, cadmium content in polished rice is between 0.01-0.34mg/kg, arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is 0.081mg/kg, and lead content is between 0.01-1.136mg/kg, and arithmetic mean of instantaneous value is 0.1135mg/kg.To China market sale rice lead, Mercury Pollution between the 2005-2008 such as Qian Yongzhong, find rice lead, hydrargyrum average content: cadmium is 0.05mg/kg, lead is 0.062mg/kg, hydrargyrum is 0.0058mg/kg, arsenic is 0.119mg/kg.
GB2762-2012 national food safety standard--specifying in pollutants in food limitation, the arsenic limitation in rice is for less than 0.2mg/kg, and the limitation of the cadmium in rice is less than 0.2mg/kg.In daily rice, cannot stop the heavy metal such as arsenic, cadmium, national regulation is exactly qualified less than this limit standard.But owing to arsenic, cadmium cannot effectively be discharged in human body, it may occur that enrichment.That is, although Limited Doses is the lowest, but in life every day will take in rice, in human body, arsenic, cadmium content also will be the most, and health is existed the biggest hidden danger.Therefore, find suitable mode and reduce trace arsenic in rice kernels, cadmium content, the health of people is particularly important.
At present, studying more is how to reduce the arsenic of farmland irrigation water, cadmium content, how to repair contaminated farmland, reduce arsenic, the crop utilization activity of cadmium, cultivate low arsenic, cadmium enrichment grain variety etc. and control corn heavy metal pollution, but the most not yet large-scale promotion application.
There are some researchs by with adding chemicals or the water of enzyme, reducing the arsenic in rice and corn, cadmium content by methods such as washings, such as CN201310502447.4, a kind of method cutting down corn heavy metal；CN201310676269.7 mono-kind reduces the method etc. of rice and goods content of beary metal thereof.But for removing or reducing arsenic, cadmium content, adding chemicals or enzyme, safety there is no reliable assessment, and character on rice creates certain impact according to the method, is unfavorable for selling.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing trace arsenic in rice kernels, cadmium to remove or reduce the operation complexity of method, add chemical agent and rice outward appearance is produced the deficiencies such as impact, the invention provides that can realize under a kind of domestic conditions, quick, effectively and without any additional chemical composition, reduce trace arsenic in rice kernels, the rice pretreatment unit of cadmium content and method.Specifically, trace arsenic in rice kernels, the existence of cadmium can be divided into Organic substance and inorganic matter two class.During supersound washing, in rice, the arsenic of mineralized, cadmium and part can gradually be oozed out containing arsenic, the Organic substance of cadmium, thus reduce the effect of trace arsenic in rice kernels, cadmium content.Introduce ultrasonic generator, the ultrasound wave produced by ultrasonic generator during soaking, utilize the physical effects such as the ultrasound wave cavitation when water transmission, acoustic streaming, rice and water that acutely effect occurs, produce clean result.
Described rice pretreatment unit is provided with water inlet pipe 1, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, ultrasonic generator 5, drain pipe 6, control panel 7, CPU 8, ultrasonic generator 9, connects pipeline 10, container 11 with electric cooker, by user's autonomous setting operation requirement, the supersound washing function of rice can be completed automatically, reduced the effect of trace arsenic in rice kernels, cadmium content by these steps.
Wherein, described water inlet pipe 1 provides clear water for device；
Described valve 2 controls connection and the closedown of water inlet pipe 1；
Described valve 3 controls same electric cooker and connects connection and the closedown of pipeline 10；
Described valve 4 controls connection and the closedown of drain pipe 6；
Described CPU 8 completes to control whole cooker and runs and store pre-programmed function；
Described control panel 7 provides Man Machine Interface, user to be free to select required function, as set the supersound washing time, adding the water yield, ultrasonic power etc.；
The ultrasound wave that described ultrasonic generator 5, ultrasonic generator 9 need during being used for producing supersound washing.
Preferably, described ultrasonic generator 5 selects high-temperature resistant piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer.
Described rice preprocess method is by supersound washing, by the arsenic of mineralized, cadmium and part in rice containing arsenic, the Organic substance gradually dissolution of cadmium, thus reduces the effect of trace arsenic in rice kernels, cadmium content.
Specifically, described supersound washing process concrete operation method is to add a certain amount of rice in container 11, and set supersound washing parameter at control panel 7, such as parameters such as time, the water yield, power, in container 11, adds a certain amount of water；Make ultrasonic generator 5, ultrasonic generator 9 start working, start supersound washing；After reaching the predetermined supersound washing time, water in container 11 is discharged, completes preprocessing process.
Preferably, for strengthening arsenic, the removal effect of cadmium, the volume ratio adding rice and water can be 1:6 to 1:10 because the water yield is the biggest, arsenic in rice and water, cadmium concentration difference the biggest, the dissolution of arsenic, cadmium can be promoted；
Preferably, water can select 1-30 minute in the described supersound washing time；
Preferably, after carrying out a supersound washing, this step can be repeated, strengthen arsenic, the removal effect of cadmium；
Preferably, after carrying out a supersound washing, rice can be rinsed with water, strengthen arsenic, the removal effect of cadmium；
Beneficial effects of the present invention is, the rice that the pretreatment unit of employing above-mentioned steps and method obtain, and the content of arsenic can remove 47%-82%, and the content of cadmium can remove 45%-74%.All operations step is without any chemicals.
Described trace arsenic in rice kernels, cadmium content according to GB5009.11-2014 national food safety standard---total Arsenic in Food and the assay method of inorganic arsenic, the assay method of GB5009.15-2014 national food safety standard---cadmium in foods is measured.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 rice of the present invention pretreatment process figure
The schematic diagram of Fig. 2 rice of the present invention pretreatment unit
Detailed description of the invention
Highly preferred embodiment of the present invention is described below referring to the drawings.
Rice pretreatment unit in the present invention includes water inlet pipe 1, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, ultrasonic generator 5, drain pipe 6, control panel 7, CPU 8, ultrasonic generator 9, connects pipeline 10, container 11 with electric cooker.
Described water inlet pipe 1, drain pipe 6, connect pipeline 10 with electric cooker and be connected with container 11 respectively；
It is internal that described valve 3, valve 4 are positioned at container 11, valve 3 is the switch of automatically controlled opening and closing, it is used for controlling connection and the Guan Bi of the pipeline of rice entrance electric cooker, valve 4 is the switch of automatically controlled opening and closing, connection and Guan Bi for drain pipe 6, especially, valve 4 need to install drainage screen at container 11 side entrance, prevents in container 11 rice to discharge along with water；
Described valve 2 is arranged on water inlet pipe 1, is used for controlling connection and the disconnection of water inlet pipe 1, provides water source for container 11；
Described ultrasonic generator 5, ultrasonic generator 9 are closely bonded at the outside vessel wall of container 11 by ultrasonic transducer glue special；
Described control panel 7 is connected with central control unit；
Described water inlet pipe 1, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, ultrasonic generator 5, drain pipe 6, control panel 7, ultrasonic generator 9, connect pipeline 10, container 11 with electric cooker and be connected with CPU 8 respectively；
Concrete work process is:
In container 11, add a certain amount of rice, and set supersound washing parameter at control panel 7, such as time, the water yield, power etc..
Starting supersound washing step, valve 2 is opened, and clear water joins container 11 from water inlet pipe 1, and after reaching predetermined amount of water, valve 2 is closed；Make ultrasonic generator 5, ultrasonic generator 9 start working, start supersound washing；After reaching the predetermined supersound washing time, ultrasonic generator 5, ultrasonic generator 9 quit work；Valve 4 is opened, and the water in container 11 is discharged by drain pipe 6, and after 10 seconds, valve 4 is closed；Valve 3 is opened, and valve 2 is opened, and water inlet pipe 1 is passed through a small amount of water in container 11, rice grain pattern is crossed same electric cooker connection pipeline 10 and pours in electric cooker, and valve 2, valve 3 are closed, and complete preprocessing process.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1:
Specific embodiments and step
Rice pretreatment unit in the present invention includes water inlet pipe 1, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, ultrasonic generator 5, drain pipe 6, control panel 7, CPU 8, ultrasonic generator 9, connects pipeline 10, container 11 with electric cooker.
Described water inlet pipe 1, drain pipe 6, connect pipeline 10 with electric cooker, use high temperature resistant PE manage, connected with container 11 respectively；
It is internal that described valve 3, valve 4 are positioned at container 11, use electromagnetic valve, wherein valve 3 uses the high temperature resistant electromagnetic valve of the public footpath 40mm of common name, valve 4 uses the electromagnetic valve of the public footpath 20mm of common name, at container 11 side entrance, 304 stainless steel filter screen are installed at valve 4, prevent in container 11 rice to discharge along with water；
Described valve 2 is arranged on water inlet pipe 1, for electromagnetic valve；
Described ultrasonic generator 5, ultrasonic generator 9, used piezoelectric ceramic type cleaning ultrasonic transducer, be closely bonded at the outside vessel wall of container 11 by ultrasonic transducer glue special；
Described control panel 7 is connected with CPU 8；
Described CPU 8 uses single-chip microcomputer to complete function；
Described water inlet pipe 1, valve 2, valve 3, valve 4, ultrasonic generator 5, drain pipe 6, control panel 7, ultrasonic generator 9, connect pipeline 10, container 11 with electric cooker and be connected with CPU 8 respectively；
Background technology and list of references
[1] Xie Wen beautiful .50 kind rice lead, hydrargyrum enrichment present studies [D]. Xiang Ya HSPH of Central South University .2014.