Industrial hemp seed adding generation methodTechnical field
The invention belongs to technical field of plant propagation, relate to a kind of industrial hemp seed adding generation method.
Background technology
Hemp is the traditional crop that China is ancient and important, stem hide fiber length and tough and tensile, in order to knit burlap or to spin,Rope making rope, braiding fishing net and papermaking；Seed extracts oil, and oil content 30% is available for cooking edible oil, coating etc..AfterGradually to be replaced by other high yield cereal crops and fibre crops, cultivated area greatly reduces.But along with modern sectionThe development of skill, the purposes of industrial hemp is more extensive, leaf, skin, bone medicine, weaving, food, chemical industry,The aspects such as building materials embody superior performance, and particularly Yunnan Agriculatural Academy selects series low toxicity industry greatlyFiber crops kind, makes this ancient traditional crop shine the life made new advances.In the Yunnan of China, Shandong, Anhui,Gansu, Heilungkiang, the Inner Mongol etc. save all has plantation and in development trend.For Speedup of reproduction and breeding kind process, according to workSparetime university fiber crops are short day crops, and lighting delay number or daylight time, industrial hemp was from nourishing and growing less than 12 hoursIt is changed into reproductive growth, reduction in the life period.Winter climate feature gentle, that lighting delay number is not enough in south is utilized to enterRow adding generation, shortens breeding cycle, industrial hemp is bred kind significant.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists, it is provided that a kind of hemp quickly adds Dai FanThe method grown.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of industrial hemp seed adding generation method, including following stepRapid:
Step 1:
Plot selects: select fertile soil, the soil is porous, the convenient plot of irrigation and drainage, requires two plough two rakes wholelyThe degree of depth is at more than 20cm, and soil block to harrow carefully, it is broken to harrow, and accomplishes that moisture in the soil face is smooth, and upturned soil is in small, broken bits, to ensure sowingThe degree of depth is moderate, improves emergence rate；
Step 2:
Opening railway carriage or compartment plantation: opening railway carriage or compartment according to planting requirement 1.8 meters, railway carriage or compartment is wide 1.5 meters, between railway carriage or compartment, passageway of holding concurrently, gutter is wide by 0.3Rice；
Step 3:
Use sufficient base fertilizer: every mu with 15:15:15 NPK 20 kilograms, general calcium 30 kilograms, fertilizer 200Kilogram, spread fertilizer over the fields in seed furrow/pool after mixing thoroughly, can sow；
Step 4:
Begin sowing in good time: sow in the 10-11 month, every mu of application rate 0.6 kilogram (i.e. 2.4 ten thousand seeds), plantationLine-spacing 45-50 centimetre, spacing in the rows 18-20 centimetre, the most suitably pour water, in order to improve emergence rate and regularity；Emerge number between 1.2-1.44 ten thousand strain, emerge two leaves wholeheartedly time, gently water a rich water, final singling 6500-7500Plant/acre, heavy dressing is topdressed 15,000 grams/acre of urea, strengthens plant growing way, and the flower bud phase executes each 10 kilograms of urea, potash fertilizer/ mu, promotes solid full；
Step 5:
Intertillage management: thinning for the first time, when height of seedling 20-30cm or seedling grow 3-4 to true leaf, in conjunction with weedingCarry out thinning, topdress, according to different densities requirement, except sick seedling, weak seedling and seedling, stay by the every pool/spacing in the rows3-4 strain in strong sprout；Final singling for the second time, when height of seedling 30-40cm or seedling grow 6-7 to true leaf, in conjunction with cultivation and banking,Fertilising carries out final singling, removes weak seedling, seedling and diseased plant；
Step 6:
Before middle weeding: in seedling stage, i.e. seedling grow 8 pairs of true leaves, in the place that crop smothering is serious, implement artificialWeeding or chemical weed control, Application of Herbicides is strong, should be prudent, first lab scale, re-uses；2-3 is had in weedsYe Shi, uses herbicide spray；
Step 7:
Cultivation and banking: during height of seedling 50-70cm, topdresses in conjunction with final singling, for the second time heavy dressing, carry in good time ditch earth up inRoot carries out stopping up root, to improve effect of topdressing, improves soil permeability, promotes well developed root system, prevents lodging；Meanwhile, remove weeds in field, cleaning surrounding gutter and discharge outlet, be beneficial to the prevention against water-logging that drains flooded fields；
Step 8:
Results in good time: mid-March next year can gather in the crops, after female plant is pollinated, the flower in the middle part of the female inflorescence of 60%When leaf is pitchy, fiber crops fringe is cleaned with a pointed instrument one by one and dries, fiber crops seed dry to moisture be less than 8%.
A kind of industrial hemp seed adding generation method is characterised by, in step 6, the consumption of herbicide is, oftenMu 40-50 milliliter mass concentration be 12.5% cover grass energy be watered 60 kilograms or 40-50 milliliter mass concentrations and beThe happy grass of 10% is extremely watered 60 kilograms.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, existing industrial hemp breeding technique is Summer-sowing results in winter, and thisThe bright feature utilizing south winter climate gentle carries out adding generation, shortens breeding cycle, and pest and disease damage is few,Solid full, Second Year late March can be gathered in the crops, and average yield per mu, up to more than 60 kilograms, can realize simultaneouslyThe crudefiber crop of season plantation more than a year, the production for locality hemp provides sufficient seed supply, minimizing strange land to adjust and plant thisOne link and reduce cost, adding generation thus accelerate breeding process.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in detail.
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below technical scheme in the present invention enterRow clearly and completely describes, it is clear that described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than completeThe embodiment in portion.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative laborThe every other embodiment obtained under dynamic premise, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
Implantation time: annual late October-November, temperature between 18 DEG C-29 DEG C, daylight time is 12Hour plantation carried out above；
Select the plot that soil layer is deep, water and fertilizer condition is good, sow first 15 days and plow, deep more than 25 centimetres,Removing after weeds rake is carefully raked and open railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment is wide 1.5 meters, and between railway carriage or compartment, passageway of holding concurrently, gutter is wide 30 centimetres.Broadcast for every muPlant 0.6 kilogram (i.e. 2.4 ten thousand seeds) of amount, Planting Row Distance 45-50 centimetre, spacing in the rows 18-20 centimetre, sowingThe most suitably pour water, in order to improve emergence rate and regularity.Number of emerging is general between 1.2-1.44 ten thousand strain, emergesTwo leaves wholeheartedly time gently water a rich water, final singling 6500-7500 plant/acre, heavy dressing is topdressed, 15,000 grams/acre of urea,Strengthen plant growing way, execute 10,000 grams/acre of urea, potash fertilizer squaring period, promote solid full.In 3 months next years,The last ten-days period can gather in the crops, about 145 days breeding time, yield more than 60 kilograms, close to breeding yield in summer.
Result of the test shows, winter, adding generation was feasible, and effect is preferable, is that a kind of industrial hemp seed adds Dai FanGrow the method having using value.With breed bigger difference summer: plant vegetative growth in summer phase length growVigorous, branch is many, and planting density is little, and 2000 plants/acre, breeding time is longer, about 200 days growth period, noIt is beneficial to the plantation of many seasons.And the feature that the present invention utilizes south winter climate gentle strengthens planting density and carries out adding Dai FanGrowing, hemp is short day crop, and winter, sunshine time was few, makes industrial hemp rapidly enter reproduction from nourishing and growingGrowth, shortens breeding cycle, and pest and disease damage is few, obtains yield, Second Year 3 with solid full main fringeThe last ten-days period moon can gather in the crops, and average yield per mu is up to more than 60 kilograms, and yield, close to yield in summer, can realize simultaneouslyThe crudefiber crop of season plantation more than a year, the production for locality hemp provides sufficient seed supply, minimizing strange land to adjust and plant thisOne link and reduce cost, adding generation thus accelerate breeding process.
The present invention utilizes the feature increasing planting density that south winter climate is gentle, lighting delay number is not enough to carry out adding generationBreeding, makes industrial hemp be changed into reproductive growth, reduction in the life period from nourishing and growing, shortens breeding cycle, carryHigh reproductive efficiency, breeds kind significant to industrial hemp.
The present invention utilizes carry out adding generation winter, can shorten breeding cycle, and pest and disease damage is less, and plant spacing is big,Being more conducive to obtain higher biological yield, seed then can continue as Xia Fan and provide kind of a source, it is achieved 1 year two generation is numerousGrow.
In embodiment contrasting two kinds of planting densities, general planting is planting density in summer.
| Embodiment | Hemp Varieties | Plantation harvest time | Yield (kilogram) |
| Embodiment 1 | Cloud fiber crops No. 1 | 10 March | 68 |
| Embodiment 2 (conventional) | Cloud fiber crops No. 1 | 10 March | 43 |
| Embodiment 3 | Cloud fiber crops No. 1 | 11 March | 74 |
| Embodiment 4 (conventional) | Cloud fiber crops No. 1 | 11 March | 40 |
| Embodiment 5 | Brave numb No. 6 | 10 March | 66 |
| Embodiment (6 is conventional) | Brave numb No. 6 | 10 March | 44 |
| Embodiment 7 | Brave numb No. 6 | 10 March | 71 |
| Embodiment (8 is conventional) | Brave numb No. 6 | 11 March | 48 |
Last it is noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, it is not intended to limit；Although being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art should manageSolve: the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be modified by it, or to wherein part skillArt feature carries out equivalent；And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from thisInvent the spirit and scope of each embodiment technical scheme.